1.
Guard (American and Canadian football)
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In American and Canadian football, a guard is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking. Right guards is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line, Guards are to the right or left of the center. The guards job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays, Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers, so they cannot intentionally touch a forward pass, unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver. This technique is used in most playbooks for outside runs and on counter plays, vanderbilts Dan McGugin is credited with first pulling guards. Since the Guard is free of responsibility for play-side outside runs and far-side counter plays, pulling is generally a unique responsibility for Guards
2.
Hartford, Wisconsin
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Hartford is a city in Washington and Dodge counties in the U. S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 14,223, all of this population resided in the Washington County portion of the city. John Thiel and Nicolas Simon first surveyed the area that would become Hartford in 1843, james and Charles Rossman accompanied Nicolas Simon back to Hartford in 1844, and soon bought 40 acres around the rapids of the Rubicon River. After constructing a dam across rapids in the river, the Rossmans built a sawmill that harnessed the power of the water to make lumber for the growth of the area, rails were laid in 1855 that linked Chicago, Milwaukee, La Crosse and Minneapolis until the early 1900s. The town was named after Hartford, Connecticut, Hartford was a New England settlement. Most of them arrived as a result of the completion of the Erie Canal, when they arrived in what is now Hartford there was nothing but dense virgin forest and wild prairie. They laid out farms, constructed roads, erected government buildings, the settlers of Hartford brought with them many of their Yankee New England values such as a passion for education by establishing many schools, as well as staunchly supporting abolitionism. They were mostly members of the Congregationalist Church though some were Episcopalian, due to the second Great Awakening some of them had converted to Methodism and some had become Baptists before moving to Hartford. Hartford, like much of Wisconsin, was aligned with early New England culture for most of its early history, the first church in Hartford was the First Congregational Church, constructed by Yankee New England migrants. The Church was built in 1847, German and Irish immigrants began arriving after 1842, though initially in small numbers. In the late 1870s the number of German immigrants increased, several buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and among them are some of the Kissel houses as well as houses they built for others. The Hartford post office contains an oil on canvas mural, Autumn Wisconsin Landscape and it was produced for the Section of Painting and Sculpture of the Treasury Department as part of the WPA Depression-era employment projects. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.02 square miles. Hartford is located within the Kettle Moraine, a large moraine formed when the Green Bay and these glacial movements created varied land formations such as kettles, lakes, hills, and kames that distinguish the region. The city was the site of an F1 tornado on June 18,2006, which caused damage to homes in the area. Lincoln Elementary School and the Silver Bell Motel both suffered roof and structural damage, Hartford Municipal Airport serves the city and surrounding communities. As of the census of 2010, there were 14,223 people,5,685 households, the population density was 1,791.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 6,032 housing units at a density of 759.7 per square mile
3.
Xavier University
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Xavier University is a co-educational Jesuit, Catholic university in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The school is the sixth-oldest Catholic and fourth-oldest Jesuit university in the United States, Xavier has an undergraduate enrollment of 4,485 students and graduate enrollment of 2,165. Xavier is primarily an undergraduate, liberal arts institution, the school was founded in 1831 as a mens college in downtown Cincinnati next to St. Francis Xavier Church on Sycamore Street. The Athenaeum, as it was called, was dedicated to the patronage of Saint Francis Xavier by Bishop Edward Fenwick on October 17,1831. St. Xavier College moved in 1912 to its current North Avondale location, about 5 miles north of downtown Cincinnati, the original Anthenaeum is now the seminary of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. St. Xavier College and St. Xavier High School officially split in 1919, the schools name was changed a second time to its current name, Xavier University, in 1930. The Williams College of Business was established in 1961 and Xaviers first doctoral program in psychology began in 1997, Xavier fully admitted women in 1969, but women began attending the college in 1914 in the evening, weekend, and summer school divisions. Edgecliff College, another Catholic college in Cincinnati, merged with Xavier University in 1980, in 2000, Xavier opened its doors to the Cintas Center, an arena for the Musketeers. Xavier also opened the Gallagher Student Center in 2002, Smith Hall and the Conaton Learning Commons opened in 2010 as part of the James E. Hoff, S. J, Academic Quadrangle. Hoff was the Universitys 33rd President, 1991–2000, hoffs successor and 34th President, still serves Xavier. Fenwick Place, a complex, opened in the fall of 2011. At the center of campus are the Gallagher Student Center and Bellarmine Chapel, Bellarmine Chapels roof is in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid, also known as a saddle roof, that will not collapse, even if the Chapel walls were removed. The chapel is the home to the Bellarmine Catholic Parish, six buildings with castle architecture sit elevated overlooking Victory Parkway to the west and resemble a single fortress. Next to the Gallagher Student Center is Science Row, Lindner Hall, Logan Hall and it houses the Departments of Mathematics, Computer Science, English, History, Philosophy, and Theology. Schmidt Hall sits next as the University’s current Administration Building, followed by Edgecliff Hall, originally Alumni Science Hall, it was renamed after the former Edgecliff College and is home to the Department of Music. On the opposite side of the mall to the east stands the tallest structure on campus and it houses the Office of Admission and Office of Financial Aid as well as the Departments of Modern Languages, Classics, Communication Arts, Political Science, and Sociology. Next is McDonald Library followed by Alter Hall, which is being rebuilt, Alter Hall is the main classroom building on campus, and was scheduled to be reopened for the 2015 fall semester. Finally, Hailstones Hall, which was the home of the Williams College of Business, is adjoined behind Alter to the east
4.
