1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Jars of Clay
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Jars of Clay is a Christian rock band from Nashville, Tennessee. They met at Greenville College in Greenville, Illinois, Jars of Clay consists of Dan Haseltine on vocals, Charlie Lowell on piano and keyboards, Stephen Mason on lead guitars and Matthew Odmark on rhythm guitars. Although the band has no permanent drummer or bass guitarist, Jeremy Lutito, past tour band members include Aaron Sands, Scott Savage, and Joe Porter. Charlie Lowell first met Dan Haseltine after noticing that he was wearing a Toad the Wet Sprocket shirt. Pursuing a career in music together was not necessarily their original goal, some of the first songs they wrote together were for music and their second guitarist Matt Odmark joined some time later. In 1994, the band submitted a demo to a talent competition run by the Gospel Music Association and were selected as finalists and they traveled to Nashville to perform and won the contest. Back in Greenville, they self-released a limited-run of the demo, Frail. The buzz from their performance in Nashville and the demos popularity resulted in offers from labels, so the band decided to drop school. At this time, Bronleewe left the band to finish school and he was replaced with Matt Odmark, Lowells childhood friend and fellow McQuaid Jesuit High School alum. The band signed with Essential Records and started recording their first full-length studio album, adrian Belew, of progressive rock band King Crimson, heard the band and offered to produce, leading to him producing two songs, Liquid and Flood. The bands self-titled debut released in 1995, the album has since reached multi-platinum certification according to the RIAA. Flood peaked at No.37 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No.12 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart, the band toured in support of other Christian acts, such as PFR, and aside mainstream acts like Matchbox Twenty, Duncan Sheik, and Sting. This resulted in a backlash from some Christian groups. The band released Drummer Boy, a Christmas EP entitled, at the end of 1995, the EP was re-released, on Silvertone Records, in 1997 with a slightly different track listing on. The bands second album, Much Afraid, produced by Stephen Lipson was also released in 1997, the album sold very well and went on to earn a Grammy award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album. The album has earned platinum certification by the RIAA. They released two videos for this album for the songs Crazy Times and Five Candles. In 1999, Jars of Clay released their album, If I Left the Zoo
3.
Greenville University
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Greenville College is a liberal arts four-year school that is affiliated with the Free Methodist Church, a church with an evangelical foundation. The college is located in Greenville, Illinois, United States, located 45 miles east of St. Louis, for 150 years, the Greenville College campus has been the scene of Christian higher education. In the mid-nineteenth century Stephen Morse moved from New Hampshire to Greenville, in 1855, he established a college for women, supported in part by his wifes inheritance and named in her honor. Almira College was affiliated with the Baptist church and educated young women under the leadership of John B, white, a classmate of Morse at Brown University. After 23 years, ownership passed to James Park Slade, who maintained the affiliation, the institution was reincorporated as an independent institution under the name of Greenville College Corporation and was authorized to confer the usual degrees. Wilson T. Hogue, a New York pastor and scholar, was called to be the Colleges first president, during his administration, he not only taught and directed the College, but also earned his Ph. D. degree. Only eleven individuals have served the College as president during its more than 110-year history, starting with the first graduate in 1898, Greenville College now averages 450 graduates each year at Commencement. The quality of our graduates is made clear in their accomplishments, an unusually high proportion have gone on to earn doctorates. Alumni serve with distinction in major professions in government, business, the church, Christian missions, the Lifestyle Statement exists to keep the GC community accountable for having a healthy lifestyle that keeps the individual in line with Gods redemptive plan. Gambling, and using or possessing pornography, Greenville College understands that no student is perfect and is committed to providing support without judgement to anyone suffering from any kind of problem, addiction, or mental illness. Struggling students are encouraged to receive counseling or meet with a mentor in order to provide professional support as they attempt to make lifestyle changes. Students are not required to sign a statement of faith, however, most of these credits are fulfilled by attending a chapel service that is available on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of every academic week at 9, 30am. Chapel begins with student-led worship and announcements about upcoming events, then, a speaker will give a short sermon, sometimes relating to a weekly topic, such as World Outreach Week or Christian Life Week. Students are free to choose which services they would like to attend in order to fulfill their credit requirements, during the chapel hour, no classes take place in order to allow students the opportunity to attend if they wish. Another opportunity to earn chapel credit is by attending an entirely student-led evening service called Vespers takes place every Thursday at 9 and this service is especially popular with students as it is energetic, upbeat, and features student speakers. Other opportunities to earn chapel credit include attending dorm bible studies, certain students who are unable to attend chapel due to work, strenuous schedules or family life are provided with the opportunity to apply for complete or partial chapel exemption. An additional 101-bed dormitory, called West Oak Hall, opened Fall of 2007, students also live in a number of college-owned houses. In the summer of 2007, Janssen Hall was gutted and completely updated and remodeled, joy Hall was renovated in the summer of 2011 to bring it up to modern safety code
4.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
5.
Christian rock
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Christian rock is a form of rock music that promotes Jesus and is typically performed by self-proclaimed Christian individuals and bands whose members focus the lyrics on matters of Christian faith. The extent to which their lyrics are explicitly Christian varies between bands, many bands who perform Christian rock have ties to the contemporary Christian music labels, media outlets, and festivals, while other bands are independent. In 1952 Archibald Davison, a Harvard professor, summed up the sound of traditional Christian music, based upon Archibald Davisons statement it is easy to see how different these two genres of music are. Religious people in regions of the United States did not want their children exposed to music with unruly, impassioned vocals, loud guitar riffs and jarring. Rock and roll differed from the norm, and thus it was seen as a threat, often the music was overtly sexual in nature, as in the case of Elvis Presley, who became controversial and massively popular partly for his suggestive stage antics and dancing. However, Elvis was a person who even released a gospel album. Individual Christians may have listened to or even performed rock music in many cases and he Touched Me was a 1972 gospel music album by Elvis Presley which sold over 1 million copies in the US alone and earned Presley his second of three Grammy Awards. Not counting compilations, it was his third and final album devoted exclusively to gospel music, the song He Touched Me was written in 1963 by Bill Gaither, an American singer and songwriter of southern gospel and Contemporary Christian music. In the 1960s, rock music developed artistically, attained popularity and became associated with the radical counterculture. This further increased the Christian opposition to rock music, moreover, many saw the music as promoting a lifestyle of promiscuous sex, drugs and rock and roll, also reflected in the behavior of many rock stars. However, there was growing recognition of the musical and ideological potential of rock. One of his songs, Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music, summarized his attitude and his quest to pioneer Christian rock music. Another Christian rock pioneer, Randy Stonehill, released his first album in 1971, in the most common pressing of the album, side one is entirely a live performance. Another early Christian rock album was Mylon by Mylon LeFevre, son of members of the gospel group The LeFevres. He recorded the album with members of Classics IV and released it through Cotillion Records in 1970, petra and Resurrection Band, two of the bands who brought harder rock into the early CCM community, had their origins in the early to mid-1970s. They reached their height in popularity in the late eighties alongside other Christian-identifying hard rock such as Stryper. The latter had played on MTV, one being To Hell with the Devil. Christian rock has proved successful in the UK and Europe, although such artists as Bryn Haworth have found commercial success by combining blues
6.
