1.
Christian Clavier
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Christian Clavier is a French actor, screenwriter, film producer and film director. He is the brother of French film director Stéphane Clavier, became a popular exclamation after the movies success. After les Visiteurs he was a star, participating in big-budget films like Astérix et Obélix contre César, Astérix & Obélix, Mission Cléopâtre. He also played dramatic roles on television, including M. Thénardier in Les Misérables. Clavier has played in duos with, Jean Reno in les Visiteurs. Gérard Depardieu in Astérix et Obélix and Les anges gardiens and he also runs a production company, Ouille Production. He was made Chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite on 13 June 1998 and he was made Chevalier of the Légion dhonneur in 2008. He is a friend of former French président Nicolas Sarkozy, and he denies this was as a result of Francois Hollandes punitive tax policy. Christian Clavier at the Internet Movie Database
2.
John Hughes (filmmaker)
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John Wilden Hughes, Jr. was an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Hughes was born in Lansing, Michigan, to a mother who volunteered in charity work and John Hughes and he spent the first twelve years of his life in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Hughes described himself as kind of quiet as a kid, I grew up in a neighborhood that was mostly girls and old people. There werent any boys my age, so I spent a lot of time by myself, and every time we would get established somewhere, we would move. Life just started to get good in seventh grade, and then we moved to Chicago, I ended up in a really big high school, and I didnt know anybody. But then The Beatles came along changed my whole life, and then Bob Dylans Bringing It All Back Home came out and really changed me. Thursday I was one person, and Friday I was another and my heroes were Dylan, John Lennon and Picasso, because they each moved their particular medium forward, and when they got to the point where they were comfortable, they always moved on. In 1963, Hughess family moved to Northbrook, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago and this is where Hughess father found work selling roofing materials. There Hughes attended Glenbrook North High School, which gave him inspiration for the films made his reputation in later years. After dropping out of the University of Arizona, Hughes began selling jokes to well-established performers such as Rodney Dangerfield and Joan Rivers. Hughes used his jokes to get a job at Needham, Harper & Steers as an advertising copywriter in Chicago in 1970. During this time, he created became the famous Edge Credit Card Shaving Test ad campaign. Hughes work on the Virginia Slims account frequently took him to the Philip Morris headquarters in New York City and this gave him the opportunity to hang around the offices of the National Lampoon magazine. Hughes subsequently penned a story, inspired by his trips as a child. That piece, Vacation 58, later became the basis for the film National Lampoons Vacation and his first credited screenplay, Class Reunion, was written while still on staff at the magazine. The resulting film became the second attempt by the flagship to duplicate the runaway success of Animal House. It was Hughess next screenplay for the imprint, National Lampoons Vacation and that films success, along with the success of another of Hughes scripts, Mr. Mom, earned Hughes a three-movie deal with Universal Studios. It was the first in a string of efforts set in or around high school, including The Breakfast Club, Pretty in Pink, Weird Science, Ferris Buellers Day Off and Some Kind of Wonderful
3.
Les Visiteurs
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Les Visiteurs is a French fantasy comedy film directed by Jean-Marie Poiré and released in 1993. In this comedy, a 12th-century knight and his servant travel in time to the end of the 20th century and find themselves adrift in modern society. Les Visiteurs was the Number 1 box office film in France in 1993, with 13,782,846 ticket sales, the publicity for the film used the tagline Ils ne sont pas nés dhier. Reno and Clavier reprised their roles in a sequel in 1998, the American remake Just Visiting in 2001, the castle of Ermenonville, in Oise département, served as decoration for the castle of Montmirail in the current time and the Cité de Carcassonne for medieval period. In the year 1123, Godefroy Amaury de Malfête, Count of Apremont and Papincourt, saves the life of his beloved sovereign, for this action of bravery, the King makes him Count of Montmirail and promises him the woman he loves, the beautiful Frénégonde de Pouille. On his way to the castle to marry Frénégonde, Godefroys drinking flask is drugged by the witch he had taken prisoner. Hallucinating, he believes the Duke of Pouille, father of his wife, is a ferocious bear. In an attempt to repair his mistake, Godefroy asks the wizard Eusebius to send him back in time to a moment before he shot the Duke, the old wizard muddles his magical spell, accidentally sending Godefroy and Jacquouille to the year 1992. Jacquouille, meanwhile, is befriended by Ginette la Clocharde, a vagrant they meet early in their adventure. Béatrice, thinking Godefroy to be her long-lost stuntman cousin Hubert, gets Godefroy out of the hospital and takes them back to her home. Seeing the family seal on Godefroys hand, Beatrice assumes he stole the jewel from the castle de Montmirail and they go there and meet the owner of the castle, the effete Jacques-Henri Jacquard, the unwitting descendant and close likeness of Jacquouille. The jewel on Godefroys hand starts to burn as they get closer to the castle, the two seals explode and destroy Jacquards brand new Range Rover. Godefroy books a room for the night and finds a passage known only to him. There he finds a letter telling him to go to an address, where an aged Monsieur Ferdinand. Jacquouille, however, wants to stay, enjoying Ginettes company and having proved more adaptable than Godefroy in discovering toothpaste, modern clothing, furious at his behavior, Godefroy finally brings him to the hotel room by force. While Godefroy is talking with Béatrice, Jacquouille swaps jackets with his descendant, closes the curtains, dims the lights, in the dark, Godefroy gives Jacquard the potion which then sends him back to the year 1123. The bewildered Jacquard finds himself stranded in the past in the role of Godefroys servant as Godefroy leaves on horseback with Frénégonde, another sequel, The Visitors, Bastille Day, was released in 2016. The Navigator, A Medieval Odyssey Les Visiteurs at the Internet Movie Database
4.
Jean Reno
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Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez, known as Jean Reno, is a French actor. Reno was born Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez in Casablanca, Morocco and his parents were Spanish, natives of Sanlúcar de Barrameda and Jerez de la Frontera in Andalucia, and had moved to North Africa to find work and escape the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. He has a sister named María Teresa, and the children were raised Catholic. Their mother died when he was a teenager and he learned Spanish from his parents, and Arabic and French growing up in Morocco. At the age of seventeen, he moved to France, where he studied acting in the Cours Simon School of Drama, when he moved to France he served in the French Army which was mandatory to gain his French citizenship. After he started to get acting jobs in France, Juan adopted the French version of his name, Jean, due to his large frame, Reno was called on to play heavies in his early career. He later appeared in comedies and action films. He began his career in France, appearing in many films by director Luc Besson. The two have continued to work together, collaborating in films produced, written, or directed by Besson, of their joint work, those that have achieved the most critical and commercial success include, Nikita, and the English-language films The Big Blue and Léon, The Professional. Reno did the voice-over for Mufasa in the French-language version of The Lion King, Reno has starred in such high-profile American films as French Kiss with Meg Ryan and Kevin Kline, Mission, Impossible with Tom Cruise, Ronin with Robert De Niro, and Godzilla. Reno turned down the role of Agent Smith in The Matrix and he also acted in French productions, Les Visiteurs, The Crimson Rivers, and Jet Lag by Danièle Thompson, which was also a box-office success in France. In 2006, Reno had a prominent role in the remake of The Pink Panther and its sequel, playing Gilbert Ponton and he portrayed Captain Bezu Fache in the Ron Howard film The Da Vinci Code. Among his most successful films are Les Visiteurs and LEnquète corse, in advertising work, Reno has appeared in American television commercials for UPS and portrayed Doraemon in a series of Toyota ads in Japan, as part of the ReBorn campaign. Reno first married Geneviève, with whom he has a daughter, Sandra, renos second wife was Nathalie Dyszkiewicz, a Polish model, with whom he has a son, Tom, and a daughter, Serena. On 29 July 2006, Reno married for the time, to another Polish model and actress, Zofia Borucka,35. Then-presidential candidate Nicolas Sarkozy served as his best man, Zofia and Reno welcomed their first son Cielo born in July 2009 in New York City. Their second son Dean was born in September 2011, Reno maintains homes in Paris, Malaysia, and Los Angeles. Bouillabaisse Couples Retreat Video Interview at AMCtv. com
5.
