1.
The Unstoppable Juggernaut (X-Men)
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The Unstoppable Juggernaut is an episode of the X-Men animated series, originally airing on March 6,1993. This episode is based loosely on Uncanny X-Men #12 and it introduces The Unstoppable Juggernaut to the series. When the X-Men return from a mission, they discover that the X-Mansion is destroyed, Storm, Jean, Rogue and Wolverine check the remains of the school to find any traces of the destroyer or from Professor X. They dont find a body and Jean cant reach him telepathically and they are then called to the unharmed control room by Cyclops and Jubilee, who have found a message from the Professor. He informs them that he will be gone for some time, fortunately, the message is recorded before the school was destroyed, so he has most likely not perished in the rubble. Wolverine finds a large footprint and picks up a scent that he believes is from the person that trashed the school, despite Cyclops orders against it, Wolverine goes after the suspected destroyer, followed by Storm, Rogue and Jubilee. In the city, the three split up to look for Wolverine, however, Jubilee spots a mutant on a building site who appears to be made out of pure steel. Thinking he is the one responsible for trashing the school, she goes after him and she is saved, however by Wolverine they attack the mutant, Colossus, who easily defeats them, stating he does not know about a mansion. When he gets away, Wolverine says he was not the one because he smelled different and they are interrupted by Rogue, who informs them about a robbery going on. Arriving at the scene, they see that Colossus is being carried away by the police, Wolverine, convinced of his innocence, says they have captured the wrong one, and Storm and Rogue agree to rescue him from prison. In prison, they meet Beast, and break Colossus out, Jubilee and Wolverine find the real culprit, Juggernaut, robbing a bank, and try to apprehend him, but Juggernaut is too strong. Soon, Storm, Rogue, Colossus, Cyclops and Jean arrive at the scene, Jean explains that she cant mind-control Juggernaut as long as his helmet is on. Cyclops thinks that they can defeat him, as long as they work as a team, the plan works, thanks to the combined attacks of the X-Men and the strength of Colossus. Rogue manages to absorb some of his powers, revealing why he destroyed the mansion, Xavier is his half-brother, Wolverine releases his helmet and Jean wipes his mind clean, Juggernaut is harmless. Back at the mansion, Colossus helps them with rebuilding, Wolverine invites him to stay and join the X-Men, but Colossus chooses to resume his journey. Looking at the mansion, Wolverine and Jubilee both realize that they have come to consider the mansion as their home. This episode is used as the basis for My Way Entertainments internet parody J3, Shadow of the Colossi, cal Dodd — Wolverine Norm Spencer — Cyclops Cedric Smith — Professor Charles Xavier Lenore Zann — Rogue George Buza — Beast Catherine Disher — Jean Grey Alyson Court — Jubilee
2.
Uncanny X-Men
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Uncanny X-Men, originally published as The X-Men, is an American comic book series published by Marvel Comics since 1963, and is the longest-running series in the X-Men comics franchise. It features a team of superheroes called the X-Men, a group of mutants with superhuman abilities led, the title was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, met with a lukewarm reception, and was eventually cancelled in 1970. Interest was rekindled with 1975s Giant-Size X-Men and the debut of a new, initially published bi-monthly, it became a monthly with issue #14. The series was placed firmly in the Marvel Universe, with guest appearances by Namor in #6, the jungle adventure hero Ka-Zar and the Savage Land were introduced in issue #10. Roy Thomas wrote the series from #20 to #44, Thomas and artist Werner Roth created the Banshee in #28. The X-Men #45 featured a crossover with The Avengers #53, after a battle with the Hulk in issue #66, the title ceased publishing original material and featured reprints in issues #67 through #93. X-Men was relaunched in May 1975 with Giant-Size X-Men #1, by Len Wein, the title featured a new, international, team consisting of Cyclops, Banshee, Sunfire and Wolverine, along with new characters Storm, Nightcrawler, Colossus and Thunderbird. The original plan was to continue Giant-Size X-Men as a quarterly, chris Claremonts first issue as writer, #94, had all the original X-Men leave, along with Sunfire, Thunderbird was killed in #95. Moira MacTaggert, an ally of the X-Men, and later to be established as a former fiancée of Xavier. Marvel Girl became the Phoenix in issue #101 and this was followed by the first Shiar space opera story. Cockrum was replaced as penciller by John Byrne as of #108, Byrne became co-plotter, and during his run the series became a monthly title again. In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Claremont and Byrnes run on The X-Men second on its list of the Top 10 1970s Marvels. The Dark Phoenix Saga in 1980 led to a change in the line-up of the team, with the death of Phoenix, and Cyclops leaving the team to mourn for her. Comics writers and historians Roy Thomas and Peter Sanderson observed that The Dark Phoenix Saga is to Claremont and Byrne what the Galactus Trilogy is to Stan Lee and it is a landmark in Marvel history, showcasing its creators work at the height of their abilities. The new teenage mutant Kitty Pryde was introduced in #129 and joined the X-Men in #139, the Dazzler, a disco-singing, roller-skating mutant, was introduced in #130, but did not join the team, instead headlining her own solo title. Byrne plotted the story wanting to depict the Sentinels as a threat to the existence of the mutant race. Mystiques Brotherhood changed sides and became the government-backed Freedom Force in #199 and their first action was to capture Magneto, who had begun associating with the X-Men during the Secret Wars II crossover. Magneto surrenders himself, but escapes after his trial is abandoned, the Morlocks, a group of disfigured mutants living underneath New York City, were introduced in #169
3.
Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
4.
X-Men
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The X-Men is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 and they are among the most recognizable and successful intellectual properties of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games. The X-Men are mutants, a subspecies of humans who are born with superhuman abilities, the X-Men fight for peace and equality between normal humans and mutants in a world where antimutant bigotry is fierce and widespread. They are led by Charles Xavier, also known as Professor X and their archenemy is Magneto, a powerful mutant with the ability to generate and control magnetic fields. Professor X and Magneto have opposing views and philosophies regarding the relationship between mutants and humans, Professor X is the founder of Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters at a location commonly called the X-Mansion, which recruits mutants from around the world. Located in Westchester County, New York, the X-Mansion is the home and training site of the X-Men. The founding five members of the X-Men who appear in The X-Men #1 are Angel, Beast, Cyclops, Iceman, since then, dozens of mutants from various countries and diverse backgrounds have held membership as X-Men. In 2004, Stan Lee recalled, I couldnt have everybody bitten by a spider or exposed to a gamma ray explosion. And I took the way out. I said to myself, Why dont I just say theyre mutants, in a 1987 interview, Jack Kirby said, The X-Men, I did the natural thing there. What would you do with mutants who were just plain boys and girls, so I gave them a teacher, Professor X. Of course, it was the thing to do, instead of disorienting or alienating people who were different from us, I made the X-Men part of the human race. Possibly, radiation, if it is beneficial, may create mutants that’ll save us instead of doing us harm. I felt that if we train the mutants our way, they’ll help us - and not only help us, and so, we could all live together. Lee devised the title after Marvel publisher Martin Goodman turned down the initial name, The Mutants. Within the Marvel Universe, the X-Men are widely regarded to have named after Professor Xavier himself. Xavier however claims that the name X-Men was never chosen as a tribute to himself, the name is also linked to the X-Gene, an unknown gene that causes the mutant evolution. The original explanation for the name, as provided by Xavier in The X-Men #1, is that mutants possess an extra power, one which ordinary humans do not
5.
Stan Lee
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Stan Lee is an American comic-book writer, editor, publisher, media producer, television host, actor, and former president and chairman of Marvel Comics. In addition, he challenged the comics industrys censorship organization, the Comics Code Authority, Lee subsequently led the expansion of Marvel Comics from a small division of a publishing house to a large multimedia corporation. He was inducted into the book industrys Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1994. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 and his father, trained as a dress cutter, worked only sporadically after the Great Depression, and the family moved further uptown to Fort Washington Avenue, in Washington Heights, Manhattan. When Lee was nearly 9, his sibling, brother Larry Lieber, was born. He said in 2006 that as a child he was influenced by books and movies, by the time Lee was in his teens, the family was living in a one-bedroom apartment at 1720 University Avenue in The Bronx. Lee has described it as an apartment facing out back, with he and his brother sharing a bedroom. Lee attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx, in his youth, Lee enjoyed writing, and entertained dreams of one day writing the Great American Novel. He graduated from school early, aged 16½ in 1939. With the help of his uncle Robbie Solomon, Lee became an assistant in 1939 at the new Timely Comics division of pulp magazine, Timely, by the 1960s, would evolve into Marvel Comics. Lee, whose cousin Jean was Goodmans wife, was hired by Timely editor Joe Simon. His duties were prosaic at first, in those days dipped the pen in ink, I had to make sure the inkwells were filled, Lee recalled in 2009. I went down and got them their lunch, I did proofreading, Lee later explained in his autobiography and numerous other sources that he had intended to save his given name for more literary work. This initial story also introduced Captain Americas trademark ricocheting shield-toss, which became one of the characters signatures. He graduated from writing filler to actual comics with a feature, Headline Hunter, Foreign Correspondent. Lees first superhero co-creation was the Destroyer, in Mystic Comics #6, other characters he created during this period fans and historians call the Golden Age of comics include Jack Frost, debuting in USA Comics #1, and Father Time, debuting in Captain America Comics #6. When Simon and his creative partner Jack Kirby left late in 1941, following a dispute with Goodman, Lee entered the United States Army in early 1942 and served in the US in the Signal Corps, repairing telegraph poles and other communications equipment. He was later transferred to the Training Film Division, where he worked writing manuals, training films, and slogans and his military classification, he says, was playwright, he adds that only nine men in the US Army were given that title
6.
Jack Kirby
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Jack Kirby, born Jacob Kurtzberg, was an American comic book artist, writer, and editor, widely regarded as one of the mediums major innovators and one of its most prolific and influential creators. Kirby grew up in New York City, and learned to draw cartoon figures by tracing characters from comic strips and he entered the nascent comics industry in the 1930s, drawing various comics features under different pen names, including Jack Curtiss, before ultimately settling on Jack Kirby. In 1940, he and writer-editor Joe Simon created the highly successful superhero character Captain America for Timely Comics, during the 1940s, Kirby, generally teamed with Simon, created numerous characters for that company and for National Comics Publications, later to become DC Comics. After serving in World War II, Kirby produced work for a number of publishers, including DC, Harvey Comics, at Crestwood Publications he and Simon created the genre of romance comics and later founded their own short-lived comic company, Mainline Publications. Ultimately, Kirby found himself at Timelys 1950s iteration, Atlas Comics, there, in the 1960s, Kirby and writer-editor Stan Lee co-created many of the companys major characters, including the Fantastic Four, the X-Men, and the Hulk. The Lee-Kirby titles garnered high sales and critical acclaim, but in 1970, feeling he had been treated unfairly, at DC, Kirby created his Fourth World saga, which spanned several comics titles. While these series proved unsuccessful and were canceled, the Fourth Worlds New Gods have continued as a significant part of the DC Universe. Kirby returned to Marvel briefly in the mid-to-late 1970s, then ventured into television animation, Kirby was married to Rosalind Roz Goldstein in 1942. They had four children, and remained married until his death from heart failure in 1994, the Jack Kirby Awards and Jack Kirby Hall of Fame were named in his honor. Jack Kirby was born Jacob Kurtzberg on August 28,1917, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City and his parents, Rose and Benjamin Kurtzberg, were Austrian Jewish immigrants, and his father earned a living as a garment factory worker. In his youth, Kirby desired to escape his neighborhood and he liked to draw, and sought out places he could learn more about art. He was rejected by the Educational Alliance because he drew too fast with charcoal and he later found an outlet for his skills by drawing cartoons for the newspaper of the Boys Brotherhood Republic, a miniature city on East 3rd Street where street kids ran their own government. At age 14, Kirby enrolled at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, I wasnt the kind of student that Pratt was looking for. They wanted people who would work on something forever, I didnt want to work on any project forever. I intended to get things done, Kirby joined the Lincoln Newspaper Syndicate in 1936, working there on newspaper comic strips and on single-panel advice cartoons such as Your Health Comes First. He remained until late 1939, when he began working for the animation company Fleischer Studios as an inbetweener on Popeye cartoons. I went from Lincoln to Fleischer, he recalled, from Fleischer I had to get out in a hurry because I couldnt take that kind of thing, describing it as a factory in a sense, like my fathers factory. Around that time, the American comic book industry was booming, Kirby began writing and drawing for the comic-book packager Eisner & Iger, one of a handful of firms creating comics on demand for publishers
7.