Essential Records (Christian)
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Essential Records is a contemporary Christian record label based in Franklin, Tennessee. It is a division of a label, Sony Music Entertainment. It was established in 1992 and acquired by Brentwood Music in 1993, the labels first big hit release was Flood by Jars of Clay in 1996. The song was a hit on radio before hitting on Christian formats, it hit No.12 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. Today it is part of the Provident Label Group, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
Adrian Belew
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Adrian Belew is an American musician, songwriter and record producer. Belew is a member of the pop band The Bears. Belew himself scored a Top 10 hit single in 1989 with Oh Daddy, Belew has also worked in instrument design and multimedia, collaborating with Parker Guitars and designing his own iOS mobile apps FLUX by belew™ and FLUX, FX - the multi-effect audio processor app. Belew was born in Covington, Kentucky, to a middle-class family, initially known to friends and classmates as Steve Belew, Adrian Belew played drums in his teen years and later with the high-school covers band The Denems. Inspired by Jimi Hendrix, he took up guitar when he was bedridden for months with mononucleosis. Not inclined to formal study, Belew was nonetheless a quick developer. While maturing as a player and mastering various playing styles, Belew became increasingly preoccupied with ways to avoid sounding like everybody else. He eventually found his own sound and style by learning how to make his guitar sound effects. In the mid-1970s, Belew moved to Nashville to pursue a career as a professional musician. By 1977, he was playing with the popular cover band Sweetheart. In 1977, while playing at a Sweetheart gig at a bar in Nashville called Fannys, Belew was discovered by Frank Zappa, who had been tipped off regarding the bands talents by his chauffeur. Zappa approached Belew and discussed auditioning him for an upcoming tour, during this time Sweetheart split up. Once the formal invitation came, Belew flew out to Los Angeles, believing that hed messed up his first audition, Belew persuaded Zappa to give him a second one. Belews second audition was a more intimate one-on-one experience which took place in Zappas living room, Zappa was impressed enough to hire Belew on a handshake deal for a year. Belew toured with the Zappa band and appeared on Zappas 1979 album Sheik Yerbouti - most notably performing a Bob Dylan impersonation on the song Flakes and he also appeared in Zappas 1979 concert film Baby Snakes. While with Zappa, Belew was mostly credited as rhythm guitarist although he played lead. On the recommendation of musician/producer Brian Eno, after seeing a Zappa concert in Cologne, Germany, Belew accepted the offer as Zappa intended to spend four months editing the film, Baby Snakes. Belew then played on Bowies Isolar II world tour in 1978, he played on the live album Stage
9.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
10.
Cross Rhythms
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Cross Rhythms is a Christian media organisation based in Stoke-on-Trent, England. It operates an FM and online station, produces radio shows sent internationally. In 1983, broadcaster Chris Cole started a 30-minute weekly Christian music radio show on Plymouth Sound FM, originally titled The Solid Rock of Jesus Christ, the programme aired on Sunday evenings. It grew into a programme, and became one of the most listened to programmes in its time slot in South Devon. In May 1990, music journalist Tony Cummings founded the magazine Cross Rhythms Magazine, in 1991, publication of the magazine was taken over by Coles publishing company, Cornerstone House. The radio show was renamed the Cross Rhythms Experience in 1992, also in 1991, Cross Rhythms took over the organisation and management of what had previously been the Umberleigh Rock Gospel Festival. The event was renamed to the Cross Rhythms Festival, and continued to be held annually until 2003, by 1995 the magazine had a readership of about 15,000. Cross Rhythms, in partnership with United Christian Broadcasters, launched a radio channel broadcasting to the UK. At the same time, Cross Rhythms moved base from Plymouth to Stoke-on-Trent to share facilities with UCB, the partnership continued until 2002, when Cross Rhythms was granted a pilot licence for a new form of local radio, then called Access Radio but now known as Community Radio. Cross Rhythms City Radio went on air in February 2002, at the same time as obtaining the FM licence for Cross Rhythms City Radio, Cross Rhythms moved out of UCBs HQ and into Conway House, the former home of BBC Radio Stoke. The last Cross Rhythms Festival was held in 2003 and Cross Rhythms Magazine ceased publication in 2005, the festival was subsequently re-launched as a partnership with Gilead Foundations under the new name of the Arrow Festival. The editorial content of the magazine is now carried by the Cross Rhythms Website, in order to help finance the expansion of the radio aspect of the organisation, Cross Rhythms Direct was launched in 2003 as an online Christian music shop. It has a system and the highest selling artists include Chris Tomlin, Lou Fellingham. Although using the name, these stations are under separate ownership as required by Ofcom regulations
11.
Drum
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The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone, Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with the players hands, or with a drum stick, to produce sound. There is usually a head on the underside of the drum. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, Drums are the worlds oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years. Drums may be played individually, with the using a single drum. Others are normally played in a set of two or more, all played by the one player, such as drums and timpani. A number of different drums together with form the basic modern drum kit. Drums are usually played by striking with the hand, or with one or two sticks, in many traditional cultures, drums have a symbolic function and are used in religious ceremonies. Drums are often used in therapy, especially hand drums, because of their tactile nature. In popular music and jazz, drums usually refers to a kit or a set of drums. Drums acquired even divine status in places such as Burundi, where the karyenda was a symbol of the power of the king, the shell almost invariably has a circular opening over which the drumhead is stretched, but the shape of the remainder of the shell varies widely. In the western tradition, the most usual shape is a cylinder, although timpani, for example. Other shapes include a design, truncated cones, goblet shaped. Drums with cylindrical shells can be open at one end, or can have two drum heads, single-headed drums typically consist of a skin stretched over an enclosed space, or over one of the ends of a hollow vessel. Drums with two heads covering both ends of a shell often have a small hole somewhat halfway between the two heads, the shell forms a resonating chamber for the resulting sound. Exceptions include the African slit drum, also known as a log drum as it is made from a tree trunk. Drums with two heads can also have a set of wires, called snares, held across the head, top head. The heads tension can be adjusted by loosening or tightening the rods, many such drums have six to ten tension rods
12.
String instrument
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String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner. Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow. In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord or piano, with bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate. With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a wheel that rubs the strings. Bowed instruments include the string instruments of the Classical music orchestra. All of the string instruments can also be plucked with the fingers. Some types of string instrument are mainly plucked, such as the harp, in the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, string instruments are called chordophones. Other examples include the sitar, rebab, banjo, mandolin, ukulele, in most string instruments, the vibrations are transmitted to the body of the instrument, which often incorporates some sort of hollow or enclosed area. The body of the instrument also vibrates, along with the air inside it, the vibration of the body of the instrument and the enclosed hollow or chamber make the vibration of the string more audible to the performer and audience. The body of most string instruments is hollow, some, however—such as electric guitar and other instruments that rely on electronic amplification—may have a solid wood body. Archaeological digs have identified some of the earliest stringed instruments in Ancient Mesopotamian sites, like the lyres of Ur, the development of lyre instruments required the technology to create a tuning mechanism to tighten and loosen the string tension. During the medieval era, instrument development varied from country to country, Middle Eastern rebecs represented breakthroughs in terms of shape and strings, with a half a pear shape using three strings. Early versions of the violin and fiddle, by comparison, emerged in Europe through instruments such as the gittern, a four stringed precursor to the guitar and these instruments typically used catgut and other materials, including silk, for their strings. String instrument design refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period of musical history, violins and guitars became more consistent in design, and were roughly similar to what we use in the 2000s. At the same time, the 19th century guitar became more associated with six string models. In big bands of the 1920s, the guitar played backing chords. The development of guitar amplifiers, which contained a power amplifier, the development of the electric guitar provided guitarists with an instrument that was built to connect to guitar amplifiers. Electric guitars have magnetic pickups, volume control knobs and an output jack, in the 1960s, larger, more powerful guitar amplifiers were developed, called stacks
13.