Christina Applegate
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Christina Applegate is an American actress and dancer who as an adolescent actress started playing the role of Kelly Bundy on the Fox sitcom Married. In her adult years, Applegate established a film and television career, winning an Emmy and earning Tony and she is also known for doing the voice of Brittany in the Alvin and the Chipmunks film series. She has also starred in numerous Broadway theatre productions such as the 2005 revival of the musical Sweet Charity, Applegate was born in Hollywood, California. Her father, Robert William Bob Applegate, was a producer and record company executive. Her parents were separated shortly after her birth and she has two half-siblings from her fathers remarriage. After her parents divorce, her mother had a relationship with musician Stephen Stills and she was also seen as a guest in the shows, Father Murphy, Charles in Charge, and Silver Spoons. In 1986, Applegate won the role of Robin Kennedy, a policemans daughter, in the police drama series Heart of the City. Meanwhile, she was also seen guest starring in other television series such as All is Forgiven, Still the Beaver, Amazing Stories. In 1987, Applegate played the role of the ditzy, sexually promiscuous daughter, Kelly Bundy, on the Fox Networks first sitcom and she portrayed her character for 11 years. While working on the series, Applegate was seen in Dance til Dawn and in Streets, Applegate guest-starred in 21 Jump Street and Top of the Heap, and hosted Saturday Night Live and MADtv. Applegate followed with roles in such as Vibrations, Across the Moon, Wild Bill, Tim Burtons Mars Attacks. Applegate was one of the members of The Pussycat Dolls. Applegate emceed for the group when they moved to The Roxy in 2002, in 1996, Applegate auditioned for the role of Rose in James Camerons blockbuster hit fim Titanic, but lost to Kate Winslet. In 1998, Applegate was given the role in the NBC sitcom Jesse. Though the series gained critical praise, it was cancelled in 2000, the new millennium had Applegate playing the dual role of a 12th-century noblewoman, Princess Rosalind, and her 21st-century descendant, Julia Malfete, in the time-travel comedy Just Visiting. She was Princess Gwendolyn and Kate in the movie Prince Charming, in 2004, Applegate starred alongside Ben Affleck in the holiday comedy Surviving Christmas, and alongside Matt Dillon in Employee of the Month. Behind the screen, she was the producer of Comforters. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series her performance in The One with Rachels Other Sister
6.
Malcolm McDowell
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Malcolm McDowell is an English actor, known for his boisterous and sometimes villainous roles. He trained as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, throughout a career spanning over fifty years, McDowell has played varied film roles across different genres as a character actor. O Lucky Man. and Britannia Hospital and he is also known for his work in Cat People, Tank Girl, the 2007 remake of Halloween and its 2009 sequel, Halloween II, Easy A and The Artist. McDowell has had recurring roles on television series such as Entourage, Heroes. He narrated the documentary The Compleat Beatles, and in recent years, has become a voice actor in films, television series and video games such as Call of Duty. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2012, McDowell was born Malcolm John Taylor in Horsforth in the West Riding of Yorkshire. He is the son of Edna, a hotelier, and Charles Taylor, a publican and his family later moved to Bridlington, since his father was stationed at the nearby RAF Carnaby with the Royal Air Force. He grew up in Liverpool and worked in Planters nut factory in Aintree and in his fathers pub in Burscough, Lancashire. He is a fan of Premier League football team Liverpool. While enrolled in Cannock House School, McDowell began taking acting classes and he made his film debut as school rebel Mick Travis in if. by British director Lindsay Anderson. This was followed by Figures in a Landscape and The Raging Moon, caught the attention of Stanley Kubrick, who cast McDowell as the lead in A Clockwork Orange, adapted from the novel by Anthony Burgess. He won great acclaim as Alex, a young hoodlum brainwashed by the British government in a dystopian future and he worked with Anderson again for O Lucky Man. Which was inspired by McDowells experience working as a coffee salesman and he starred in Aces High and co-starred in Voyage of the Damned, and as Dornford Yates gentleman hero Richard Chandos in She Fell Among Thieves. He made his Hollywood debut as H. G. Wells in Time After Time and he often portrayed antagonists in the late 1970s and 1980s, including the title character in Caligula. He later remarked upon his career playing villains, I suppose Im primarily known for that but in fact. McDowell appeared in the action film Blue Thunder as F. E. Cochrane, in 1983, he starred in Get Crazy as Reggie Wanker, a parody of Mick Jagger. Also in 1983, McDowell starred as the Wolf in Faerie Tale Theatres rendition of Little Red Riding Hood, in 1984, he narrated the documentary The Compleat Beatles. McDowell appeared in computer games, most notably as Admiral Geoffrey Tolwyn in the Wing Commander series of computer games
7.
Tara Reid
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Tara Donna Reid is an American actress. She is known for playing Vicky in the films American Pie, American Pie 2, in 2013, she starred as April Wexler in the television film Sharknado, and went on to reprise the role in four sequels. Reid made her debut in A Return to Salems Lot in 1987. Her other film appearances include The Big Lebowski, Urban Legend, Dr. T & the Women, Josie and the Pussycats, Van Wilder, My Bosss Daughter, and Alone in the Dark. She had her own reality show on the E. network called Taradise in 2005. Tara Donna Reid was born and raised in Wyckoff, New Jersey and her father also worked on Wall Street. She also attended Professional Childrens School, in Manhattan, along with fellow actors Christina Ricci, Jerry OConnell, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Reid has twin younger siblings, Colleen and Patrick, and another brother, Tom. Reid began acting at age six, becoming a regular on the game show Childs Play, as a teenager, she was on Saved by the Bell, The New Class. After moving to Hollywood in 1997, Reid transitioned to movies, though the film disappointed at the box office, grossing only $17 million in the US, it has gone on to become a cult favorite. Reid found her first taste of mainstream success when she portrayed the role of the virginal Vickie in American Pie. The film also marked her first film to reach #1 at the box office, in 2001, she reprised the role in American Pie 2, which opened to $45 million and grossed over $145 million in the US, almost 50% more than its predecessor. Reid did not return for American Wedding, but did reprise the character in the theatrical film in the series. Following the success of American Pie 2, Reid starred in a number of commercial and critical misfires including Josie and she also starred as the youngest daughter of a Texas gynecologist in Robert Altmans Dr. T & the Women, alongside Richard Gere. She returned to the screen as a recurring character on the NBC sitcom, Scrubs. In 2005, she co-starred in infamous German filmmaker Uwe Bolls Alone in the Dark with Christian Slater and her mispronunciation of Newfoundland became a popular internet catchphrase. The film was panned by critics and Reid received a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Actress, Reid signed on to host the E. s Wild On Tara Reid, a program that showcased high-society vacations and hot spots. The show premiered on August 10,2005, but it was canceled in September, with Ted Harbert, networks president, saying it was incredibly difficult to produce with someone well-known. In January 2007, Reid filmed a commercial with Daniel Conn for Dodo, between 2007 and 2008, she starred in a number of direct-to-video films, including 7-10 Split/Strike, If I Had Known I Was a Genius, and Clean Break/Unnatural Causes
8.