Black Tom Cassidy
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Black Tom Cassidy is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as an enemy of the X-Men. In addition to fighting the X-Men, he has clashed with Deadpool a number of times, Black Tom is a mutant who can manipulate, bond with, and project energy through plant life. He was the sheep of a prominent Irish family. X-Men member Banshee is his cousin, Tom secretly raised Banshee’s daughter Siryn, of whose existence Banshee was unaware, and conscripted her into his criminal gang. Black Tom was also a criminal partner of the super-strong villain Juggernaut. Created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Dave Cockrum, Black Tom Cassidy first fully appeared in Uncanny X-Men #101, Black Tom was born in Dublin. He is the cousin of Sean Cassidy, the Banshee, a member of the X-Men and he was also once the only friend of the Juggernaut. His original principal power was that he could generate blasts of heat through a wooden medium and he has a rivalry with Sean, mainly because Sean won both Cassidy Keep, their estate, and the family fortune from Tom in a game of dice. They were also rivals for a woman named Maeve Rourke, whom Sean married, while Sean was away, working for INTERPOL, Maeve gave birth to their daughter, Theresa. Not much later, Maeve died in an IRA bombing, with no means to contact Sean, Tom took care of Theresa. When Sean returned to learn of his wife’s death, he was devastated, before Tom could even tell him of the existence of his daughter, Sean lashed out at Tom with his sonic scream for not having taken better care of Maeve. While Sean flew away in anger, Tom fell into a chasm, breaking his leg as a result of the attack, angrily, Tom swore to make Sean pay and vowed to never tell him about his daughter, raising her himself instead. Later Tom became a criminal and came into conflict with the law and was apprehended, while serving time in prison, Tom met and befriended Juggernaut. The two became friends and allies, and worked together on missions. As part of his scheme against Sean, Tom murdered a lawyer ally of Banshee. Black Tom and Juggernaut then took Banshee and the other X-Men prisoner at Cassidy Keep and he was defeated in a duel by Banshee. Black Tom and Juggernaut next hired Arcade to kill the X-Men, alongside Juggernaut and Theresa, Tom went to San Francisco and stole the USAs entire vibranium supply
8.
American comic book
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An American comic book is a thin periodical, typically 32-pages, containing primarily comics content. While the form originated in 1933, American comic books first gained popularity after the 1938 publication of Action Comics and this was followed by a superhero boom that lasted until the end of World War II. After the war, while superheroes were marginalized, the book industry rapidly expanded, and genres such as horror, crime. The 1950s saw a decline, due to a shift away from print media in the wake of television. The late 1950s and the 1960s saw a revival. Since the later 20th century, comic books have gained note as collectable items, Comic shops cater to fans, and particularly valuable issues have fetched in excess of a million dollars. Systems of grading comic books have emerged with plastic sleeves and cardboard backing available to maintain the condition of comic books, standard comics are 6.625 inches ×10.25 inches and about 32 pages long. While comics can be the work of a creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be a writer and artist, or there may be separate artists for the characters. The process begins with the coming up with an idea or concept, then working it into a plot and story. After the art production, letters are placed on the page, the creative team, the writers and artists, may work with a comic book publisher for help with marketing, advertising, and other logistics. A distributor like Diamond Comic Distributors, the largest in the U. S. helps to distribute the product to retailers. Another part of the involved in successful comics is the interaction between the readers/fans and the creator. Fan art and letters to the editor were printed in the back of the book until the early 21st century. Comic specialty stores did help encourage several waves of independently-produced comics, the development of the modern American comic book happened in stages. The G. W. Dillingham Company published the first known proto-comic-book magazine in the U. S, the Yellow Kid in McFaddens Flats, in 1897. The 196-page, square-bound, black-and-white publication, which also includes text by E. W. Townsend, measured 5×7 inches. The neologism comic book appears on the back cover, despite the publication of a series of related Hearst comics soon afterward, the first monthly proto-comic book, Embee Distributing Companys Comic Monthly, did not appear until 1922
9.
Professor X
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Professor Charles Francis Xavier is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and is the founder and leader of the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The X-Men #1, Xavier is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. The founder of the X-Men, Xavier is a powerful telepath who can read. He runs a school in Westchester County, New York to both shelter and train mutants from around the world. Xavier also fights to serve a greater good by promoting peaceful coexistence, throughout much of the characters history in comics, Xavier is a paraplegic variously using either a wheelchair or a modified version of one. One of the worlds most powerful mutant telepaths, Xavier is a scientific genius, furthermore, he has shown noteworthy talents in devising equipment to greatly enhance psionic powers. From a social policy and philosophical perspective, Xavier deeply resents the violent methods of those like his close friend and occasional enemy. The characters creation and development occurred simultaneously with the civil struggle, taking place in the 1960s. Both actors reprised the role in the film X-Men, Days of Future Past, mcAvoy continued the role in X-Men, Apocalypse, and Stewart appeared in Logan. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, Professor X first appeared in X-Men #1, Stan Lee has stated that the physical inspiration of Professor Xavier was from Academy Award–winning actor Yul Brynner. Professor Xaviers character development has been inspired by Martin Luther King, to achieve these aims, he founded Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters to teach mutants to explore and control their powers. Its first group of students was the original X-Men, Xaviers students consider him a visionary and often refer to their mission as Xaviers dream. He is highly regarded by others in the Marvel Universe, respected by governments and trusted by several other superhero teams, including the Avengers. However, he also has a streak which has resulted in several significant fallings-out with allies. He often acts as an advocate for mutant rights and is the authority most of the Marvel superhero community turns to for advice on mutants. Despite this, his status as a mutant himself and originator of the X-Men only became public during the 2001 story E Is for Extinction. He also appears in almost all of the X-Men animated series and in video games. Patrick Stewart plays him in the 2000s film series, as well as providing his voice in some of the X-Men video games, according to BusinessWeek, Charles Xavier is listed as one of the top ten most intelligent fictional characters in American comics
10.
Silver Age of Comic Books
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The Silver Age of Comic Books was a period of artistic advancement and commercial success in mainstream American comic books, predominantly those in the superhero genre. The popularity and circulation of books about superheroes declined following World War II. However, controversy arose over alleged links between comic books and juvenile delinquency, focusing in particular on crime and horror titles, in 1954, publishers implemented the Comics Code Authority to regulate comic content. In the wake of changes, publishers began introducing superhero stories again. In response to demand, DC began publishing more superhero titles including Justice League of America. Silver Age comics have become collectible, with a copy of Amazing Fantasy #15, Comics historian and movie producer Michael Uslan traces the origin of the Silver Age term to the letters column of Justice League of America #42, which went on sale December 9,1965. Letter-writer Scott Taylor of Westport, Connecticut wrote, If you guys keep bringing back the heroes from the Golden Age, according to Uslan, the natural hierarchy of gold-silver-bronze, as in Olympic medals, took hold. Fans immediately glommed onto this, refining it more directly into a Silver Age version of the Golden Age, very soon, it was in our vernacular, replacing such expressions as. Second Heroic Age of Comics or The Modern Age of comics and it wasnt long before dealers were. Specifying it was a Golden Age comic for sale or a Silver Age comic for sale, a number of major superheroes were created during this period, including Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Captain Marvel, and Captain America. In subsequent years comics were blamed for a rise in crime statistics. The result was a decline in the comics industry, to address public concerns, in 1954 the Comics Code Authority was created to regulate and curb violence in comics, marking the start of a new era. The Silver Age began with the publication of DC Comics Showcase #4, at the time, only three superheroes—Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman—were still published under their own titles. According to DC comics writer Will Jacobs, Superman was available in great quantity, editor Julius Schwartz, writer Gardner Fox, and artist Carmine Infantino were some of the people behind the Flashs revitalization. Robert Kanigher wrote the first stories of the revived Flash, with the success of Showcase #4, several other 1940s superheroes were reworked during Schwartz tenure, including Green Lantern, the Atom, and Hawkman, as well as the Justice League of America. The DC artists responsible included Murphy Anderson, Gil Kane and Joe Kubert, in the mid-1960s, DC established that characters appearing in comics published prior to the Silver Age lived on a parallel Earth the company dubbed Earth-Two. Characters introduced in the Silver Age and onward lived on Earth-One and it was established that the two realities were separated by a vibrational field that could be crossed, should a storyline involve superheroes from different worlds teaming up. Unsuccessful attempts to revive the superhero archetypes popularity include Captain Comet, supermouse and Mighty Mouse were published continuously in their own titles from the end of the Golden Age through the beginning of the Silver Age
11.
Clothing
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Clothing is fiber and textile material worn on the body. The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies. The amount and type of clothing worn depends on type, social. Some clothing types can be gender-specific, physically, clothing serves many purposes, it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns, Clothes can insulate against cold or hot conditions. Further, they can provide a barrier, keeping infectious. Clothing also provides protection from ultraviolet radiation, there is no easy way to determine when clothing was first developed, but some information has been inferred by studying lice. The body louse specifically lives in clothing, and diverge from head lice about 170 millennia ago, another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes and that clothing may have been used as long ago as 650 millennia. Other louse-based estimates put the introduction of clothing at around 42, the most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer, by protecting the wearer from the elements. In hot climates, clothing provides protection from sunburn or wind damage, shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing. For example, coats, hats, gloves, and other layers are normally removed when entering a warm home. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials, Clothing performs a range of social and cultural functions, such as individual, occupational and gender differentiation, and social status. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of modesty, religion, gender, Clothing may also function as a form of adornment and an expression of personal taste or style. Clothing can and has in history been made from a wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to materials, to elaborate and exotic natural. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing, Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, however, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc. offers less protection. Clothes also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport, some clothing protects from specific environmental hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances
12.