Flood (Jars of Clay song)
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Flood is a song written and performed by Jars of Clay. It is considered to be their breakthrough song due to airplay on contemporary Christian music and alternative radio stations. It was released in 1995 on their debut album. The album remained in the top 60 albums for much of the year, the album went gold and shortly after attained platinum status. The debut album has now sold well over 2,000,000 copies, the single was a multi-format crossover hit in the United States, peaking at No.12 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and No.37 on the Billboard Hot 100. All songs written by Charlie Lowell, Dan Haseltine, Matt Odmark and it was the theme song of the A&E reality show, God or the Girl. Genesis flood narrative MTV Version music video on YouTube Original Version music video on YouTube
14.
King Crimson
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King Crimson are an English rock band formed in London in 1968. Fripp is the only consistent member of the group, and is considered the bands leader, the band has earned a large cult following. King Crimsons debut album, In the Court of the Crimson King, remains its most successful and influential, with its elements of jazz, classical and their success increased following an opening act performance for the Rolling Stones at Hyde Park, London, in 1969. Following the less successful In the Wake of Poseidon, Lizard, and Islands, the reached a new creative peak with Larks Tongues in Aspic, Starless and Bible Black. Fripp disbanded the group in 1974, in 1981, King Crimson reformed with a change in musical direction which lasted for three years, resulting in the trio of albums Discipline, Beat, and Three of a Perfect Pair. Following a decade-long hiatus, Fripp revived the group in 1994, since 1997, several musicians have pursued aspects of the bands work and approaches through a series of related bands collectively referred to as ProjeKCts. In 2000, the band reunited once more and released The Construkction of Light, the bands most recent album is The Power to Believe. In 2009 the band undertook a tour to celebrate their 40th Anniversary, fellow Dorset musician Robert Fripp – a guitarist who did not sing – responded and the trio formed the band Giles, Giles and Fripp. Based on a format of pop songs and complex instrumentals. The band hovered on the edge of success, with several radio sessions and a television appearance, the album was no more of a success than the singles, and was even disparaged by Keith Moon of the Who in a magazine review. Attempting to expand their sound, the three recruited Ian McDonald on keyboards, reeds and woodwinds, McDonald brought along his then-girlfriend, former Fairport Convention singer Judy Dyble, whose brief tenure with the group ended when the two split. Would you like to get together on a couple of songs, Fripp, meanwhile, saw Clouds perform at the Marquee Club in London which inspired him to incorporate classical melodies and jazz-like improvisation in his song writing. No longer interested in pursuing Peter Giles more whimsical pop style, Fripp recommended his friend, singer and guitarist Greg Lake, join, Peter Giles later called it one of Fripps cute political moves. But he had become disillusioned with the lack of success and departed, leaving Lake to become bassist. The first incarnation of King Crimson formed in London on 30 November 1968, the bands name was coined by Sinfield, though it is not meant to be a synonym for Beelzebub, prince of demons. McDonald suggested the purchase a Mellotron, and they began using it to create an orchestral rock sound. Sinfield described Crimson thus, If it sounded at all popular, so it had to be complicated, it had to be more expansive chords, it had to have strange influences. If it sounded, like, too simple, wed make it more complicated, wed play it in 7/8 or 5/8, just to show off
15.
Christian radio
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Christian radio is a category of radio formats that focus on transmitting programming with a Christian message. Brokered programming is a significant portion of most US Christian radio stations revenue, another revenue stream is solicitation of donations, either to the evangelists who buy the air time or to the stations or their owners themselves. A minority of stations use the model for music radio. Numerous religious broadcasters own a number of their own stations. Most Christian radio stations transmit a mixture of Christian music and Christian talk, Christian music radio outlets mirror commercial radio in many ways, and music in a variety of different genres is available. Many stations play primarily gospel music or worship music, while others play all formats of contemporary Christian music including rock and roll, pop, rock music, rap, country, note that this short list runs the gamut of Christian music formats from pop to rock to inspirational. Other Christian stations will present a no-music format that features talk radio-style programming and/or long-form preaching and teaching programs, most Christian radio stations as well as programmers based in the United States are members of the National Religious Broadcasters, a Christian organization. There are reportedly 1,600 Christian broadcasting organizations in the U. S and they range from single stations to expansive networks. It is common for religious broadcasters to purchase many small broadcast translators to create networks that stretch across large regions, moody Radio was the first example, and still one of the largest, though most of its stations broadcast stand-alone programming as well as network feeds. Z88.3 in Orlando, Florida, the WAY-FM Network, K-LOVE, Air 1, The Joy FM, Reach Radio, Christian radio expanded in the early twenty-first century. It became available in the United Kingdom with changes to broadcasting regulations, premier Christian Radio is based in the London area where it is available on medium wave and DAB, elsewhere, it is available digitally or by Internet. United Christian Broadcasters is a broadcasting and media company, radio stations are based in Albania, Australia, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand, the Philippines. CT-20, was Canadas Top 20 Contemporary Christian Countdown, the World Family of Radio Maria Category, Christian radio stations List of Christian radio stations in Canada Lochte, Bob. Christian Radio, The Growth of a Mainstream Broadcasting Force, jefferson, North Carolina, McFarland and Company
16.