Kelsey Grammer
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Allen Kelsey Grammer is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, producer, director, writer, singer, and activist. Grammer is known for his portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the NBC sitcoms Cheers. Grammer has been married four times and has seven children, Grammer was two years old when his parents divorced. Grammer attended Pine Crest School, a preparatory school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. After leaving Juilliard, he had an internship with the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in the late 1970s before a stint in 1980 at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis. He made his Broadway debut in 1981 as Lennox in Macbeth, Grammer then played Michael Cassio in a Broadway revival of Othello, with James Earl Jones and Christopher Plummer. In 1983 he performed on the demo of the Stephen Sondheim–James Lapine production Sunday in the Park with George, in 2000, Grammer again played Macbeth on Broadway, in a production that closed after only 10 days. Grammer originated the roles of Charles Frohman and Captain Hook in the Broadway premiere of the musical Finding Neverland in March 2015 and he returned to the stage from January 19,2016, to April 3. His television career began in the early 1980s when he portrayed Stephen Smith in the NBC miniseries Kennedy, Grammer came to broader public attention as Dr. Frasier Crane in the NBC sitcom Cheers. The character became the center of the spin-off Frasier, one of the most successful spin-offs in TV history. In addition to starring, he directed more than 30 episodes, especially during the second half of the series. Frasier was nominated for and won awards during its 11-year run. In 2001, he negotiated a US$700, 000-per-episode salary for Frasier and his 20-year run playing Dr. Frasier Crane ties a length set by James Arness in playing Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975 but was surpassed by Richard Belzer in playing Det. John Munch on Homicide, Life on the Street and Law & Order, Frasier Crane also had a crossover appearance in 1993 Wings episode Planes, Trains, & Visiting Cranes. In 2005, Grammer returned to television and he produced and appeared in an American adaptation of the British show The Sketch Show, which aired on Fox. The main cast consisted of Malcolm Barrett, Kaitlin Olson, Mary Lynn Rajskub and Paul F. Tompkins, Grammer appeared in only short opening and closing segments in each episode. Many of the sketches from the British version were re-created, such as the California Dreamin, English Course, only six episodes of the show were made, and it was canceled after only four of them had aired. In 2007, Grammer starred with Patricia Heaton in the American sitcom Back to You and it was canceled by Fox after its first season
9.
Hollywood Pictures
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Hollywood Pictures was an American film production label of The Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company. Because of the success of Disneys mature film division Touchstone Pictures, ricardo Mestres was appointed the divisions first president moving over from Touchstone Pictures. With Touchstone aligned with Hollywood, the two Disney Studio production divisions would share the same marketing and distribution staffs, Hollywood was expected to be producing 12 films a year by 1991 and to share funding from the Silver Screen Partners IV. The companys first release was Arachnophobia in 1990, on October 23,1990, The Walt Disney Company formed Touchwood Pacific Partners I to supplant the Silver Screen Partnership series as their movie studios primary funding source. After the collapse of their just renewed deal at Paramount Pictures, Don Simpson, on April 26,1994, Mestres was forced to resign after the lackluster performance of the division. Mestres moved to long term deal with the studio. On June 27,1994, Michael Lynton was appointed as new division president moving from Disney Publishing Group, Mestres left Lynton a few potential hits Robert Redfords Quiz Show, the Sarah Jessica Parker-Antonio Banderas drama Miami Rhapsody, and Dangerous Minds, starring Michelle Pfeiffer. In 1997, Lynton left for a position at Penguin Group, by 2001, Hollywood Pictures had produced 50 films but its operation was phased out. The first film released by the resurrected Hollywood was the 2006 horror film Stay Alive, then Primeval and The Invisible. Disney stopped releasing under the label in 2007 as the company announced a focus on three core brand names, Disney, ABC and ESPN with other brands, Touchstone, Miramax. List of Walt Disney Pictures films List of Touchstone Pictures films Hollywood Pictures at the Internet Movie Database
10.
Gaumont Film Company
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The Gaumont Film Company is a French mini-major film studio founded by the engineer-turned-inventor Léon Gaumont, in 1895. It is the first and oldest film company in the world, founded before other studios such as Pathé, Titanus, Nordisk Film, Universal, Gaumont predominantly produces, co-produces, and distributes films, and in 2011, 95% of Gaumonts consolidated revenues came from the film division. The company is becoming a TV series producer with its new American subsidiary Gaumont International Television as well as its existing French production features. Originally dealing in photographic apparatus, the company began producing films in 1897 to promote its make of camera-projector. Léon Gaumonts secretary Alice Guy-Blaché became the motion picture industry’s first female director, from 1905 to 1914, its Cité Elgé studios at La Villette, France, were the largest in the world. The company manufactured its own equipment and mass-produced films until 1907, when World War I broke out, he was replaced by Léonce Perret, who continued his career in the United States a few years later. The company headquarters are in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Gaumont opened foreign offices and acquired theatre chains Gaumont British, which later notably produced several films directed by Alfred Hitchcock such as The 39 Steps and The Lady Vanishes. Along with its competitor Pathé Frères, Gaumont dominated the industry in Europe until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Following the World War I, Gaumont suffered economic losses due to increased competition from American Hollywood productions, in 1925, the studios output had decreased to only 3 films. In addition, Gaumont was unable to pace with the cost of technological changes. Struck by mounting debts in the early 1930s and the effects of the Great Depression, in 1937, the studio ceased production and operated only as a theater and distribution company. The company was purchased by the French corporation Havas in 1938, renamed Société Nouvelle des Etablissements Gaumont, during the later years of World War II, Gaumont was effected by the financial ruin of Frances economy as well as the physical destruction of its facilities. The company ceased production until 1947, the period was to see the return to prominence of Gaumont Studios. On February 2,2000, Philippe Binant, technical manager of Digital Cinema Project at Gaumont, from 1993 to early 2004, Gaumount and Disney made a partnership for producing films for theater distribution. In 2001, Gaumont spun off the division into a joint-venture with Pathé since known as Les Cinémas Gaumont Pathé. Gaumont owns a 34% stake in the entity, which controls a large network in France, Switzerland. As of 2011, this stake is worth €214 million, in 2004, Gaumont continued its development with Pathé to set up another joint-venture, Gaumont-Pathé Archives. Gaumont owns 57. 5% of this entity, which contains newsreels, documentaries, from early 2004 to 2007, the company had a partnership with Sony for producing films and for theater and DVD distribution worldwide
11.
