1.
Iowa Secretary of State
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The Iowa Secretary of State is a constitutional officer of the U. S. state of Iowa and is elected every four years. The Office of the Secretary of State is divided into four divisions, Elections and Voter Registration, Business Services, Administrative Services, Elections and Voter Registration deals with supervising the 99 county auditors, elections, and voter registration. The division of the helps the county auditors in telling them which election practices work best. The division also helps in increasing voter registration, the Business Services Division is a records center for businesses in Iowa. The Secretary of States office is housed in the Lucas State Office Building in Des Moines, list of company registers Official Site Office of the Secretary of State Iowa Official Register 2005-2006 History of the Office
2.
Frank D. Jackson
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Frank Darr Jackson was the 15th Governor of Iowa, serving one term from 1894 to 1896. Jackson attended Iowa Agricultural College and the University of Iowa Law School and he was admitted to the bar in 1875 and practiced law in Greene, Iowa. From 1885 to 1891, he was Iowa Secretary of State and he was elected Governor as a Republican in 1893, defeating incumbent Horace Boies, but did not seek reelection after his single two-year term. Jackson resumed his position as president of the Royal Union Life Insurance Company, and then retired to California, media related to Frank Darr Jackson at Wikimedia Commons Honored by Iowa Democrats, The New York Times, September 5,1893
3.
William Larrabee (Iowa)
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William Larrabee was an American Republican politician from Iowa. He served as the 13th Governor of Iowa from 1886 until 1890, Larrabee was born in Ledyard, Connecticut, into a family of French Huguenot extraction. His father, Adam Larrabee, was a West Point graduate and an accomplished soldier, Larrabee was the seventh of nine children, and grew up on his fathers Connecticut farm. He was educated in schools until the age of 19. At around age 15 Larrabee lost the eyesight in his eye after a gun he was holding accidentally discharged. As a result, he was unfit for many careers available to men of his class in New England. Larrabee chose to become a teacher, in 1853, at age 21, he moved to Iowa following an older sister in search of opportunity. In Iowa, Larrabee taught school for a few years, but soon after his arrival established himself as a miller, banker. He attempted to enlist at the outbreak of the Civil War, Larrabee prospered in business and eventually became of one of the biggest landowners in the state. Larrabee entered politics in 1867, having bypassed local politics and he was elected to the Iowa Senate as a Republican, after helping organize the newly created party in Iowa. Larrabee was reelected many times, sometimes without even nominal Democratic opposition, while a legislator, Larrabee served on several committees, and eventually came to chair the influential Ways and Means committee. He was elected as Governor in 1885 succeeding Buren R. Sherman, the byline of his first campaign was a schoolhouse on every hill and no saloons in the valley. In the general election he faced Democrat Charles Whiting, who attempted to portray Larrabee as an unredeemed capitalist, the election was relatively close, but Larrabee won with 175,504 votes to Whitings 168,502. After serving two terms as governor, Larrabee retired to Montauk, his mansion in Clermont. He served in several public roles after retiring. At the end of his life he supported Theodore Roosevelt and the Bull Moose faction of the Republican party, Larrabee married Anna Matilda Appleman on September 12,1861. The Larrabees had seven children, Charles, Augusta, Julia, Anna, William Jr. Frederic, Julia married Don Lathrop Love, future Republican mayor of Lincoln, Nebraska. Larrabee had a library and was fond of reading
4.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
5.
Iowa
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Iowa is a U. S. state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River on the east and the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west. Surrounding states include Wisconsin and Illinois to the east, Missouri to the south, Nebraska and South Dakota to the west, in colonial times, Iowa was a part of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana, its state flag is patterned after the flag of France. After the Louisiana Purchase, people laid the foundation for an economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is the 26th most extensive in area and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city by population is Des Moines, Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live. Its nickname is the Hawkeye State, Iowa derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many Native American tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east, the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west, Iowa is the only state whose east and west borders are formed entirely by rivers. Iowa has 99 counties, but 100 county seats because Lee County has two, the state capital, Des Moines, is in Polk County. Iowas bedrock geology generally increases in age from west to east, in northwest Iowa, Cretaceous bedrock can be 74 million years old, in eastern Iowa Cambrian bedrock dates to c.500 million years ago. Iowa is generally not flat, most of the consists of rolling hills. Iowa can be divided into eight landforms based on glaciation, soils, topography, Loess hills lie along the western border of the state, some of which are several hundred feet thick. Northeast Iowa along the Mississippi River is part of the Driftless Zone, consisting of steep hills, several natural lakes exist, most notably Spirit Lake, West Okoboji Lake, and East Okoboji Lake in northwest Iowa. To the east lies Clear Lake, man-made lakes include Lake Odessa, Saylorville Lake, Lake Red Rock, Coralville Lake, Lake MacBride, and Rathbun Lake. The states northwest area has remnants of the once common wetlands. Iowas natural vegetation is tallgrass prairie and savanna in areas, with dense forest and wetlands in flood plains and protected river valleys. Most of Iowa is used for agriculture, crops cover 60% of the state, grasslands cover 30%, as of 2005 Iowa ranked 49th of U. S. states in public land holdings. Endangered or threatened plants include western prairie fringed orchid, eastern prairie fringed orchid, Meads milkweed, prairie bush clover, the explosion in the number of high-density livestock facilities in Iowa has led to increased rural water contamination and a decline in air quality. Iowa has a continental climate throughout the state
6.
Iowa's 7th congressional district
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Iowas 7th congressional district is a former congressional district in Iowa. It was eliminated after the 1970 election, leaving Iowa with six congressional districts, the state has since been reduced to four congressional districts. The 7th District was reformed for the 1932 election and Iowa dropped its 10th and 11th districts, dowell ran for and won the 6th Congressional District, while Otha D. Wearin took over the 7th Congressional District. The district was eliminated as a result of the 1970 census, all of the district was then put in the 5th congressional district, with the exception of Crawford and Monona counties which was put in the 6th district. List of United States Representatives from Iowa Iowas congressional districts Martis, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
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Edward R. Hays
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Edward Retilla Hays was a nineteenth-century politician, soldier, and lawyer from Ohio and Iowa, who briefly represented Iowas 7th congressional district in the U. S. House of Representatives. Born in Fostoria, Ohio, Hays attended rural schools near Tiffin, Ohio, during the Civil War, he served as a private in the 1st Ohio Heavy Artillery Regiment from 1862 to 1865. Afterwards, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1869, commencing practice in Knoxville and he served on the local school board and on the City Council. In September 1890, less than two months before the election, Republican U. S. Representative Edwin H. Conger resigned his Congressional seat representing Iowas 7th congressional district to accept President Benjamin Harrisons appointment as United States Ambassador to Brazil, Hays was chosen as the Republican nominee for this special election. After winning the election on November 4,1890 by 2,560 votes, he served in a session that began in December 1890. Returning from Washington, he resumed practicing law until his death in Knoxville and he was interred in Graceland Cemetery in Knoxville. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, retrieved on 2008-10-10 Edward R. Hays
8.
