1.
Provo, Utah
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Provo /ˈproʊvoʊ/ is the third-largest city in the U. S. state of Utah, located 43 miles south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front. Provo is the largest city and county seat of Utah County and it lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2010 census of 112,488, Provo is the city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area. It is the third-largest metropolitan area in Utah after Salt Lake City, the city is the location of Brigham Young University, a private higher education institution, which is operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Provo also has the largest Missionary Training Center for the LDS Church, the city is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion dollar startups operating in Provo. Provo was the city in the United States to work with Google Fiber. The citys Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002, Sundance Resort is located 13 miles northeast at Provo Canyon. In 2015, Provo was cited among the Best Small And Medium-Size Cities For Jobs, and Utah County, in 2013, Forbes ranked Provo the No.2 city on its list of Best Places for Business and Careers. Provo was ranked first for community optimism, first for volunteerism and its metropolitan area was projected to have the greatest population increase in the 2010 United States Census. The area was originally called Timpanogots and was inhabited by the Timpanogos and it was the largest and most settled area in modern-day Utah. The ample food from the Provo River made the Timpanogos a peaceful people, the area also served as the traditional meeting place for the Ute and Shoshone tribes and as a spot to worship their creator. Father Silvestre Velez de Escalante, a Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer, is considered the first European explorer to have visited the area and he was guided by two Timpanogos Utes, whom he called Silvestre and Joaquin. Escalante chronicled this first European exploration across the Great Basin desert, the Europeans did not build a permanent settlement, but traded with the Timpanogos whom they called Lagunas or Come Pescado. In 1847, the Mormon Pioneers arrived in the Salt Lake Valley, at first, they were friendly with the Mormons. But, as relations deteriorated with the Shoshoni and Utes because of land claims and stealing of livestock by the Indians, tensions rose. Because of the stolen goods of settlers by the Utes, Brigham Young gave a small militia orders to take such measures as would put a final end to their depredations in future. ”This ended in what is known as the Battle Creek Massacre, in modern-day Pleasant Grove. The Mormons continued pushing into Timpanog lands, in 1849,33 Mormon families from Salt Lake City established Fort Utah. In 1850, Brigham Young sent an army from Salt Lake to drive out the Timpanogos in what is called the Provo War, the ruthlessness of the Mormon invaders angered the Timpanog, which contributed to the Walker War and Black Hawk War
2.
Wasatch Front
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The Wasatch Front /ˈwɑːsætʃ/ is a metropolitan region in the north-central part of the U. S. state of Utah. It consists of a chain of cities and towns stretched along the Wasatch Range from approximately Nephi in the south to Brigham City in the north. Roughly 80% of Utahs population resides in this region, which contains the cities of Salt Lake City, Provo, West Valley City, West Jordan, Layton. The Wasatch Front is long and narrow, to the east, the Wasatch Mountains rise abruptly several thousand feet above the valley floors, climbing to their highest elevation of 11,928 feet at Mount Nebo. The combined population of the five Wasatch Front counties totals 2,125,322, according to the 2008 Census Estimate. Though most residents of the area live between Ogden and Provo, which includes Salt Lake proper, the fullest built-out extent of the Wasatch Front is 120 miles long and an average of 5 miles wide. Along its length, the Wasatch Front never exceeds a width of approximately 18 miles because of the barriers of lakes. Several downtown and commercial districts encompass the Wasatch Front, the largest is Salt Lake City at the middle of the urban area. Utah Valley and the Ogden-Clearfield region are the major population centers. Nearly all of the cities within the region are connected by suburban development. The First Transcontinental Railroad was constructed between 1863 and 1869, the tracks reaching Ogden on March 27,1869. Trains heading east from Ogden must negotiate the highest reaches of eastern Utah, travelling through Weber and Echo Canyons and over the Wasatch Pass at an elevation of 6,792 feet. The primary modes of transport for the area are Interstate 15 and U. S. Route 89, other interstates and highways provide transportation routes to local areas within the front. S. Route 189 through Provo, and U. S. Route 6 in southern Utah County, the Utah Transit Authority provides bus and light rail service to most of the urban areas within the front. Other portions of Legacy Parkway and the Mountain View Corridor are planned or under construction to accommodate traffic between Ogden and Provo. The California Zephyr of Amtrak is the rail transport leading in and out of the Front, having a station in Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City International Airport serves as the airport for the region. Because of the barriers to the east and west, much of the land along the Wasatch Front has been developed
3.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
4.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
5.