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
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Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor owned by The Walt Disney Company. The division took on its current name in late 2007, which before that had been Buena Vista Pictures Distribution since 1987, before 1953, Walt Disneys productions were distributed by Columbia Pictures, United Artists and RKO Radio Pictures. The name Buena Vista came from the street in Burbank, California, Buena Vistas first release was the Academy Award–winning live-action feature The Living Desert on November 10,1953 along with Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, Buena Vistas first animated release. Notable subsequent releases include the film, Yang Kwei Fei, released in US theaters in September 1956, The Missouri Traveler in March 1958. In April 1960, the company dropped Film from its name, in 1961, Disney incorporated Buena Vista International, distributing its first PG rated film, Take Down, in January 1979. The low-budget movie was not produced by the Disney studios and was acquired from an independent studio, in July 1987, Buena Vista changed its name to Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. Late in the 1980s, Disney purchased a stake in one of Pacific Theatres chain leading to Disneys Buena Vista Theaters and Pacific to renovate the El Capitan Theatre. The Crest was finished first while El Capitan opened with the premiere of The Rocketeer film on June 19,1991, the corporation purchased a 12. 8% share in Cinergi with its initial public offering in 1994. Soon, BVPD signed a 25 picture distribution deal with Cinergi, the Gaumont Film Company and Walt Disney formed Gaumont Buena Vista International, their joint venture French distribution company, in 1993. In August 1996, Disney and Tokuma Shoten Publishing agreed that Disney would distribute internationally Studio Ghibli animated films, in September 1996, following Disneys acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. was merged into ABC, Inc. the parent company of that group. In July 1998, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution purchased the Hollywood Masonic Temple building to continue using it as a promotional venue, by 1997, BVPDs share in Cinergi dropped to 5%.4 million and other loans. In 2002, Disney signed a four animated film deal with Vanguard Animation, however, since 2004, BVI and Gaumont dissolved their French distribution joint venture, Gaumont Buena Vista International. Buena Vista International agreed to a deal with MegaStar Joint Venture Company Limited in April 2006 for the Vietnam market. In April 2007, Disney discontinued using the Buena Vista brand in its distribution branding, the distribution deal ended in 2016, after DreamWorks and Disney decided to not renew their agreement in December 2015, with Universal replacing Disney as DreamWorks distributor. By the end of the deal, Disney had distributed 14 of DreamWorks original 30-picture agreement, Disney took complete ownership of the DreamWorks II film library in exchange for loans made to that company. In addition, Disney is the first of three studios that have released at least two billion-dollar films in the same year. Furthermore, Disney is the studio that has achieved this four times, in 2010,2013,2015, and 2016—that latter year of which included four $1 billion releases. Four of the top five highest-grossing animated films have been released by Disney, in addition, four of the top-five opening weekends were Disney releases
12.
Touchstone Pictures
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Touchstone Pictures is an American film distribution label of Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Previously, Touchstone operated as an film production banner of Walt Disney Studios. Touchstone Pictures merely serves as a brand, not a business operation. In 2009, Disney entered into a 5-year, 30-picture distribution deal with DreamWorks Pictures by which DreamWorks productions would be released through the Touchstone banner, Touchstone then distributed DreamWorks films from 2011 to 2016. Due to increased public assumption that Disney films were aimed at children and families, in late 1979, Disney Productions released The Black Hole, a science-fiction movie that was the studios first production to receive a PG rating. Over the next few years, Disney experimented with more PG-rated fare, tron was considered a potential Star Wars-level success film by the film division. A loss of $33 million was registered by the division in 1983 with the majority resulting from Something Wicked This Way Comes. Never Cry Wolf, a 1983 PG release that featured male nudity did well as the studio downplayed the films association with the Disney brand. Touchstone Films was started by then-Disney CEO Ron W. Miller on February 15,1984 as a label for their PG films with an expected 3 to 4 movies released under the label. Touchstones first film was Splash, a hit for grossing $68 million at the domestic box office was released that year. Incoming Disney CEO Michael Eisner and film chief Jeffrey Katzenberg considered renaming the label to Hollywood Pictures, following in 1986, Down and Out in Beverly Hills was another early success for Touchstone and is noted as Disneys first R-rated film. Allowing the momentum to increase with films with Ruthless People, Outrageous Fortune, Tin Men. In April 1985, Touchstone Films were licensed to Showtime/The Movie Channel for five years starting in 1986, Touchstone Films was renamed Touchstone Pictures after the film Ruthless People in 1986. With the Touchstone movies, Disney moved to the top of box office receipts beating out all the major film studios by 1988. In April 1988, Touchstone became a unit of Walt Disney Pictures with newly appointed president Ricardo Mestres, on October 23,1990, The Walt Disney Company formed Touchwood Pacific Partners I to supplant the Silver Screen Partnership series as their movie studios primary funding source. Mestres was appointed president of Hollywood, in 2006, Disney limited Touchstones output to 2 or 3 films in favor of Walt Disney Pictures titles due to an increase in film industry costs. Two Touchstone co-productions flopped at the box office minimized by its co-producers financial contributions to the movies, Disney revived Touchstone in 2009 to serve as a distribution label for DreamWorks Studios films. DreamWorks was expected to allow Disney to release additional family fare that could be used at its parks and on its channels, Disney has been financing DreamWorks productions with an $90 million more available under its agreement if DreamWorks cannot get additional equity funding
13.
Stay Alive
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Stay Alive is a 2006 slasher film directed by William Brent Bell, who cowrote it with Matthew Peterman. It was produced by McG, co-produced by Hollywood Pictures and released on March 24,2006 in the US, in the U. S. the film was rated PG-13 for horror violence, disturbing images, language, and brief sexual and drug content. This was the first film in five years released by Hollywood Pictures, the film opens with a character in a video game entering an eerie mansion. He is followed throughout the mansion by a woman in a red dress, the man playing the game is Loomis Crowley, and the game is called Stay Alive. Loomis later wakes up to find his roommate and his roommates girlfriend slaughtered and he is then hanged from a chandelier and killed, similar to the way he died in the game. The next day at work, while talking with his boss, Miller, at the funeral, he meets a girl named Abigail. Afterward, Hutch goes to a cafe owned by his girlfriend, October. Hutch has received a bag of Loomis possessions, and while looking through it, although Hutch is reluctant, they decide to play as a group. Abigail and another friend, Swink join in, with Miller playing online from his office, the game is set in a derelict mansion on Garouge Plantation, but it wont start until the six players recite The Prayer of Elizabeth. Its a creepy request for all who resist to perish so that their blood might keep her young, the players create their characters and fight through a cemetery full of evil ghosts of children, heading toward a mausoleum and tower. Miller touches a rose and the game directs him to pick it, a student of the occult, October explains that undead spirits cannot move across wild roses. Miller goes down to the basement, but the door slams shut, upstairs, Abigail enters a secret passage in a wardrobe. In the room, she locates Elizabeths diary with the prayer inside of it, Hutch notices that all the mirrors in the game are broken. Meanwhile, in the basement, Miller finds a room full of undead girls. Scared, he throws down the rose which dispels the spirits, now out of roses, the woman in red can stab Millers unprotected character. The words Game Over cross the screen and the group decides to call it a night, minutes later, the woman in red appears in Millers office and kills him by stabbing him in the neck with conjoined scissor blades like the ones in the game. Two detectives, Thibodeaux and King, question Hutch who knew all the homicide victims, Hutch realizes that Loomis and Miller both played Stay Alive right before they died, and that they both died the same way their characters died in the game. Later, October researches Countess Elizabeth Bathory, the woman in red, Bathory would drain young women of blood, bathing in it to maintain her youth
14.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
15.