Solomon F. Prouty
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Solomon Francis Prouty was a one-term state legislator, Iowa trial court judge and a two-term Republican U. S. Representative from Iowas 7th congressional district, born in Delaware, Ohio, Prouty moved with his father to Marion County, Iowa, in 1855. He attended the schools, Central College in Pella, Iowa from 1870 to 1873, Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa from 1873 to 1875. He taught for years and served as a professor of Latin at Central from 1878 to 1882. In 1879, he was elected to one term in the Iowa House of Representatives. He later studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1882 and he moved to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1891 and practiced law there. He served as judge of the court in 1899. Prouty was a candidate for election to Congress in 1902,1904. However, in 1910, Prouty won the Republican nomination for the U. S. House for Iowas 7th congressional district and he was then re-elected two years later to his second term. In all, he served in the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses and he resumed the practice of his law, and served as trustee of the Central College. He died in Des Moines, Iowa on July 16,1927 and he was interred in Glendale Cemetery. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress and this article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http, //bioguide. congress. gov
9.
Sabina, Ohio
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Sabina is a village in Clinton County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 2,564. The town of Sabina was laid out by Warren Sabin, after whom it was named, in 1830, the original plat of the town was recorded on the 6th of December,1830, and contained thirty-seven lots. By 1833, Sabina contained two stores and two taverns, in 1859, the town was incorporated, and M. Morris appointed Mayor. A group of sites known as the Beam Farm Woodland Archaeological District is located along Stone Road near the village. Once inhabited by Adenan and Hopewellian peoples, the district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Sabina is located at 39°29′21″N 83°38′6″W, along Routes 22 and 3 about ten miles east of Wilmington, the county seat. It is also located within an hours drive of the Columbus, Dayton, and Cincinnati metro areas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 1.29 square miles. Sabina is located 31 miles south of Springfield and 47 miles southwest of Columbus, as of the census of 2010, there were 2,564 people,1,028 households, and 676 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,003.1 inhabitants per square mile, there were 1,160 housing units at an average density of 906.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 0% White,0. 9% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 9% of the population. 28. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the village was 38.5 years. 24. 2% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 24% were from 25 to 44,27. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 15. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48. 7% male and 51. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,780 people,1,075 households, and 762 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,149.6 people per square mile, there were 1,173 housing units at an average density of 907.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97. 48% White,0. 61% African American,0. 29% Native American,0. 43% Asian,0. 07% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 15% of the population. 24. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.98
10.
Clarendon, Arlington, Virginia
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Clarendon is an urbanized, upper-class neighborhood in Arlington County, Virginia, located between the Rosslyn area and the Ballston area. It was named after Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, the main thoroughfares are Wilson Boulevard and Clarendon Boulevard. Because of the street network configuration, many of Clarendons 40-45 blocks resemble triangles rather than squares. The precise dimensions of Clarendon are not defined, and several different sets of boundaries are often used. First platted in 1900 at the top of a hill on the Georgetown-Falls Church Road, during the early 20th century, two interurban trolley lines converged in Clarendon a short distance west of todays Clarendon Metro station. Metrorails Orange Line now closely follows this lines former route, the other line traveled from downtown Washington, crossed the Potomac River over the Highway Bridge and traveled along Washington Boulevard to reach the Clarendon station. Trolleys from both lines traveled between Clarendon, Ballston and Falls Church along the present routes of Fairfax Drive, I-66, some of these trolleys traveled as far as the towns of Vienna and Fairfax. Like many other interurbans around the country, these lines were to remain in service until the mid-1930s, the village of Clarendon was named and dedicated March 31,1900. In 1920, the year in which Arlington County adopted its name. Over time, Clarendon became Northern Virginias retail center, built in 1937, the Arlington Post Office was the first federal building constructed in the county. Previously Arlingtons mail was handled in Washington, D. C, lobby murals depicting scenes about Arlington history were painted by Auriel Bessemer in 1939. In 2000, it was named in honor of Joseph L. Fisher, former U. S. representative from Virginias 10th district, the building is a designated Arlington County landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. By early 1975, two Vietnamese grocery stores had opened in Clarendon, and in ensuing years Clarendon came to be known as Little Saigon. Many Vietnamese refugees immigrated to the Washington D. C. and Arlington, due to the proximity to the capital, and existing social, family. This neighborhood was home to commercial uses of Vietnamese grocery stores, restaurants, department stores, cafes, business was attractive to Vietnamese immigrants in this neighborhood due to the depressed rents during the time of construction of the WMATA Clarendon metro station. Vietnamese restaurants adjacent to Clarendon Metro like Queen Bee, and Cafe Dalat, closed in the end of 2005, nam Viet is the only restaurant that remains in 2014. Since the opening of the Clarendon Metro station in the early 1980s, Clarendon has become known for its eclectic mix of unique shops, trendy bars. More recently, luxury apartments, office buildings and upscale chain stores have been constructed and gentrified the area, at least a half dozen restaurants closed in 2016
11.