Hertz
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The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in SI multiples kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, kilo means thousand, mega meaning million, giga meaning billion and tera for trillion. Some of the units most common uses are in the description of waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio-. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers, the hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i. e. 1/second or s −1. In English, hertz is also used as the plural form, as an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed, commonly used multiples are kHz, MHz, GHz and THz. One hertz simply means one cycle per second,100 Hz means one hundred cycles per second, and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, the rate of aperiodic or stochastic events occur is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second in general or, the specific case of radioactive decay, becquerels. Whereas 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second,1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second, the conversion between a frequency f measured in hertz and an angular velocity ω measured in radians per second is ω =2 π f and f = ω2 π. This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase. — Based on The International System of Units, the hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism. The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1930, the term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the 1970s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc. Mc. etc. units, sound is a traveling longitudinal wave which is an oscillation of pressure. Humans perceive frequency of waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz
6.
Effective radiated power
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Effective radiated power, synonymous with equivalent radiated power, is an IEEE standardized definition of directional radio frequency power transmitted from a theoretical half-wave dipole antenna. It is differentiated from effective isotropic radiated power mainly by use of antenna gain instead of absolute gain in the calculation. The term antenna gain is assumed to be absolute unless specifically stated to be relative, the gain is then multiplied by the power actually accepted by the antenna to result in the actual ERP value. Power losses which occur prior to the antenna, e. g. in the line or from inefficiency in the generator itself are therefore not included in the calculation of ERP or EIRP. Antenna gain is closely related to directivity and often used interchangeably. However, gain is less than directivity by a factor called radiation efficiency. Whereas directivity is entirely a function of wavelength and the geometry and type of antenna, specifically, accelerating charge causes electromagnetic radiation per Maxwells equations. Therefore, antennas use a current distribution on radiating elements to generate electromagnetic energy that propagates away from the antenna and this coupling is never 100% efficient, and therefore antenna gain will always be less than directivity by this efficiency factor. The receiver would not be able to determine a difference, maximum directivity of an ideal half-wave dipole is a constant, i. e.0 dBd =2.15 dBi. Therefore, ERP is always 2.15 dB less than EIRP, the ideal dipole antenna could be further replaced by an isotropic radiator, and the receiver cannot know the difference so long as the input power is increased by 2.15 dB. Unfortunately, the distinction between dBd and dBi is often left unstated and the reader is forced to infer which was used. For example, a Yagi-Uda antenna is constructed from several dipoles arranged at intervals to create better energy focusing than a simple dipole. Since it is constructed from dipoles, often its antenna gain is expressed in dBd, obviously this ambiguity is undesirable with respect to engineering specifications. A Yagi-Uda antennas maximum directivity is 8.77 dBd =10.92 dBi and its gain necessarily must be less than this by the factor η, which must be negative in units of dB. Neither ERP nor EIRP can be calculated without knowledge of the power accepted by the antenna, let us assume a 100 Watt transmitter with losses of 6 dB prior to the antenna. ERP <22. 77dBW and EIRP <24. 92dBW, polarization has not been taken into account so far, but properly it must be. When considering the dipole radiator previously we assumed that it was aligned with the receiver. Now assume, however, that the antenna is circularly polarized
7.