Toy
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A toy is an item that is used in play, especially one designed for such use. Playing with toys is supposed to be a means of training young children for life in society. Different materials like wood, clay, paper, and plastic are used to make toys, many items are designed to serve as toys, but goods produced for other purposes can also be used. For instance, a child may fold an ordinary piece of paper into an airplane shape. Newer forms of toys include interactive digital entertainment, some toys are produced primarily as collectors items and are intended for display only. The origin of toys is prehistoric, dolls representing infants, animals, the origin of the word toy is unknown, but it is believed that it was first used in the 14th century. Toys are mainly made for children, the oldest known doll toy that has been found is thought to be 4,000 years old. Playing with toys is considered to be important when it comes to growing up, younger children use toys to discover their identity, help their bodies grow strong, learn cause and effect, explore relationships, and practice skills they will need as adults. Adults on occasion use toys to form and strengthen social bonds, teach, help in therapy, most children have been said to play with whatever they can find, such as sticks and rocks. Toys and games have been unearthed from the sites of ancient civilizations and they have been written about in some of the oldest literature. Toys excavated from the Indus valley civilization include small carts, whistles shaped like birds, the earliest toys are made from materials found in nature, such as rocks, sticks, and clay. Thousands of years ago, Egyptian children played with dolls that had wigs and movable limbs which were made from stone, pottery, in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, children played with dolls made of wax or terracotta, sticks, bows and arrows, and yo-yos. When Greek children, especially girls, came of age it was customary for them to sacrifice the toys of their childhood to the gods, on the eve of their wedding, young girls around fourteen would offer their dolls in a temple as a rite of passage into adulthood. The oldest known mechanical puzzle comes from Greece and appeared in the 3rd century BC. The game consisted of a divided into 14 parts. In Iran puzzle-locks were made as early as the 17th century, Toys became more widespread with the changing attitudes towards children engendered by the Enlightenment. Children began to be seen as people in and of themselves, as opposed to extensions of their household, the variety and number of toys that were manufactured during the 18th century steadily rose, John Spilsbury invented the first jigsaw puzzle in 1767 to help children learn geography. He created puzzles on eight themes - the World, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, England and Wales, the rocking horse was developed at the same time in England, especially with the wealthy as it was thought to develop childrens balance for riding real horses
13.
Trading card
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There is a wide variation of different types of cards. Modern cards even go as far as to include swatches of game worn memorabilia, autographs, trading cards are traditionally associated with sports, baseball cards are especially well-known. Cards dealing with subjects like Pokémon are often considered a separate category from sports cards. These often feature cartoons, comic characters, television series. In the 1990s, cards designed specifically for playing games became popular enough to develop into a distinct category and these tend to use either fantasy subjects or sports as the basis for game play. Trade cards are the ancestors of trading cards, allen and Ginter in the U. S. in 1886, and British company W. D. & H. O. Wills in 1888, were the first tobacco companies to print advertisements, a couple years later, lithograph pictures on the cards with an encyclopedic variety of topics from nature to war to sports — subjects that appealed to men who smoked - began to surface as well. By 1900, there were thousands of card sets manufactured by 300 different companies. Children would stand outside of stores to ask customers who bought cigarettes for the promotional cards, World War II put an end to cigarette card production due to limited paper resources, and after the war cigarette cards never really made a comeback. After that collectors of prizes from retail products took to collecting tea cards in the UK, the first baseball cards were trade cards printed in the late 1860s by a sporting goods company, around the time baseball became a professional sport. Most of the baseball cards around the beginning of the 20th century came in candy and it was during this era that the most valuable baseball card ever printed was produced - the infamous T206 tobacco card featuring Honus Wagner. The T206 Set, distributed by the American Tobacco Company in 1909, is considered by collectors to be the most popular set of all time. In 1933, Goudey Gum Company of Boston issued baseball cards with players biographies on the backs and was the first to put baseball cards in bubble gum, the 1933 Goudey set remains one of the most popular and affordable vintage sets to this day. Bowman Gum of Philadelphia issued its first baseball cards in 1948, Topps Chewing Gum, Inc. now known as The Topps Company, Inc. Topps produced its first baseball trading card set in 1951, with the design resembling that of playing cards. Topps owner and founder Sy Berger created the first true baseball card set, complete with playing record and statistics. This is one of the most popular sets of all time, Topps purchased their chief competitor, Bowman Gum, in 1956. Topps was the leader in the trading industry from 1956 to 1980, not only in sports cards
14.
Animated
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Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon, animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation. To display animation, a camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures, Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24,25,30, or 60 frames per second. Computer animation processes generating animated images with the general term computer-generated imagery, 3D animation uses computer graphics, while 2D animation is used for stylistic, low bandwidth and faster real-time renderings. An earthen goblet discovered at the site of the 5, 200-year-old Shahr-e Sūkhté in southeastern Iran, the artifact bears five sequential images depicting a Persian Desert Ibex jumping up to eat the leaves of a tree. They may, of course, refer to Chinese shadow puppets, in the 19th century, the phenakistoscope, zoetrope and praxinoscope were introduced. A thaumatrope is a toy with a small disk with different pictures on each side. The phenakistoscope was invented simultaneously by Belgian Joseph Plateau and Austrian Simon von Stampfer in 1831, the phenakistoscope consists of a disk with a series of images, drawn on radi evenly space around the center of the disk. John Barnes Linnett patented the first flip book in 1868 as the kineograph, the first animated projection was created in France, by Charles-Émile Reynaud, who was a French science teacher. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888, on 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris. This film is notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. His films were not photographed, they were drawn directly onto the transparent strip, in 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings. Stuart Blackton, who, because of that, is considered the father of American animation, in Europe, the French artist, Émile Cohl, created the first animated film using what came to be known as traditional animation creation methods - the 1908 Fantasmagorie. The film largely consisted of a figure moving about and encountering all manner of morphing objects. There were also sections of live action in which the hands would enter the scene. The film was created by drawing each frame on paper and then shooting each frame onto negative film, the author of the first puppet-animated film was the Russian-born director Wladyslaw Starewicz, known as Ladislas Starevich
15.
Television program
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It may be a single production, or more commonly, a series of related productions. A limited number of episodes of a show may be called a miniseries or a serial or limited series. Television series are without a fixed length and are divided into seasons or series. While there is no defined length, U. S. industry practice has traditionally favored longer television seasons than those of other countries, a one-time broadcast may be called a special, or particularly in the UK a special episode. A television film is a film that is initially broadcast on television rather than released in theaters or direct-to-video, a program can be either recorded, as on video tape, other various electronic media forms, played with an on-demand player or viewed on live television. Television programs may be fictional, or non-fictional and it may be topical, or historical. They could be primarily instructional or educational, or entertaining as is the case in situation comedy, a drama program usually features a set of actors playing characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures, except for soap opera-type serials, many shows especially before the 1980s, remained static without story arcs, and the main characters and premise changed little. If some change happened to the characters lives during the episode, because of this, the episodes could be broadcast in any order. Since the 1980s, there are series that feature progressive change to the plot. For instance, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of the first American prime time television series to have this kind of dramatic structure. While the later series, Babylon 5 is an example of such production that had a predetermined story running over its intended five-season run. In 2012, it was reported that television was growing into a component of major media companies revenues than film. Some also noted the increase in quality of television programs. When a person or company decides to create a new series, they develop the elements, consisting of the concept, the characters, the crew. Then they offer it to the networks in an attempt to find one interested enough to order a prototype first episode of the series. They want very much to get the word out on what types of shows they’re looking for, to create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series must be put together. If the network likes the pilot, they pick up the show to air it the next season, sometimes they save it for mid-season, or request rewrites and further review
16.
Video game
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A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word video in video game referred to a raster display device. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial, the electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms, examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles. These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices, the input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms. Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a persons hands and body. Players typically view the game on a screen or television or computer monitor, or sometimes on virtual reality head-mounted display goggles. There are often game sound effects, music and, in the 2010s, some games in the 2000s include haptic, vibration-creating effects, force feedback peripherals and virtual reality headsets. In the 2010s, the game industry is of increasing commercial importance, with growth driven particularly by the emerging Asian markets and mobile games. As of 2015, video games generated sales of USD74 billion annually worldwide, early games used interactive electronic devices with various display formats. The earliest example is from 1947—a Cathode ray tube Amusement Device was filed for a patent on 25 January 1947, by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann, and issued on 14 December 1948, as U. S. Written by MIT students Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne Wiitanens on a DEC PDP-1 computer in 1961, and the hit ping pong-style Pong, used the DEC PDP-1s vector display to have two spaceships battle each other. In 1971, Computer Space, created by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, was the first commercially sold and it used a black-and-white television for its display, and the computer system was made of 74 series TTL chips. The game was featured in the 1973 science fiction film Soylent Green, Computer Space was followed in 1972 by the Magnavox Odyssey, the first home console. Modeled after a late 1960s prototype console developed by Ralph H. Baer called the Brown Box and these were followed by two versions of Ataris Pong, an arcade version in 1972 and a home version in 1975 that dramatically increased video game popularity. The commercial success of Pong led numerous other companies to develop Pong clones and their own systems, the game inspired arcade machines to become prevalent in mainstream locations such as shopping malls, traditional storefronts, restaurants, and convenience stores. The game also became the subject of articles and stories on television and in newspapers and magazines. Space Invaders was soon licensed for the Atari VCS, becoming the first killer app, the term platform refers to the specific combination of electronic components or computer hardware which, in conjunction with software, allows a video game to operate. The term system is commonly used
17.
X-Men: The Last Stand
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X-Men, The Last Stand is a 2006 superhero film, based on the X-Men superhero team introduced in Marvel Comics. The film, distributed by 20th Century Fox, is the sequel to 2003s X2 and the third installment in the X-Men film series. Bryan Singer, who had directed the two films, X-Men and X2, decided to leave to work on Superman Returns. Matthew Vaughn, who was hired as the new director, left due to personal and professional issues. Filming took place from August 2005 to January 2006 with a budget of $210 million and it had extensive visual effects created by 11 different companies. X-Men, The Last Stand was released on May 26,2006, critical reception was mixed, with the acting and the action scenes receiving positive notice, and criticism directed at the screenplay, and overuse of characters and style. Twenty years in the past, Professor Charles Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr meet young Jean Grey at her parents house to invite her to join their school, the X-Mansion. Ten years later, the industrialist father of Warren Worthington III discovers his son is a mutant as Warren tries to cut off his wings. In the present, Worthington Labs announces it has developed an inoculation to suppress the X-gene that gives mutants their abilities, the cure is created from the genome of a young mutant named Jimmy, who lives at the Worthington facility on Alcatraz Island. While some mutants are interested in the cure, including the X-Mens Rogue, Lehnsherr re-establishes his Brotherhood of Mutants with those who oppose the cure, warning his followers that the cure will be forcefully used to exterminate the mutant race. With help from Pyro, Lehnsherr recruits Callisto, and several other mutants and they attack the mobile prison holding Mystique to free her, also freeing Juggernaut and Multiple Man. Mystique saves Lehnsherr by taking a shot of the mutant cure aimed at him, hateful of humans, Lehnsherr abandons Mystique, much to her shock. Meanwhile, Scott Summers, still distraught over the loss of his fiancée, Jean Grey, Jean appears to Summers but, as the two kiss, Jean kills him. Sensing trouble, Xavier sends Logan and Storm to investigate, when they arrive, they find only telekinetically floating rocks, Summers glasses, and an unconscious Jean. Logan is disgusted to learn of this psychic tampering with Jeans mind but, once she awakens, the Phoenix emerges, knocks out Logan, and escapes to her childhood home. Lehnsherr learns of Jeans resurrection through Callisto, and the X-Men arrive at the Grey home at the time as the Brotherhood. Lehnsherr and Xavier go in alone, and both vie for Jeans loyalty until the Phoenix resurfaces and she destroys the house and disintegrates Xavier before leaving with Lehnsherr. During the fight, Kitty Pryde saves Jimmy from Juggernaut, who had sent to kill him
18.