Arlington National Cemetery
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The United States Department of the Army, a component of the United States Department of Defense, controls the cemetery. The national cemetery was established during the Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, like nearly all federal installations in Arlington County, it has a Washington, D. C. mailing address. George Washington Parke Custis, grandson of Martha Washington, acquired the land now is Arlington National Cemetery in 1802. The estate passed to Custis daughter, Mary Anna, who had married United States Army officer Robert E. Lee. Custis will gave an inheritance to Mary Lee, allowing her to live at and run Arlington Estate for the rest of her life. Upon her death, the Arlington estate passed to her eldest son, on May 7, troops of the Virginia militia occupied Arlington and Arlington House. With Confederate forces occupying Arlingtons high ground, the capital of the Union was left in a military position. Although unwilling to leave Arlington House, Mary Lee believed her estate would soon be infested with federal soldiers, so she buried many of her family treasures on the grounds and left for her sisters estate at Ravensworth in Fairfax County, Virginia, on May 14. On May 3, General Winfield Scott ordered Brigadier General Irvin McDowell to clear Arlington, McDowell occupied Arlington without opposition on May 24. In May 1864, Union forces suffered large numbers of dead in the Battle of the Wilderness, Meigs ordered that an examination of eligible sites be made for the establishment for a large new national military cemetery. Within weeks, his staff reported that Arlington Estate was the most suitable property in the area, the property was high and free from floods, it had a view of the District of Columbia, and it was aesthetically pleasing. It was also the home of the leader of the forces of the Confederate States of America. The first military burial at Arlington, for William Henry Christman, was made on May 13,1864, however, Meigs did not formally authorize establishment of burials until June 15,1864. Arlington did not desegregate its burial practices until President Harry S. Truman issued Executive Order 9981 on July 26,1948, the government acquired Arlington at a tax sale in 1864 for $26,800, equal to $410,000 today. Mrs. Lee had not appeared in person but rather had sent an agent, the government turned away her agent, refusing to accept the tendered payment. In 1874, Custis Lee, heir under his grandfathers will passing the estate in trust to his mother, sued the United States claiming ownership of Arlington. In December,1882, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in Lees favor in United States v. Lee, deciding that Arlington had been confiscated without due process. After that decision, Congress returned the estate to him, and on March 3,1883, the land then became a military reservation
12.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
13.
John A. Hull
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John Adley Hull was a Judge Advocate General in the U. S. Army and an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Hull was born in Bloomfield, Iowa to Civil War officer, Hull and his wife, Emma Gregory Hull. He received a law degree from the University of Iowa College of Law, at the beginning of the Spanish–American War he enlisted in the Iowa National Guard and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and Judge Advocate for the U. S. Volunteers. In 1901, he was appointed a major in the Judge Advocate Generals Corps and he would serve as legal advisor to Governor-General of the Philippines Francis Burton Harrison from 1913 to 1921. He married Norma Bowler King at Fort Meyers, Virginia, in 1919 and she would divorce him on May 22,1934, in Reno, Nevada. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge nominated him to be judge advocate general of the Army with the rank of general, a position he held until 1928. In 1927, it was thought he would succeed Leonard Wood as Governor-General of the Philippines, in February 1930, Hull served as Chief Legal Advisor to Stimsons successor as Governor General of the Philippines, Dwight F. Davis. He served in that position until 1932, when President Herbert C. Hoover appointed him Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and he resigned from the court on February 1,1936. Earlier Philippine President Manuel Quezon had ruled that the Court of Appeals Act provided for only Philippine judges and he died at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D. C. on April 17,1944. E- Library Supreme Court of the Philippines MAJ, HULL,69, LEGAL AUTHORITY, Ex-Judge Advocate General of Army Dies--Aide to Davis in the Philippines
14.
DePauw University
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DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of approximately 2,400 students. The school has a Methodist heritage and was known as Indiana Asbury University. DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference, the Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw. Indiana Asbury University was founded in 1837 in Greencastle, Indiana, and was named after Francis Asbury, the first American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The people of Greencastle raised $25,000, equivalent to around $500,000 in 2007 terms, to entice the Methodists to found the college in Greencastle and it was originally established as an all mens school, but began admitting women in 1867. In 1884 Indiana Asbury University changed its name to DePauw University in honor of Washington C, DePauw, who made a sequence of substantial donations throughout the 1870s, which culminated in his largest single donation that established the School of Music during 1884. Before his death in 1887, DePauw donated over $600,000 to Indiana Asbury, in 2002, the school received the largest-ever gift to a liberal arts college, $128 million by the Holton family. Sigma Delta Chi, known today as the Society of Professional Journalists, was founded at the university in 1909 by a group of student journalists, the worlds first Greek-letter sorority, Kappa Alpha Theta, was also founded at DePauw in 1870. DePauw is home to the two longest continually running fraternity chapters in the world, the Delta Chapter of Beta Theta Pi, DePauw is home to Indianas first chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. DePauw University has an enrollment of about 2,400 students, students hail from 42 states and 32 countries with a 20. 4% multicultural enrollment. DePauw is ranked in the top tier of liberal arts colleges by 2016 U. S. News & World Report as #51 in the United States. DePauw Universitys schedule is divided into a 4–1–4 calendar, besides the 15-week Autumn and Spring Semesters, one survey of DePauw students found that over 80% of DePauw graduates studied abroad. Past internships for Winter Term include ABC News, KeyBanc Capital Markets, Riley Hospital for Children, DePauw University has a student-faculty ratio of 10,1 and has no classes with more than 35 students. The average class size is 15, all courses are taught by adjunct or permanent professors, there are no teaching assistants. Prominent faculty members include, Mona Bhan, associate professor of anthropology and author of Counterinsurgency, Democracy, founded in 1884, the school has about 170 students. The student to teacher ratio is 5,1 with a class size of 13 students. DePauw students can apply for entry to five Programs of Distinction, there are the Honor Scholars and Information Technology Associates programs as well as three fellowships in Management, Media, and Science Research. The Honor Scholar Program is a journey for talented students who want the highest level of intellectual rigor
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Greencastle, Indiana
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Greencastle is a city in Greencastle Township, Putnam County, Indiana, United States, and the county seat of Putnam County. It was founded in 1821 by Ephraim Dukes on a land grant and he named the settlement for his hometown of Greencastle, Pennsylvania. Greencastle was a village or town operating under authority of the Putnam County commissioners until March 9,1849, Greencastle, Indiana, officially became a city after an election held on July 8,1861. The first mayor of Greencastle was E. R. Kercheval, the city became the county seat of Putnam County. The population was 10,326 at the 2010 census and it is located near Interstate 70 approximately halfway between Terre Haute and Indianapolis in the west-central portion of the state. Greencastle is well known as being the location of DePauw University, Public Schools Greencastles public schools are operated by the Greencastle Community School Corporation. Ridpath Primary School and Deer Meadow Primary School which each host kindergarten through 2nd grade, private Schools Peace Lutheran School is a private school in Greencastle, Indiana, which according to their website is an outreach of Peace Lutheran Church. It was founded in 1984 as a preschool, in 1995, kindergarten was added as a half-day program. The year 2002 marked the beginning of the Primary School with the addition of 5th grade, as of 2011, the school hosts grades kindergarten through 6th grade. Colleges and Universities DePauw University is a national liberal arts college. It was founded as Indiana Asbury University in 1837 as an all mens school. In 1867, Laura Beswick, Mary Simmons, Alice Allen, and Bettie Locke Hamilton, DePauw today has an enrollment of about 2400 students. Students hail from 42 states and 32 countries with a 20. 4% multicultural enrollment, dePauws liberal arts education gives students a chance to gain general knowledge outside of their direct area of study. DePauw consistently ranks among the top 50 liberal arts colleges in America in both U. S. News & World Report rankings and Kiplinger’s “best value” list. In a 2009 Center for College Affordability & Productivity ranking published in Forbes magazine, a 33,300 square foot, $8.6 million Ivy Tech campus was completed in 2009 in Greencastle. The Ivy Tech branch in Greencastle is also assisted financially by The Putnam County Community Foundation, other Educational Facilities Greencastle is the home of the Putnam County Public Library, a public library which serves patrons from Putnam County and surrounding counties. The Putnam County Public Library is a Carnegie Library and was built in 1903, in 1996, a large addition made the library what it is today. Greencastle also once had a municipal Carnegie library, which is now known as The William Weston Clarke Emison Museum of Art, the building was constructed in 1908
16.