Sting (musician)
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Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE, better known by his stage name Sting, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He was the songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band The Police from 1977 to 1984. He has included elements of rock, jazz, reggae, classical, new-age and he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Police in 2003. In 2000, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for recording, in 2003, Sting received a CBE from Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for services to music, and was made a Kennedy Center Honoree at the White House in 2014. He was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2017, with The Police, Sting became one of the worlds best-selling music artists. Solo and with The Police combined, he has sold over 100 million records, in 2006, Paste ranked him 62nd of the 100 best living songwriters. He was 63rd of VH1s 100 greatest artists of rock, and he grew up near Wallsends shipyards, which made an impression on him. At eight or ten years old, he was inspired by the Queen Mother waving at him from a Rolls-Royce to divert from the shipyard prospect towards a more glamorous life. He helped his father deliver milk and by ten was obsessed with an old Spanish guitar left by a friend of his father. He attended St Cuthberts Grammar School in Newcastle upon Tyne and he visited nightclubs such as Club AGogo to see Cream and Manfred Mann, who influenced his music. After being a bus conductor, building labourer and tax officer, he attended Northern Counties College of Education from 1971 to 1974 and he taught at St Pauls First School in Cramlington for two years. Sting performed jazz in the evening, weekends and during breaks from college and he played with the Phoenix Jazzmen, Newcastle Big Band, and Last Exit. He gained his nickname after his habit of wearing a black, bandleader Gordon Solomon thought he looked like a bee, which prompted the name Sting. In the 1985 documentary Bring on the Night a journalist called him Gordon, to which he replied, My children call me Sting, my mother calls me Sting, in Time in 2011 he said, I was never called Gordon. You could shout Gordon in the street and I would just move out of your way, in January 1977, Sting moved from Newcastle to London and joined Stewart Copeland and Henry Padovani to form The Police. From 1978 to 1983 they had five UK chart-topping albums, won six Grammy Awards and their initial sound was punk-inspired, but they switched to reggae rock and minimalist pop. Their final album, Synchronicity, was nominated for five Grammy Awards including Album of the Year and it included their most successful song, Every Breath You Take, written by Sting, in 1983. While never formally breaking up, after Synchronicity the group agreed to concentrate on solo projects, as the years went by, the band members, particularly Sting, dismissed the possibility of reforming
17.
The Samples
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The Samples is a band formed in Boulder, CO in 1987. The bands name came from the members early sustenance of food samples from the local King Soopers grocery store, the music has been described as reggae influenced rock/pop and a cross between The Police and the Grateful Dead. The founding members were Sean Kelly, Charles Hambleton, Andy Sheldon, Jeep MacNichol, singer/songwriter Sean Kelly and guitarist Charles Hambleton met in 1985 in Burlington, Vermont at an open mic called The Sheik, leading to the formation of the band Secret City in 1986. After playing together in Burlington for a year, the moved to Boulder, CO and met up with Andy Sheldon. Jeep MacNichol joined the band as drummer after responding to an ad, after playing around the area, Al Laughlin saw the group perform at a frat party and asked if the group needed a keyboardist, an offer the band accepted. The band played their first show in Colorado on April 19,1987 at Tulagis, later that year, the band recorded a demo album on cassette that was never officially released. The recording of Moonlit Treese made it onto the Underwater People EP and their fan club President goes by KT. The Samples embarked on their first national tour in the summer of 1988, the band played mostly to college audiences and allowed their music to be spread through bootlegging and taping. Fans in college towns formed street teams to distribute the bands music and their debut self-titled album The Samples was independently recorded with producer Walt Beery and was released independently in early 1989. The album combined reggae, pop-rock, and bluegrass with a tight, following the release, they signed with Arista Records and re-released the same album in May. However, the band found itself at odds with Aristas personnel, after an unproductive studio session with an outside producer hired by the label, band terminated their contract with Arista in the fall of 1991 and continued to tour unsigned. Also that year, Hambleton departed the band and he would later appear in Pirates of the Caribbean and was associate producer of the film The Cove. The Samples continued to tour and released their own self-published EP, Underwater People, the band soon joined the newly formed independent label, W. A. R. And released No Room in 1992, the album was produced by Jim Scott and showed the bands continuing growth as songwriters and musicians. Many of the songs on No Room became their most well-known, including When its Raining, Did Ya Ever Look So Nice, the albums sound combined pop sensibility with a mix of folk, reggae, jazz, and rock that would become their signature. Sean Kelly, as the songwriter, wrote songs about nature. Sheldons thumping bass, MacNichols Stewart Copeland-inspired beats and Laughlins off-beat reggae chords supported Kellys inspired songwriting and they became a success throughout the early 1990s, selling over one million copies of their catalogue based on a genuine grassroots campaign. Their live shows helped them on the college circuit selling out venues in college towns across the country, in 1993, The Samples released The Last Drag, produced by Marc DeSisto
18.
Matchbox Twenty
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Matchbox Twenty is an American rock band, formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1995. The group currently consists of Rob Thomas, Kyle Cook, Brian Yale and their second album, Mad Season, released in 2000, charted in the top three on the Billboard 200 and was certified 4× Platinum in the United States. Their third album, More Than You Think You Are, released in 2002, was only certified 2× Platinum in the United States, director Bill Draheim documented the band throughout the process while making More Than You Think You Are. The documentary Theresville was an online extra, the band then went on hiatus in 2004 after rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynors departure. As a result, Paul Doucette took over rhythm guitar after the band reunited in 2007 and they released a compilation album, Exile on Mainstream, which was certified Gold in the United States. After the release, the band toured to support it, Matchbox Twenty then took another hiatus while Rob Thomas embarked on a successful solo career but reunited again in 2010. The band released North, their album, on September 4,2012 which made its debut at number one on the Billboard 200. Matchbox Twenty released their album, Yourself or Someone Like You. While their first single, Long Day, was a success in the west coast. Real World, and Back 2 Good, Push and 3 A. M. did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100 chart due to the rule in effect prior to 1998 that required a song to be released as a single in order to appear on the Hot 100. Real World and Back 2 Good proved to be the bands first entries into the Billboard Hot 100, the album eventually shipped more than 12 million copies in the U. S. alone, achieving a diamond certification. In 1998, Matchbox Twenty recorded a version of their single,3 A. M. for release on the charity album Live in the X Lounge. In 1999 the band was sued by New Yorker Frank Torres for using his image without his permission on the cover of Yourself or Someone Like You, Torres had been walking down the street when he was asked by a photographer to pose for a picture. Before recording their album, Rob Thomas collaborated with Itaal Shur on a song called Smooth for Carlos Santanas comeback album. Thomas was supposed to act only as a songwriter for Smooth, Smooth was the albums lead single and became a hit in 1999. Thomas won three Grammy Awards for writing and performing on Smooth, Record of the Year, Song of the Year, during 2000, Matchbox 20 renamed themselves to Matchbox Twenty and released their second album, Mad Season. The album, on the strength of several singles, including Bent. The video for Bent made fun of singer Thomas increased fame from Smooth by showing the band members assaulting him
19.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
20.