Earl of Warwick
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Earl of Warwick is a title that has been created four times in English history and is one of the most prestigious titles in the peerages of the United Kingdom. The first creation came in 1088, and was held by the Beaumont, the 14th Earl was created Duke of Warwick in 1445, a title which became extinct on his early death the following year. The best-known Earl of this creation was the 16th Earl, Richard Neville and this creation became extinct on the death of the 17th Earl in 1499. The title was revived in 1547 for the powerful statesman John Dudley, 1st Viscount Lisle, the earldom was passed on during his lifetime to his eldest son, John, but both father and son were attainted in 1554. The title was recreated or restored in 1561 in favour of Ambrose, however, Ambrose was childless and the earldom became extinct on his death in 1590. It was created for a time in 1618 for Robert Rich, 3rd Baron Rich. From 1673 the Earls also held the title Earl of Holland, all the titles became extinct on the death of the 8th Earl in 1759. The earldom was revived the same year in favour of Francis Greville, the Greville family were in possession of Warwick Castle and the title and castle were thereby re-united for the first time in over a century. The 1759 creation is extant and currently held by Guy Greville, however, Warwick Castle was sold by the family in 1978, and they currently live in Australia. The medieval earldom created in 1088 was held to be inheritable through a line of descent. It was traditionally associated with possession of Warwick Castle, the heraldic device of the Earls of Warwick, the bear and ragged staff, is believed to derive from two legendary Earls, Arthal and Morvidus. Arthal is to bear, while Morvidus was to have slain a giant with a young ash tree torn up by the roots. The first Earl of Warwick was Henry de Beaumont, younger son of Roger de Beaumont, Count of Meulan and brother to Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester. The family name of Beaumont was Latinised to de Bello Monte, Henry changed his name to de Newburgh, after the Castle de Neubourg, his home in Normandy. Henry became constable of Warwick castle in 1068 and Earl in 1088 as reward for his support for the king during the Rebellion of 1088, the title passed through several generations of the Beaumont family until Thomas, the 6th earl, died in 1242 without a male heir. The earldom then went to his sister Margaret and her husbands, when he died also without a male heir the title passed to his daughter Isabel and her husband William Beauchamp and thence her son William, who became 9th earl. During this period the earldom and the Beauchamps were elevated to the highest levels until Henry and this precedence was disputed however and with Henrys death in 1445, also without male heir, the dukedom was extinguished. After Richard Nevilles death the title was created for his son-in-law, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, husband of Nevilles eldest daughter Isabella Neville, on 25 March 1472
16.
Museum
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Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public, the goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public. There are many types of museums, including art museums, natural history museums, science museums, war museums, the city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to The World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries, the English museum comes from the Latin word, and is pluralized as museums. The first museum/library is considered to be the one of Plato in Athens, however, Pausanias gives another place called Museum, namely a small hill in Classical Athens opposite to the Akropolis. The hill was called Mouseion after Mousaious, a man who used to sing on the hill, the purpose of modern museums is to collect, preserve, interpret, and display items of artistic, cultural, or scientific significance for the education of the public. The purpose can also depend on ones point of view, to a family looking for entertainment on a Sunday afternoon, a trip to a local history museum or large city art museum could be a fun, and enlightening way to spend the day. To city leaders, a healthy museum community can be seen as a gauge of the health of a city. To a museum professional, a museum might be seen as a way to educate the public about the museums mission, Museums are, above all, storehouses of knowledge. In 1829, James Smithsons bequest, that would fund the Smithsonian Institution, stated he wanted to establish an institution for the increase, Museums of natural history in the late 19th century exemplified the Victorian desire for consumption and for order. Gathering all examples of classification of a field of knowledge for research. As American colleges grew in the 19th century, they developed their own natural history collections for the use of their students, while many large museums, such as the Smithsonian Institution, are still respected as research centers, research is no longer a main purpose of most museums. While there is a debate about the purposes of interpretation of a museums collection, there has been a consistent mission to protect. Much care, expertise, and expense is invested in efforts to retard decomposition in aging documents, artifacts, artworks. All museums display objects that are important to a culture, as historian Steven Conn writes, To see the thing itself, with ones own eyes and in a public place, surrounded by other people having some version of the same experience can be enchanting. Museum purposes vary from institution to institution, some favor education over conservation, or vice versa. For example, in the 1970s, the Canada Science and Technology Museum favored education over preservation of their objects and they displayed objects as well as their functions. One exhibit featured a printing press that a staff member used for visitors to create museum memorabilia
17.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
18.
Yachting
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Yachting refers to the use of recreational boats and ships called yachts for sporting purposes. Yachts are different from working ships mainly by their leisure purpose, both terms originate from the Dutch word jacht. With sailboats, it is called sailing, and with motorboats, the invention of sailing is prehistoric, but the racing of sailing boats is believed to have started in the Netherlands some time in the 17th century. Soon, in England, custom-built racing yachts began to emerge, in 1851, the Royal Yacht Squadron in Cowes challenged the American yacht America. The race took place in the Solent, the America won the race and took the trophy, the Americas Cup, back to the US where, held by the New York Yacht Club, it remained until 1983. The cup was then lost to the Royal Perth Yacht Club of Australia, meanwhile, yacht racing continued to evolve, with the development of recognised classes of racing yachts, from small dinghies up to huge maxi yachts. Smaller boats are not generally referred to as yachts, although all recreational boats are yachts, most yachting is conducted in salt water, but smaller craft can be raced on lakes and even large rivers. Dinghy races are conducted on sheltered water on smaller craft with crews of one and three people. The common arrangement for racing boats is the sloop, a boat with one mast, most races are conducted between vessels of identical design. In these races, with identical equipment the sailors best able to use of the ambient conditions win. Dinghy designs vary from small, stable, and slow craft for novice sailors to lightweight, australias 18-foot skiff class are the fastest monohull dinghies, reaching speeds of up to 40 kilometres per hour even in relatively light winds. Sailing has a reputation for being a spectator sport, but skiff racing can be very exciting. Various multi-hull racing classes are even faster, various one-design dinghy classes are raced at the Summer Olympic Games. Larger yachts are raced on harbours, but the most prestigious yacht races are point-to-point long distance races on the open ocean. Bad weather makes even finishing such races a considerable test of equipment and willpower, specialized yachts, such as hydrofoils, hovercrafts, or personal watercrafts also engage in competitions involving test of equipment and skill. All such events are part of the world of yachting. Common commercial uses of watercraft, which would not be referred to as yachting, include fishing, shipping, operation of ferries. Cruising involves traveling on a boat, whether across a bay, safe cruising across long distances requires a degree of self-sufficiency and a wide range of skills beyond handling the boat
19.