Iowa Wesleyan University
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Iowa Wesleyan University is a private four-year liberal arts college located in Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Founded in 1842, it ranks as Iowas first co-educational institution of higher learning, the colleges innovations have included concepts of undergraduate lab science, career experience, and service-learning. The college is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, two campus buildings, Old Main and the Harlan-Lincoln House, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The latter, the summer home of Robert Todd Lincoln, is now a museum featuring various artifacts from the Harlan. In 1841 a group of Methodist settlers in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, met, on February 17,1842, the legislature granted a charter for the Mount Pleasant Literary Institute, soon to be renamed as Mount Pleasant Collegiate Institute. Despite the charter, organization and fund raising were slow going at first, twenty acres of land were donated for the campus by four Mount Pleasant residents in March 1843. That same month, organizing officials hired Reverend Artistides J. Heustis as the institutions first president, the university occupies a 60-acre central campus of historic red brick buildings and modern structures, including some listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Chapel, built in 1896, received a renovation and restoration in the early 21st century. Undergraduate enrollment at the college is approximately 600 full-time students, dr. Steven E. Titus has been president of the college since June 2013. Students at Iowa Wesleyan can gain a variety of degrees in the fields of Business, Education, Fine Arts, Human Studies, Language and Literature, Nursing, in the late 1960s, Iowa Wesleyan started its Responsible Social Involvement program, or RSI. Now called Service Learning, the program has two goals, Service to the greater community, and Having students participate more actively in their own education. Service Learning allows students direct experience outside the realms of textbooks, classrooms. Additionally, all students at Iowa Wesleyan are required to complete an approved internship through the Office of Field Experience, greek life has a rich history at Iowa Wesleyan University. The one active chapter on campus is the Beta chapter of Alpha Xi Delta Sorority and it is the oldest chapter of Alpha Xi Delta in the country. Sisterhood was founded at Iowa Wesleyan University on January 21,1869, the football team competes in the Upper Midwest Athletic Conference. The Tigers were formerly part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, in 2009, for the second time in college history since 2006, both the mens and womens teams qualified for the NAIA National Basketball Tournament. Both mens and womens teams qualified for the USCAA National Tournament in 2015. From 1989-1991, Hal Mumme was head coach, with Mike Leach as his offensive coordinator
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Mount Pleasant, Iowa
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Mount Pleasant is a city in and the county seat of Henry County, Iowa, in the United States. The population was 8,668 in the 2010 census, a decline from 8,751 in the 2000 census and it was founded in 1835 by pioneer Presley Saunders. Mount Pleasant was first incorporated as a town by European Americans in 1842, in 1869, Mount Pleasant was the site of a solar eclipse expedition, under the command of James Craig Watson and sponsored by National Almanac. The total solar eclipse occurred on August 7,1869, in the Union Block building in 1869, Arabella A. Mansfield became the first woman in the United States to be awarded a license to practice law. She had passed the bar exam with high scores and won a case for entry to the bar. The third floor of the Union Block housed the Opera House or Union Hall and it attracted national speakers on tour, including abolitionists Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and Anna Dickinson. James Harlan also spoke there, as he was president of Iowa Wesleyan College in the town and this building had been considered one of the most endangered historic sites in Iowa. The Mount Pleasant Mental Health Institute was built in 1861, however, in 1936, a fire did great damage to the building. The hospital had to be closed, as little of the facility survived the fire, on December 10,1986, Ralph Orin Davis, a resident, walked into a city council meeting and shot Mayor Edward King and two council members. Mayor King died of his wounds after being shot point blank in the head, the 69-year-old gunman had attended a couple of previous meetings, complaining about a backed-up sewer and wanting the city to pay for damages to his house. The two council members were seriously wounded, tom Vilsack was the replacement mayor, later becoming governor for 8 years, and then Secretary of Agriculture for 8 years. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.53 square miles. Mount Pleasants population density is estimated at 1123 people per mile which is considered low for urban areas. As of the census of 2010, there were 8,668 people,3,127 households, the population density was 1,018.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,365 housing units at a density of 395.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 85. 7% White,4. 3% African American,0. 4% Native American,4. 4% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,2. 4% from other races, and 2. 5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 7% of the population,33. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the family size was 2.94
18.