Soundtrack
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In movie industry terminology usage, a sound track is an audio recording created or used in film production or post-production. Initially the dialogue, sound effects, and music in a film each has its own track, and these are mixed together to make what is called the composite track. A dubbing track is later created when films are dubbed into another language. This is also known as a M & E track containing all sound elements minus dialogue which is supplied by the foreign distributor in the native language of its territory. The contraction soundtrack came into public consciousness with the advent of so-called soundtrack albums in the late 1940s and these phrases were soon shortened to just original motion picture soundtrack. More accurately, such recordings are made from a music track, because they usually consist of the isolated music from a film, not the composite track with dialogue. The soundtrack to the 1937 Walt Disney film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was the first commercially issued film soundtrack. It was released by RCA Victor Records on multiple 78 RPM discs in January 1938 as Songs from Walt Disneys Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and has since seen numerous expansions and reissues. The first live-action musical film to have a commercially issued soundtrack album was MGM’s 1946 film biography of Show Boat composer Jerome Kern, the album was originally issued as a set of four 10-inch 78-rpm records. Only eight selections from the film were included in this first edition of the album, in order to fit the songs onto the record sides the musical material needed editing and manipulation. Needless to say, it was several generations removed from the original, the playback recordings were purposely recorded very dry, otherwise it would come across as too hollow sounding in large movie theatres. This made these albums sound flat and boxy, the phrase is also sometimes incorrectly used for Broadway cast recordings. While it is correct in some instances to call a soundtrack a cast recording it is never correct to call a cast recording a soundtrack, contributing to the vagueness of the term are projects such as The Sound of Music Live. Which was filmed live on the set for an NBC holiday season special first broadcast in 2013, film score albums did not really become popular until the LP era, although a few were issued in 78-rpm albums. Like the 1967 re-release of the film, this version of the score was artificially enhanced for stereo, in recent years, Rhino Records has released a 2-CD set of the complete Gone With the Wind score, restored to its original mono sound. One of the film scores of all time was John Williams music from the movie Star Wars. Many film score albums go out-of-print after the films finish their theatrical runs, in a few rare instances an entire film dialogue track was issued on records. The 1968 Franco Zeffirelli film of Romeo and Juliet was issued as a 4-LP set, as a single LP with musical and dialogue excerpts, and as an album containing only the films musical score
21.
Class (education)
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A class in education has a variety of related meanings. It can be the group of students which attends a course or lesson at a university, school, or other educational institution. It can refer to a course itself, e. g. a class in Shakespearean drama. It can be the group of students at the level in an institution, the freshman class, or the group of students which graduates from the institution at the same time. The term can be used in a more general context. It can also refer to the classroom, in the building or venue where such a lesson is conducted, in some countries educational systems, it can refer to a subdivision of the students in an academic department, consisting of a cohort of students of the same academic level. For example, a departments sophomores may be divided into three classes
22.
College
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College is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university. In ancient Rome a collegium was a club or society, a group of living together under a common set of rules. Aside from the educational context - nowadays the most common use of college - there are various other meanings also derived from the original Latin term. In the United States, college can be a synonym for university, in Singapore and India, this is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the sixth form college as the English name for a lycée. In some national education systems, secondary schools may be called colleges or have college as part of their title, in Australia the term college is applied to any private or independent primary and, especially, secondary school as distinct from a state school. Melbourne Grammar School, Cranbrook School, Sydney and The Kings School, there has also been a recent trend to rename or create government secondary schools as colleges. In the state of Victoria, some high schools are referred to as secondary colleges. Interestingly, the pre-eminent government secondary school for boys in Melbourne is still named Melbourne High School, in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, college is used in the name of all state high schools built since the late 1990s, and also some older ones. In New South Wales, some schools, especially multi-campus schools resulting from mergers, are known as secondary colleges. In Queensland some newer schools which accept primary and high school students are styled state college, in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, college refers to the final two years of high school, and the institutions which provide this. In this context, college is an independent of the other years of high school. Here, the expression is a version of matriculation college. This is because these schools have traditionally focused on academic, rather than vocational, subjects. Some private secondary schools choose to use the college in their names nevertheless. Some secondary schools elsewhere in the country, particularly ones within the school system. In New Zealand the word normally refers to a secondary school for ages 13 to 17
23.
Much Afraid
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Much Afraid is the second full-length studio album of Christian band Jars of Clay. It was released in 1997 by Essential Records, Much Afraid was highly anticipated after the success of the bands first album, but due to a noticeable stylistic shift, the album was not as well received. Despite debuting at No.8 on the Billboard 200 chart, it slid down the chart. The lead single, Crazy Times did not do well on mainstream radio, since the sound had more of an electric-guitar driven sound, many fans expected Much Afraid to be more of a rock album than its predecessor. Instead, the album seemed to go the way, taking a more lush and melancholy approach, scaling down the strings. Some have compared the sound of album to that of Toad the Wet Sprocket. Fade to Grey and Frail were both previously from the debut demo recording Frail in 1994. All other tracks from that demo were recorded for the debut album Jars of Clay in 1995, both songs were changed significantly, especially Frail which was previously an instrumental piece which now contained lyrics. Notably, these songs were two of the first songs written by Jars of Clay, the song was subsequently featured on a few other movie soundtracks. The albums title is a reference to the character in Hannah Hurnards allegorical novel Hinds Feet on High Places. One track that was recorded during the Much Afraid sessions that did not make the track listing is Fly Farther. The song, featuring vocals from Alison Krauss, was released in 1999 on The White Elephant Sessions. This album earned the band a Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album, all three tracks were recorded live acoustically on July 3,1997 at the Quad, with no remastering or editing of the songs
24.
Electric guitar
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The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
25.
Folk rock
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It has also been influential in those parts of the world with close cultural connections to Britain and gave rise to the genre of folk punk. By the 1980s the genre was in decline in popularity. When English bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s defined themselves as electric folk they were making a distinction with the existing folk rock. Folk rock was what they had already been producing, American or American style singer-songwriter material played on instruments, as undertaken by Bob Dylan. They drew the distinction because they were focusing on indigenous songs, the result of this hybridisation was an exchange of specific features drawn from Traditional music and Rock music. For example, electric folk groups, while using traditional material as their source for lyrics and tunes. In the same year, The Beatles began incorporating overt folk influences into their music, the Beatles and other British Invasion bands, in turn, influenced the Californian band The Byrds, who began playing folk-influenced material and Bob Dylan compositions with rock instrumentation. The Byrds recording of Dylans Mr Tambourine Man was released in April 1965 and reached #1 on the U. S. and UK singles charts, setting off the mid-1960s folk rock movement. The Beatles late 1965 album, Rubber Soul, contained a number of songs clearly influenced by the American folk rock boom, such as Nowhere Man and If I Needed Someone. Folk rock became an important genre among emerging English bands, particularly those in the London club scene towards the end of the 1960s. Like the American revival, it was often overtly left wing in its politics, most important among their responses were the foundation of folk clubs in major towns, starting with London where MacColl began the Ballads and Blues Club in 1953. These clubs were usually urban in location, but the songs sung in them often hearkened back to a rural pre-industrial past, in many ways this was the adoption of abandoned popular music by the middle classes. This meant that there were, by the later 1960s, a group of performers with musical skill and knowledge of a variety of traditional songs. The result was an interpretation of the song A Sailors Life. The rapid expansion of electric folk that followed in the wake of Liege, five Hand Reel a band formed out of the remnants of Spencers Feat proved to be one of the more successful and influential folk rock bands. Releasing 4 albums with Topic/RCA records they were popular in Europe. He then quit that and eventually formed the Albion Country Band, later the Albion Band, a much smaller group of English bands were formed in emulation of existing electric rock bands. Fiddlers Dram were often dismissed as one hit wonders for their single Day Trip to Bangor, most of their career, from that point until they disbanded in 1979, was one of declining profile and sales
26.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
27.