New Orleans Saints
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The New Orleans Saints are a professional American football team based in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Saints currently compete in the National Football League as a member of the leagues National Football Conference South division, the team was founded by John W. Mecom Jr. David Dixon and the city of New Orleans. The Saints began play in Tulane Stadium in 1967, the franchise was founded on November 1,1966. The teams primary colors are old gold and black, their logo is a simplified fleur-de-lis and they played their home games in Tulane Stadium through the 1974 NFL season. The following year, they moved to the new Louisiana Superdome, for most of their first 20 years, the Saints were barely competitive, only getting to.500 twice. In 1987, they finished 12–3—their first-ever winning season—and qualified for the NFL playoffs for the first time in franchise history, the next season of 1988 ended with a 10–6 record. In the year 2000, the Saints defeated the St. Louis Rams 31–28 to notch their first-ever playoff win, in 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and much of the Gulf Coast region. The Superdome was used as a temporary shelter for displaced residents. The stadium suffered damage from the hurricane, and from lack of available facilities, ultimately, however, the Superdome was repaired and renovated in time for the 2006 season at an estimated cost of US$185 million. The New Orleans Saints first post-Katrina home game was an emotionally charged Monday Night Football game versus their division rival, the Atlanta Falcons. The Saints, under head coach Sean Payton and new quarterback Drew Brees, defeated the Falcons 23–3. The 2009 season was a one for the Saints. Winning a franchise-record 13 games, they qualified for Super Bowl XLIV, over the course of 49 seasons, the Saints have compiled an overall record of 331–418–5, with a regular-season record of 324–409–5 and a playoff record of 7–9. First the brainchild of local sports entrepreneur Dave Dixon, who founded the Louisiana Superdome and the USFL. Senator Russell Long, and then–NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle, the NFL needed congressional approval of the proposed AFL–NFL merger. Dixon and a civic group had been seeking an NFL franchise for over five years and had hosted record crowds for NFL exhibition games. To seal the merger, Rozelle arrived in New Orleans within a week, and announced on November 1,1966, when the deal was reached a week earlier, Dixon strongly suggested to Rozelle that the announcement be delayed until then. Dixon told an interviewer that he cleared the name with New Orleans Archbishop Philip M. Hannan
5.
Cincinnati Bengals
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The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football franchise based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Bengals currently compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues American Football Conference North division. Their home stadium is Paul Brown Stadium in downtown Cincinnati and their current head coach is Marvin Lewis, who has held the position since 2003 and is currently the second-longest tenured head coach in the NFL, behind the New England Patriots Bill Belichick. Their chief rivals are the Pittsburgh Steelers, Cleveland Browns, the Bengals were founded in 1966 as a member of the American Football League by former Cleveland Browns head coach Paul Brown. Brown was the Bengals head coach from their inception to 1975, after being dismissed as the Browns head coach by Art Modell in January 1963, Brown had shown interest in establishing another NFL franchise in Ohio and looked at both Cincinnati and Columbus. Due to the merger of the AFL and the NFL. The Bengals, like the other former AFL teams, were assigned to the AFC following the merger, Cincinnati was also selected because, like their neighbors the Reds, they could draw from several large neighboring cities that are all no more than 110 miles away from downtown Cincinnati. The Bengals won the AFC championship in 1981 and 1988, but lost Super Bowls XVI, after Paul Browns death in 1991, controlling interest in the team was inherited by his son, Mike Brown. In 2011, Brown purchased shares of the owned by the estate of co-founder Austin Knowlton and is now the majority owner of the Bengals franchise. The 1990s and the 2000s were a period of great struggle, following the 1990 season, the team went fourteen years without posting a winning record nor making the playoffs. The Bengals had several head coaches and several of their top draft picks did not pan out, Mike Brown, the teams de facto general manager, was rated as among the worst team owners in American professional sports. Since the mid-2000s, the teams fortunes have improved, two years after becoming head coach, Lewis guided the Bengals to their first winning season and first division title in over a decade. After the acquisition of Andy Dalton as quarterback in 2011, the Bengals had made the playoffs each season until 2016, the Bengals drafts are also highly touted, leading to a consistency that had long escaped the franchise. However, the team has remained unable to win in the postseason and have not won a game since 1990. The Bengals are one of the 13 NFL teams to not have won a Super Bowl as of the 2016 season, the franchise takes its name from an earlier Cincinnati Bengals team, which played from 1937–1941. It also was a nod to Paul Browns Massillon, Ohio, in 1967, an ownership group led by Paul Brown was granted a franchise in the American Football League. Brown named the team the Bengals in order to give it a link with past professional football in Cincinnati, another Bengals team had existed in the city and played in three previous American Football Leagues from 1937 to 1942. The citys world-renowned zoo was home to a rare white Bengal tiger
6.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
7.