Cincinnati Law School
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The University of Cincinnati College of Law was founded in 1833 as the Cincinnati Law School. It is the fourth oldest continually running law school in the United States, then-dean and future 27th President of the United States, William Howard Taft, merged it with the University of Cincinnati in 1896. The school has produced both a President of the United States and a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, the school has also produced a Vice President of the United States, Charles G. Dawes, and a Secretary of Commerce, Charles W. Sawyer. U. S. News & World Report, perhaps the most well-known publisher of law school rankings. The Greater Cincinnati area is home to over 685 law firms, furthermore, Cincinnati is home to 10 Fortune 500 companies including being the headquarters for Procter & Gamble, Fifth Third Bank, GE Aviation, Macys, Inc. and Kroger. The College of Law is located at the corner of Clifton Avenue, the period from 1925 to 1929 was a golden era for the schools alumni. During this time, UC Law alumni had significant influence in all three branches of the federal government, Charles G. Dawes was Vice President, Nicolas Longworth was Speaker of the House of Representatives, and William Howard Taft was Chief Justice of United States. Also during this time, alumnus Miller Huggins managed the New York Yankees to World Series championships in 1927 and 1928, according to University of Cincinnatis 2013 ABA-required disclosures, 53% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. Actually 69. 1% of Cincinnati’s Class of 2013 obtained full-time, JD-required is not recognized as a category in the ABA-required disclosures. To achieve a JD-required calculation one has to combine two of the four ABA reporting categories - Bar Passage Required and J. D. Advantage. The total cost of attendance at University of Cincinnati for the 2013-2014 academic year is $41,872 for residents and 59,380 for non-residents. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $159,045 for residents and $176,001 for non residents, University of Cincinnati College of Law
19.
Admission to the bar in the United States
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Admission to the bar in the United States is the granting of permission by a particular court system to a lawyer to practice law in that system. Each U. S. state and similar jurisdiction has its own system and sets its own rules for bar admission. In most cases, a person who is admitted to the bar is thereby a member of the particular bar. In the canonical case, lawyers seeking admission must earn a Juris Doctor degree from a law approved by the jurisdiction. Typically, there is also a character and fitness evaluation, which includes a background check, however, there are exceptions to each of these requirements. A lawyer who is admitted in one state is not automatically allowed to practice in any other, some states have reciprocal agreements that allow attorneys from other states to practice without sitting for another full bar exam, such agreements differ significantly among the states. The use of the bar to mean the whole body of lawyers. In the early 16th century, a railing divided the hall in the Inns of Court, with students occupying the body of the hall, Students who officially became lawyers were called to the bar, crossing the symbolic physical barrier and thus admitted to the bar. Later, this was assumed to mean the wooden railing marking off the area around the judges seat in a courtroom, where prisoners stood for arraignment. The first bar exam in what is now the United States was instituted by Delaware Colony in 1763, the other American colonies soon followed suit. By the late 19th century, the examinations were administered by committees of attorneys, today, each state has its own rules which are the ultimate authority concerning admission to its bar. This test is not administered at the time as any U. S. bar exam. Most candidates usually sit for the MPRE while still in law school, right after studying professional responsibility, some states require that a candidate pass the MPRE before being allowed to sit for the bar exam. Connecticut and New Jersey waive the MPRE for candidates who have received a grade of C or better in a law school professional ethics class, pass a bar examination, usually administered by the state bar association or under the authority of the supreme court of the particular state. As of June 2015,16 jurisdictions have adopted the Uniform Bar Examination, missouri and North Dakota were the first two states to administer the UBE, doing so in February 2011. Since then, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Utah, Washington, UBE jurisdictions are allowed to additionally test candidates knowledge of state-specific law, through either a test or course. Examinees have three hours to answer 100 questions in a session and the same for an afternoon session. The MBE is administered on the last Wednesday in February and July, the Multistate Essay Examination, a uniform though not standardized test that examines a candidates ability to analyze legal issues and communicate them effectively in writing
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Des Moines, Iowa
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Des Moines /dᵻˈmɔɪn/ is the capital and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County, a small portion of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22,1851, as Fort Des Moines and it is located on and named after the Des Moines River, which likely was adapted from the French colonial name, Rivière des Moines, meaning River of the Monks. The citys population was 203,433 as of the 2010 census, the five-county metropolitan area is ranked 91st in terms of population in the United States with 599,789 residents according to the 2013 estimate by the United States Census Bureau. Des Moines is a center of the U. S. insurance industry and has a sizable financial services. The city was credited as the one spot for U. S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article. The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group, the Meredith Corporation, Ruan Transportation, EMC Insurance Companies, and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield. Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo, Voya Financial, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, ACE Limited, Marsh, Monsanto, in recent years Microsoft, Hewlett Packard and Facebook have established data processing and logistical facilities in the Des Moines metro. Forbes magazine ranked Des Moines as the Best Place for Business in both 2010 and 2013, in 2014, NBC ranked Des Moines as the Wealthiest City in America, according to its criteria. Des Moines is an important city in U. S. presidential politics, as the capital of the state, many presidential candidates set up campaign headquarters in Des Moines. Des Moines takes its name from Fort Des Moines, which was named for the Des Moines River and this was adopted from the name given by French colonists. Des Moines translates literally to either from the monks or of the monks, the historian Virgil Vogel claimed that the name was derived from Moingona, the Algonquian clan name for Loon, one of the clans of the local Native American people. Some historians and researchers lacking linguistic or Algonquianist training concluded that Moingona meant people by the portage or something similar and this was the site of the earliest known encounters between the Moingona and European explorers took place. This was some 200 miles from the Des Moines River, based on archeological evidence, the juncture of the Des Moines and Raccoon rivers has attracted humans for at least 7,000 years. Several prehistoric occupation areas have been identified by archeologists in downtown Des Moines, discovered in December 2010, the Palace is an expansive 7, 000-year-old site found during excavations prior to construction of the new wastewater treatment plant in southeastern Des Moines. It contains well-preserved house deposits and numerous graves, more than 6,000 artifacts were found at this site. State of Iowa archaeologist John Doershuk was assisted by University of Iowa archaeologists at this dig, at least three Late Prehistoric villages, dating from about AD1300 to 1700, stood in or near what developed later as downtown Des Moines. In addition,15 to 18 prehistoric American Indian mounds were observed in area by early settlers
21.