Pupa
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A pupa is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages, embryo, larva, pupa. The pupae of different groups of insects have different names such as chrysalis for the pupae of butterflies, pupae may further be enclosed in other structures such as cocoons, nests or shells. In the life of an insect the pupal stage follows the larval stage and it is during the time of pupation that the adult structures of the insect are formed while the larval structures are broken down. The adult structures, imaginal discs, then grow to become the adult structures, pupae are inactive, and usually sessile. However, the pupae may be exarate or obtect and they have a hard protective coating and often use camouflage to evade potential predators. Pupation may last weeks, months or even years, for example, it is two weeks in monarch butterflies. The pupa may enter dormancy or diapause until the season for the adult insect. In temperate climates pupae usually stay dormant during winter, while in the tropics pupae usually do so during the dry season, anise swallowtails sometimes emerge after years as a chrysalis. Insects emerge from pupae by splitting the pupal case, and the process of pupation is controlled by the insects hormones. Most butterflies emerge in the morning, in mosquitoes the emergence is in the evening or night. In fleas the process is triggered by vibrations that indicate the presence of a suitable host. Prior to emergence, the adult inside the exoskeleton is termed pharate. Once the pharate adult has eclosed from the pupa, the empty pupal exoskeleton is called an exuvia, in most hymenopterans the exuvia is so thin, pupae are usually immobile and are largely defenseless. To overcome this, a feature is concealed placement. There are some species of Lycaenid butterflies who are protected in their pupal stage by ants, another means of defense by pupae of other species is the capability of making sounds or vibrations to scare potential predators. A few species use chemical defenses including toxic secretions, the pupae of social hymenopterans are protected by adult members of the hive. Examples are pupae of the orders Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Trichoptera, adecticous pupa - pupae without articulated mandibles
28.
Stephen Mason (musician)
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Steve Mason is an American musician most known for being the lead guitarist for Christian alternative folk rock group Jars of Clay. Mason was born in Joliet, Illinois in 1975, however was brought up from age 8 in Decatur, Mason joined Jars of Clay as a founding member in 1993 with singer Dan Haseltine and pianist Charlie Lowell while studying at Greenville College in his home state of Illinois. As a submission piece to get into college, Mason wrote an instrumental piece entitled Frail which was later recorded and used as the namesake for the groups first demo Frail. The song later had lyrics added by Jars of Clays lead singer Dan Haseltine for the second album Much Afraid. Growing up in Illinois, Mason is a Chicago Bears football team supporter, but also now supports the Tennessee Titans, in 2014 Stephen qualified as a Master Barber and has started cutting hair at his shop, The Handsomizer. Mason was married on October 24,2009 to former BBC Radio Producer, Mason uses a range of different guitars for performing with Jars of Clay, both electric and acoustic. Some of them he uses exclusively in the studio and others exclusively for live performances
29.
Toad the Wet Sprocket
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Toad the Wet Sprocket is an American alternative rock band formed in 1986. The band consists of vocalist and guitarist Glen Phillips, guitarist Todd Nichols, bassist Dean Dinning and they had chart success in the 1990s with singles which included Walk on the Ocean, All I Want, Somethings Always Wrong, Fall Down, and Good Intentions. The band broke up in 1998 to pursue other projects, but in 2006 began touring the United States as a band in small venue and their most recent full length album, New Constellation, was released on October 15,2013. Flamboyant ambidextrous Rex apparently fell off the back of a motorcycle, fell off the back of a motorcyclist, most likely, quipped ace drummer Jumbo McClooney upon hearing of the accident. Plans are now afoot for a tour of Iceland. As their first gig approached, the still had not chosen a name. The members facetiously adopted Toad the Wet Sprocket because they thought it would be hilarious, vocalist Glen Phillips later called it a joke that went on too long, and, according to their website, it was probably meant to be temporary at the time. So I wrote the words Toad the Wet Sprocket. And a few later, I was driving along the freeway in L. A. and a song came on the radio, and the DJ said, that was by Toad the Wet Sprocket. There was also an extended skit about the fictional Toad the Wet Sprocket on one of Idles later shows, RWT musician and regular cast member Neil Innes, ex-Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band and The Seventh Python, played keyboards with the somnolent band. Toad the Wet Sprocket was formed in 1986, with the members having known one another from San Marcos High School just outside Santa Barbara, singer/songwriter and guitarist Glen Phillips was only 15, guitarist Todd Nichols and drummer Randy Guss were 19 and bassist Dean Dinning was 20. The bands first public appearance was at a talent contest in September 1986. Toad the Wet Sprockets first album was released in 1989, Bread & Circus was self-financed through their label, Abes Records. The album spawned the singles Way Away and One Little Girl, which made the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, the follow-up to Bread & Circus, Pale, was released in 1990 and saw their sound mature. During the recording of the album, Toad signed to Columbia Records while declining the opportunity to re-record Pale, the band finally achieved fame with their third album, fear. It was released in 1991, and saw the singles All I Want, the album became the bands first RIAA-certified platinum album. The 1992 film Buffy the Vampire Slayer featured the song Little Heaven, in 1993, the Mike Myers feature film So I Married an Axe Murderer included the song Brother on its soundtrack. Brother later appeared on the In Light Syrup compilation album, as well as on the 2004 release of the live album Welcome Home, Live at the Arlington Theatre, in 1994, after years of heavy touring, the band released Dulcinea, their follow-up to fear
30.
Nirvana (band)
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Nirvana was an American rock band formed by singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington, in 1987. Nirvana went through a succession of drummers, the longest-lasting being Dave Grohl, despite releasing only three full-length studio albums in their seven-year career, Nirvana has come to be regarded as one of the most influential and important alternative bands in history. Though the band dissolved in 1994 after the suicide of Cobain, their music maintains a following and continues to influence modern rock. In the late 1980s, Nirvana established itself as part of the Seattle grunge scene, releasing its first album, Bleach and they developed a sound that relied on dynamic contrasts, often between quiet verses and loud, heavy choruses. After signing to major label DGC Records, Nirvana found unexpected success with Smells Like Teen Spirit, Nirvanas third studio album, In Utero, released to critical acclaim, featured an abrasive, less mainstream sound and challenged the groups audience. Nirvanas active career ended following the death of Cobain in 1994, but various posthumous releases have been issued since, overseen by Novoselic, Grohl, and Cobains widow Courtney Love. Since its debut, the band has sold over 25 million records in the United States alone, Nirvana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014, in its first year of eligibility. Cobain and Novoselic met while attending Aberdeen High, although they never connected, the pair eventually became friends while frequenting the practice space of the Melvins. Cobain wanted to form a band with Novoselic, but Novoselic did not respond for a period of time. In persuading Novoselic to form a band, Cobain gave him a tape of his project Fecal Matter. Three years after the two first met, Novoselic notified Cobain that he had listened to the Fecal Matter demo. The pair recruited Bob McFadden on drums, but after a month the project fell apart, in early 1987, Cobain and Novoselic recruited drummer Aaron Burckhard. The three practiced material from Cobains Fecal Matter tape but started writing new material soon after forming, during its initial months, the band went through a series of names, starting with Skid Row and including Pen Cap Chew, Bliss, and Ted Ed Fred. The group finally settled on Nirvana, which Cobain said was chosen because I wanted a name that was kind of beautiful or nice and pretty instead of a mean, raunchy punk name like the Angry Samoans. With Novoselic and Cobain having moved to Tacoma and Olympia, Washington, respectively, the pair instead practiced with Dale Crover of the Melvins, and Nirvana recorded its first demos in January 1988. In early 1988, Crover moved to San Francisco but recommended Dave Foster to the band as his replacement on drums, Cobain and Novoselic put an ad in Seattle music publication The Rocket seeking a replacement drummer, which only yielded unsatisfactory responses. Meanwhile, a friend introduced them to Chad Channing. Channing continued to jam with Cobain and Novoselic, although the drummer noted, They never actually said okay, youre in, Nirvana released its first single, a cover of Shocking Blues Love Buzz, in November 1988 on the Seattle independent record label Sub Pop
31.
