Gonda district
Gonda district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city of Gonda is the district headquarters, the administrative centre for the Devipatan Division. With an area of 3,404 square kilometres, Gonda has borders with Shrawasti district to the north and Siddharthnagar districts to the northeast, Basti district to the east, Faizabad district to the south, Bara Banki district to the southwest, Bahraich district to the northwest; the district lies between 26 ° 47' and 81 ° 30' and 82 ° 46' east longitude. The territory covered by the present district of Gonda formed part of the ancient Kosala Kingdom. After the going of lord Rama, the celebrated sovereign of the Solar line who ruled Kosala, the kingdom was divided into two portions defined by the Ghaghara river; the northern portion was ruled by his son, Lava with the city of Sravasti as his capital. More ancient Buddhist remains dating to the early days of Buddhism have been found throughout the region, including at Sravasti. Gonda played a significant part in the Indian struggle for independence, with many people from the region involved: including Maharaja Aksh Valmikan, who escaped to Nepal, freedom fighters like Sh.
Chandra Shekhar Azad took shelter in the district, Rajendra Lahiri was incarcerated and hanged in the Gonda Jail. India's 5th president Hon'ble Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was educated at the Government High School in Gonda district. In more recent times, the district received media attention throughout India due to the protracted court case surrounding the murder of 13 people known as the 1982 Gonda Encounter. There are rice mills and many other small industries and handicraft industry. One of the India's six Indian Telephone Industries is situated at Mankapur, the largest sugar mill in India is situated at Kundarkhi. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Gonda one of the country's 250 most backward districts, it is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. According to the 2011 census Gonda district has a population of 3,433,919 equal to the nation of Panama or the US state of Connecticut; this gives it a ranking of 95th in India.
The district has a population density of 857 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.17%, higher than the average of Uttar Pradesh. Gonda has a sex ratio of 921 females for every 1000 males, a sex ratio among children 0–6 years old of 926, both higher than the state average; the human development index of the Gonda district is low. Languages spoken in the district include Awadhi, a tongue of the Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people in the Awadh region; the literacy rate is 58.71%, much behind the state average. The backwardness of the region and slow developmental rate is reflected by literacy gap of 23.10% in the district as compared to 19.98% gap for the state. The government of India has created a special scheme for such district through the backward region grant fund. Gonda is one of the recipients of this fund; the primary schools of Gonda District are functioning well, which provides a path to raising the education standard of the district.
All colleges of Gonda are affiliated with Faizabad University. Meena Shah Degree College - First Regular Profession Degree College of Gonda City. Generation Next Place For Computer Education Gonda City. Baba Gayadeen Vaidya Babu Ram Mahavidyalaya Baikunth Nath Mahavidyalaya Bhagirathi Singh Memorial Mahavidyalaya, Gonda Chandra Shekhar Shyamraji Mahavidyalaya Dashrath Singh Memorial Mahavidyalay Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Mahavidyalaya Hakikullah Chaudhary Mahavidyalaya Jagdamba Sharan Singh Educational Institute Kamta Prasad Mathura Prasad Janta Mahavidyalaya Kisan Degree College L. B. S. Mahavidyalaya Lakhan Lal Sharan Singh Mahavidyalaya Maa Gayatri Ram Sukh Pandey Mahavidyalaya Mahakavi Tulsidas Mahavidyalaya Nandini Nagar Mahavidyalaya Nawabgang Nandini Nagar Vidhi Mahavidyalaya Nawabgang Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gramoday Mahavidyalaya Pt. Jag Narain Shukla Gramoday Mahavidyalaya Pt. Ram Dutt Shukla Mahavidyalaya Raghoram Diwakar Dutt Gyanoday Mahavidyalaya Raja Raghuraj Singh Mahavidyalaya Mankapur Ram Nath Memorial Mahavidyalaya Ravindra Singh Memorial Mahavidyalaya Saraswati Devi Nari Gyansthali Mahavidyalaya Sardar Mohar Singh Memorial Mahila Mahavidyalaya Mankapur Saryu Degree College situated in tehshil Colonelganj of Gonda district.