Vinnie Jones
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Vincent Peter Vinnie Jones is a British actor and former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1984 to 1999 notably for Wimbledon, Leeds United, Sheffield United and Chelsea. Born in Watford, Hertfordshire, England, Jones represented and captained the Welsh national football team, having qualified via a Welsh grandparent. As a member of the Crazy Gang, he won the 1988 FA Cup Final with Wimbledon and he also played for Chelsea, Leeds United, Sheffield United and Queens Park Rangers. Jones was a midfielder who was especially noted for his very aggressive style of play. Jones appeared in Celebrity Big Brother 2010, where he finished in place behind Dane Bowers. Jones was born in Watford, Hertfordshire, to Peter and Glenda Jones and he attended Dollis Junior School in Mill Hill, north London. After leaving school and rising to fame, Jones would regularly visit the school due to his relationship with the now deceased Headteacher Sir Derek Heasman. His family relocated to Hertfordshire where he later attended Chancellors School in nearby Brookmans Park. Jones career in began in 1984, when he was 19 years old. He combined football with working as a hod carrier on building sites and he played one season with Swedish club IFK Holmsund in 1986, helping to lead the team to a Division 3 victory. In 1986, he moved to professional status with Wimbledon. He scored on only his second appearance for Wimbledon on 29 November 1986 and he was transferred to Leeds United in 1989. He was promoted to the old Division One from the Second Division, Jones left Leeds United early in the 1990–91 season after losing his first-team place to youngsters David Batty and Gary Speed, as well as new signing Gary McAllister. He returned to Leeds for Lucas Radebes testimonial in 2006 and his former Wimbledon manager Dave Bassett signed him for Sheffield United on his exit from Elland Road, before selling him to Chelsea a year later. After just one year at Stamford Bridge, he was back with Wimbledon in the 1992-93 season and he helped Wimbledon equal their best ever league finish in 1993-94, when they finished sixth in the Premier League. Three seasons later, he contributed to another season for the club. That season he scored the goal as Wimbledon won 1-0 against Arsenal at Highbury. His second exit from Wimbledon came when he became player/coach of QPR in early 1998, in December 1994, Jones was named in the Wales squad qualifying via his Ruthin-born maternal grandfather
19.
Wizard (magazine)
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Wizard or Wizard, The Magazine of Comics, Entertainment and Pop Culture was a magazine about comic books, published monthly in the United States by Wizard Entertainment from July 1991 to January 2011. It included a guide, as well as comic book, movie, anime, and collector news, interviews. With issue #7, the magazine switched to paper and color printing. Wizard strongly supported new publishers Valiant Comics and Image Comics, heavily promoting their new releases, with its high-end production values and embodiment of the comic speculator boom, Wizard was an instant hit, with a monthly circulation of more than 100,000 copies. In 2006, the magazine was revamped with a look and more pages, switching from the perfect bound or staple free look. After issue 200, Wizard made several changes to the magazine, shifting focus from reviews and humor to information about upcoming comics, the 3-page Magic Words section, which consisted of reader questions, was dropped and replaced by Fan Mail, a half-page section allowing 3 short letters. In November 2006, Wizard editor-in-chief and co-founder Pat McCallum was fired, Wizard declined to say why he was removed. On February 21,2007, Scott Gramling was announced as the new editor-in-chief, soon after, longtime Wizard Editor Brian Cunningham was removed in August 2008. The final editor was former staff writer and managing editor Mike Cotton, on February 27,2009, Wizard laid off ten percent of its work force, including its three staff writers, in order to make room for freelance writers. Wizard was relaunched with issue #228, which featured Mark Millar as a guest editor, the magazine went back to its strictly comic book roots. The issue featured a Green Hornet film cover and round table discussion with creators in the comic book film industry, despite all these changes, however, the magazine was losing subscribers at an unsustainable rate, by December 2010 its circulation was just 17,000 copies. This was confirmed later that day by Wizard, who revealed that its sister magazine. According to the representatives, Wizard would be relaunched in February 2011 as an online magazine called Wizard World. The first issue of Wizard World was made online and through major digital distribution channels on March 2,2011. The magazine went through an ever-changing line-up of regular and semi-regular features, including Book Shelf — Brief descriptions of the trade paperback. Top 10 Writers and Artists — Lists charting the most popular creators of the month in each category, retired features include Casting Call — A feature proposing the dream cast for potential film adaptations of various comic books. Last Man Standing — A dream faceoff between two different characters or teams, always of different companies and/or universes, the feature would detail a brief showdown between the two, including the victor and would be accompanied by an exclusive illustration depicting the battle. In addition, both Wizard and ToyFare often featured mail-away offers for exclusive merchandise, Wizard began a practice of producing specially offered Wizard #1/2 issues
20.
IGN
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The website was the brainchild of media entrepreneur Chris Anderson and launched on September 29,1996. It focuses on games, films, television, comics, technology, the company is located in San Franciscos SOMA district in California, United States. Originally a network of websites, IGN is now distributed on mobile platforms, console programs on the Xbox and PlayStation, FireTV, Roku, and via YouTube, Twitch, Hulu. IGN was sold to publishing company Ziff Davis in February 2013 and now operates as a J2 Global subsidiary. com, PSXPower, Saturnworld, Next-Generation. com and Ultra Game Players Online. Imagine expanded on its owned-and-operated websites by creating a network that included a number of independent fansites such as PSX Nation. com, Sega-Saturn. com, Game Sages. In 1998, the network launched a new homepage that consolidated the individual sites as system channels under the IGN brand, the homepage exposed content from more than 30 different channels. Next-Generation and Ultra Game Players Online were not part of this consolidation, dissolved with the cancellation of the magazine, and Next-Generation was put on hold when Imagine decided to concentrate on launching the short-lived Daily Radar brand. In February 1999, Imagine Media incorporated a spin-off that included IGN and its channels as Affiliation Networks. In September, the newly spun-out standalone internet media company, changed its name to Snowball. com, at the same time, small entertainment website The Den merged into IGN and added non-gaming content to the growing network. Snowball held an IPO in 2000, but shed most of its properties during the dot-com bubble. In June 2005, IGN reported having 24,000,000 unique visitors per month, with 4.8 million registered users through all departments of the site, IGN is ranked among the top 200 most-visited websites according to Alexa. In September 2005, IGN was acquired by Rupert Murdochs multi-media business empire, News Corporation, IGN celebrated its 10th anniversary on January 12,2008. IGN was headquartered in the Marina Point Parkway office park in Brisbane, California, on May 25,2011, IGN sold its Direct2Drive division to Gamefly for an undisclosed amount. In 2011, IGN Entertainment acquired its rival UGO Entertainment from Hearst Corporation, ultimately, News Corp. planned to spin off IGN Entertainment as a publicly traded company, continuing a string of divestitures for digital properties it had previously acquired. Financial details regarding the purchase were not revealed, prior to its acquisition by UGO, 1UP. com had previously been owned by Ziff Davis. Soon after the acquisition, IGN announced that it would be laying off staff and closing GameSpy, 1UP. com, the role-playing video game interest website Vault Network was acquired by IGN in 1999. GameStats, a review website, was founded by IGN in 2004. GameStats includes a GPM rating system incorporates an average press score and average gamer score
21.
Doctor Strange
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Dr. Stephen Vincent Strange, M. D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee, the character first appeared in Strange Tales #110, Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme, the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats. Inspired by stories of magic and Chandu the Magician, Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character. The characters origin story relates that he was once a brilliant, after a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery, he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One. After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supremes students, he becomes a practitioner of both the arts as well as martial arts. Along with knowing many powerful spells, he has a costume with two mystical objects—the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto—which give him added powers, Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet, Wong, and a large assortment of mystical objects. He takes up residence in a called the Sanctum Sanctorum. Later, Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme, in 2008, Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time list, and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGNs list of The Top 50 Avengers. He was also ranked 34th on IGNs list of Top 100 Comic Book Heroes, the character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange. Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and my character wound up being named Dr. Strange because he would appear in Strange Tales. In a 1963 letter to Jerry Bails, Lee called the character Ditkos idea, saying, Well and it has sort of a black magic theme. The first story is nothing great, but perhaps we can make something of him-- twas Steves idea and I figured wed give it a chance, although again, Doctor Strange debuted in Strange Tales #110, a split book shared with the feature The Human Torch. Doctor Strange appeared in issues #110–111 and #114 before the characters origin story in #115. Scripter Lees take on the character was inspired by the Chandu the Magician radio program aired on the Mutual Broadcasting System in the 1930s. Ditko showcased surrealistic mystical landscapes and increasingly vivid visuals that helped make the feature a favorite of students at the time. Comics historian Mike Benton wrote, The Dr. Strange stories of the 1960s constructed a cohesive cosmology that would have thrilled any self-respecting theosophist. College students, minds freshly opened by psychedelic experiences and Eastern mysticism, read Ditko, meaning was everywhere, and readers analyzed the Dr. Strange stories for their relationship to Egyptian myths, Sumerian gods, and Jungian archetypes. But I dont use hallucinogens, nor do I think any artists do, as co-plotter and later sole plotter in the Marvel Method, Ditko took Strange into ever-more-abstract realms
22.
Beast (comics)
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Beast is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and is a founding member of the X-Men. Eventually being referred to simply as Beast, Hank McCoy underwent progressive physiological transformations and these include blue fur, both simian and feline facial features, pointed ears, fangs, and claws. Beasts physical strength and senses increased to greater levels. Despite Hank McCoys inhuman appearance, he is depicted as a brilliant, well-educated man in the arts and sciences and he is a world authority on biochemistry and genetics, the X-Mens medical doctor, and the science and mathematics instructor at the Xavier Institute. He is also a mutant political activist, campaigning against societys bigotry, while fighting his own bestial instincts and fears of social rejection, Beast dedicates his physical and mental gifts to the creation of a better world for man and mutant. One of the original X-Men, Beast has appeared regularly in X-Men-related comics since his debut and he has also been a member of the Avengers and Defenders. The character has appeared in media adaptations, including animated TV series. In X2, Steve Bacic portrayed him in a brief cameo in his human appearance, while in X-Men. Nicholas Hoult portrays a version of the character in X-Men. Both Hoult and Grammer reprise their roles in X-Men, Days of Future Past, Hoult also reprised the role in X-Men, Apocalypse. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in X-Men #1, Stan Lee writes in the foreword to X-Men, The Ultimate Guide that he made Beast the most articulate, eloquent, and well-read of the X-Men to contrast with his brutish exterior. Further, the book opines that the Werner Roth-Roy Thomas team garnered admiration for their appealing, Roth, under the alias Jay Gavin, had taken over for Kirby fully by issue #18, and Thomas was a new talent. Beast was given an individualized, colorful new costume, along with the rest of the X-Men by issue #39 in order to new readers. Jim Sterankos tenure, which added exciting art, Roth returned, working with Neal Adams who blended Kirbys style with realism, idealized beauty, in Amazing Adventures #11, written by Gerry Conway, Beast underwent a radical change and mutated into his now familiar furry, blue appearance. The concept originated with Roy Thomas, an effort to make the character more visibly striking, over the next decade he would appear on the roster of several teams in titles ranging from The Avengers to The Defenders to X-Factor. It wasnt until 1991, in X-Factor #70/X-Men #1, that the Beast finally returned to the X-Men. As evidenced on the cover of X-Treme X-Men Vol.1, Chris Claremont. Citing Claremont as inspiration for his run on New X-Men, Morrison explains Beast as a brilliant, hes obviously quite clearly bipolar and swings between manic excitement and ghastly self-doubt
23.