Height above average terrain
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Height above average terrain is a measure of how high an antenna site is above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television, as it is more important than effective radiated power in determining the range of broadcasts. Stations that want to increase above a certain HAAT must reduce their power accordingly, the entire radial graph could be rotated to achieve the best effect for the station. The altitude of the site, minus the average altitude of all the specified points, was the HAAT. This can create some unusual cases, particularly in mountainous regions—it is possible to have a number for HAAT. The FCC has divided the Contiguous United States into three zones for the determination of spacing between FM and TV stations using the same frequencies, FM and TV stations are assigned maximum ERP and HAAT values, depending on their assigned zones, to prevent co-channel interference. The FCC regulations for ERP and HAAT are listed under Title 47, Maximum HAAT,150 meters Maximum ERP,50 kW Minimum co-channel separation,241 km Maximum HAAT,600 meters Maximum ERP,100 kW Minimum co-channel separation,290 km. In addition, Zone I-A consists of all of California south of 40° north latitude, Puerto Rico, zones I and I-A have the most grandfathered overpowered stations, which are allowed the same extended coverage areas that they had before the zones were established. One of the most powerful of these stations is WBCT in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zone III consists of all of Florida and the areas of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas within approximately 241.4 kilometers of the Gulf of Mexico. Zone II is all the rest of the Continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii
8.
Lake Mountain (Utah)
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Lake Mountain is a stretch of mountains that lie west of Utah Lake in Utah County, Utah. The small range extends 7 miles from north to south, radio infrastructure on the range serves several radio and television needs for the cities of Provo, Orem, American Fork and almost all of Utah county. The highest point of the range is 7,645 feet above sea level and it is located approximately 11.9 miles west of Provo. Lake Mountain houses radio towers for radio stations serving the general area. KENZ94.9 FM, a contemporary station, broadcasts from Lake Mountain. KJMY, a hot adult contemporary radio station on 99.5 FM formerly had a translator known as K256AE. The translator is now used as a rebroadcast of KJMYs HD-2 stream through a loophole in FCC rules and it is known as Country 99.1. KVFX had a known as K284AI-FM. K284AI was on located 104.7 MHz, in order to make way for KNIV, the station signed off the air. One Religious radio translator also call the mountain home, k217CL, carries programming from KYCC, and is licensed to Provo. KUDE103.9 FM has a booster on the mountain, providing coverage to Utah County, multiple repeaters for amateur radio exist on Lake Mountain. A list is Amateur radio repeaters on Lake Mountain included below, numerous high and low power television stations call Lake Mountain their home. KUPXs, former analog broadcast on channel 16 from a tower on the mountain, KUPX is owned by Paxson Salt Lake City License Inc and carries programming from the Ion Television. Its tower was located on the flank of the mountain. KUPX now broadcasts its digital signal on channel 29 from Farnsworth Peak. K22IT, another station on the mountain, carried programming from KTMW in Salt Lake City. It remained in analog, and had no application to transmit in digital and its license has since been deleted. KUTH, Salt Lake Citys Univision affiliate, broadcasts its digital broadcast from Lake Mountain on channel 32, K43JV, a lower power television translator, carries programming from 3ABN
9.
Cumulus Media
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Cumulus Media, Inc. is an American broadcasting company and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States. Cumulus owned 570 stations in 150 markets as of September 16,2011, the company also owns Westwood One. Cumuluss headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, owns radio stations outside the United States and operates a subsidiary, Clear Channel Outdoor. The company was started in August 1998 by radio consultant Lewis Dickey Jr. and media, the Telecommunications Act of 1996, among other things removed restrictions on the number of radio stations a single owner could control in a market and overall. Dickey, then a known radio programming consultant, was acting as a consultant to a small radio group in which Weening had a personal investment. Dickey and Weening joined forces around Dickeys idea to acquire and operate stations in mid-size markets where giant Clear Channel was not focusing. Dickey was the expert and Weening was the corporate finance. Weening had successful experience as a start-up CEO in book and magazine publishing, online services and he was then CEO of QUAESTUS & Co. Inc. a private equity firm specializing in media and technology start-ups. A student of classics, Weening came up with the name Cumulus which means accumulation in Latin and best described Dickey, QUAESTUS provided the seed capital to make the first station acquisitions as a model for the Cumulus strategy. Full scale operations started on May 22,1997, Weening assumed the role of Executive Chairman focusing on acquisitions deal structuring, corporate finance and internet from headquarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Dickey selected stations to buy and oversaw radio programming, operations, Dickey brought in highly regarded radio operator William Bungeroth to serve as President of Cumulus broadcasting from new offices in Chicagos Hancock Center. Bungeroth had a reputation as a sales leader. He would oversee market level tactical execution including the integration of newly acquired stations into market operating units, John Dickey, Lews brother and himself an experienced programming consultant would oversee station content. SWIBs investment was followed by another $50 million from Wisconsin-based Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Financial backing secured, Dickey and Weening set out to radio stations working hard to stay as much under the radar as possible not wishing to attract notice or competition. In the first 12 months Cumulus acquired over 100 stations in 31 markets, almost as soon as the acquisition spree started it was clear the Company would require more than a billion dollars for acquisitions in its sights and plans were laid for a public offering. At the time, newspaper display and classified advertising claimed the largest share of advertising dollars. By offering a range of audiences like newspapers, Cumulus could gain more share of the local advertising dollar than the individual stations could garner on their own
10.