Lineman (gridiron football)
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In gridiron football, a lineman is a player who specializes in play at the line of scrimmage. The linemen of the currently in possession of the ball are the offensive line. A number of NFL rules specifically address restrictions and requirements for the offensive line, linemen are usually the largest players on the field in both height and weight, since their positions usually require less running and more strength than skill positions. An offensive linemans motion during a play is limited to just a few quick steps to establish position. Offensive linemen thus tend to be the largest players on the field, with excellent agility and balance, most pro and college football offensive lineman tend to weigh over 300 pounds. On passing plays, the line is responsible for stopping defensive players from tackling the quarterback before he has thrown the ball. The interior offensive line consists of the center, who is responsible for snapping the ball into play, in addition to the interior line, a full offensive line may also include a Tight End outside one or both of the tackles. However, ends are eligible to catch passes, when an offensive lineman knocks a player down on a block, leaving the defensive player lying flat on his back, it is colloquially known as a pancake block. When an offensive line has an number of men on either side of the center. The defensive line consists of one or two defensive tackles and two ends who play outside the defensive tackles. The defensive line works with the linebackers to try to control the line of scrimmage, the 4-3 defensive formation, most commonly used in the NFL, employs two defensive tackles, while the 3-4 formation uses just a single defensive tackle, called the nose tackle. However, defensive ends in a typical 3-4 have responsibilities more similar to a 4-3 defensive tackle than 4-3 defensive ends, on running plays, the goal is to tackle the ball carrier. The defensive tackles are usually the most skilled run defenders on the team, on passing plays, the defensive line tries to reach the quarterback. Defensive ends are usually the most skilled pass rushers on the team, in order to increase the pressure on the quarterback, teams will often have players other than the defensive line attempt to tackle the quarterback, this is called a blitz. Defensive linemen—particularly defensive ends—are called upon to do more running than offensive linemen, thus they usually tend to be somewhat lighter and faster
8.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams
9.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
10.
Cincinnati
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Cincinnati is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio that serves as county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the side of the confluence of the Licking with the Ohio River. With a population of 298,550, Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and its metropolitan statistical area is the 28th-largest in the United States and the largest centered in Ohio. The city is part of the larger Cincinnati–Middletown–Wilmington combined statistical area. In the 19th century, Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the heart of the country, it rivaled the larger cities in size. Throughout much of the 19th century, it was listed among the top 10 U. S and it was by far the largest city in the west. By the end of the 19th century, with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping, trade patterns had altered and Cincinnatis growth slowed considerably. Cincinnati is home to two sports teams, the Cincinnati Reds, the oldest franchise in Major League Baseball. The University of Cincinnati, founded in 1819, is one of the 50 largest in the United States, Cincinnati is known for its historic architecture. In the late 1800s, Cincinnati was commonly referred to as Paris of America, due mainly to such ambitious projects as the Music Hall, Cincinnatian Hotel. The original surveyor, John Filson, named it Losantiville, in 1790, Arthur St. Ethnic Germans were among the early settlers, migrating from Pennsylvania and the backcountry of Virginia and Tennessee. General David Ziegler succeeded General St. Clair in command at Fort Washington, after the conclusion of the Northwest Indian Wars and removal of Native Americans to the west, he was elected as the mayor of Cincinnati in 1802. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city in 1819, exporting pork products and hay, it became a center of pork processing in the region. From 1810 to 1830 its population tripled, from 9,642 to 24,831. Completion of the Miami and Erie Canal in 1827 to Middletown, Ohio further stimulated businesses, the city had a labor shortage until large waves of immigration by Irish and Germans in the late 1840s. The city grew rapidly over the two decades, reaching 115,000 persons by 1850. Construction on the Miami and Erie Canal began on July 21,1825, the first section of the canal was opened for business in 1827. In 1827, the canal connected Cincinnati to nearby Middletown, by 1840, during this period of rapid expansion and prominence, residents of Cincinnati began referring to the city as the Queen City
11.