Hulk (comics)
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The Hulk is a fictional superhero created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book The Incredible Hulk in May 1962 published by Marvel Comics. The Hulks level of strength is normally conveyed as proportionate to his level of anger, however, his uncontrollable power has brought him into conflict with his fellow heroes and others. Lee stated that the Hulks creation was inspired by a combination of Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll, although the Hulks coloration has varied throughout the characters publication history, the most usual color is green. He has two catchphrases, Hulk is strongest one there is. And the better-known HULK SMASH. which has founded the basis for pop culture memes. The Hulk first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1, written by writer-editor Stan Lee, penciled and co-plotted by Jack Kirby, and inked by Paul Reinman. Lee cites influence from Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Hulks creation, for a long time Id been aware of the fact that people were more likely to favor someone who was less than perfect. Its a safe bet that you remember Quasimodo, but how easily can you name any of the heroic, handsomer, ive always had a soft spot in my heart for the Frankenstein monster. No one could ever convince me that he was the bad guy and he never wanted to hurt anyone, he merely groped his torturous way through a second life trying to defend himself, trying to come to terms with those who sought to destroy him. I decided I might as well borrow from Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as well—our protagonist would constantly change from his identity to his superhuman alter ego. Kirby, commenting upon his influences in drawing the character, recalled as inspiration the tale of a mother who rescues her child who is trapped beneath a car, Lee has also compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish mythology. In The Science of Superheroes, Gresh and Weinberg see the Hulk as a reaction to the Cold War and the threat of nuclear attack, in the debut, Lee chose grey for the Hulk because he wanted a color that did not suggest any particular ethnic group. Colorist Stan Goldberg, however, had problems with the coloring, resulting in different shades of grey. After seeing the first published issue, Lee chose to change the color to green. Green was used in retellings of the origin, with reprints of the original story being recolored for the next two decades, until The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #302 reintroduced the grey Hulk in flashbacks set close to the origin story, since then, reprints of the first issue have displayed the original grey coloring, with the fictional canon specifying that the Hulks skin had initially been grey. Lee gave the Hulks alter ego the alliterative name Bruce Banner because he found he had difficulty remembering alliterative names. Despite this, in stories he misremembered the characters name and referred to him as Bob Banner
24.
Spider-Woman
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Spider-Woman is the code name of several fictional characters in comic books published by Marvel Comics. So we just batted one quickly, and thats exactly what happened, I wanted to protect the name, because its the type of thing someone else might say, Hey, why dont we put out a Spider-Woman, they cant stop us. You know, years ago we brought out Wonder Man, and sued us because they had Wonder Woman, I said okay, Ill discontinue Wonder Man. And all of a sudden theyve got Power Girl, following that initial Spider-Woman series, more followed. Volume Five was ran from November 2014 through the fall of 2015, in the March 2015 issue of The Amazing Spider-Man Vol.3 #13, Jessica boasts I have never needed rescuing. In November 2015, Spider-Woman Vol.6 launched as part of Marvels All-New and this volume saw her wearing the same costume as in Volume 5, but now she was pregnant and working as a private investigator. Jessica Drew, the original Spider-Woman, who left the role in the early 1980s, by the late 2000s, she returned to it. This version of the character starred in her own animated TV series in 1979, Julia Carpenter, a former member of the superhero teams the Avengers and Omega Flight, who becomes Arachne and the second Madame Web. Mattie Franklin, who impersonated the then-retired Spider-Man before receiving her own short-lived comics series. Mattie also appeared in Alias #16–21, before going on to appear in the 2007–2008 Loners miniseries, charlotte Witter, a supervillain who used the name. Veranke, queen of the shape-shifting extraterrestrial race the Skrulls, who impersonated Jessica Drew over a period of time and was a founding member of the superhero team the New Avengers. An unrelated earlier Spider-Woman was published by Harry A Cheslers Dynamic Comics in 1944 and she was a non-superpowered crime-fighter named Helen Goddard and made her first and only appearance in the Golden Age comic book Major Victory #1. Another Spider-Woman appeared in the live-action, recurring skit Spidey Super Stories on the 1970s PBS childrens television series The Electric Company and she also appeared as Spider-Woman in the spin-off comic book series Spidey Super Stories #11. In the 1981 episode The Triumph of the Green Goblin from the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends animated series, the episode was adapted in the comic book Spider-Man & His Amazing Friends #1. Similarly, Spidey Super Stories #56 features Mary Jane Watson dressed as the Jessica Drew version of Spider-Woman at a costume party, both stories feature Peter Parker wearing Halloween costume versions of his traditional Spider-Man costume to the parties, as well as the Green Goblin interrupting both parties. Spider-Woman is a version of the character in the Marvel Mangaverse reality. Another version of Mary Jane as Spider-Woman is featured in the Exiles series, in the 2014 series Spider-Verse, the Gwen Stacy of an alternate universe is bitten by the radioactive spider instead of Peter Parker, becoming her universes version of Spider-Woman. She is featured in her own series, Spider-Gwen
25.
The Amazing Spider-Man
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The Amazing Spider-Man is an American comic book series published by Marvel Comics, featuring the adventures of the fictional superhero Spider-Man. In 2003 the series reverted to the order of the first volume. The title has occasionally been published biweekly, and was published three times a month from 2008 to 2010, a film named after the comic was released July 3,2012. After DC Comics relaunch of Action Comics and Detective Comics with new #1 issues in 2011, the title ended its 50-year run as a continuously published comic with issue #700 in December 2012. It was replaced by The Superior Spider-Man as part of the Marvel NOW. relaunch of Marvels comic lines, the title was relaunched in April 2014, starting fresh from issue #1, after the Goblin Nation story arc published in The Superior Spider-Man and Superior Spider-Man Team-Up. In late 2015, The Amazing Spider-Man was relaunched again with a new volume with issue #1 following the 2015 Secret Wars event, the character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist and co-plotter Steve Ditko, and the pair produced 38 issues from March 1963 to July 1966. Ditko left after the 38th issue, while Lee remained as writer until issue 100, since then, many writers and artists have taken over the monthly comic through the years, chronicling the adventures of Marvels most identifiable hero. Most of the characters and villains of the Spider-Man saga have been introduced in Amazing. Due to strong sales on the characters first appearance in Amazing Fantasy #15, the initial years of the series, under Lee and Ditko, chronicled Spider-Mans nascent career with his civilian life as hard-luck yet perpetually good-humored teenager Peter Parker. Peter balanced his career as Spider-Man with his job as a photographer for The Daily Bugle under the bombastic editor-publisher J. Jonah Jameson to support himself. By focusing on Parkers everyday problems, Lee and Ditko created a groundbreakingly flawed, self-doubting superhero, most of Spider-Mans key villains and supporting characters were introduced during this time. Issue #1 featured the first appearances of J. Jonah Jameson and his astronaut son John Jameson, and it included the heros first encounter with the superhero team the Fantastic Four. Issue #2 featured the first appearance of the Vulture and the beginning of Parkers freelance photography career at the newspaper The Daily Bugle, the Molten Man was introduced in #28 which also featured Parkers graduation from high school. Peter began attending Empire State University in #31, the issue featured the first appearances of friends and classmates Gwen Stacy. Harrys father, Norman Osborn first appeared in #23 as a member of Jamesons country club but is not named nor revealed as Harrys father until #37. One of the most celebrated issues of the Lee-Ditko run is #33, which features the dramatic scene of Spider-Man, through force of will and thoughts of family, escaping from being pinned by heavy machinery. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that Steve Ditko squeezes every ounce of anguish out of Spider-Mans predicament, complete with visions of the uncle he failed and the aunt he has sworn to save. Peter David observed that After his origin, this sequence from Amazing Spider-Man #33 is perhaps the best-loved sequence from the Stan Lee/Steve Ditko era
26.
Secret Wars II
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Secret Wars II is a nine-issue comic book limited series and crossover published from 1985 to 1986 by Marvel Comics. The series was written by Marvels then Editor-in-chief Jim Shooter and primarily pencilled by Al Milgrom, the series was a sequel to original series Secret Wars, published in 1984 and 1985. The series tied-in with issues of other Marvel titles, with each featuring a Secret Wars II logo in the top right hand corner to indicate that it was a part of the overall story. At first the Beyonder tries to out the meaning of the simple everyday tasks humans do, such as, eating, sleeping, using the bathroom. Then the Beyonder works for a mobster and becomes very powerful, the Earths heroes are very suspicious of him and this causes the Beyonder to retreat to a lone island. Mephisto recruits an army of villains with boosted strength. The Beyonder falls in love with Dazzler, and tries to start a relationship with Boom Boom and it is also explained how Doctor Doom, who was killed in the normal timeline was able to appear in the first Secret Wars. The Beyonder recreates Dooms body from its disintegrated particles and sends him back in time to the start of the Secret Wars, the Beyonder is eventually dealt with, although the heroes also have to prevent the destruction of the planet as a consequence of his actions. Beyonder attempts to become a human while still containing all his powers, the demon Mephisto attempts to destroy him while in this form since he is now merely human. A sequel in the form of a single issue revealed that the Beyonder was a cosmic cube. 1985, Captain America #308, Iron Man #197, New Mutants #30, Uncanny X-Men #196 Aug.1985, The Amazing Spider-Man #268, Fantastic Four #282, Web of Spider-Man #6 Sep
27.
Marvel Saga
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The Marvel Saga, The Official History of the Marvel Universe was a comic book series which attempted to condense the first 25 years of Marvel Universe events into a sequential, narrative story. The series was researched and written by Peter Sanderson and edited by Danny Fingeroth and it was published over 25 issues from December 1985 to December 1987. It also allows readers to see how stories from different series are related. Subsequent releases from Marvel have followed the Marvel Saga format, Wolverine Saga, a four-part mini-series published from September,1989 to December,1989, detailed the history of Wolverine up to that time. Spider-Man Saga, another four issue series, was released from November,1991 to February,1992, beginning in 2006, Marvel released several Marvel Saga-style one-shots for their titles. The series has been collected into two trade paperbacks, Essential Marvel, Marvel Saga Vol.1 Marvel Saga vol.2 Marvel. com - Essential Marvel, Marvel Saga Vol.1
28.
