1.
Jesse Root Grant
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Jesse Root Grant was a farmer, tanner and successful leather merchant who owned tanneries and retail shops in several different states throughout his adult life. He is best known as the father of Ulysses S. Grant, Jesse was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania and was one of seven children. Jesse was a made man who rose from poverty to become a wealthy merchant. At age five, Jesses family moved to Ohio and settled in the Ohio River Valley, unable to support all his children Jesses father arranged for his apprenticeship at farms and tanneries during his youth. Jesse married Hannah Simpson and they became the parents of three boys and three girls, with Ulysses being their oldest, as a young man he worked for and came to know Owen Brown and soon acquired strong abolitionist sympathies. He became involved in politics and was elected Mayor in Georgetown and later, Bethel. After a 70-day journey the party arrived at Massachusetts Bay colony in Nantasket and it was one of many Pilgrims of the Puritan movement who fled England to escape religious persecution. Later generations of the extended Grant family migrated westward into Pennsylvania, Ohio, Jesses grandfather fought in the French and Indian War, and his father, Noah Grant, served in the American Revolution at Bunker Hill. Noah Grant was married to his first wife, Anna Richardson, Noah later married his second wife, Rachael Kelly in 1792, who became Jesses mother with his birth in 1794. Jesse was born January 23,1794, Noah named Jesse after the Honorable Jesse Root, Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut. In 1799, Jesse at age five, Noah moved his family to East Liverpool, Noah worked in a shoe shop, earning a modest wage, in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. In 1805, at age 9, Jesses mother died, in Deerfield, with little income and unable to provide enough to support all his children, Noah Grant had the eleven year old Jesse apprenticed out to various families. Beginning in 1805, from 11 to 14 years old, Jesse worked in Ohio at undesignated farms earning his keep and he didnt receive a formal education in his youth and later through years of apprenticeship became self-taught in the ways of general education and business. Placing great value on the merits of education he vowed that his sons would not have to endure the same disadvantage, with no public schools in most of Ohio in the early 1800s, Jesse would later send his son Ulysses to private schools. In 1808 Jesses father arranged for his apprenticeship with a judge, George Tod, of Youngstown, Jesse, age 14, lived there with his oldest sibling, Susan, while he worked under an apprenticeship that lasted four years. At the Tod residence the young Grants were treated like one of the family, Jesse was sent to school three months a year, for two years. Among Jesses playmates was the young David Tod, who would later become Governor of Ohio during the Civil War, later in life Jesse often spoke of them in terms of affection and admiration. Working for the judge the uneducated Jesse soon learned to read and write and acquired an interest in politics, a year after his commencement into apprenticeship Jesses father Noah died, leaving him an orphan and the family very poor
2.
St. Louis
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St. Louis is an independent city and major U. S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. Prior to European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, in 1764, following Frances defeat in the Seven Years War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase, during the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States and it separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics, the economy of metro St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, trade, transportation of goods, and tourism. This city has become known for its growing medical, pharmaceutical. St. Louis has 2 professional sports teams, the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball, the city is commonly identified with the 630-foot tall Gateway Arch in Downtown St. Louis. The area that would become St. Louis was a center of the Native American Mississippian culture and their major regional center was at Cahokia Mounds, active from 900 AD to 1500 AD. Due to numerous major earthworks within St. Louis boundaries, the city was nicknamed as the Mound City and these mounds were mostly demolished during the citys development. Historic Native American tribes in the area included the Siouan-speaking Osage people, whose territory extended west, European exploration of the area was first recorded in 1673, when French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette traveled through the Mississippi River valley. Five years later, La Salle claimed the region for France as part of La Louisiane. The earliest European settlements in the area were built in Illinois Country on the east side of the Mississippi River during the 1690s and early 1700s at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, migrants from the French villages on the opposite side of the Mississippi River founded Ste. In early 1764, after France lost the 7 Years War, Pierre Laclède, the early French families built the citys economy on the fur trade with the Osage, as well as with more distant tribes along the Missouri River. The Chouteau brothers gained a monopoly from Spain on the fur trade with Santa Fe, French colonists used African slaves as domestic servants and workers in the city. In 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, St. Louis was attacked by British forces, mostly Native American allies, the founding of St. Louis began in 1763. Pierre Laclede led an expedition to set up a fur-trading post farther up the Mississippi River, before then, Laclede had been a very successful merchant. For this reason, he and his trading partner Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent were offered monopolies for six years of the fur trading in that area
3.