University of Cincinnati
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The University of Cincinnati is a comprehensive public research university in Cincinnati, in the U. S. state of Ohio, and a part of the University System of Ohio. In the 2010 survey by Times Higher Education, the university was ranked in the top 100 universities in North America, beginning with the 2011 edition of the U. S. This includes being the number 3 ranked university in the nation in the Up-and-Coming National Universities section of the 2014 edition, in 2014, U. S. News & World Report ranked UC in the top 200 of universities worldwide. The university garners roughly $400 million per annum in research funding, ranking 22nd among public universities in the United States. The school offers over 100 bachelors degrees, over 300 degree-granting programs, with an economic impact of over $3.5 billion per year, it is the largest single employer in Greater Cincinnati. In 1819, Cincinnati College and the Medical College of Ohio were founded in Cincinnati, local benefactor Dr. Daniel Drake founded and funded the Medical College of Ohio. William Lytle of the Lytle family donated the land, funded the Cincinnati College and Law College, the college survived only six years before financial difficulties forced it to close. In 1835, Daniel Drake reestablished the institution, which joined with the Cincinnati Law School. In 1858, Charles McMicken died of pneumonia and in his will he allocated most of his estate to the City of Cincinnati to found a university, the universitys board of rectors changed the institutions name to the University of Cincinnati. By 1893, the University expanded beyond its primary location on Clifton Avenue, as the university expanded, the rectors merged the institution with Cincinnati Law School, establishing the University of Cincinnati College of Law. In 1896, the Ohio Medical College joined Miami Medical College to form the Ohio-Miami Medical Department of the University of Cincinnati in 1909. As political movements for temperance and suffrage grew, the university established Teachers College in 1905, the Queen City College of Pharmacy, acquired from Wilmington College, became the present James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy. In 1962, the Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music was acquired by the university, the Ohio legislature in Columbus declared the university a municipally-sponsored, state-affiliated institution in 1968. During this time, the University of Cincinnati was the second oldest and second-largest municipal university in the United States, by an act of the legislature, the University of Cincinnati became a state institution in 1977. In 1989, President Joseph A. Steger released a Master Plan for a stronger academy, over this time, the university invested nearly $2 billion in campus construction, renovation, and expansion ranging from the student union to a new recreation center to the medical school. It included renovation and construction of buildings, a campus forest. Upon her inauguration in 2005, President Nancy L. Zimpher developed the UC|21 plan, in addition, it includes putting liberal arts education at the center, increasing research funding, and expanding involvement in the city. In 2009, Gregory H. Williams was named the 27th president of the University of Cincinnati and his presidency expanded the accreditation and property of the institution to regions throughout Ohio to compete with private and specialized state institutions, such as Ohio State University
12.
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
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Sturgeon Bay is a city in and the county seat of Door County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 9,144 at the 2010 census and it is located at the natural end of Sturgeon Bay, although the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal was built across the remainder of the Door Peninsula. Sturgeon Bay is located at 44°49′56″N 87°22′19″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.66 square miles, of which,9.82 square miles is land and 1.84 square miles is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,144 people,4,288 households and 2,385 families, the population density was 931.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,903 housing units at a density of 499.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 1% White,1. 0% African American,0. 9% Native American,0. 6% Asian,1. 0% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 7% of the population. 38. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.74. The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 19. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 5% were from 25 to 44, 31% were from 45 to 64, and 19. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 1% male and 51. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 9,437 people,4,048 households, and 2,432 families residing in the city. The population density was 981.4 people per square mile, there were 4,447 housing units at an average density of 462.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 22% White,0. 33% Black or African American,0. 78% Native American,0. 37% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 46% from other races, and 0. 82% from two or more races. 1. 28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,35. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the family size was 2.92. In the city, the population was out with 23. 5% under the age of 18,7. 6% from 18 to 24,26. 6% from 25 to 44,23. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males, the median income for a household in the city was $31,935, and the median income for a family was $45,084. Males had an income of $31,879 versus $21,414 for females
13.