KBEE
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KBEE, branded as B98.7, is a commercial FM radio station in Salt Lake City, Utah, broadcasting at 98.7 MHz. It is one of the oldest FM stations in the Western United States, the station is owned by Cumulus Media and it airs an adult contemporary radio format. KBEEs studios are located in South Salt Lake, the station is also broadcast on HD radio. In 1947, the station first signed on as KDYL-FM and it was the sister station to KDYL, one of the first AM radio stations in Utah, which went on the air in 1922. KDYL-FM mostly simulcast its AM counterpart through its early years, the owner, Sidney S. Fox, is considered a pioneer in Utah broadcasting history. Two years later, in 1949, he put Salt Lake Citys first TV station on the air, in 1953, Fox sold KDYL-AM-FM-TV to publisher Time-Life Corporation for $2.1 million. In 1959, the stations were purchased by Columbia Pictures and the station call letters were changed to KCPX. The two stations carried a Top 40 format that was popular in the Salt Lake City area. During this time, the stations competed heavily for listeners with crosstown rival 1280 KNAK, in 1967 the Federal Communications Commission required FM stations in medium to large cities to be programmed separately from their AM sister stations for most of the day. KCPX-FM switched to a rock format, while 1320 KCPX continued as a Top 40 station. In the 1980s, when AM1320 left the Top 40 format, KCPX-FM picked up its CHR sound, first known as HitRadio 99 KCPX, Columbia Pictures, which had just been acquired by The Coca-Cola Company, sold KCPX and KCPX-FM to Price Broadcasting in 1982. KCPX-FMs Top 40/CHR format would last until December 1992, when it flipped to hot adult contemporary as Variety 98.7, in May 1995, after Citadel Broadcasting bought the station, the station rebranded as B98.7 and adopted new KBEE call letters. The stations music focus has varied slightly over the past decade, however, in 2002, the station returned to its roots as an AC station as B98.7. In 2010, the station changed formats to adult top 40, in July 2011, KBEE was moved to the hot adult contemporary panel per Mediabase. Citadel merged with Cumulus Media on September 16,2011, by February 2012, the station reverted to adult contemporary per Mediabase reports. Even with the changes, Cumulus has always described the station as an AC. It is now listed on the Nielsen BDS AC chart. On July 3,2013, KBEE again moved to adult top 40, on March 6,2015, KBEE returned to adult contemporary
11.