Excalibur (comics)
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Excalibur is a fictional superhero group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are depicted as an offshoot of the X-Men, usually based in the United Kingdom, conceived by writer Chris Claremont and artist/co-writer Alan Davis, the original Excalibur first appeared in Excalibur Special Edition, also known as Excalibur, The Sword is Drawn. The first Excalibur consisted of the British superhero Captain Britain, his lover Meggan, an eponymous Excalibur series featuring the team lasted from 1988 until 1998. Originally, the series involved cross-dimensional travel that incorporated as elements of Captain Britain’s mythos as it did the X-Men’s. Captain Britain reformed Excalibur to defend London in a series entitled New Excalibur, although written by Claremont with the same title, it had no connection to the superhero team. Excaliburs original creative team, writer Chris Claremont and artist/co-writer Alan Davis, the X-Men are a group of mutants—evolved human beings born with extraordinary powers—who use their abilities to defend a society that hates and fears them. Claremont had authored their series since 1976, guiding them to tremendous success, Phoenix - A telekinetic and telepathic young woman from a dystopian future. She plays host to the Phoenix Force, a cosmic entity which once posed as her mother. Shadowcat - A teenage computer expert with the ability to phase through solid objects, lockheed - A small extraterrestrial dragon kept as Kittys pet. A Marvel UK property, co-created by Claremont in 1976, alcoholic Captain Britain is a protector of Great Britain, endowed with powers by the legendary wizard. Excalibur, which also featured shapeshifter Meggan, first gathered together in Excalibur Special Edition #1 and were featured in a monthly Excalibur series. With the help of a manic, dimension-hopping robot named Widget and he also added several new members, including the mystic Feron, the warrior Kylun, and the alien Cerise, and also introduced the size-shifter Micromax. In a jarring transition, Captain Britain was lost off-panel, Meggan was suddenly catatonic from losing Captain Britain, Phoenix was disposed of to bring in Britannic. Nightcrawlers former lover, the mystic Amanda Sefton, also joined the team, Ellis made Wisdom the romantic interest of the much younger Shadowcat. At the insistence of Marvel editors, Ellis also added Wolfsbane, a Scottish werewolf-like young woman from the New Mutants, and Colossus, sales fell and Marvel canceled the series, partially so Nightcrawler, Shadowcat, and Colossus could return to the X-Men. The series ended with issue #125, featuring the wedding of Meggan, the solicited cover to issue #1 featured a new costume for Captain Britain, different from the one he actually received in the comic, and the cover was unused. In 2004, Marvel Comics launched a new ongoing series titled Excalibur, other cast members included Callisto, another mutant leader and former member of the Morlocks, and newcomers such as Wicked, Freakshow, Shola Inkosi, and Karima Shapandar. Archangel and Husk also appeared in the series, the grouping never laid claim to the name Excalibur, despite the title of the series
29.
Acts of Vengeance
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Acts of Vengeance is a comic book crossover storyline that ran through several titles published by Marvel Comics from December 1989 to February 1990. This company-wide fall crossover was centered on the Avengers and Fantastic Four after three consecutive fall crossovers were built around the X-Men and related mutant teams. Promotional materials teased the idea of an array of super-villains facing heroes they had never met. The core titles of the crossover include Avengers, Avengers Spotlight, Avengers West Coast, Captain America, Iron Man, Quasar, Thor, major tie-ins included The Amazing Spider-Man among other Spider-Man titles, Uncanny X-Men and the second Damage Control limited series. An epilogue features in Cloak and Dagger, Web Of Spider-Man, a humorous parody with the character the Impossible Man features in the title Silver Surfer. A mysterious stranger coerces a group of supervillains to join forces in a conspiracy to destroy the superhero team the Avengers. Loki does this to strike back at his adopted brother Thor, the supervillain team consists of Doctor Doom, the Kingpin, Magneto, the Mandarin, the Red Skull, and the Wizard. Loki also attempts to recruit Apocalypse, Cobra, and the Mad Thinker, Loki also approaches Namor, but he rejects the offer stating he is not a villain anymore. To assist the master villains, Loki engineers a jailbreak at the Vault, the lesser villains are then directed against heroes who have never fought them before, the theory being that the unfamiliarity will act in the villains favor. While they did manage to give many of the heroes unusual fits, an example of this is where Magneto, a mutant and a Jewish Holocaust survivor, attacks the Red Skull, whose Nazi beliefs include a prejudice against mutants, and imprisons him in a buried crypt. The supervillain pawns are defeated by the heroes, a frustrated Loki reveals himself and imprisons the Kingpin, the Mandarin and the Wizard while Doctor Doom is revealed to have been using a Doombot and Magneto is not present. The Avengers track the group and defeat the villains, with Thor forcing Loki to flee back to their home of Asgard. Loki commits one last act of villainy and fuses three Sentinels to form the robot Tri-Sentinel, so that it can destroy New York City, the Tri-Sentinel is stopped by Spider-Man, who at the time possessed the powers of Captain Universe. The following issues are listed in order, Thor #410 - Loki recruits Doctor Doom. Cloak & Dagger #8 - Jester, Hydro Man, and Fenris arrive and declare their Act of Vengeance. Solo Avengers #26 - Loki recruits Wizard and springs Griffin, Armadillo, Hydro-Man, Angar, Titania, Scarecrow, Electro, Orca, Mr. Hyde, Whirlwind, Molten Man, the villains battle Hawkeye & Iron Man. New Mutants #84 - - Rusty Collins attempts to prevent the Vultures jailbreak
30.
Thor (Marvel Comics)
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Thor is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series, and is a member of the superhero team the Avengers. The character has appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series, clothing, toys, trading cards, video games. The character was first portrayed in action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns. Thor placed 14th on IGNs list of Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time in 2011, a different version of the mythological Thor had appeared previously in Venus #12-13. Lee in 2002 described Thors genesis early in the Marvel pantheon, following the creation of the Hulk and it finally came to me, Dont make him human — make him a god. I decided readers were already pretty familiar with the Greek and Roman gods and it might be fun to delve into the old Norse legends. In a 1984 interview Kirby said I did a version of Thor for D. C. in the fifties before I did him for Marvel. I created Thor at Marvel because I was forever enamored of legends, which is why I knew about Balder, Heimdall, I tried to update Thor and put him into a superhero costume, but he was still Thor. And in a 1992 interview, Kirby said knew the Thor legends very well, I felt that might be a new thing for comics, taking the old legends and modernizing them. Subsequent stories of the 13-page feature The Mighty Thor continued to be plotted by Lee, various artists penciled the feature, including Jack Kirby, Joe Sinnott, Don Heck, and Al Hartley. With Journey into Mystery #101, the series began a long and definitive run by writer and co-plotter Lee, Lee and Kirby included Thor in The Avengers #1 as a founding member of the superhero team. The character has appeared in every subsequent volume of the series. The five-page featurette Tales of Asgard was added in Journey into Mystery #97, the feature itself expanded to 18 pages in #105, which eliminated the remaining anthological story from each issue, it was reduced to 16 pages five issues later. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that the adventures of Thor were gradually transformed from stories about a superhero into a spectacular saga. Artist Chic Stone, who inked several early Thor stories, observed that Kirby could just lead you through all these different worlds, the readers would follow him anywhere. Journey into Mystery was retitled Thor with issue #126, Tales of Asgard was replaced by a five-page featurette starring the Inhumans from #146–152, after which featurettes were dropped and the Thor stories expanded to Marvels then-standard 20-page length. Marvel filed for a trademark for The Mighty Thor in 1967, after Kirby left the title, Neal Adams penciled issues #180-181
31.
Cyttorak
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Cyttorak is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. A mystical entity, he is the deity that powers Juggernaut through the known as Crimson Gem of Cyttorak. Cyttorak existed as a deity who received worship on Earth until under unknown circumstances he was banished from the Earth and he took up residence in a dimension known as the Crimson Cosmos, where time did not pass. Approximately one thousand years ago, a gathering of eight great magical beings took place and these beings -- Balthakk, Farallah, Ikonn, Krakkan, Raggadorr, Valtorr, Watoomb, and Cyttorak—disagreed as to who had the greatest power. Hence, they settled on the Wager of the Octessence, then would come the Ceremony of the Octessence, where a gathering of the Exemplars would attend the construction of a great magical engine, which would overwhelm the wills of all human beings. After the enslavement of humanity, each Exemplar would rule an eighth of humanity, Cyttorak managed to build a temple in a Southeast Asian country. He had a demon named Xorak protect this temple for him. At some point in the past, the adept, the Ancient One. Centuries ago, a group of renegade monks tried to summon Cyttorak, an adept named Gomurr, who served as the apprentice to one of the most disreputable conjurers on the continent opposed this avatar of Cyttorak. Gomurr received the aid of Tar, his rival, as well as an Initiate of the Ebon Vein. Gomurr and Tar, collaborating, succeeded in forcing this aspect of Cyttorak within the Crimson Gem of Cyttorak, Tar later attained the title of the Proctor of the Crimson Dawn, but Gomurr would later hold this office. Cyttorak was last seen being released from a prison by Pete Wisdom during the Skrull invasion of Otherworld. During the Fear Itself storyline, Magik took herself, Colossus and they inform Cyttorak that Juggernaut has been transformed into Kuurth, Breaker of Stone and is under the control of the Serpent. Colossus makes a bargain with Cyttorak to gain the power to stand against Kuurth, Cyttorak agrees to the terms and Colossus becomes the new avatar of the Juggernaut and is able to push Cain Marko back until Cain is summoned by the Serpent. Cyttorak later attended the Devils Advocacy where he spoke out against the Serpents actions on Earth where he took control of Cain Marko. During the Avengers vs. X-Men storyline, Cyttorak wasnt pleased that a fragment of the Phoenix Force has possessed Colossus, recently, Magik banishes the Juggernaut powers from Colossus. Through a miniature portal generated by Man-Thing, Cyttorak detected Cain Markos presence, Jin Taiko was Cyttoraks avatar before Cain Marko. Cain as the new Juggernaut faced and killed Jin Taiko, burning the village to the ground, during the Korean War, an American soldier named Cain Marko hid in a cave to avoid an attack by the enemy
32.
X-Men Unlimited
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X-Men Unlimited was the title of two comic book series published by Marvel Comics. The purpose of this title was to run stories that fit between the main X-Men comics, the stories included all characters from the X-titles, and the issues were collections of short stories. An anthology title, these stories focus less on the main continuity, the series ran from 1993 to 2003. This title allowed new and lesser-known writers and artists to write, the comics were also usually self-contained stories, with the exception of a tie-in to the Onslaught crossover. This was particularly unique during the late 1990s when most X-Men titles frequently had story arcs that were several issues long and it ran as a quarterly feature releasing four issues per year until late 2002 when it converted into a monthly title. The second series ran from early 2004 to early 2006, the series final issue was in June 2006. Each issue contained two short self-contained stories, in almost every case each story would focus specifically on one character, giving an in-depth glimpse into their psyche
33.