Norm (social)
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From a sociological perspective, social norms are informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society. Social psychology recognizes smaller group units, such as a team or an office, in other words, norms are regarded as collective representations of acceptable group conduct as well as individual perceptions of particular group conduct. They can be viewed as products which represent individuals basic knowledge of what others do. Furthermore, in the field of psychology, the roles of norms are emphasized which can guide behavior in a certain situation or environment as mental representations of appropriate behavior. For example, it has shown that normative messages can promote pro-social behavior, including decreasing alcohol use and increasing voter turnout. According to the definition of social norms behavioral component, norms have two dimensions, how much a behaviour is exhibited, and how much the group approves of that behavior. At the same time, norms also can be changed contingent on the behavior of others. In fact, in Sherif, one confederate was able to affect the development of a group related to the autokinetic effect. Norms running counter to the behaviors of the society or culture may be transmitted and maintained within small subgroups of society. For example, Crandall noted that groups have a rate of bulimia, a publicly recognized life-threatening disease. Social norms have a way of maintaining order and organizing groups, although not considered to be formal laws within society, norms still work to promote a great deal of social control. They are statements that regulate conduct, the cultural phenomenon that is the norm is the prescriber of acceptable behavior in specific instances. Without them, there would be a world without consensus, common ground, even though the law and a states legislation is not intended to control social norms, society and the law are inherently linked and one dictates the other. This is why it has said that the language used in some legislation is controlling and dictating for what should or should not be accepted. For example, the criminalisation of sexual relations is said to protect those that are vulnerable. The language surrounding these laws conveys the message that such acts are supposedly immoral and should be condemned, norms in every culture create conformity that allows for people to become socialized to the culture in which they live. As social beings, individuals learn when and where it is appropriate to say things, to use certain words, to discuss certain topics or wear certain clothes. Thus, knowledge about cultural norms is important for impressions, which is a regulation of their nonverbal behavior
20.
Gardener
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A gardener is someone who practices gardening, either professionally or as a hobby. The garden designer is someone who will design the garden, the term gardener is also used to describe garden designers and landscape gardeners, who are involved chiefly in the design of gardens, rather than the practical aspects of horticulture. Garden design is considered to be an art in most cultures, distinguished from gardening, vita Sackville-West, Gertrude Jekyll and William Robinson were garden designers as well as gardeners. Garden design is the creation of a plan for the construction of a garden, the design can include different themes such as perennial, butterfly, wildlife, Japanese, water, tropical, or shade gardens. In 18th-century japan, country estates were refashioned by landscape gardeners into formal gardens or landscaped park lands, such as at Versailles, France, or Stowe, Professional landscape designers are certified by the Association of Professional Landscape Designers. The designer also provides directions and supervision during construction, and the management of establishment, the gardener is the person who has the skill to maintain the gardens design. Weeds tend to thrive at the expense of the more refined edible or ornamental plants, gardeners need to control weeds using physical or chemical methods to stop weeds from reaching a mature stage of growth when they could be harmful to domesticated plants. Early activities, such as starting young plants from seeds for later transplantation, are performed in early spring
21.
Las Vegas Valley
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The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area located in the southern part of the U. S. state of Nevada. The largest urban agglomeration in the state, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, the Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a 600 sq mi basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area. The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada, Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas, six unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada. Since the 1990s the Las Vegas Valley has seen exponential growth, in 2014, a record breaking 41 million visited the Las Vegas area, producing a gross metropolitan product of more than $100 billion. The first reported non-Native American visitor to the Las Vegas Valley was the Mexican scout Rafael Rivera in 1829. Las Vegas was named by Mexicans in the Antonio Armijo party, including Rivera, in the 19th century, areas of the valley contained artesian wells that supported extensive green areas, or meadows, hence the name Las Vegas. The area was settled by Mormon farmers in 1854 and later became the site of a United States Army fort in 1864. Since the 1930s, Las Vegas has generally been identified as a center as well as a resort destination. Nellis Air Force Base is located in the northeast corner of the valley, the ranges that the Nellis pilots use and various other land areas used by various federal agencies, limit growth of the valley in terms of geographic area. Businessman Howard Hughes arrived in the late 1960s and purchased many casino hotels, as well as television, legitimate corporations began to purchase casino hotels as well, and the mob was run out by the federal government over the next several years. The constant stream of tourist dollars from the hotels and casinos was augmented by a new source of money from the establishment of what is now Nellis Air Force Base. The influx of personnel and casino job-hunters helped start a land building boom which is now leveling off. The Las Vegas area remains one of the top entertainment destinations. The valley is contained in the Las Vegas Valley landform and this includes the cities of Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, and Henderson, and the unincorporated towns of Paradise, Spring Valley, Sunrise Manor, Enterprise, Winchester, and Whitney. The valley is located within the larger metropolitan area, as the metropolitan area covers all of Clark County -including parts that do not fall within the valley. The government of Clark County has an Urban Planning Area of Las Vegas and this definition is a roughly rectangular area, about 20 mi from east to west and 30 miles from north to south. Notable exclusions from the Urban Planning Area include Red Rock, Blue Diamond, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department is the largest police department in the valley and the state and exercises jurisdiction in the entire county. The department does not exercise jurisdiction in areas with separate police forces such as North Las Vegas, Henderson, Boulder City, Nellis Air Force Base
22.
George Plimpton
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George Ames Plimpton was an American journalist, writer, literary editor, actor and occasional amateur sportsman. He is widely known for his sports writing and for helping to found The Paris Review, during the summers, he lived in the hamlet of West Hills, Huntington, Suffolk County on Long Island. He was the son of Francis T. P, Plimpton, and the grandson of Frances Taylor Pearsons and George Arthur Plimpton. His grandfather was the founder of the Ginn publishing company and a philanthropist and his father was a successful corporate lawyer and partner of the law firm Debevoise and Plimpton. He was appointed by President John F. Kennedy as U. S. deputy ambassador to the United Nations serving from 1961 to 1965 and his mother was Pauline Ames, the daughter of botanist Oakes Ames and artist Blanche Ames. George had three siblings, Francis Taylor Pearsons Plimpton Jr. Oakes Ames Plimpton, and Sarah Gay Plimpton. Plimpton attended St. Bernards School, Phillips Exeter Academy, and Daytona Beach Mainland High School and he wrote for the Harvard Lampoon, was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club, Pi Eta, the Signet Society, and the Porcellian Club. Plimpton entered Harvard as a member of the Class of 1948 and he was also an accomplished birdwatcher. Plimptons studies were interrupted by military service lasting from 1945 to 1948, after graduating from Harvard, he attended Kings College at Cambridge University in England. He studied there from 1950 to 1952 and graduated with third class honors, in 1953, Plimpton joined the influential literary journal The Paris Review, founded by Peter Matthiessen, Thomas H. Guinzburg, and Harold L. Humes, becoming its first editor in chief. This periodical carries great weight in the world, but has never been financially strong, for its first half-century, it was allegedly largely financed by its publishers. Peter Matthiessen took the magazine over from Harold Humes and ousted him as editor, replacing him with Plimpton, Plimpton was associated with the literary magazine in Paris, Merlin, which folded because the State Department withdrew its support. Future Poet Laureate Donald Hall, who had met Plimpton at Exeter, was Poetry Editor, outside the literary world, Plimpton was famous for competing in professional sporting events and then recording the experience from the point of view of an amateur. In 1958, prior to an exhibition game at Yankee Stadium between teams managed by Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle, Plimpton pitched against the National League. His experience was captured in the book Out of My League, Plimpton sparred for three rounds with boxing greats Archie Moore and Sugar Ray Robinson, while on assignment for Sports Illustrated. In 1963, Plimpton attended preseason training with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League as a backup quarterback and these events were recalled in his best-known book Paper Lion, which was later adapted into a feature film starring Alan Alda, released in 1968. Plimpton revisited pro football in 1971, this time joining the Baltimore Colts and seeing action in a game against his previous team. Another sports book, Open Net, saw him train as an ice hockey goalie with the Boston Bruins, Plimptons classic The Bogey Man chronicles his attempt to play professional golf on the PGA Tour during the Nicklaus and Palmer era of the 1960s
23.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
24.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
25.