American Civil War
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The American Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America, the Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U. S. history. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, War broke out in April 1861 when Confederates attacked the U. S. fortress of Fort Sumter. The Confederacy grew to eleven states, it claimed two more states, the Indian Territory, and the southern portions of the western territories of Arizona. The Confederacy was never recognized by the United States government nor by any foreign country. The states that remained loyal, including border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North, the war ended with the surrender of all the Confederate armies and the dissolution of the Confederate government in the spring of 1865. The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. The Confederacy collapsed and 4 million slaves were freed, but before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton-based economies formed the Confederacy. The first six to declare secession had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, the first seven with state legislatures to resolve for secession included split majorities for unionists Douglas and Bell in Georgia with 51% and Louisiana with 55%. Alabama had voted 46% for those unionists, Mississippi with 40%, Florida with 38%, Texas with 25%, of these, only Texas held a referendum on secession. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession, outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincolns March 4,1861 inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war, speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed, the Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12,1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, while in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, the battle was inconclusive in 1861–62. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaigns into Maryland and Kentucky failed, dissuading British intervention, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, the 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg, Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in 1864
22.
Iowa Senate
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The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state populations of approximately 60,927 per constituency. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts, the Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines. Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, Senators serve four-year terms, there are no term limits for the Senate. The President of the Senate presides over the body, whose powers include referring bills to committee, recognizing members during debate, unlike the more powerful Speaker of the Iowa House of Representatives, the Senate President cannot appoint committee chairmanships or shuffle committee memberships. The Lieutenant Governor of Iowa was the officer of the Senate until 1988. The other partisan Senate leadership positions, such as the Majority and Minority leaders, are elected by their party caucuses to head their parties in the chamber. The President of the Senate is Republican Jack Whitver of the 19th District, the Majority Leader is Republican Bill Dix of the 25th District. The Minority Leader is Democratic Rob Hogg of the 33rd District, samuel J. Kirkwood, two time Governor of Iowa, two time U. S. Senator, U. S. Secretary of the Interior. Tom Vilsack, Governor of Iowa from 1999 to 2007, briefly Democratic candidate for the President of the United States in 2008, george A. Wilson, Governor of Iowa from 1939 to 1943. Patty Judge, Iowa Secretary of Agriculture from 1999 to 2007, Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011 Steve King, current U. S. House Representative, Senator who has been serving since 2015
23.
52nd United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from March 4,1891 to March 4,1893, during the third and fourth years of Benjamin Harrisons presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880, the Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority. May 5,1892, Geary Act February 13,1893, Harter Act, Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the Changes in membership section. Flower This list is arranged by chamber, then by state, Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district. Skip to House of Representatives, below Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, Senators are listed by Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. Members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers, the count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, House History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 2nd Session, Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 2nd Session
24.
54th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from March 4,1895 to March 4,1897, during the last two years of Grover Clevelands presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890, the House had a Republican majority, and the Republicans were the largest party in the Senate. May 21,1896, Oil Pipe Line Act, ch,484, March 2,1897, Tea Importation Act,29 Stat. 604, January 4,1896, Utah was admitted the 45th state and this count identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the Changes in membership section, culberson This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district, skip to House of Representatives, below Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, two seats were added when Utah was admitted and one seat was filled late. There were 4 deaths,2 resignations,13 election challenges,1 new seat, democrats had a 10-seat net loss, Republicans had a 12-seat net gain, and Populists had a 2-seat net gain. Benedict Chaplain, William H. Millburn Secretary, William Ruffin Cox Sergeant at Arms, Richard J. Bright Chaplain, Henry N. Couden Clerk, Alexander McDowell Clerk at the Speaker’s Table, Asher C. Hinds Doorkeeper, William J. Glenn Postmaster, Joseph C. McElroy Sergeant at Arms, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, House History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 1st Session, Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 2nd Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 2nd Session
25.
61st United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from March 4,1909 to March 4,1911, during the first two years of William H. Tafts Presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twelfth Census of the United States in 1900, both chambers had a Republican majority. March 4,1909, William Howard Taft became President of the United States August 5,1909 – Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act,6,36 Stat.11 June 18,1910, Mann-Elkins Act, ch. 309,36 Stat.539 June 25,1910, Mann Act,395,36 Stat.825 March 3,1911, Judicial Code of 1911, ch. A few senators were elected directly by the residents of the state, the count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Lyon Clerk at the Speaker’s Table, Asher C, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 1,2006, archived from the original on June 1,2006. Archived from the original on June 1,2006, official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 2nd Session, official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 2nd Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 3rd Session
26.
Joseph Gurney Cannon
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Joseph Gurney Cannon was a United States politician from Illinois and leader of the Republican Party. Cannon is the second-longest continuously serving Republican Speaker in history, having been surpassed by fellow Illinoisan Dennis Hastert, Cannon is also the longest serving Republican Representative ever, as well as first member of congress, of either party, ever to surpass 40 years of service. Cannons congressional career spanned 46 years of cumulative service—a record that was not broken until 1959, although technically the second-longest serving Republican member of Congress ever, he was the longest-serving Republican to never change his party affiliation. Cannon also has the distinction of being the subject of the first Time cover ever, Cannon was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, and in 1840 moved with his parents to Annapolis, Indiana, about 30 miles north of Terre Haute. He was the elder of two sons of Gulielma and Horace Franklin Cannon, a country doctor, Horace Cannon drowned on August 7,1851 when Joseph was fifteen years old as he tried to reach a sick patient by crossing Sugar Creek. Young Cannon took charge of the family farm and his brother William would become a successful banker and realtor. Asked by Terre Haute politician and lawyer John Palmer Usher, future Secretary of the Interior under President Abraham Lincoln, to testify in a slander case, eventually, he asked Usher if he could study law under him and moved to Terre Haute. At age 19 he traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio to attend a semester of law school at the University of Cincinnati law school. In 1858, he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Terre Haute and that year he relocated to Tuscola, Illinois. His choice of a new hometown was somewhat involuntary, taking place while he was travelling from Shelbyville, Illinois, during the trip, he ran out of money. He boarded a Chicago-bound train in Mattoon, Illinois, after the train had started, as Cannon did not have a ticket, he was removed from the train in Tuscola. There, he became States attorney for the judicial district of Illinois. He was one of the members of Tuscolas Masonic Lodge No. 332, which was founded on October 2,1860, in 1876 Cannon moved to Danville, Illinois, where he resided for the rest of his life. He and his wife Mary P. Reed, whom he married in 1862, had two daughters and he became a follower of Abraham Lincoln during the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858. After Lincoln was elected President in 1860, Cannon received an appointment as a regional prosecutor, Cannon was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress, but was elected to the Fifty-third and to the nine succeeding Congresses that sat between 1893 and 1913. He attempted to gain the Speakership four times before succeeding and his antic speaking style, diminutive stature and pugnacious manner were his trademarks. The newspapers frequently lampooned him as a colorful rube, Uncle Joe, as he was known, often clashed with fellow Republican Theodore Roosevelt, asserting that Roosevelt has no more use for the Constitution than a tomcat has for a marriage license
27.