O. J. Simpson
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Orenthal James O. J. Simpson, nicknamed The Juice, is a former American football running back, broadcaster, actor, and convicted armed robber and kidnapper. Simpson attended the University of Southern California, where he played football for the USC Trojans. He played professionally in the National Football League as a back for 11 seasons, with the Buffalo Bills from 1969 to 1977. In 1973, he became the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season, holding the record for the single season yards-per-game average, which stands at 143.1. He is the player to ever rush for over 2,000 yards in the 14-game regular season NFL format. Simpson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983, after retiring from football, he began new careers in acting and football broadcasting. In 1995, Simpson was acquitted of the 1994 murders of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman after a lengthy and internationally publicised trial. The families of the victims filed a suit against him. In 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 2008, he was convicted and sentenced to 33 years imprisonment, with a minimum of nine years without parole. He is serving his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center in Lovelock, born and raised in San Francisco, California, Simpson is the son of Eunice, a hospital administrator, and Jimmy Lee Simpson, a chef and bank custodian. His father was a drag queen in the San Francisco area. Later in life, Jimmy Simpson announced that he was gay, Simpsons maternal grandparents were from Louisiana, and his aunt gave him the name Orenthal, which she said was the name of a French actor she liked. Simpson has one brother, Melvin Leon Truman Simpson, one living sister, Shirley Simpson-Baker, as a child, Simpson developed rickets and wore braces on his legs until the age of five. His parents separated in 1952, and he was raised by his mother, growing up in San Francisco, Simpson and his family lived in the housing projects of the Potrero Hill neighborhood. In his early years, he joined a street gang called the Persian Warriors and was briefly incarcerated at the San Francisco Youth Guidance Center. At Galileo High School in San Francisco, Simpson played for the football team. From 1965 to 1966, Simpson was a student at City College of San Francisco and he played both offense and defense and was named to the Junior College All-American team as a running back. Simpson was awarded a scholarship to the University of Southern California in Los Angeles
14.
Joe Greene
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Charles Edward Greene, better known as Mean Joe Greene, is a former American football defensive tackle who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League from 1969 to 1981. He was noted for his leadership, fierce competitiveness, and intimidating style of play for which he earned his nickname, Greene attended North Texas State University, where he earned consensus All-America honors as a senior for the North Texas State Mean Green football team. He was drafted by the Steelers fourth overall in the 1969 NFL Draft and made an impact with the team. Greene is credited with providing the foundation upon which Steelers coach Chuck Noll turned the franchise into a sports dynasty. He was the cornerstone of the Steel Curtain defense that led Pittsburgh to four Super Bowl championships in a six-year span, throughout his career, Greene was one of the most dominant defensive players in the NFL, overpowering opposing offensive linemen with ease. Former teammate Andy Russell called Greene unquestionably the NFLs best player in the seventies and he is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the College Football Hall of Fame, and his number 75 jersey is retired by both the North Texas football team and the Steelers. Greene is also known for his appearance in the Hey Kid. Coca-Cola commercial in 1979, which aired during Super Bowl XIV, charles Edward Greene was born September 24,1946, in Elgin, Texas. He played high school football at Dunbar High School in Temple, despite Greenes talents, the Dunbar Panthers had a mediocre record, and he was not heavily recruited by colleges. His options were limited due to segregation of the Southwest Conference. He was eventually offered a scholarship to college football at North Texas State University. He led the team to a 23–5–1 record during his three seasons, in his 29 games at defensive tackle, North Texas State held the opposition to 2,507 yards gained on 1,276 rushes, a per-carry average of less than two yards per attempt. Greene was a three-time All-Missouri Valley Conference selection and his college coach, Rod Rust, said of Greene, There are two factors behind Joes success. First, he has the ability to make the big defensive play, second, he has the speed to be an excellent pursuit player. A pro scout said, Hes tough and mean and comes to hit people, while sources agree the name is a reference to North Texas athletics teams, the Mean Green, there are conflicting accounts as to how, when, and why Greene received his Mean Greene nickname. When he first arrived at North Texas, the moniker was the Eagles. In 1966, Greenes first year on the varsity team, the team adopted the Mean Green moniker, two possible origins of the nickname are two separate cheers that supposedly developed independently during North Texas 1966 game against UTEP. One cheer was by Sidney Sue Graham, wife of the North Texas sports information director, in response to a tackle by Greene, she blurted out, That’s the way, Mean Greene
15.