Los Altos, California
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Los Altos /lɔːs ˈæltoʊs/ is a city at the southern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, in the San Francisco Bay Area. The city is in Santa Clara County, California, United States, the population was 28,976 according to the 2010 census. Most of the growth occurred between 1950 and 1980. Originally an agricultural town with summer cottages and apricot orchards. Los Altos has several distinctive features, commercial zones are strictly limited to the downtown area and small shopping and office parks lining Foothill Expressway and El Camino Real. Homes and other real estate are costly in Los Altos, the median household income of Los Altos for 2009–2013 was $157,907. The median home listing price in 2016 was $3.6 million, in 2016, Forbes put Los Altos as the 8th and 46th most expensive ZIP codes in the United States. Los Altos means the heights in Spanish, the area was originally called Banks and Braes. Paul Shoup, an executive of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and his colleagues formed the Altos Land Company in 1906, the company acquired 140 acres of land from Sarah Winchester. Shoup wanted to link Palo Alto and Los Gatos by making Los Altos a commuter town and it continued a train a day operation to and from San Francisco. In 1908, Southern Pacific Railroad began running steam train service through Los Altos with five trains per day, two freight cars served as train depot. Also, the first commercial building, Eschenbruecher’s Hardware, was built in downtown, in 1913, the craftsman-style Los Altos train station was built at 288 First Street. By 1949, many residents were dissatisfied with the policy of Santa Clara county. Also, there was a constant threat of being annexed by neighboring Palo Alto and Mountain View, Los Altos became the eleventh city in Santa Clara county on December 1,1952. Train service stopped its operation in January,1964, and the track became Foothill Expressway. In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, along with others including Ronald Wayne, Jobs, Wozniak, and Wayne founded Apple Computer, Inc on 1 April 1976. Los Altos is located at 37°22′5″N 122°5′51″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.487 square miles. Los Altos is crossed by three creeks that flow north to San Francisco Bay, Adobe Creek on its boundary, Stevens Creek on its eastern boundary
4.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
5.
Frederick Tracy Dent
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Frederick Tracy Dent was an American general. Born in White Haven, St. Louis County, Missouri, one of Dents classmates was Ulysses S. Grant, who married Dents sister Julia. The children of Ulysses and Julia Grant included Dents namesake, Frederick Dent Grant. He served for 16 years on duty, taking part in the Yakima War. In March 1864 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and became aide-de-camp to General Grant, eventually, President Andrew Johnson submitted the nomination on January 13,1866 and the U. S. Senate confirmed it on February 23,1866. Dent was mustered out of the Union Army volunteer force on April 30,1866, from 1869 to 1873 he served as a military secretary to President Grant. He commanded Fort Trumbull, Conn. in 1875 and the post of St. Augustine in 1881 and he retired in 1883 and lived first in Washington, D. C. and later in Denver, Colorado, where one of his sons practiced law. He died in Denver on December 23,1892, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Section 2, Eicher, John H. and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. This article incorporates text from a now in the public domain, Gilman. Thurston, H. T. Colby, F. M. eds, Arlington Cemetery Frederick Tracy Dent at Aztec Club
6.