Albert B. Cummins
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Albert Baird Cummins, American lawyer and politician. He was the 18th Governor of Iowa elected to three terms and U. S. Senator for Iowa serving for 18 years, Cummins was born in a log house in Carmichaels, Pennsylvania, the son of Sarah Baird and Thomas L. Cummins, a carpenter who also farmed. He attended different schools including the Greene Academy at Carmichaels, and was matriculated at Waynesburg College and he completed required classes at Waynesburg College, but was not graduated because of a dispute with the Colleges president regarding Darwinism. After leaving college, he became a tutor and taught at a country school. At age nineteen, Cummins came with his uncle to Elkader, Iowa, finding employment in the Clayton County recorders office. In 1871, he relocated to the Allen County, Indiana, where he labored as a clerk, carpenter, construction engineer, express company manager. Cummins moved to Chicago where he studied law while clerking in an attorneys office, after practicing law in Chicago for three years, he set up a practice in Des Moines, Iowa. At first, Cummins represented in court mainly businessmen improving his finances, however, historians consider his representation of farmers in the barbed wire case to be an anomaly, because more often he represented corporations or businessmen. After identifying with Republican Party, Cummins became active first in state, Cummins found political support in Progressive faction of the Iowas GOP and challenged Iowas Republican establishment represented by U. S. Allison, Congressman David B. Henderson and Congressman William P. Hepburn, in 1887, Cummins was elected to a single term in the Iowa State Senate representing Des Moines. He was asked to serve as chair of the 1892 State Republican Convention. He unsuccessfully pursued a seat in the U. S. Senate in 1894, in 1896 he was active in the William McKinley campaign, and was appointed as Iowas representative on the Republican National Committee. In 1900, Cummins was passed over twice for the U. S. Senate, in early 1900, when the Iowa General Assembly exercised its former power to choose a U. S. Senator for the Class 2 seat, to serve from 1901 to 1907, Cummins was the opponent of incumbent Republican John H. Gear, but withdrew when it appeared he lacked the votes to win. After Gear suffered a heart attack in July 1900, Governor Leslie M. Shaw rejected numerous appeals to appoint Cummins to the vacancy. Cummins initially vowed to seek the seat again in the 1901 legislative session, Cummins served as Governor of Iowa between 1902 and 1908 becoming the first Iowa governor elected to three successive terms. In the third election he won races for the Republican nomination against George D. Perkins, editor of the Sioux City Journal
28.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
29.
Supreme Court of the Philippines
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The Supreme Court of the Philippines, is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen Justices, pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof. Until 1945, the Court met in Cavite, an additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence. Beginning with the 1935 Constitution, Supreme Court Justices are obliged to retire upon reaching the retirement age of 70. Some Justices had opted to retire before reaching the age of 70, such as Florentino Feliciano, Alicia Austria-Martinez who retired at 68 due to health reasons. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides that, Section 11, the Members of the Supreme Court xxx shall hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office. Since,1901, it was only incumbent Associate Justice Alicia Austria-Martinez who resigned for health reasons, in the October 1 Judicial and Bar Councils en banc deliberations, Reynato Puno ruled, “The court merely noted it. We don’t have to approve it, during the JBC hearing, a JBC member said Austria-Martinez had wanted to retire earlier because of health reasons. We were told she had problems even when she was in the CA. ”Retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Artemio Panganiban stated. Alicia Austria-Martinez has opted to retire early from the Supreme Court due to health reasons, neither is she physically or mentally incapacitated, but she has chosen to retire on April 30,2009 because she felt she could no longer cope with the heavy caseload. This was followed in 2016 however, by Justice Martin Villarama, the powers of the Supreme Court are defined in Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution. These functions may be divided into two – judicial functions and administrative functions. The administrative functions of the Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees, as well as over members of the Philippine bar. Pursuant to these functions, the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary. The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to the practice of law, for assistance to the underprivileged. The more prominent role of the Court is located in the exercise of its judicial functions, Section 1 of Article VIII contains definition of judicial power that had not been found in previous constitutions. The judicial power is vested in “one Supreme Court and in lower courts as may be established by law. ”The definition reaffirms the power of the Supreme Court to engage in judicial review. As a result, the existence of “grave abuse of discretion” on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government is sufficient basis to state action
30.
Internet Archive
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The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of universal access to all knowledge. As of October 2016, its collection topped 15 petabytes, in addition to its archiving function, the Archive is an activist organization, advocating for a free and open Internet. Its web archive, the Wayback Machine, contains over 150 billion web captures, the Archive also oversees one of the worlds largest book digitization projects. Founded by Brewster Kahle in May 1996, the Archive is a 501 nonprofit operating in the United States. It has a budget of $10 million, derived from a variety of sources, revenue from its Web crawling services, various partnerships, grants, donations. Its headquarters are in San Francisco, California, where about 30 of its 200 employees work, Most of its staff work in its book-scanning centers. The Archive has data centers in three Californian cities, San Francisco, Redwood City, and Richmond, the Archive is a member of the International Internet Preservation Consortium and was officially designated as a library by the State of California in 2007. Brewster Kahle founded the Archive in 1996 at around the time that he began the for-profit web crawling company Alexa Internet. In October 1996, the Internet Archive had begun to archive and preserve the World Wide Web in large quantities, the archived content wasnt available to the general public until 2001, when it developed the Wayback Machine. In late 1999, the Archive expanded its collections beyond the Web archive, Now the Internet Archive includes texts, audio, moving images, and software. It hosts a number of projects, the NASA Images Archive, the contract crawling service Archive-It. According to its web site, Most societies place importance on preserving artifacts of their culture, without such artifacts, civilization has no memory and no mechanism to learn from its successes and failures. Our culture now produces more and more artifacts in digital form, the Archives mission is to help preserve those artifacts and create an Internet library for researchers, historians, and scholars. In August 2012, the Archive announced that it has added BitTorrent to its file download options for over 1.3 million existing files, on November 6,2013, the Internet Archives headquarters in San Franciscos Richmond District caught fire, destroying equipment and damaging some nearby apartments. The nonprofit Archive sought donations to cover the estimated $600,000 in damage, in November 2016, Kahle announced that the Internet Archive was building the Internet Archive of Canada, a copy of the archive to be based somewhere in the country of Canada. The announcement received widespread coverage due to the implication that the decision to build an archive in a foreign country was because of the upcoming presidency of Donald Trump. Kahle was quoted as saying that on November 9th in America and it was a firm reminder that institutions like ours, built for the long-term, need to design for change. For us, it means keeping our cultural materials safe, private and it means preparing for a Web that may face greater restrictions
31.