Larry Smith (running back)
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William Lawrence Smith is an American former college and professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League for six seasons during the 1960s and 1970s. Smith played college football for the University of Florida, and earned All-American honors and he was a first-round pick in the 1969 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the Los Angeles Rams and Washington Redskins of the NFL. Smith was born in 1947 in Tampa, Florida, and attended Thomas Richard Robinson High School in Tampa and he finished his high school career with forty-seven touchdowns, and received all-county, all-state, and Parade magazine high school All-American accolades. Smith accepted a scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Memorably, Smith had a 94-yard touchdown run in the Gators 27–12 victory over the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets in the 1967 Orange Bowl—while struggling to keep his pants up and his 187 yards rushing in the Orange Bowl resulted in him being named the games Outstanding Player. He finished his football career with 528 carries for 2,186 yards and twenty-four rushing touchdowns. He was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference selection in 1966,1967 and 1968, Smith was also the recipient of the Gators Fergie Ferguson Award, recognizing the senior football player who displays outstanding leadership, character and courage. Smith graduated from Florida with a degree in business administration in 1970. In a 2006 article series written for The Gainesville Sun, he was recognized as No.29 among the top 100 Gator players from the first 100 years of Florida football. Smith was selected in the first round of the 1969 NFL Draft by the Los Angeles Rams, and played for the Rams from 1969 to 1973 and his rookie year with the Rams was his most productive season,599 yards rushing and 300 yards receiving. After five seasons with the Rams, he was traded to the Redskins in 1974 as part of coach George Allens effort to rebuild the Redskins with experienced players and he received few carries with the Redskins, however, accumulating only 149 yards in seven games, with no touchdowns. In his six NFL seasons, Smith gained 2,057 yards rushing on 528 carries for eleven touchdowns, he also had 149 receptions for 1,176 yards receiving, Smith returned to the University of Florida to earn a masters degree in business administration in 1975. In 1982, he graduated from the Stetson University College of Law with a law degree, Smith is married, and he and his wife have two daughters and a son. An Oral History of Floridas Pursuit of Gridiron Glory, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, hairston, Jack, Tales from the Gator Swamp, A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois. McCarthy, Kevin M. Fightin Gators, A History of University of Florida Football, Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, mcEwen, Tom, The Gators, A Story of Florida Football, The Strode Publishers, Huntsville, Alabama. The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football, Sports Publishing, Inc
16.
Fred Dryer
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John Frederick Fred Dryer is an American actor and former American football defensive end in the National Football League. He played for 13 years in the NFL, having played in 176 games, starting in 1966 and he is the only NFL player to score two safeties in one game. Following his retirement from football, Dryer had a career as a film and television actor. His height of 6 ft 6 in and physique are useful for his action roles, Dryer was inducted to the El Camino C. C. Athletic Hall Of Fame in 1988, as a member and was the Athlete of the Year for his 1966 performance on the football field. Dryer was also a 1966 Junior College All-American During Dryers junior and senior seasons and they were the College Division National Champions in both seasons. In 1967 they topped both the Associated Press and United Press International polls as #1, in 1968 San Diego State was voted the champions by UPI and North Dakota State topped the AP poll and thus the two schools shared the College-Division title. Dryer was voted the defensive lineman on the team and as such was the recipient of the Byron H. Chase Memorial Trophy. One of Dryers teammates was Carl Weathers, who played Apollo Creed in the first four films of the Rocky series, in 1967 the Aztecs allowed 12.9 points a game on defense, which is still ninth in SDSU history. In 1967 and 1968 the Aztec run defense allowed just 80.1 and 100.1 yards per game, still fourth and fifth, Dryer was named to the Little All-America team in 1968 since at the time the school was 1-AA. Dryer played in the East-West Shrine Game in San Francisco, the Hula Bowl in Honolulu, Dryer was a vegetarian for 10 years. In 1988, Dryer was inducted into the San Diego State University Aztec Hall of Fame, in 1997 Dryer received college footballs ultimate honor in being voted to the College Football Hall of Fame and is one of only three SDSU Aztecs in the collegiate Hall of Fame. Dryer was drafted in the first round of the 1969 NFL Draft by the New York Giants and he was the starting right defensive end from 1969 through 1971. He led the team in quarterback sacks each of three seasons with 8½ in 1969,12 in 1970 and 8½ in 1971. He was among the leaders in other categories as well. In 1969 he tallied 58 tackles, six passes deflected and forced two fumbles and recovered two, the next season Dryer was an alternate to the Pro Bowl but could not play due to a bruised hip. He was Second-team All-NFC after recording 69 tackles four pass deflections, in 1971 he again led the team with 8½ sacks, and totaled 62 tackles. Dryer also deflected two passes, forced two fumbles and recovered two for the third consecutive season
17.