Flixster
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Flixster is an American social movie site for discovering new movies, learning about movies, and meeting others with similar tastes in movies. The site allows users to view movie trailers as well as learn about the new, the site is based in San Francisco, California and was founded by Joe Greenstein and Saran Chari in 2007. Flixster has been the parent of website Rotten Tomatoes since January 2010, Flixster, including Rotten Tomatoes, was acquired by Fandango on February 17,2016. In February 2016, Fandango acquired Flixster, Fandango began migrating Flixster Video users to its competing service called FandangoNow and will close the Flixster Video service. Between November 2006 and January 2007, the number of page views by Alexa Toolbar users rose from fewer than 20 million per day to around 50 million per day. Alexa no longer provides numbers of page views, but the number of page views as a percentage decreased by almost two thirds from mid-December 2007 to mid-June 2008. Quantcast reports that the number of daily page views for Flixster. com peaked at 8,331,961 on January 23,2008. Flixsters Facebook application, called Movies, has consistently been one of the most popular apps on the site, daily user totals peaked in December 2007. Flixster Collections, an application featuring a content discovery and management system. This was a trend among Facebook applications, attributed to what has been described as app fatigue. Facebook no longer displays daily active use, but instead monthly active use, co-Founder Joe Greenstein has described the difference between Flixster and other sites as, We make it easy to invite your friends. Other sites dont provide good ways for people to spread the word, as a consequence of its policy of emailing users entire address books with advertisements for the site, the website has been criticized on numerous Internet blogs. At one time email from Flixster to Hotmail users was being filtered and deleted as spam, around August 2012, the Flixster website stopped allowing public access. Viewers must log in using an account or Facebook. Recently, Flixster has begun allowing users to watch movies on different platforms via UltraViolet. Bebo, Facebook, MySpace, Orkut Flixster has developed applications for social networking sites. These apps have many of the features as the main Flixster site, such as ratings, reviews. Furthermore, all offered social media integration and mobile app is offered free-of-charge, the first of these applications was released in June 2007 on the Facebook platform
26.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
27.
AllMovie
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AllMovie is an online guide service website with information about films, television programs, and screen actors. As of 2013, AllMovie. com and the AllMovie consumer brand are owned by All Media Network, AllMovie was founded by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine, who also founded AllMusic and AllGame. The AllMovie database was licensed to tens of thousands of distributors and retailers for point-of-sale systems, websites, the AllMovie database is comprehensive, including basic product information, cast and production credits, plot synopsis, professional reviews, biographies, relational links and more. AllMovie data was accessed on the web at the AllMovie. com website and it was also available via the AMG LASSO media recognition service, which can automatically recognize DVDs. In late 2007, Macrovision acquired AMG for a reported $72 million, the AMG consumer facing web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in August 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. The buyers also include the founders of SideReel and Ackrell Capital investor Mike Ackrell. All Media Network offices are located in San Francisco, California, AllMusic AllGame SideReel All Media Network Official website
28.
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic, algorithmic way, founded in 1999. In 2008, Box Office Mojo was bought by the Internet Movie Database, the website is widely used within the film industry as a source of data. From 2002–11, Box Office Mojo had forums popular with film fans, on October 10,2014, the websites URL was redirected to Amazons IMDB. com website for one day, but the website returned the following day without explanation. Brandon Gray began the site in 1999, in 2002, Gray partnered with Sean Saulsbury and grew the site to nearly two million readers. In July 2008, the company was purchased by Amazon. com through its subsidiary, Box Office Mojo had forums with more than 16,500 registered users. On November 2,2011 the forums were closed along with any user accounts. Tracking is still very closely to the day by day, actual tabulation of distributors. The site also creates an overall chart, combining all box office returns from around the world, excluding the United States. The overall weekend chart currently tracks the Top 40 films as well as approximately fifty additional films with no ranking, the site additionally has yearly and all time features for its various territories. Box Office Mojo was as of June 2009 reporting limited data from overseas and is work on improvements, most of the international charts have not been updated since November 2014. On October 10,2014, all traffic to Box Office Mojo was redirected to IMDbs box office page, queries about the closure to IMDb and Amazon representatives were met with no response. Neither Brandon Gray, who founded the website but left several years ago after its sale to Amazon, nor Ray Subers, on Ray Subers Twitter account, he revealed the websites return, but also stated he would not answer any questions pertaining to closure. Subers subsequently left the website seven months later
29.
The Visitors II: The Corridors of Time
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Les visiteurs 2, Les couloirs du temps (French pronunciation, is a sequel to the original French film, Les Visiteurs. Les Visiteurs II sold more than eight million tickets in France, at his wedding, Godefroy de Montmirail is interrupted by the news that his brides father, Duke Fulbert, is gravely ill. Consulting the wizard Eusebius, Godefory finds out that the corridors of time are somehow being held open, Godefroy is determined to find how this has happened and who is responsible. Back in present day, Jaquouille and Ginete rob a supermarket, Jean-Pierre, the dentist who is married to Beatrice, has many patients who Jacquouille scares away, so Beatrice decides to let him watch TV. He believes it is a work of Satan, and destroys it, in the meantime, Jacquart is being tortured by the Inquisition by water cure. The inquisition shoves a funnel in his mouth and turns on a water pipe, jacquarts belly begins rapidly growing to the point where his belly button pops out. He admits that Godefroy burnt his Range Rover, but the Inquisition believes that it was a person, Range Robert, in the future, Beatrice gives Jacquouille and Ginette the potion, and Jean-Pierre accidentally drinks one glass. She says the spell, and Jean-Pierre and Jacquouille fall in to the year 1123, Montmirail is being invaded, and he and Jacquouille fight the invaders. Godefroy is riding by, and he saves Jacquouille, but he sees that Jacquouille is wearing a ruby ring. Realising that Jacquouille stole the Dukes treasure and that the items are in the future keeping the corridors of time open, they return, along with Jean-Pierre. Jean-Pierre ends up in the forest, the others under the castle and they escape and terrorize the hotel, except for Jacquart who is urinating everywhere due to the water torture he underwent. Jaquouille and Godefory go to Ginette, who tried to turn in the rubies for money, cousin Huberts ex-wife, Cora has the jewels, she tells them. They go to Coras house, and take the jewels, in the morning, they go to Montmirail where a wedding is taking place. They create havoc at the wedding, by pouring ice cream into a womans cleavage and they take the potion, and say the spell, however, the potion has again been made wrongly, and they end up in 18th century France, during the French Revolution. Jacquouille sees his descendant, Jacqouillet, as an adviser to Napoleon Bonaparte, the film was released to generally poor reception. Some factors contributing to the disappointment of the French audience include the fact some of the actors had been changed
30.