Malibu Comics
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Malibu Comics Entertainment, Inc. was an American comic book publisher active in the late 1980s and early 1990s, best known for its Ultraverse line of superhero titles. Notable titles under the Malibu label included The Men in Black, Ultraforce, The Night Man, the companys headquarters was in Calabasas, California. Malibu was initially publisher of record for Image Comics from 1992 to 1993, the companys other imprints included Aircel Comics and Eternity Comics. Malibu also owned a software development company that designed video games in the early to mid-1990s called Malibu Interactive. Malibu Comics was launched in 1986 by Dave Olbrich and Tom Mason thanks to the financing of Scott Mitchell Rosenberg, Olbrich had previously been an employee of Fantagraphics, as well as the administrator of The Jack Kirby Awards. Malibus 1987 financing arrangement with Rosenberg also led to it effectively acquiring Eternity Comics, in 1989, Malibu acquired the publisher Adventure Publications. From that point forward, the Malibu brand was used for titles, while the Eternity brand was used for the magazine line. The Adventure Publications brand was used for Malibus licensed titles, such as Planet of the Apes and Doc Savage, while the Aircel brand was used for Barry Blairs comics, in 1992, heroes from Centaur Publications were revived in the form of the Protectors. Several of these characters had short-lived spin-off titles of their own, the Centaur heroes and other characters from Adventure, Aircel and Eternity plus Dead Clown and Widowmaker were put together in one Universe to form the Genesis line. The Bravura imprint was launched for the creator-owned and licensed titles. The company also served as publishers of record for the first comics from Image Comics in 1992 and this move led to Malibu obtaining almost 10% of the American comics market share, temporarily moving ahead of industry giant DC Comics. However, by the beginning of 1993, Images financial situation was secure enough to publish its titles independently, in late 1992, seeking to capitalize on the growing video game market, Malibu merged with video game developer Acme Interactive to form Malibu Interactive. The line was in part intended to fill the gap left by Images independence and they boasted improved production values over traditional comics, and a roster of respected and/or talented new writers and artists. Various promotions for special editions or limited-print stories followed, the Ultraverse line came to dominate Malibus catalog. Malibu launched additionally the Rock-It Comix imprint for rock band comics in early 1994, as sales declined industry-wide in the mid-1990s, Malibu canceled lower-selling series. Nonetheless, the assets were still seen as attractive enough to garner interest from DC Comics in the spring of 1994. In addition, Rosenberg and Malibu signed with the William Morris Agency, the company was purchased by Marvel Comics on November 3,1994. In the middle of the year, Malibu standard-bearers Mason
34.
Avengers (comics)
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The Avengers are a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team made its debut in The Avengers #1, created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby, labeled Earths Mightiest Heroes, the Avengers originally consisted of Hank Pym, the Hulk, Iron Man, Thor, and the Wasp. The original Captain America was discovered, trapped in ice, a rotating roster became a hallmark, although one theme remained consistent, the Avengers fight the foes no single superhero can withstand. The team, famous for its battle cry of Avengers Assemble. has featured humans, mutants, inhumans, robots, aliens, supernatural beings, and even former villains. The team has appeared in a variety of media outside of comic books including a number of different animated television series. A second Avengers film titled Avengers, Age of Ultron was released on May 1,2015, the team debuted in The Avengers #1. Much like the Justice League, the Avengers were an assemblage of pre-existing superhero characters created by Lee, between 1996 and 2004, Marvel relaunched the primary Avengers title three times. In 1996, the Heroes Reborn line took place in an alternate universe, the Avengers vol.3 relaunched and ran for 84 issues from February 1998 to August 2004. In January 2005, a new version of the team appeared in the ongoing title The New Avengers, followed by The Mighty Avengers, Avengers, The Initiative, Avengers vol.4 debuted in July 2010 and ran until January 2013. Vol.5 was launched in February 2013, after Secret Wars, a new Avengers team debuted, dubbed the All-New, All-Different Avengers, starting with a Free Comic Book Day preview. After the group vanquished Loki, Ant-Man stated that the five worked well together and suggested they form a team, Captain America soon joined the team in issue #4, and he was given founding member status in the Hulks place. The Avengers went on to fight such as Baron Zemo, who formed the Masters of Evil, Kang the Conqueror, Wonder Man. The next milestone came when every member but Captain America resigned, Giant-Man, now calling himself Goliath, and the Wasp rejoined. Hercules became part of the team, while the Black Knight, Spider-Man was offered membership but did not join the group. The Black Panther joined after rescuing the team from the Grim Reaper, the X-Men #45 featured a crossover with The Avengers #53. This was followed by the introduction of the android the Vision, Pym assumed the new identity of Yellowjacket in issue #59, and married the Wasp the following month. The Avengers headquarters was in a New York City building called Avengers Mansion, the team encountered new characters such as Arkon in issue #75, and Red Wolf in #80. The Avengers briefly disband when Skrulls impersonating Captain America, Thor, the true founding Avengers, minus the Wasp, reformed the team in response after complaints from Jarvis
35.
Incarnation
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Incarnation literally means embodied in flesh or taking on flesh. It refers to the conception and birth of a sentient being who is the manifestation of an entity. In its religious context the word is used to mean the descent from Heaven of a god, or divine being in human/animal form on Earth. In the Baháí Faith, God is not seen to be incarnated into this world and is not seen to be part of creation as he cannot be divided and does not descend to the condition of his creatures. The Manifestations of God are also not seen as an incarnation of God, Buddhism is a non-theistic religion, it denies the concept of a creator god or any incarnation of a creator god. In Tibetan Buddhism, a spiritual teacher is believed to reincarnate. According to Tulku Thondup, there are three types of tulkus. They are the emanations of buddhas, the manifestations of highly accomplished adepts, there are also authentic secondary types as well which include unrecognized tulkus, blessed tulkus, and tulkus fallen from the path. The incarnation of Christ is a central Christian doctrine that God became flesh, assumed a human nature, and became a man in the form of Jesus, the Son of God and the second person of the Trinity. This foundational Christian position holds that the nature of the Son of God was perfectly united with human nature in one divine Person, Jesus. The theological term for this is hypostatic union, the Second Person of the Trinity, God the Son, biblical passages traditionally referenced in connection with the doctrine of the Incarnation include John 3, 1-21, Colossians 2,9, and Philippians 2, 7-8. In Hinduism, incarnation refers to its doctrine, and in its theistic traditions to avatar. Avatar literally means descent, alight, to ones appearance. The word also implies to overcome, to remove, to bring down, an avatar, states Justin Edwards Abbott, is a saguna embodiment of the nirguna Brahman or Atman. Neither the Vedas nor the Principal Upanishads ever mention the word avatar as a noun, the verb roots and form, such as avatarana, do appear in ancient post-Vedic Hindu texts, but as action of descending, but not as an incarnated person. The related verb avatarana is, states Paul Hacker, used with double meaning, one as action of the divine descending, the term is most commonly found in the context of the Hindu god Vishnu. It is in medieval era texts, those composed after the sixth century CE, that the version of avatar appears. The incarnation idea proliferates thereafter, in the Puranic stories for many deities, while Avatars of other deities such as Ganesha and Shiva are also mentioned in medieval Hindu texts, this is minor and occasional
36.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
37.
Korea
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Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states, North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and it is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan. Korea emerged as a political entity after centuries of conflict among the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Later Silla divided into three states during the Later Three Kingdoms period. Goryeo, which had succeeded Goguryeo, defeated the two states and united the Korean Peninsula. Around the same time, Balhae collapsed and its last crown prince fled south to Goryeo, Goryeo, whose name developed into the modern exonym Korea, was a highly cultured state that created the worlds first metal movable type in 1234. However, multiple invasions by the Mongol Yuan Dynasty during the 13th century greatly weakened the nation, following the Yuan Dynastys collapse, severe political strife followed, and Goryeo eventually fell to a coup led by General Yi Seong-gye, who established Joseon in 1388. The first 200 years of Joseon were marked by peace and saw the creation of the Korean alphabet by Sejong the Great in the 14th century. During the later part of the dynasty, however, Koreas isolationist policy earned it the Western nickname of the Hermit Kingdom, by the late 19th century, the country became the object of imperial design by the Empire of Japan. Despite attempts at modernization by the Korean Empire, in 1910 Korea was annexed by Japan and these circumstances soon became the basis for the division of Korea by the two superpowers, exacerbated by their incapability to agree on the terms of Korean independence. To date, both continue to compete with each other as the sole legitimate government of all of Korea. Korea is the spelling of Corea, a name attested in English as early as 1614. It is a derived from Cauli, Marco Polos transcription of the Chinese 高麗. This was the Hanja for the Korean kingdom of Goryeo or Koryŏ, Goryeos name was a continuation of the earlier Goguryeo or Koguryŏ, the northernmost of the Samguk, which was officially known by the shortened form Goryeo after the 5th-century reign of King Jangsu. The original name was a combination of the go with the name of a local Yemaek tribe. The name Korea is now used in English contexts by both North and South Korea. In South Korea, Korea as a whole is referred to as Hanguk, the name references the Samhan—Ma, Jin, and Byeon—who preceded the Three Kingdoms in the southern and central end of the peninsula during the 1st centuries BC and AD. It has been linked with the title khan used by the nomads of Manchuria
38.
Ruby
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A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires, Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. They word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red, the color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, the brightest and most valuable red called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. After color follows clarity, similar to diamonds, a stone will command a premium. Ruby is the birthstone for July and is usually more pink than garnet. The worlds most expensive ruby is the Sunrise Ruby, rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Among the natural gems only moissanite and diamond are harder, with diamond having a Mohs hardness of 10.0, when a chromium atom replaces an occasional aluminum atom, it too loses 3 electrons to become a chromium3+ ion to maintain the charge balance of the Al2O3 crystal. However, the Cr3+ ions are larger and have electron orbitals in different directions than aluminum, the octahedral arrangement of the O2− ions is distorted, and the energy levels of the different orbitals of those Cr3+ ions are slightly altered because of the directions to the O2− ions. Those energy differences correspond to absorption in the ultraviolet, violet, if one percent of the aluminum ions are replaced by chromium in ruby, the yellow-green absorption results in a red color for the gem. Additionally, absorption at any of the above wavelengths stimulates fluorescent emission of 694-nanometer-wavelength red light, after absorbing short-wavelength light, there is short interval of time when the crystal lattice of ruby is in an excited state before fluorescence occurs. If 694-nanometer photons pass through the crystal during that time, they can stimulate more fluorescent photons to be emitted in-phase with them, thus strengthening the intensity of that red light. By arranging mirrors or other means to pass emitted light repeatedly through the crystal, all natural rubies have imperfections in them, including color impurities and inclusions of rutile needles known as silk. Gemologists use these needle inclusions found in natural rubies to distinguish them from synthetics, simulants, usually, the rough stone is heated before cutting. These days, almost all rubies are treated in some form, untreated rubies of high quality command a large premium. Some rubies show a three-point or six-point asterism or star and these rubies are cut into cabochons to display the effect properly. Asterisms are best visible with a source and move across the stone as the light moves or the stone is rotated. Such effects occur when light is reflected off the silk in a certain way and this is one example where inclusions increase the value of a gemstone
39.