Roger Wehrli
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Roger Wehrli is a former National Football League cornerback who played his entire 14-year career with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1969 until 1982. He was a seven-time Pro Bowler after playing football at the University of Missouri, where he was a consensus All-American. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2007, Wehrli was born in New Point, Missouri. His parents were teachers and his father was a district superintendent. They enrolled Roger in school at the age of 5, as a result, he started his freshman year of high school at the age of 13. In 1965, Dan Devine recruited Wehrli from King City, Missouri, where he lettered in football, basketball, Wehrli was assigned to defense by University of Missouri coach Dan Devine. Despite playing on defense, Wehrli was able to get his hands on the ball enough to be an offensive threat. Wehrli was a two-time All-Big 8 player and was the Big 8 Defensive Player of the Year as a senior and that same year, he was a unanimous All-America selection. Roger had ten interceptions, with seven coming in his senior season, also returning kickoffs. In 1968, his 40 punt returns and 12-yard return average led the nation, to finish off an 8-3 season, Wehrli had a decisive interception to help lead the Missouri to a 35-10 victory over the University of Alabama in the Gator Bowl. At the time of his College Hall of Fame induction he held records for career punt returns, punt return yards in a game, season. He played in the Senior Bowl and was named to the 50-year Anniversary All-Senior Bowl team, Wehrli was a member of the first class of inductees into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame, located in Springfield. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003, Wehrli is the 13th person with ties to the University of Missouri to be inducted into the College Hall of Fame. In 1990, Wehrli was voted a member of the University of Missouri Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame. Wehrlis outstanding attribute was his speed, originally expected to be taken in the third round, he ran a 4.540 yard dash and vaulted into the first round. Hall of Fame quarterback Roger Staubach has called Wehrli the best cornerback he played against, in his career, Wehrli had 40 career interceptions for 309 yards and recovered 19 fumbles. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2007, when inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he became the second Missouri player to be elected, joining former tight end Kellen Winslow, who was enshrined in 1995. Wehrli was inducted into the Cardinals Ring of Honor on October 14,2007, an All-Rookie choice in 1969, Wehrli was voted All-Pro in 1970 and was a consensus All-NFC selection including being voted to the Pro Bowl
18.
Ron Johnson (running back)
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Ronald Adolphis Johnson is a former American football running back. Johnson played college football at the position for the University of Michigan from 1966 to 1968. He set a Michigan school record in 1967 by rushing for 270 yards in a game, in 1968, he became the first African-American to serve as the captain of a Michigan football team. He set an NCAA record by rushing for 347 yards in a game and he also set Michigan records with 2,524 career rushing yards,19 rushing touchdowns in a season, and 139.1 rushing yards per game in 1968. He also led the NFL in rushing attempts in both 1970 and 1972, Johnson retired as a player in 1976, was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1992, and became chairman of the National Football Foundation in 2006. He was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease in 2008, Johnson was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1947. His father, Arthur Johnson, had an education. Ron followed Alex to Northwestern High School, becoming a baseball and football player. Johnson enrolled at the University of Michigan in the fall of 1965, as a sophomore in 1966, Johnson gained 44 yards on 12 carries, seeing limited playing time in a backfield that included seniors Carl Ward and Jim Detwiler. As a junior in 1967, Johnson became the Wolverines starting halfback and he also had 100-yard games that same year against Michigan State, Minnesota, and 167 yards against Northwestern. He set a Big Ten record with his 42 carries against Northwestern, as a senior, Johnson was captain of the 1968 Michigan Wolverines football team, the first African-American player to receive the honor at Michigan. Johnson led the 1968 team, originally predicted to be an also-ran in the Big Ten, to an 8-2 record and he rushed for 1,391 yards on 255 carries in 10 games during the 1968 season. In the second game of the 1968 season, Johnson tallied his second 200-yard game, rushing for 189 yards in the first half alone and he followed with three consecutive 100-yard games against Navy Michigan State, and Indiana. On November 16,1968, in his next-to-last game for Michigan and he also scored a Big Ten record five rushing touchdowns in Michigans 34-9 victory over the Badgers. The Chicago Tribune hailed Johnsons performance against Wisconsin as the most explosive display of running in the history of the Big Ten conference. His 347 rushing yards remains a Michigan single-game rushing record, Johnson also set several career and season records at Michigan. His 2,524 rushing yards set a new rushing record at Michigan. He also set Big Ten single-season records with 92 points scored and 1,017 rushing yards in seven games during the 1968 season
19.