Find a Grave
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Find a Grave is a website that allows the public to search and add to an online database of cemetery records. It is owned by Ancestry. com, the worlds largest for-profit genealogy company, the site was created in 1995 by Salt Lake City resident Jim Tipton to support his hobby of visiting the burial sites of celebrities. He later added an online forum, Find a Grave was launched as a commercial entity in 1998, first as a trade name and then incorporated in 2000. The site later expanded to include graves of non-celebrities, in order to allow visitors to pay respect to their deceased relatives or friends. In 2013, Tipton sold Find a Grave to Ancestry. com, burial information is a wonderful source for people researching their family history. In a September 30,2013, press release, Ancestry, as of March 2017, Find a Grave contained over 159 million burial records and 75 million photos. The website contains listings of cemeteries and graves from around the world, american cemeteries are organized by state and county, and many cemetery records contain Google Maps and photographs of the cemeteries and gravesites. Individual grave records may contain dates and places of birth and death, biographical information, cemetery and plot information, photographs, Interment listings are added by individuals, genealogical societies, and other institutions such as the International Wargraves Photography Project. Contributors must register as members to submit listings, called memorials, the submitter becomes the manager of the listing but may transfer management. Only the current manager of a listing may edit it, although any member may use the features to send correction requests to the listings manager. Managers may add links to other listings of deceased spouses, parents, members may post requests for photos of a specific grave, these requests will be automatically sent to other members who have registered their location as being near that grave. Find a Grave also maintains lists of memorials of famous persons by their claim to fame, such as Medal of Honor recipients, religious figures, Find a Grave exercises editorial control over these listings. Canadian Headstones Interment. net National Cemetery Administrations Nationwide Gravesite Locator Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness Tombstone tourist Colker, web site answers grave concerns about stars. Web site attracts millions of grave-seekers, Find VIPs who R. I. P. through online cemetery. Genealogy, Find a Grave tremendous on many different levels, terre Haute, Indiana, Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. Archived from the original on May 14,2011, tip, Find a Grave has info youre dying to know. Tracking Down Relatives, Visiting Graves Virtually, media related to Images from Find A Grave at Wikimedia Commons Official website
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Nicholas J. Rusch
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Nicholas Johann Rusch was born on February 16,1822, in Sankt Michaelisdonn, Holstein. He attended elementary school at Marne, the gymnasium at Meldorf, the Segeberg Seminary and he immigrated to the United States in 1847 and while en route he tutored the children in a family. He settled on a farm in Scott County, Iowa near the city of Davenport and he was part of the first wave of immigrants who settled in the area from Schleswig-Holstein. Rusch soon acquired knowledge of the language, laws and institutions of his adopted country and he was a member of the Republican Party, and was nominated by Scott County Republicans to serve in the Iowa Senate in 1857. He won the election and while in the Senate he focused his attention on alcohol laws, land ownership of foreign-born Iowans. He became a leader among German-Americans and within the Republican Party. In 1859 he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Lieutenant Governor on the ticket with Samuel J. Kirkwood, as Lieutenant Governor, Rusch presided over the Iowa Senate for two years. After serving his term, Rusch was appointed by Governor Kirkwood to be Iowa’s Commissioner of Immigration and he spent his time in New York where he distributed promotional information about the state. He returned to Iowa ten months later as immigration nearly came to a halt during the Civil War, Rusch joined the Union Army when Kirkwood appointed him to the Commissary Department with the rank of captain. The plan was approved by General Ulysses S. Grant and Rusch left for New York where he recruited immigrants for his lumberjack army, before he could be put his plan into action, however, Rusch died suddenly after his return to Vicksburg on September 22,1864. He was buried in Pine Hill Cemetery in Davenport
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Madison Miner Walden
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Madison Miner Walden was a Civil War officer, teacher, publisher, farmer, the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Iowa, and a one-term Republican U. S. Representative from Iowas 4th congressional district, then located in southeastern Iowa, born near Brush Creek Township, Scioto County, Ohio, Walden moved to Iowa in 1852. He attended Denmark Academy in Lee County, Iowa, and Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and graduated from Ohio Wesleyan College in Delaware, Ohio, in 1859. After the outbreak of the Civil War, he served in the Union Army, as captain in the 6th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment and he was taken prisoner in an engagement at Newnan, Georgia, in July 1864, known as the Battle of Browns Mill during McCooks Raid. He later escaped from a camp at Charleston, South Carolina. By the end of the War he had promoted to the rank of major. Returning from the War, he school, and published the Centerville Citizen from 1865 to 1874. He served as member of the Iowa House of Representatives in 1866 and 1867, in 1869 he was elected as Lieutenant Governor of Iowa, starting his term in 1870. Walden won the election, and served in the 42nd United States Congress from March 4,1871 to March 3,1873. However, when Walden ran for renomination in 1872, Loughridge turned the tables on Walden, after his defeat, Walden engaged in agricultural pursuits and coal mining in Centerville. In 1890 he was again a member of the Iowa House from Appanoose County. He returned to Washington, D. C. in 1889 when he was appointed clerk in the office of the Solicitor of the Treasury. He was interred in Oakland Cemetery in Centerville, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http, //bioguide. congress. gov
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Joshua G. Newbold
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Joshua Gaskill Newbold was the tenth Governor of Iowa. Newbold grew up in a Quaker family in Pennsylvania and he moved to Iowa in 1854, where he was a farmer. Newbold served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1872-76 and he was elected the 11th Lieutenant Governor as a Republican in 1876, and succeeded to the governorship when Samuel J. Kirkwood resigned to take a seat in the United States Senate. From 1899-1903, Newbold was mayor of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, where he died and was buried in the Forest Home cemetery in 1903
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.