Fantastic Four
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The Fantastic Four is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The group debuted in The Fantastic Four #1, which helped to usher in a new level of realism in the medium. As the first superhero team title produced by Marvel Comics, it formed a cornerstone of the companys 1960s rise from a division of a publishing company to a pop culture conglomerate. Since their original 1961 introduction, the Fantastic Four have been portrayed as a dysfunctional, yet loving. Breaking convention with other comic book archetypes of the time, they would squabble, the Fantastic Four have been adapted into other media, including four animated series and four live-action films. According to Lee, writing in 1974, Martin mentioned that he had noticed one of the published by National Comics seemed to be selling better than most. It was a book called The Justice League of America and it was composed of a team of superheroes, if the Justice League is selling, spoke he, why dont we put out a comic book that features a team of superheroes. Determined to carve a career for myself in the nowhere world of comic books, Lee concluded that, For just this once. Lee said he created a synopsis for the first Fantastic Four story that he gave to penciller Jack Kirby, Kirby turned in his penciled art pages to Lee, who added dialogue and captions. Kirby claims he came up with the idea for the Fantastic Four in Marvels offices, Kirby also sought to establish, more credibly and on numerous occasions, that the visual elements of the strip were his conceptions. He regularly pointed to a team he had created for rival publisher DC Comics in the 1950s, F you notice the uniforms, theyre the same. I always give them a skintight uniform with a belt, the Challengers and the FF have a minimum of decoration. And of course, the Things skin is a kind of decoration, the chest insignia of a 4 within a circle, however, was designed by Lee. The characters wear no uniforms in the first two issues, given the conflicting statements, outside commentators have found it hard to identify with precise detail who created the Fantastic Four. Comics historian R. C. Harvey believes that the Fantastic Four was a furtherance of the work Kirby had been doing previously, but Harvey notes that the Marvel Method of collaboration allowed each man to claim credit, and that Lees dialogue added to the direction the team took. Wells argues that it was Lees contributions which set the framework within which Kirby worked, and this made Lee more responsible. Comics historian Mark Evanier, an assistant to Jack Kirby in the 1970s, says that the considered opinion of Lee and Kirbys contemporaries was that Fantastic Four was created by Stan. No further division of credit seemed appropriate, the release of The Fantastic Four #1 was an unexpected success
40.
Human Torch
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The Human Torch is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is a member of the Fantastic Four. Like the rest of the Fantastic Four, Jonathan Johnny Storm gained his powers on a spacecraft bombarded by cosmic rays and he can engulf his entire body in flames, fly, absorb fire harmlessly into his own body, and control any nearby fire by sheer force of will. Which the Torch customarily shouts when activating his full-body flame effect, has become his catchphrase, in the early 1960s, he starred in a series of solo adventures, published in Strange Tales. Human Torch is also a friend and frequent ally of the superhero Spider-Man, Jordan portrayed him in the 2015 film Fantastic Four. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, Johnny Storm is a renovation of Carl Burgoss original character, Storm first appeared in The Fantastic Four #1, establishing him as a member of the titular superhero team. He co-starred in two comics, Spider-Man & the Human Torch in. Harris, scriptwriter and artist Kesel, and breakdown artist Steve Ditko, growing up in Glenville, New York, a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed. Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a shark in self-defense. Johnny Storm was then raised by his sister, Sue Storm. Storm, with the ability to become a human with the power of flight. Though a member of a team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville. Here he thought he maintained an identity, although his fellow townsfolk were well aware of his being a member of the Fantastic Four. This series introduced what would become recurring the Fantastic Four foes the Wizard and Paste-Pot Pete, in Storms home life, Mike Snow, a member of the high-school wrestling squad, bullied Storm until an accidental flare-up of the Torchs powers scarred Snows face. Storm dated fellow student Dorrie Evans, although she grew tired of his constant disappearances. After graduating high school, Storm enrolled at New York Citys Metro College, there he befriended his roommate Wyatt Wingfoot. He also met the original Human Torch of the 1930s and 1940s, around this time, Storm met and fell in love with Crystal, a member of the superpowered race the Inhumans. Storm dropped out college but remained friends with Wingfoot, who participated in the Fantastic Fours adventures
41.
Warren Worthington III
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Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The X-Men #1. Angel is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants and he originally possesses a pair of large feathered wings extending from his back, enabling him to fly. He is the heir to a corporation called Worthington Industries. This privileged background results in Warren being stereotyped as a self-absorbed playboy during his years with the X-Men. This personality was replaced with a more introspective and brooding personality in the late 1980s. One of the original X-Men, Archangel has had a frequent presence in X-Men-related comic books throughout the years and he appeared occasionally in X-Men animated series and video games. Ben Foster played the role of Angel in the 2006 film X-Men, The Last Stand and Ben Hardy portrays him in the 2016 film X-Men, the character was created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-creator Jack Kirby and first appeared in X-Men #1 as Angel. He appeared as a character in that title until it was cancelled with issue #66. The title was revived shortly after, reprinting earlier issues from issue #67 to #93, in 1970 and 1971, a three-part Angel solo feature was published as a back-up strip in Ka-Zar #2 and #3 and Marvel Tales #30. Angel appeared in the X-Men revamp by Len Wein and Dave Cockrum in 1975 with the introduction of the All-New, All-Different X-Men, Angel and fellow X-Men Iceman were transitioned into a new series called The Champions, which ran from 1975–1978. The series was written by writer Tony Isabella, and was conceived as a showcase for both former X-Men characters. Angel returned to the X-Men briefly in Uncanny X-Men #134, officially returning to the roster in issue #138 before once again leaving in issue #148, Angel would stay with the title, as the groups leader, for the books last three years of publication. The series was canceled in 1986 to free up Angel and his fellow X-Men to star in X-Factor, Angel remained in the book until issue #70, which was the last issue before the book was revamped with an all-new roster. During X-Factor #16–24, the character is presumed dead after losing his wings, Angel was dramatically revamped as a character, given a new costume, blue skin, and metallic wings which could fire blades. He first appeared as Archangel in X-Factor #24, Angel was added to the cast of the Uncanny X-Men title and appeared in that series and its companion series X-Men for most of the 1990s. In 1996, Marvel also published a one-shot story simply called Archangel and he also appeared alongside Psylocke in a limited series called Psylocke & Archangel, Crimson Dawn. From 1999 to 2001, Angel also featured in the series X-Men, The Hidden Years, under Joe Casey and Chuck Austen, Angel became leader of the X-Men team that appeared in the pages of Uncanny X-Men. After Chris Claremont replaced Austen on that title, the character went away for months before reappearing in the pages of another Claremont-written series
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Telepathy
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Telepathy is the purported transmission of information from one person to another without using any of our known sensory channels or physical interaction. Telepathy experiments have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls, there is no convincing evidence that telepathy exists, and the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a theme in modern fiction and science fiction, with many extraterrestrials, superheroes. As the physical sciences made significant advances, scientific concepts were applied to mental phenomena, the modern concept of telepathy emerged in this context. The skeptic Eric Dingwall criticized SPR founding members Frederic W. H. Myers, in the late 19th century the magician Washington Irving Bishop would perform thought reading demonstrations. Bishop claimed no supernatural powers and ascribed his powers to muscular sensitivity, Bishop was investigated by a group of scientists including the editor of the British Medical Journal and the psychologist Francis Galton. Bishop performed several feats such as correctly identifying a selected spot on a table. During the experiment Bishop required physical contact with a subject who knew the correct answer and he would hold the hand or wrist of the helper. The scientists concluded that Bishop was not a telepath but using a highly trained skill to detect ideomotor movements. Another famous thought reader was the magician Stuart Cumberland, Cumberland claimed to possess no genuine psychic ability and his thought reading performances could only be demonstrated by holding the hand of his subject to read their muscular movements. He came into dispute with psychical researchers associated with the Society for Psychical Research who were searching for genuine cases of telepathy. Cumberland argued that telepathy and communication with the dead were impossible and that the mind of man can not be read through telepathy. In the late 19th century the Creery Sisters were tested by the Society for Psychical Research, however, during a later experiment they were caught utilizing signal codes and they confessed to fraud. G. A. Smith and myself have been accepted and cited as the evidence of the truth of thought transference. The psychologist Leonard T. Troland had carried out experiments in telepathy at Harvard University which were reported in 1917, the subjects produced below chance expectations. Arthur Conan Doyle and W. T, Stead were duped into believing Julius and Agnes Zancig had genuine psychic powers. Both Doyle and Stead wrote the Zancigs performed telepathy, the results revealed no evidence for telepathy. She attempted to duplicate 290 pictures which were drawn by her husband, Sinclair claimed Mary successfully duplicated 65 of them, with 155 partial successes and 70 failures
43.
Cyclops (comics)
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Cyclops is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and is a founding member of the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in the comic book The X-Men #1, Cyclops is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. Cyclops can emit beams of energy from his eyes. He cannot control the beams without the aid of special eyewear which he must wear at all times. He is typically considered the first of the X-Men, a team of mutant heroes who fight for peace and equality between mutants and humans, and one of the teams primary leaders. One of Marvels most prominent characters, Cyclops was rated #1 on IGN. coms list of Top 25 X-Men from the past forty years in 2006, and the 39th in their 2011 list of Top 100 Comic Book Heroes. In 2008, Wizard Magazine also ranked Cyclops the 106th in their list of the 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time, in a 2011 poll, readers of Comic Book Resources voted Cyclops as 9th in the ranking of 2011 Top Marvel Characters. James Marsden has portrayed Cyclops in the first three and the seventh X-Men films, while in the 2009 prequel film, X-Men Origins, Wolverine, in 2016s X-Men, Apocalypse, he is portrayed by Tye Sheridan. Cyclops first appeared in X-Men #1 and he was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, and has been a mainstay character of the X-Men series. Lee said that Cyclops and the Beast were his two favorite X-Men, elaborating that I love tortured heroes – and he was tortured because he couldnt control his power, originally dubbed Slim Summers, by X-Men #3 his name was changed to Scott, with Slim becoming a nickname. Scott is the first of the X-Men recruited by Professor X, Xavier hand-picks Scott to lead his X-Men, Xavier views Scott as one of his most prized pupils, their relationship exhibits father/son qualities. Dave Cockrum created the Starjammers, including Corsair, and convinced X-Men writer Chris Claremont to use the characters for this series, in order to provide a plausible excuse for the Starjammers to make repeat appearances in X-Men, they decided to make Corsair the father of Cyclops. Summers remained a member of the team up through Uncanny X-Men #138, after departing the main cast, he was a recurring character in the series until Uncanny X-Men #201, after which he was featured in the launch of a new series by Marvel. This new series, X-Factor, launched in 1986 and starred the original X-Men team of Cyclops, Marvel Girl, Beast, Iceman, Scott stayed with the X-Factor title through X-Factor #70. In October 1991, Summers returns to the X-Men to launch X-Men #1 and this series was the second of two X-Men titles and featured Cyclops, Wolverine, Gambit, Psylocke, Rogue, and the Beast as Blue team. Cyclops has recently featured in another title launch with the second introduction of a new X-Men series Astonishing X-Men. Astonishing X-Men features Cyclops, Wolverine, Shadowcat, Colossus, Emma Frost, throughout this time, Cyclops continued to make appearances in Uncanny X-Men Marvel has also used Cyclops to launch variant series of X-Men titles most notably Ultimate X-Men and New X-Men. In 1991, writer Brian K. Vaughan worked on the self-titled series Cyclops #1–4, in 2000, Joseph Harris wrote the four-issue run titled X-Men, The Search for Cyclops that dealt with Cyclopss return after merging with Apocalypse in the events of the Twelve from Uncanny X-Men #377