Calvin Hill
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Calvin G. Hill is a retired American football player. He played running back in the National Football League for twelve seasons, Hill played for the NFL Dallas Cowboys, Washington Redskins, and Cleveland Browns. He also played a season with The Hawaiians of the World Football League in 1975, Hill was named to the Pro Bowl team four times. In 1972, he became the first Cowboy running back to have a 1, 000-yard rushing season, Yale University conferred to Hill a honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree at its 2016 commencement. You are a Yale legend is the sentence of the citation honoring Hill. Hill was awarded a scholarship to attend the Riverdale Country School in The Bronx and he quarterbacked the team during the 1963,1964 and 1965 seasons. Hill, a highly touted high school talent, decided to attend Yale University to become the first African-American quarterback in school history after visiting the campus. He was a student at the secondary school. The second day of practices at Yale, the coaching staff shifted Hill to linebacker on the freshman team, after four days at linebacker he was moved to halfback, where he remained for the rest of his football career. Hill and Dowling had incomparable on-field chemistry, Hill could pass, and Dowling could run, and both could catch passes. Hill, who threw six halfback option passes for touchdowns at Yale, Hill and Dowling led the 1968 Yale team to an undefeated season, although the last game of the season ended in a 29-29 tie at Soldiers Field in Boston, MA, marred the achievement. During his three years as a starter, the Bulldogs posted records respectively of 4-5, 8-1 and 8-0-1, Hill also played tight end or linebacker in some games. Hill was a subject, along with Dowling, of Garry Trudeaus Bull Tales cartoons in the Yale Daily News, Bull Tales was the forerunner of the Pulitzer Prize winning Doonesbury. Hill was a sprinter and jumper for the Yale track team and he holds the school record for the outdoor triple jump. He was the 1967 and 1968 long jump and triple jump Ivy League Heptagonal Outdoor Track & Field Champion, Hill graduated with the Yale College Class of 1969. The Calvin Hill Daycare Center, New Haven, Connecticut was founded by fellow Baltimore, the Center serves children in New Haven and has been noted as a model for daycare services. Hill was selected 24th overall in the 1969 NFL draft by the Dallas Cowboys, at the time this selection was widely questioned, because teams did not think they could find professional players at elite colleges. The Cowboys drafted him as an athlete, so he spent his first few days in training camp as a linebacker and he got his chance at playing halfback in the second exhibition game, because the team was experiencing problems at running back during that training camp
20.
Archie Manning
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Elisha Archibald Archie Manning III is a former American football quarterback who played professionally for 16 seasons in the National Football League. He played in the NFL for the New Orleans Saints from 1971 to 1982, in college, he played for the Ole Miss Rebels football team at the University of Mississippi, and was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Manning is the father of Cooper Manning, former Indianapolis Colts and Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning, Peyton and Eli have each won two Super Bowls. Born in Drew, Mississippi, Manning was the son of Jane Elizabeth and Elisha Archibald Manning and he grew up heavily involved in football, basketball, baseball, and track. His father, known as Buddy, was interested in Archies sports activities, instead, Archie III drew his inspiration from a local high school sports star, James Hobson. His mother was a presence at all of his games. Archie was selected in the Major League Baseball draft four times, first in 1967 by the Braves, twice by the White Sox, and finally by the Royals in 1971. In the summer of 1969 his father, Buddy Manning, committed suicide and Archie, Manning attended the University of Mississippi in Oxford and was the starting quarterback at Ole Miss for three years. In the first national prime time broadcast of a football game, Manning threw for 436 yards. However, the rest of the team was not at his level, in his college career, he threw for 4,753 yards and 31 touchdowns and ran for 823 yards. He scored 14 touchdowns in 1969, in both 1969 and 1970, he was named to the All-SEC team and his No.18 jersey was retired by Ole Miss. He was fourth in the Heisman Trophy voting in 1969 and third in 1970, Manning was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1989. Mannings legacy is honored to this day on the campus of Ole Miss where the limit is eighteen miles per hour in honor of Mannings jersey number. During his time at Ole Miss, Manning was a brother of Sigma Nu fraternity and he was named Southeastern Conference Quarterback of the Quarter Century by several publications. Manning was the second pick in the 1971 NFL Draft. During his tenure in New Orleans, the Saints had nine losing seasons and they only managed to get to.500 once, in 1979, which was also the only season they finished higher than third in their division. Nevertheless, he was respected by NFL peers. For example, he was sacked 340 times during his Saints career, according to Sports Illustrated senior writer Paul Zimmerman, it should have been much more than that