Laurie Anderson
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Laura Phillips Laurie Anderson is an American avant-garde artist, composer, musician and film director whose work spans performance art, pop music, and multimedia projects. Initially trained in violin and sculpting, Anderson pursued a variety of art projects in New York during the 1970s, making particular use of language, technology. She became widely known outside the art world in 1981 when her single O Superman reached number two on the UK pop charts. She also starred in and directed the 1986 concert film Home of the Brave, Anderson is a pioneer in electronic music and has invented several devices that she has used in her recordings and performance art shows. In 1977, she created a violin that uses recorded magnetic tape on the bow instead of horsehair. In the late 1990s, she developed a talking stick, a six-foot long baton-like MIDI controller that can access, Anderson started dating Lou Reed in 1992, and was married to him from 2008 until his death in 2013. Anderson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, on June 5,1947 and she graduated from Glenbard West High School. She attended Mills College in California, and eventually graduated from Barnard College magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, in 1972, she obtained an MFA in sculpture from Columbia University. Her first performance-art piece—a symphony played on automobile horns—was performed in 1969, in 1970, she drew the underground comix Baloney Moccasins, which was published by George DiCaprio. She performed in New York during the 1970s, two early pieces, New York Social Life and Time to Go, are included in the 1977 compilation New Music for Electronic and Recorded Media, along with works by Pauline Oliveros and others. Two other pieces were included on Airwaves, a collection of pieces by various artists. She also recorded a lecture for Vision, a set of artists released by Crown Point Press as a set of 6 LPs. Many of Andersons earliest recordings remain unreleased, or were only issued in limited quantities, such as her first single, among the musicians on these early recordings are Peter Gordon on saxophone, Scott Johnson on guitar, Ken Deifik on harmonica, and Joe Kos on drums. Photographs and descriptions of many of early performances were included in Andersons retrospective book. Among the Giorno-released recordings was Youre the Guy I Want to Share My Money With and she also worked with comedian Andy Kaufman in the late 1970s. In 1980 Anderson was awarded a doctorate from the San Francisco Art Institute. In 1982 she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Arts—Film, Anderson became widely known outside the art world in 1981 with the single O Superman, originally released in a limited quantity by B. Georges One Ten Records, which reached number two in the British charts
32.
The Talking Heads
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Talking Heads was an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991. The band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth, after a hiatus, the band hit its commercial peak in 1983 with the US Top 10 hit Burning Down the House and released the concert film Stop Making Sense, directed by Jonathan Demme. They would release more albums, including their best-selling LP Little Creatures. In 2002, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Talking Heads were also included at number 64 on VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In the 2011 update of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, David Byrne, Chris Frantz, and Tina Weymouth were alumni of the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island. There, Byrne and Frantz formed a band called The Artistics in 1973, Weymouth was Frantzs girlfriend and often provided transportation for the band. The Artistics dissolved the year, and the three moved to New York, eventually sharing a communal loft. Unable to find a player in New York City, Frantz encouraged Weymouth to learn to play bass by listening to Suzi Quatro albums. They played their first gig as Talking Heads opening for the Ramones at CBGB on June 5,1975, later that year, the trio recorded a series of demos for CBS, but the band was not signed to the label. They quickly drew a following and were signed to Sire Records in November 1976, the group released their first single in February that year, Love → Building on Fire. In March 1977, they added Jerry Harrison, formerly of Jonathan Richmans band The Modern Lovers and their first album was released soon afterwards, Talking Heads,77, which did not contain the earlier single. The album received acclaim and spawned what became the groups first charted single. The song was released to the radio just months after the killer known as the Son of Sam had been terrorizing New York City. However, it was revealed that Byrne had written the song nearly four years earlier. This recording also established the long term recording studio relationship with the famous Compass Point Studios in Nassau. Cover of Al Greens Take Me to the River broke Talking Heads into general public consciousness, Music journalist Simon Reynolds cited Fear of Music as representing the Eno-Talking Heads collaboration at its most mutually fruitful and equitable. The single Life During Wartime produced the catchphrase, This aint no party, the song refers to the Mudd Club and CBGB, two popular New York nightclubs of the time. 1980s Remain in Light was heavily influenced by the afrobeat of Nigerian bandleader Fela Kuti and it explored West African polyrhythms, weaving these together with Arabic music from North Africa, disco funk, and found voices
33.
Nine Inch Nails
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Nine Inch Nails is an American industrial rock band founded in 1988 by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio. Despite this, the band has had feuds with the corporate side of the recording industry. Reznor returned to self-releasing material with the second Nine Inch Nails EP, as the bands main producer, singer, songwriter, and instrumentalist, Reznor is the only constant member of the group, and remains solely responsible for its direction. This changed however in 2016 when Atticus Ross was introduced as a permanent member of Nine Inch Nails alongside the announcement of Not the Actual Events, after recording a new album, Reznor usually assembles a live band to perform onstage with him. The touring band features a lineup that often rearranges songs to fit a live setting. On stage, Nine Inch Nails often employs visual elements to accompany performances, Nine Inch Nails has been nominated for thirteen Grammy Awards, and won twice for the songs Wish and Happiness in Slavery in 1992 and 1996, respectively. In 1997, Reznor appeared in Time magazines list of the years most influential people, in 2004, Rolling Stone placed Nine Inch Nails at 94 on its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. In 2014, Nine Inch Nails was named as nominees for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 2015, they were nominated a second time. Koster agreed and allowed Reznor to use it whenever it was empty, while completing the early recordings, Reznor was unable to find a band that could articulate the material as he desired. Instead, inspired by Prince, Reznor played all the instruments except drums himself and this role remains Reznors on most of the bands studio recordings, though he has occasionally involved other musicians and assistants. Nine Inch Nails debut was at the Phantasy Theater in Lakewood, in 1988, after playing its first shows supporting Skinny Puppy, Reznors ambition for Nine Inch Nails was to release one 12-inch single on a small European label. Several labels responded favorably to the material and Reznor signed with TVT Records. The overall sound on Purest Feeling is lighter than that of Pretty Hate Machine, several songs feature live drumming and guitar work throughout. Reznor coined the name Nine Inch Nails because it abbreviated easily, other rumored explanations have circulated, alleging that Reznor chose to reference Jesus crucifixion with nine-inch spikes, or Freddy Kruegers nine-inch fingernails. The English letters NIN are also noted for their resemblance to the modern Hebrew characters of the Tetragrammaton, the Nine Inch Nails logo, which consists of the letters set inside a border, was designed by Reznor and Gary Talpas. The logo first appeared on the video for Nine Inch Nails debut single, Down in It. Talpas, a native of Cleveland, would continue to design Nine Inch Nails packaging art until 1997, written, arranged, and performed by Reznor, Nine Inch Nails first album Pretty Hate Machine debuted in 1989. It marked his first collaboration with Adrian Sherwood and Mark Flood Ellis, Reznor asked Sean Beavan to mix the demos of Pretty Hate Machine, which had received multiple offers for record deals
34.