Smt. J. Devi Mahila Mahavidyalaya Sri Raghukul Mahila Vidyapeeth Subhash Chandra Bose Memorial MahavidyalayaVipin Bihari Sharan Singh Mahavidyalaya Tarabganj Gonda India Guru Vashishth Mahavidyalaya Mankapur GONDA Gonda has 15 hospitals, 27 Ayurvedic hospitals, 11 Homeopathic hospitals and 2 Unani hospitals, in addition to 66 Government Primary Health Centres. Gonda is one of the districts in the list of top 100 districts in order of Infant Mortality Rate in 2011 census data, it comes in the top 57 districts with the highest maternal mortality rateGonda has been listed as the dirtiest city in India according to the Swachh Sarvekshan 2017. Official website Alternative Web Site Of the Gonda District Gonda District at The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908, v. 12, p. 311-319
Barabanki district
Barabanki district is one of four districts of Ayodhya division, lies at the heart of Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh state of India, forms as it were a centre from which no less than seven other districts radiate. It is situated between 27°19' and 26°30' north latitude, 80°05' and 81°51’ east longitude. With its most northern point it impinges on the Sitapur district, while its north-eastern boundary is washed by the waters of the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of Bahraich district and Gonda district, its eastern frontier marches with Faizabad district, the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the Sultanpur district. On the west it adjoins the Lucknow district; the extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at 57 miles, the extreme breadth at 58 mi. Barabanki city is the district headquarters; the district under British rule had an area of 1,769 sq mi. In 1856 it came, under British rule. During the Sepoy war of 1857-1858 the whole of the Barabanki talukdars joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance after the capture of Lucknow.
It stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clayey and produces finer crops; the district is well fed by rivers Ghaghra and Kalyani and their tributaries, for the major part of the year. Some rivers dry out in the summer, get flooded during the rainy season; the changing course of the river Ghagra changes the land area in the district, year to year. The principal crops are rice, wheat and other food grains and sugarcane. Trade in agricultural produce is active. Both the bordering rivers are navigable, it has good road connectivity including National Highways NH 28, State Highways and various link roads. The district was known before the Muslim conquest as Jasnaul, from Jas, a raja of the Bharpasi tribe, said to have founded it before 1000 AD. With a change of proprietors came a change of name; the Muslim owners divided the lands into twelve shares, over which the respective proprietors quarrelled so incessantly that they were called the Barah Banke, or twelve quarrelsome men.
Banka, in Awadhi, meaning a bully or brave. Others derive the name from ban, meaning wood or jungle, interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle. Parijaat tree a sacred baobab tree in the village of Kintoor on the banks of Ghaghra. Located near the Kunteshwar Mahadeva temple, the tree is said to grow from Kunti's ashes; the tree is old. Greater part of Barabanki was included in Pachhimrath country, one of the five divisions of the kingdom of Rama. Before 1000 AD, Jas, a raja of the Bharpasi tribe is said to have founded the locality of Jasnaul which after the Muslim conquest of the region, came to be known as Bara Banki or Barabanki; the Muslims had made their first permanent settlement in this district at Satrikh, in 421 AH. / 1030 AD. Sihali, was conquered, its sovereign, a Siharia Chhattri, was killed. Kintur was captured, its Bhar queen, Kintama slain; the battle in which bhar-pasi chief Sohil Deo of Sahet-Mahet a small northern kingdom was subversed by Sri Chandradeo, the Rathor monarch of Kannauj was fought in Satrikh village of the district.