KBER
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KBER is a radio station broadcasting a mainstream rock format. Licensed to Ogden, Utah, United States, the serves the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The station is owned by Cumulus Media. The stations studios are located in South Salt Lake (behind the I-15/I-80 interchange, prior to March 1986, KBER was known as KDAB, and was licensed to Ogden. It was known then as B101, KBER began on 106.5, but moved to its current position during the 1990s. It was purchased by Citadel Broadcasting during that time and it also morphed into 101 The Bear. The station employed a number of talent including Uncle Nasty. Uncle Nastys irreverent style translated into an instant following especially with Men 18-34, Uncle Nasty was on air 7pm to 12am, then moved to morning drive a year later. In 1998 the station reverted to the more familiar KBER101 slogan of its earlier years and is currently a top rated rock station in Salt Lake City Utah. By 2008, the sister station KHTB became a modern rock station. KBER gradually began to change its playlist to include classic rock songs. Later on, Mediabase & Nielsen BDS began reporting KBER on the rock panel. Citadel merged with Cumulus Media on September 16,2011, the station arrived as one of the leading FM radio stations in the market with on air personalities Street and Katherine, Tom Collins, Kevin Lewis, John Edwards and Mark Christiansen to name a few. The early to mid 90s were the days with Cory Porn Master Draper, Casey The Night Rocker Baird, Kevin Easy Eason. Those were the days of Mike Marbles wildly successful KBER-RAFTERS Showcase Concert Series, the Ron & Allen Morning Show was wildly popular and they even had their own television show called Rock Utah which aired on local channel 30. The show was every bit as wild as anything being done at the time in the largest markets, Darby hosted the midday show prior to Kelly Hammer taking over in 2008. Prior to Darby, the shift was hosted by Helen Powers. Mornings during the week on KBER previously featured the sydnicated Bob, the morning show is now handled by Victor Cade along with co-host Rebecca Cade
12.
KHTB
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KHTB is a Salt Lake City, Utah-based radio station. The stations studios are located in South Salt Lake and its site is located southwest of the city on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains. In 1995, KKAT licensed Young Country from Alliance Broadcasting and it was the first country station to intentionally go after young listeners. Also that year, Kid Cassidy of KWNR replaced Gary and Scotty in the mornings, evans, Gentleman Jim Mickleson, Bob Wells and Tracy Chapman, while Blair Garner did the overnight shift. KKAT took over the one position among five country stations from KSOP-FM. Gary and Scotty had been hired to replace Ken Simmons after Simmons arrest for lewd behavior, and the station, but hiring Cassidy and a strong promotional effort worked. By 1999,101.9 rebranded as just 101 and it would rebrand back to 101.9 KKAT in January 2004. KKAT would be replaced by KPQP, a Top 40 station branded as 101.9 Pop FM, KPQP would last until KENZs move to the frequency in September 2005. What is now KENZ first started as 107.5 The End at Midnight on January 1,1996 with R. E. M. s Its the End of the World as We Know It, and aired an adult album alternative format. Originally owned by The Slaymaker Group, the station was sold to Citadel Broadcasting in 1998, much of the original staff came from now cross town rival KXRK. Jimmy Chunga, a weekender and Producer of The Radio from Hell Show at X96 was hired to lead the morning show, Chunga first did the show solo, then was teamed up for a short time with a female co-host. He was joined by Marcus soon afterward, Andrea was hired away from X96 to work the midday shift. Biff Raff returned to the Salt Lake market after spending time in Austin, TX and Denver and he also did an afternoon on-air shift. Dom Casual was the stations first Music Director and afternoon drive jock, barb Thomas worked the night shift. Mister West left X96 as well and brought the Saturday Night Cold Case to the station, norm Church also left X96 to work on-air, as well as take over marketing responsibilities for the station. In 1999, Chunga and Marcus hosted a contest titled The Cruise of Dreams, shortly after the departure of Marcus, Mister West joined the morning show as Chungas partner. This was a reversal of sorts as Chunga had been Wests partner on the Saturday Night Cold Case. At the end of 2005, Citadel Broadcasting moved the station from the 107.5 MHz frequency to the stronger and farther reaching 101.9 MHz frequency, even though they were no longer at the end of the dial, they retained the name
13.