Frederick Dent Grant
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Frederick Dent Grant was a soldier and United States minister to Austria-Hungary. Grant was the first son of General of the Army and President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant and he was named after his uncle, Frederick Tracy Dent. The Grant family came from a line of Scottish and Irish heritage and his father was in the United States Army when Frederick was born in St. Louis, Missouri. The family moved as the senior Grant was assigned to posts in Michigan, Frederick spent his early childhood at his paternal grandparents house while his father was stationed on the West Coast. After his fathers resignation from the army, the family lived in St. Louis and in Galena and he attended public school in Galena until the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. Grants father organized a regiment and was made colonel. Frederick accompanied his father when the regiment was sent to northern Missouri and he then rejoined his father off and on at several campaigns during the war. Grant was appointed to West Point in 1866 and graduated in 1871 and he was assigned to the 4th U. S. Cavalry Regiment. He took a leave of absence to work with the Union Pacific Railroad as a civil engineer, late in 1871, he was aide-de-camp to General William Tecumseh Sherman in Europe. He rejoined the 4th Cavalry in Texas in 1872, in 1873, he was assigned to the staff of General Philip Sheridan and promoted to lieutenant colonel. He was on the Yellowstone Expedition and was with George Armstrong Custer during the Black Hills expedition, in 1874, Grant married Ida Marie Honoré, the daughter of Henry Hamilton Honoré, who made his fortune in Chicago real estate. They were married in Chicago and had two children, Julia Dent Cantacuzène Spiransky-Grant and Ulysses S. Grant III and his daughter Julia was born on June 6,1876. Grant received leave to travel to Washington, D. C. for her birth, in 1877, he took a leave of absence to accompany his father on a trip around the world. In 1878, Grant was in the Bannock War and was in the fight against Victorio in New Mexico, on June 1,1870, the first black cadet, James Webster Smith, from South Carolina, was admitted into the United States Military Academy. Smith was sponsored by Senator Adelbert Ames of Mississippi and nominated by Representative Solomon L. Hoge of South Carolina, Smith was hand picked for his outstanding character and scholarly ability by David Clark, a northern philanthropist. While at West Point, Smith was forced to endure immense racism, violence, smiths harassers included Frederick Dent Grant, a fellow cadet. The instigators, including Fred, were intent on driving Smith from the Academy, Smith wrote to Clark about the racial hazing, whereupon Clark went to the White House to talk with President Grant. Fred was also at the meeting between Clark and the President, Clark advocated that Grant stop the hazing
7.
Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
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Ulysses Simpson Buck Grant Jr. was an American attorney and entrepreneur. He was the son of President Ulysses S. Grant. Grant was born in Bethel, Ohio on July 22,1852 and he graduated from Harvard University in 1874 and Columbia Law School in 1876. He served as secretary to his father while he was president. Grant then worked in practice and became wealthy. He partnered in a banking and brokerage firm with Ferdinand Ward, Grant and his father each put $100,000 in the firm and asked veterans and millionaires to invest. The Grants thought that they would share one-half of the profits from the firm, the firm went bankrupt, and the Grants lost everything. Ward was convicted of fraud and served over 6 years in prison, when Buck was back on his feet financially, he bought Merryweather Farm in Salem Center, Westchester County, New York. Grants mother suggested moving to California and his younger brother, Jesse Root Grant, was already living in San Diego. The Grants moved into a house in San Diego in 1893. Grant set up a law practice, then gave it up to invest in real estate and he purchased property throughout San Diego. In 1895, he bought the Horton House hotel and he wanted to run the hotel and name it after his father. In 1905, he razed the old hotel and built a new one, San Diego voters helped finance $700,000 for the $1.5 million needed to construct the hotel after Grant lacked the funds to do so. During his time in San Diego, Grant became an associate of Charles T. Hinde. Hinde and Grant served on the boards of directors of banks and invested in many companies. Grant continued to speculate in real estate and he also became a leading citizen, who pushed for the creation of a city park, that would become Balboa Park. Grant was a delegate-at-large for California at the Republican National Conventions in 1896 and 1900 and he was also an elector for California in the 1904 and 1908 presidential elections. In 1880, Grant married Fannie Josephine Chaffee, daughter of Jerome B and they had five children, Miriam, Chaffee, Julia, Fannie, and Ulysses IV
8.