In 1049 AD / 441 AH, the Kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were defeated and driven from Oudh by Qutub-ud-din of Medina. The Muslim invasion was more successful in Bara Banki than elsewhere. In 586 AH. / 1189 AD, Sihali was conquered by Shekh Nizam-ud-din of Herat, Ansari. Zaidpur was occupied by them in 636 AH, when Sayyad Abd-ul-Wahid turned out the Bhar-pasi, altering the name of the town from Suhalpur; the colony of Musalman Bhattis is reported to have arrived about the same time, although some place it as early as 596 AH. / 1199 AD. They settled at Mawai Maholara. After 1350 AD Muslim immigrants started to settle in great number in the district until nearly to middle of eighteenth century. At the Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh. Rudauli was occupied about 700 AH, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had just about the same time destroyed Anhalwara, Dcogir, Jessulmere, Bundi, in fact nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350 AD / 756 AH.
Daryabad was founded by Dariab Khan Subahdar. Fatehpur was colonized by Fateh Khan, a brother of Dariab Khan, about the same time; the villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied, gave their name to large estates about the middle of the fifteenth century. However, with this latter immigration of the Muslims there was one of Chhattris; the mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450 AD. Raja Achal Singh is a great name in the Middle Ages of Oudh. At this time Ibrahim Shah Sharqi, reigned at Jaunpur. Oudh was the battle ground—the border land between Sharqis of Jaunpur and the Lo
India
India known as the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by area and with more than 1.3 billion people, it is the second most populous country as well as the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia; the Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE. In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, Buddhism and Jainism arose. Early political consolidations took place under the Gupta empires. In the medieval era, Zoroastrianism and Islam arrived, Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture.
Much of the north fell to the Delhi Sultanate. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire. In the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, in the mid-19th under British Crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance and led to India's independence in 1947. In 2017, the Indian economy was the world's sixth largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the second largest standing army in the world and ranks fifth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal republic governed under a parliamentary system and consists of 29 states and 7 union territories.
A pluralistic and multi-ethnic society, it is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindush, equivalent to the Sanskrit word Sindhu, the historical local appellation for the Indus River; the ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as "The people of the Indus". The geographical term Bharat, recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations, it is a modernisation of the historical name Bharatavarsha, which traditionally referred to the Indian subcontinent and gained increasing currency from the mid-19th century as a native name for India. Hindustan is a Middle Persian name for India, it was introduced into India by the Mughals and used since then. Its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety; the name may refer to either the northern part of India or the entire country.
The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to about 30,000 years ago. Nearly contemporaneous human rock art sites have been found in many parts of the Indian subcontinent, including at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh. After 6500 BCE, evidence for domestication of food crops and animals, construction of permanent structures, storage of agricultural surplus, appeared in Mehrgarh and other sites in what is now Balochistan; these developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation, the first urban culture in South Asia, which flourished during 2500–1900 BCE in what is now Pakistan and western India. Centred around cities such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa and Kalibangan, relying on varied forms of subsistence, the civilization engaged robustly in crafts production and wide-ranging trade. During the period 2000–500 BCE, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic cultures to the Iron Age ones; the Vedas, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism, were composed during this period, historians have analysed these to posit a Vedic culture in the Punjab region and the upper Gangetic Plain.
Most historians consider this period to have encompassed several waves of Indo-Aryan migration into the subcontinent from the north-west. The caste system, which created a hierarchy of priests and free peasants, but which excluded indigenous peoples by labeling their occupations impure, arose during this period. On the Deccan Plateau, archaeological evidence from this period suggests the existence of a chiefdom stage of political organisation. In South India, a progression to sedentary life is indicated by the large number of megalithic monuments dating from this period, as well as by nearby traces of agriculture, irrigation tanks, craft traditions. In the late Vedic period, around the 6th century BCE, the small states and chiefdoms of the Ganges Plain and the north-western regions had consolidated into 16 major oligarchies and monarchies that were known as the mahajanapadas; the emerging urbanisation gave rise to non-Vedic religious movements, two of which became independent religions. Jainism came into prominence during the life of Mahavira.