Sixteen Candles
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Sixteen Candles is a 1984 American coming of age comedy film starring Molly Ringwald, Michael Schoeffling, and Anthony Michael Hall. It was written and directed by John Hughes and she is also plagued by infatuation with a popular and attractive senior, Jake Ryan. Sam panics because the quiz contains sensitive information, such as she is a virgin and is saving herself for Jake and she has a whole new set of problems when she arrives home to discover all four of her grandparents are staying at the Baker home during the wedding. One set of grandparents has brought along a bizarre foreign exchange student and they are found slow dancing in the gym. A subplot involves a geeky freshman who tries to win a bet with his friends by trying to bed his love interest. The character is referred to on several occasions in the film as either Ted or Farmer Ted, on the way home on the school bus, Sam blows him off by saying, Go to hell. In the school auto shop during the dance, Sam and Ted begin talking, upon hearing this, Ted tells her that Jake had been asking about her at the dance, and they agree that Sam should just go and talk to him. As shes leaving, Ted reveals the wager to Sam, who agrees to him her panties to help him win. Later, Ted and his equally geeky friends, Cliff and Bryce, go to the senior dance after-party. When they knock on the door, Long Duk Dong, who has come to the party with Marlene, Ted and his gang get in but they make a big mistake by knocking over the jocks beer can pyramid. Ted and Bryce leave it up to Cliff to deal with the jocks, meanwhile, upstairs in Jakes bedroom, Jake takes the opportunity to look through the yearbook and finds Sams photo. He jots down her phone-number on a scrap of paper and calls her, Jakes entire house is completely trashed. At nights end, Jake finds Ted trapped under a table, Jake inquires further about Sam, and Ted explains the situation. Jake makes a deal with Ted, If Ted lets Jake keep Sams panties, Jake will allow Ted to drive home his drunk popular girlfriend, Caroline Mulford, Jake later uses the excuse of finding them together to break up with Caroline. Teds friends filmed Ted and Caroline making out, afterward, Jake drives to the church just in time to meet an incredulous Sam after her sisters wedding. The film concludes with Sam and Jake sharing a kiss over a cake with 16 candles. John Hughes had asked his agent for headshots of young actresses, and among those he received were those of Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy. Sheedy had auditioned for the role of Sam, but was dropped because of Hughes thinking Ringwald was more fitting for the role, but he called her a year later to give her a role in The Breakfast Club
31.
The Breakfast Club
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The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7,1985. Universal Pictures released the film in cinemas in the United States on February 15,1985 and it received critical acclaim and earned $51.5 million on a $1 million budget. Critics consider it one of the greatest high school films of all time, the media referred to the films five main actors as members of a group called the Brat Pack. The title comes from the nickname invented by students and staff for morning detention at New Trier High School, thus, those who were sent to detention before school starting time were designated members of The Breakfast Club. In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, the film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015. On Saturday, March 24,1984, five students report at 7,00 a. m. for all-day detention at Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois. They gather in the school library, where assistant principal Richard Vernon instructs them not to speak, move from their seats. He assigns them a 1, 000-word essay, in which each must describe who you think you are and he then leaves, returning only occasionally to check on them. Bender, who has an antagonistic relationship with Vernon, ignores the rules and frequently riles up the other students, teasing Brian and Andrew. Allison is initially quiet, except for an occasional random outburst, over the course of the day, Vernon gives Bender several weekends worth of additional detention and even locks him in a storage closet, but he escapes and returns to the library. The students pass the hours by talking, arguing, and, at one point, the students realize that, even with their differences, they face similar pressures and complications in their lives. Despite their differences in status, the group begins to form friendships as the day progresses. Claire gives Allison a makeover, to reveal just how pretty she really is, Claire decides to break her pristine virgin appearance by kissing Bender in the closet and giving him a hickey. Although they suspect that the relationships will end with the end of their detention, as the detention nears its end, the group requests that Brian complete the essay for everyone and John returns to the storage closet to fool Vernon into thinking he has not left. Brian writes the essay and leaves it in the library for Vernon to read after they leave, as the students part ways outside the school, Allison and Andrew kiss, as do Claire and Bender. Allison rips Andrews state champion patch from his jacket to keep, and Claire gives Bender one of her diamond earrings. Vernon reads the essay, in which Brian states that Vernon has already judged who they are, using simple definitions and stereotypes. One by one, the five students voices add, But what we found out is that one of us is a brain, and an athlete, and a basket case, a princess
32.
Weird Science (film)
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Weird Science is a 1985 American teen comic science fiction film written and directed by John Hughes and starring Anthony Michael Hall, Ilan Mitchell-Smith, and Kelly Le Brock. The title song was written and performed by American new wave band Oingo Boingo, as of 2013, a remake of Weird Science was in development at Universal Studios, with Joel Silver returning as producer and Michael Bacall attached as screenwriter. Nerdy social outcasts Gary Wallace and Wyatt Donnelly are publicly humiliated by Ian and Max for swooning over their girlfriends Deb and Hilly. Dejected and disappointed at their direction in life and wanting more, Gary convinces the uptight Wyatt that they need a boost of popularity in order to get their crushes away from Ian and Max. After hooking electrodes to a doll and hacking into a government computer system for power, a power surge creates Lisa. Promptly, she conjures up a Cadillac convertible to take the boys out to a bar, using her powers to manipulate people into believing Gary, the boys come up with the name Lisa based upon a failed romantic experience of Gary. They return home drunk and happen upon Chet, Wyatts mean older brother, Lisa agrees to keep herself hidden from him, but realizes that Gary and Wyatt, while extremely sweet are very uptight and need to unwind. Despite Wyatts protests, Lisa insists that the party happen anyway in order to loosen the boys up and she goes to meet Garys parents, Al and Lucy, who, to Garys embarrassment, are shocked and dismayed at the things she says and her frank manner. After she pulls a gun on them, she alters their memories so that Lucy forgets about the conflict, however, meanwhile, Wyatts grandparents arrive and confront Lisa about the party, but she freezes them and hides them in a cupboard. Upstairs in Wyatts bedroom, Ian and Max convince Gary and Wyatt to recreate the events that created Lisa, Lisa resolves that the boys need a challenge to boost their confidence and has a gang of mutant bikers invade the party, causing chaos and sending the boys running. The bikers take Deb and Hilly hostage, and Wyatt and Gary decide they need to save them and they confront the bikers with a new boost of confidence to force them to back down. After they leave peacefully, Gary accidentally fires the gun, which is now real, Lisa tells the boys to escort the girls home while she talks to Chet alone. Returning home, they discover Chet, now transformed into a giant, talking turd, Lisa assures them that Chet will return to normal, and realizing that her work is done and that they dont need her anymore, she kisses both Gary and Wyatt before dematerializing and vanishing. Sometime later at their school, a gym class of sweaty. It is revealed to be Lisa who tells the class to Drop and give me twenty, causing all the boys in the class to faint and she turns to the camera and smiles knowingly. The film is now regarded as a cult classic, the film was successful at the box office with a gross of $23,834,048 in North America and $15,100,000 in other territories, totaling $38,934,048 worldwide. The films theme song, Weird Science, was performed by Oingo Boingo, following the same basic plot as the film, the series starred Vanessa Angel as Lisa, Michael Manasseri as Wyatt, John Mallory Asher as Gary, and Lee Tergesen as Chet. As of 2013, Universal Studios was planning to make a Weird Science remake with original producer Joel Silver returning to produce the film and with screenwriter Michael Bacall writing the film
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