Nellie Grant
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Nellie Grant was the third child and only daughter of U. S. President Ulysses S. Grant and First Lady Julia Grant. Born near St. Louis, Missouri, she was first named Julia, at the insistence of her father and she died on August 30,1922 at age 67. They lived together in England for a time but later separated, sartoris died in 1893, leaving her a wealthy young widow. She married a second time to Frank Hatch Jones a lawyer originally from Springfield who lived in Chicago, at the time of her fathers death, she was honored with a popular poem Nellie by the writer Eugene Field. Upon her own death, her remains were buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, catton, Bruce, Grant Takes Command, Little, Brown and Company,1968, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J. Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press,2001, garland, Hamlin, Ulysses S. Grant, His Life and Character, Macmillan Company,1898. Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86, lewis, Lloyd, Captain Sam Grant, Little, Brown, and Co. McFeely, William S. Grant, A Biography, W. W. Norton & Co,1981, mcPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom, The Civil War Era, Oxford University Press,1988, ISBN 0-19-503863-0. Simpson, Brooks D. Ulysses S. Grant, Triumph Over Adversity, 1822-1865, Houghton Mifflin,2000, smith, Jean Edward, Grant, Simon and Schuster,2001, ISBN 0-684-84927-5. Nothing but Victory, The Army of the Tennessee,1861 –1865, Alfred A. Knopf,2005, commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff. United States Army Center of Military History
9.
Ulysses S. Grant III
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Ulysses Simpson Grant III was a United States Army officer and planner. He was the son of Frederick Dent Grant, and the grandson of General of the Army, Grant was born in Chicago, as a grandson of famous American Civil Wars General Ulysses S. Grant and educated in Austria, where his father was an American diplomat. He attended Columbia University until 1898 when he received an appointment to West Point and he graduated sixth in his class in 1903. After his graduation from West Point, Grant was assigned to the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army and he also served in the General Staff Corps from 1917 to 1920 and again from 1936 to 1940. In 1904 Grant served as an aide to President Theodore Roosevelt, Grant met his future wife while he was at the White House. In 1907, Grant married Edith Root, the daughter of Elihu Root and they had three daughters, Edith, Clara Frances, and Julia. During World War I, Grant was promoted to major, from 1918–19, Major Grant served on the staff of General Tasker H. Bliss, the United States representative at the Supreme War Council at Versailles. Grant was the secretary of the American section, in 1918, he assisted in the treaty negotiations with Germany regarding the treatment of prisoners of war. In 1919, Grant served on President Woodrow Wilsons commission to negotiate peace in Paris, after the war, Grant returned to the United States and was the district engineer of the 2nd Engineer District in San Francisco. While in California, Grant also served on the California Debris Commission, on August 28,1923, Grant made his first visit to the Sierra Nevada. The superintendent of General Grant National Park invited Grant to see the park named after Grants grandfather, Grant visited the General Grant Grove and the General Grant tree, a Giant Sequoia. By 1923, Grant went to Washington, D. C. and was the officer of the Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission. In 1925, he was director of the newly created Office of Public Buildings, by 1927 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and was appointed as a co-director of the bicentennial celebration of the birth of George Washington. As the director of the parks in Washington, Grant also supervised the United States Park Police, Grant expanded the police, instituted plain-clothes patrols, and modernized the force with the addition of motorcycles and automobiles. Later, in 1928, Grant ordered the police to crack down on late-night petters in the parks, in 1934, he graduated from the Army War College. He commanded the 1st Engineer Regiment at Fort DuPont, Delaware and he was a full colonel by this time. While in New York, Grant, his wife, and her siblings and their spouses were present at the bedside of his father-in-law, Elihu Root, in 1940, Grant was division engineer for the Great Lakes Engineer Division, headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. He was promoted to brigadier general, from 1941 to mid 1942, he commanded the Engineer Replacement Training Center at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri
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