Buddhism, based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, attracted followers from all social classes excepting the middle
Jhansi
Jhansi is a historic city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme south of Uttar Pradesh. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi division. Called the Gateway to Bundelkhand, Jhansi is situated between the rivers Pahuj and Betwa at an average elevation of 285 metres, it is about 415 kilometres from New Delhi and 99 kilometres south of Gwalior. The original walled city grew around its stone fort; the ancient name of the city was Balwantnagar. From 1817 to 1854, Jhansi was the capital of the princely state of Jhansi, ruled by Gurjar rajas; the state was annexed by the British Governor General in 1854. Jhansi is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by railway networks; the National Highways Development Project has supported development of Jhansi. Srinagar to Kanyakumari North-South corridor passes through Jhansi. Jhansi was adjudged the third cleanest city of Uttar Pradesh and the fastest moving city in the North Zone in Swachh Survekshan 2018 rankings.
A greenfield airport development has been planned. On 28 August 2015, Jhansi was selected among 98 cities for smart city initiative by Government of India. According to the legend the Raja of Orchha was sitting on the roof of his palace with his friend, the Raja of Jaitpur, asked the latter whether he could discern this new fort that he had built on Bangara hill, he replied that he could see it'jhainsi'; this name'Jhansi' in course of time became corrupted to'Jhansi'. It was one of the most strategically situated forts of central India being built on an elevated rock rising out of the plain and commanding the city and the surrounding country. In the 18th century, the town of Jhansi served as the capital of a Maratha province and the Princely State of Jhansi from 1804 till 1853, when the territory became a part of British India. According to the 2011 census, Jhansi has a population of 1,998,603, its urban agglomeration a population of 547,638; the literacy rate of Jhansi is 83.02%, higher than the state average of 67.68%.
The sex ratio is 890 females for every 1000 males. Jhansi city has 231st rank according to the 2011 census. According to the Indian Census of 2001 there were 21,917 people in Jhansi Cantonment, of whom 56% were male and 44% female; the rate of literacy was 80%. Jhansi is located at 25.4333 N 78.5833 E. It has an average elevation of 284 metres. Jhansi lies on the plateau of central India, an area dominated by rocky relief and minerals underneath the soil; the city has a natural slope in the north as it is on the south western border of the vast Tarai plains of Uttar Pradesh and the elevation rises on the south. The land is suitable for species of citrus fruit and crops include wheat, pulses and oilseeds; the region relies on Monsoon the rains for irrigation purposes. Under an ambitious canal project, the government is constructing a network of canals for irrigation in Jhansi and Lalitpur and some part of Madhya Pradesh; the trade in agricultural products is of great economic importance. The city is a centre of brassware manufacture.
Being on a rocky plateau, Jhansi experiences extreme temperatures. Winter begins in October with peaks in mid-December; the mercury reads about 4 degrees minimum and 21 degrees maximum. Spring is a short-lived phase of transition. Summer begins by April and summer temperatures can peak at 47 degrees in May; the rainy season starts by the third week of June. Monsoon rains weaken in September and the season ends by the last week of September. In the rainy season, the average daily high temperature hovers around 36 degrees Celsius with high humidity; the average rainfall for the city is about 900 mm per year, occurring entirely within the three-and-a-half months of the Southwest Monsoon. In summer Jhansi experiences temperatures as high as 45-47 degrees and in winter the temperatures fall as low as 0-1 degrees; the early 17th century fort was made by Raja Bir Singh on top of a hill known as Bangara as an army stronghold. The Karak Bijli cannon is in the fort. There is a museum nearby which has a collection of sculpture and provides an insight into the history of Bundelkhand.