David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
35.
Frank Zappa
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Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers. He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his generation, as a self-taught composer and performer, Zappas diverse musical influences led him to create music that was sometimes difficult to categorize. While in his teens, he acquired a taste for 20th-century classical composers such as Edgard Varèse, Igor Stravinsky and he began writing classical music in high school, while at the same time playing drums in rhythm and blues bands, later switching to electric guitar. His 1966 debut album with the Mothers of Invention, Freak Out, combined songs in conventional rock and roll format with collective improvisations and studio-generated sound collages. He continued this eclectic and experimental approach, irrespective of whether the format was rock. Zappas output is unified by a conceptual continuity he termed Project/Object, with musical phrases, ideas. His lyrics reflected his views of established social and political processes, structures and movements. Unlike many other musicians of his era, he personally disapproved of and seldom used drugs. During Zappas lifetime, he was a productive and prolific artist, earning widespread acclaim from critics. He had some success, particularly in Europe, and worked as an independent artist for most of his career. He remains an influence on musicians and composers. His honors include an induction into the 1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the 1997 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him at number 71 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Zappa was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His mother, Rosemarie was of Italian and French ancestry, his father, whose name was Anglicized to Francis Vincent Zappa, was an immigrant from Partinico, Sicily, with Greek and Arab ancestry. Frank, the eldest of four children, was raised in an Italian-American household where Italian was often spoken by his grandparents, the family moved often because his father, a chemist and mathematician, worked in the defense industry. After a time in Florida in the 1940s, the returned to Maryland. Due to their homes proximity to the arsenal, which stored mustard gas, gas masks were kept in the home in case of an accident and this had a profound effect on Zappa, and references to germs, germ warfare and the defense industry occur throughout his work. Zappa was often sick as a child, suffering from asthma, earaches, a doctor treated his sinusitis by inserting a pellet of radium into each of Zappas nostrils
36.
Michael W. Smith
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Michael Whitaker Smith is an American musician, who has charted in both contemporary Christian and mainstream charts. His biggest success in music was in 1991 when Place in this World hit No.6 on the Billboard Hot 100. Over the course of his career, he has more than 18 million albums. Smith is a three-time Grammy Award winner, an American Music Award recipient and he also has recorded 31 No.1 Hit songs, fourteen gold albums, and five platinum albums. He has also starred in 2 films and published 13 books including This is Your Time, Michael Whitaker Smith was born to Paul and Barbara Smith in Kenova, West Virginia. His father was an oil refinery worker at the Ashland Oil Refinery, in nearby Catlettsburg and he inherited his love of baseball from his father, who had played in the minor leagues. As a child, he developed a love of music through his church and he learned piano at an early age and sang in his church choir. At the age of 10, he had a spiritual experience that led to his becoming a devout Christian. I wore this big cross around my neck, he would recall and he became involved in Bible study and found a group of older friends who shared his faith. After his older Christian friends moved away to college, Smith began to struggle with feelings of loneliness, after graduating from high school, he gravitated toward alcohol and drugs. He attended Marshall University while developing his skills but dropped out after one semester. He also played various local bands around Huntington, West Virginia. During that time, his friend Shane Keister, who worked as a musician in Nashville, encouraged him to move to Nashville, the Country Music capital. In 1978, Smith moved to Nashville, taking a job as a landscaper to support himself and he played with several local bands in the Nashville club scene. He also developed a problem with substance abuse, in November 1979, Smith suffered a breakdown that led to his recommitment to Christianity. The next day he auditioned for a new contemporary Christian music group, Higher Ground, as a keyboardist and his lead vocals were heard on much of CCM radio with the single, I Am. It was on his first tour with Higher Ground, playing mostly in churches, the following year, Smith began touring as a keyboardist for Grant on her Age to Age tour. He would eventually become Grants opening act and recorded his first Grammy-nominated solo album The Michael W. Smith Project in 1983 on the Reunion Records label and this album contained the first recording of his hit Friends, which he co-wrote with his wife Deborah
37.
Duncan Sheik
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Duncan Sheik is an American singer-songwriter and composer. Sheik practices Nichiren Buddhism and is a member of the US branch of the worldwide Buddhist association Soka Gakkai International, playing for other artists, including Liz and Lisa, Sheik also played on His Boy Elroys 1993 album through his connections from fellow Brown alum, Tracee Ellis Ross. He is the brother of Broadway actress Kacie Sheik. The popular track also enjoyed Top 20 success on Adult Contemporary radio, the song garnered a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. In 1998, Sheik released Humming, an experimental follow-up with string arrangements, in 2001, Sheik released Phantom Moon, a Nick Drake-influenced album which was a collaboration with poet and writer Steven Sater. In 2002, Sheik released Daylight, a brighter, more modern-sounding album which included the singles, On A High, in 2002, Sheik composed original music for the New York Shakespeare Festival production, Twelfth Night. In 2004, Sheik composed the score for A Home at the End of the World, in 2006, Sheik released White Limousine, an album which included companion software on a DVD-ROM to remix individual tracks. In 2006, Sheik wrote the music for Spring Awakening, another collaboration with Sater, written over a period of eight years, the musical, which premiered off-Broadway in New York during the summer, opened on Broadway to critical acclaim later in the fall. Based on the controversial German expressionist play, The Awakening of Spring by Frank Wedekind, in 2008, Sheik was a judge at the 7th annual Independent Music Awards. In 2009, Sheik released Whisper House, an album which provided the score for the musical of the same name. In 2011, Sheik released Covers 80s, which included covers of popular 1980s songs, concert dates in support of the album were later canceled due to Sheik seeking treatment for alcohol addiction. A remixed version of the album was released the following year, in 2012, Sheik wrote Alice By Heart, an adaptation of Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland, along with collaborator Sater. Directed by Jessie Nelson with musical direction by Lance Horne, the musical was workshopped at the Royal National Theatre and commissioned by the National Theatre Connections. In 2013, Sheik wrote the music and lyrics to the adaptation of American Psycho, which opened at the Almeida Theatre in London. That same year, Sheik wrote the music for the adaptation of the novel Because of Winn-Dixie. Dixie was a collaboration with director John Tartaglia and Nell Benjamin, the star is an Irish wolfhound trained and provided by William Berloni Theatrical Animals, Inc. If the show moves to Broadway, it will be the first play with a dog as the lead, in 2015, Sheik wrote the New York stage and film musical thriller Noir, along with collaborator Kyle Jarrow. Inspired by live radio plays and classic film noir, the musical was directed by Rachel Chavkin, in addition, Sheik released a new studio album, titled Legerdemain, in October of this year
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