Extending over 15 acres, this fort is a great example of the north Indian style of architecture. In the Government Museum there are collections of weapons, statues and photographs that represent the Chandela dynasty and a picture gallery of the Gupta period. There are terracottas, manuscripts and coins; the Government Museum keep the belonging of the Rani of Jhansi, for example: her sword and utensils. The museum is closed on the second Saturday of every month; the Rani Mahal has now been converted into a museum. It houses a collection of archaeological remains of the period between the 9th and 12th centuries AD; this is most popular jain Mandir. Shri Karguvanji Atishaya Kshetra is the only 5 km ahead from Jhansi city opposite Gate No. 2 of Medical College in the valley of Karguvan Village on Jhansi–Kanpur Road, Kshetra
Jalaun district
Jalaun district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India. The district is named after town of Jalaun, the former headquarters of a Maratha governor, but the administrative headquarters of the district is at Orai. Other large towns in the district are Konch and Madhogarh. Jalaun District is a part of Jhansi Division; the district has an area of 4565 km², a population of 16,89,974, with a population density of 370 persons per km². The district lies within the level plain of Bundelkhand, north of the hill country, is surrounded by the Yamuna River, which forms the northern boundary of the district, its tributaries the Betwa, which forms the southern boundary of the district, the Pahuj, which forms the western boundary; the central region thus enclosed is a dead level of cultivated land destitute of trees, dotted with villages. The southern portion presents an unbroken sheet of cultivation; the Non River flows through the centre of the district, which it drains by innumerable small ravines. The districts of Etawah and Kanpur lie to the north across the Yamuna, while Hamirpur District lies to the east and southeast, Jhansi District lies to the southeast, Bhind District of Madhya Pradesh lies to the west cross the Pahuj.
The district has been under severe drought for the last four years with the average rainfall being about 399 mm, way behind the average of about 800 mm. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Jalaun one of the country's 250 most backward districts, it is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. According to the 2011 census Jalaun district has a population of 1,670,718 equal to the nation of Guinea-Bissau or the US state of Idaho; this gives it a ranking of 296th in India. The district has a population density of 366 inhabitants per square kilometre, its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.87%. Jalaun has a sex ratio of 865 females for every 1000 males, a literacy rate of 75.16%. Largest city in the district is Orai, followed by Konch as per report released by Census, 2011. Government Medical College, Jalaun is a government medical college located in Orai of Jalaun district. Jagmanpur, Kanar Jalaun District on Bundelkhanddarshan.com Official website
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Gwalior and Sagar being the other major cities. Nicknamed the "Heart of India" due to its geographical location, Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents, it borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, Rajasthan to the northwest. Its total area is 308,252 km2. Before 2000, when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state and Konta, was 1500 km. Konta is presently in Sukma district of Chhattisgarh state; the area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada, whose capital Ujjain arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE.
Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India. By the early 18th century, the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency. After India's independence, Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's Maharashtra. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the Bombay State; this state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state. Rich in mineral resources, MP has the largest reserves of copper in India. More than 30% of its area is under forest cover, its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in 2010–11.
In recent years, the state's GDP growth has been above the national average. Isolated remains of Homo erectus found in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley indicate that Madhya Pradesh might have been inhabited in the Middle Pleistocene era. Painted pottery dated to the mesolithic period has been found in the Bhimbetka rock shelters. Chalcolithic sites belonging to Kayatha culture and Malwa culture have been discovered in the western part of the state; the city of Ujjain arose as a major centre in the region, during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. It served as the capital of the Avanti kingdom Tejas. Other kingdoms mentioned in ancient epics—Malava, Karusha and Nishada—have been identified with parts of Madhya Pradesh. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India around 320 BCE, establishing the tejas Mauryan Empire, which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. Ashoka the greatest of Mauryan rulers brought the region under firmer control. After the decline of the Maurya empire, the region was contested among the Sakas, the Kushanas, the Satavahanas, several local dynasties during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE.
Heliodorus, the Greek Ambassador to the court of the Shunga king Bhagabhadra erected the Heliodorus pillar near Vidisha. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial centre of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports; the Satavahana dynasty of the northern Deccan and the Saka dynasty of the Western Satraps fought for the control of Madhya Pradesh during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. The Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satakarni inflicted a crushing defeat upon the Saka rulers and conquered parts of Malwa and Gujarat in the 2nd century CE. Subsequently, the region came under the control of the Gupta empire in the 4th and 5th centuries, their southern neighbours, the Vakataka's; the rock-cut temples at Bagh Caves in the Kukshi tehsil of the Dhar district attest to the presence of the Gupta dynasty in the region, supported by the testimony of a Badwani inscription dated to the year of 487 CE. The attacks of the Hephthalites or White Huns brought about the collapse of the Gupta empire, which broke up into smaller states.
The king Yasodharman of Malwa defeated the Huns in 528. Harsha ruled the northern parts of the state. Malwa was ruled by the south Indian Rashtrakuta Dynasty from the late 8th century to the 10th century; when the south Indian Emperor Govinda III of the Rashtrakuta dynasty annexed Malwa, he set up the family of one of his subordinates there, who took the name of Paramara. The Medieval period saw the rise of the Rajput clans, including the Paramaras of Malwa and the Chandelas of Bundelkhand; the Chandellas built the majestic Hindu-Jain temples at Khajuraho, which represent the culmination of Hindu temple architecture in Central India. The Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty held sway in northern and western Madhya Pradesh at this time, it left some monuments of architectural value in Gwalior. Southern parts of Madhya Pradesh like Malwa were several times invaded by the south Indian Western Chalukya Empire which imposed its rule on the Paramara kingdom of Malwa; the Paramara king Bhoja was a renowned polymath.
The small Gond kingdoms emerged in the Mahakoshal regions of the state. Northern Madhya Pradesh was conquered by the Turkic Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century. After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate at the end of the 14th century, independent regional kingdoms re-emerged, including the Tomara kingdom of Gwalior and the Muslim
Shravasti district
Shravasti district is one of the districts of the Uttar Pradesh state of India and Bhinga town is district headquarters. Shravasti district is a part of Devipatan Division. According to Government of India, the district Shravasti is one of the minority concentrated district in India on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators. Shrawasti, the north-eastern town of Uttar Pradesh, is located near the West Rapti River; this town is associated with the life of Gautama Buddha, believed to have spent 24 Chaturmases here. Age-old stupas, majestic viharas and several temples near the village of "Sahet-Mahet" establish Buddha's association with Shravasti. According to Nagarjuna, the city had a population of 900,000 in 5th century BCE and it overshadowed Magadha's capital, Rajgir; as mentioned in the'Bruhatkalpa' and various Kalpas of the fourteenth century, the name of the city was Mahid. There are subsequent, it is mentioned that a vast fort covered this city in which there were many temples having idols of Devkulikas.
Today a great rampart of brick surrounds this city. During excavation in'Sahet-Mahet' near Shravasti City, many ancient idols and inscriptions were found, they are now kept in museums of Lucknow. At present, the archaeological department of the Indian Government is doing excavation to perform allied research; the district Shrawasti is one of the new districts of Uttar Pradesh carved out from the district Bahraich. It came into existence in May 1997. Shravasti—part of historic Awadh—was carved out from Gonda district on the south and Bahraich on the west. Shrawasti borders Balrampur on the east, Nepal's districts Dang-Deukhuri to the northeast and Banke district nepal to the northwest. Shravasti district headquarters Bhinga is about 170 kilometres from Lucknow the state capital. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Shravasti one of the country's 250 most backward districts, it is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. According to the 2011 census Shravasti district has a population of 1,117,361 equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Rhode Island.
This gives it a ranking of 414th in India. The district has a population density of 681 inhabitants per square kilometre, its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was -5.25%. Shrawasti has a sex ratio of 881 females for every 1000 males, a literacy rate of 46.74%. Male literacy rate is 57.16% while that of female is 34.78%. 96.54% of district's population lives in rural areas. 0.11% of the total population of the district lives on footpath or without any roof cover. According to the 2011 Census, Hindus form majority in the district with a population of 68.79% of the total population. Remaining population is overwhelmingly Muslim. However, in the most populous town of Bhinga, Muslims are in majority with the population of 56.95% of the total town population. Shravasti picture gallery on Facebook Shravasti Video