KRRF
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KADH is a radio station licensed to Murray, Utah, United States. It serves the Salt Lake City area, the station is owned by Cumulus Media. The station began as KMUR, founded by Oral J. Wilkinson, the station was first licensed by the FCC on February 2nd,1949. At that time it was a low-power,250 watt community station airing contemporary hits, during the 1960s, the power was increased to 1,000 watts daytime, the format switched to country western and the call letters were changed to KMOR. Its studios and transmitter were located at 4646 South State Street. The studios and transmitter were later relocated to a field west of I-15 near 4900 South but were torn down later to make way for an amusement park. The station went back on the air as KLAF on June 22,1983, on April 15,1986, the station changed its call sign to KOLC, airing contemporary hits again. On April 30,1986, the station changed again to KMGR, on November 1,2001, the station returned to air, with the KJQS calls. On January 19,2017 Cumulus Media filed an application with the FCC to transfer the license to Pentecostal Church of God, the application was granted on March 3,2017. On February 16,2017, with the approval of Cumulus Media, the application was accepted for filing on February 21,2017. As KMUR, the station aired mostly Top 40 hits, as KMOR, the station played contemporary country western type music. As KLAF, the became an all-comedy formatted station. When the station became KOLC, it reverted to the contemporary hits. As KMGR, the station played LDS music, similar to KSFI, in 1997, the station became KWUN, which carried a talk radio format. In 2001, the station settled at its current sports format, carrying programming from ESPN Radio until 2009 when KALL700 became the ESPN Radio affiliate, later it simulcast the sports talk format of sister station KFNZ1320 AM. On March 31,2015 KJQS went silent due to a failure, on March 23,2016 KRUZ returned to the air with sports. On November 30,2015 its calls were changed to KRUZ, on February 17,2017 KRUZ changed their call letters to KRRF. On March 24,2017 KRRF changed their call letters to KADH, currently, the station is operating at reduced power via a special temporary authority from the FCC, with a temporary tower located near the studios on Bearcat Drive
14.
KKAT (AM)
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KKAT is an AM radio station broadcasting a talk format. KKAT is licensed to Salt Lake City, Utah and is owned by Cumulus Media, the stations studios are located in South Salt Lake and its transmitter site is located in West Valley City. KKAT carries mostly nationally syndicated shows, largely from the co-owned Westwood One Network, hosts include Armstrong & Getty, Jonathan Brandmeier, Michael Savage, Mark Levin, John Batchelor and Andrea Tantaros with Red Eye Radio airing overnight and Bob Brinker heard on weekends. Westwood One News airs at the beginning of most hours, the station was first licensed on November 15,1955, with the call sign KWHO. The station aired a Classical music format, initially, KWHO operated during daytime hours only with 1000 watts of power. In July 1985, the station became KUTR, and it began airing an LDS Contemporary format, on June 21,1989, the stations callsign was changed to KLZX, and it began simulcasting the classic rock format of its sister station 93.3 KLZX-FM. On November 15,1990, the changed its call letters to KCNR. As KCNR, the station carried programming from CNN Headline News and was branded News Radio 860 AM, in 1992 KCNRs format and call sign moved to 1320 AM, and the station again simulcast its classic rock sister station 93.3 KLZX-FM Z-93. On August 11,1992, the station changed its call sign to KLZX. On September 6,1994, the station airing an all-news format from Associated Press Newsworld, and on January 23,1995. On August 20,1996, KCNRs news/talk format moved from 1320 to 860, on November 18,1996, the station became an affiliate of Radio Disney. On March 3,1999, the callsign was changed to KBEE. In 2003, Radio Disney moved to AM910, and on May 15,2003, while a classic country station, the station was branded The Coyote. On July 5,2004, the callsign was changed to KKAT. In October 2007, the station changed formats from country to oldies. While airing a format, the station was branded The Wolf. On October 5,2009, the changed to a talk format branded Utahs Big Talker. Query the FCCs AM station database for KKAT Radio-Locator Information on KKAT Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for KKAT FCC History Cards for KKAT
15.
KUBL-FM
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KUBL-FM is a radio station broadcasting a country format. Licensed to Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, it serves the Salt Lake City area, the stations studios are located in South Salt Lake and its transmitter site is located southwest of the city on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains. The station was known as KWHO-FM, which shared call signs with what is now KKAT. Prior to 1995, KUBL was also known as KLTQ-FM and then KLZX, in May 1995, KLZX became KUBL, switching from classic rock to the current country format. The station has since become Utahs New Country Leader K-BULL93, in addition to the main station, KUBL-FM is relayed by an additional translator to widen its broadcast area. Query the FCCs FM station database for KUBL Radio-Locator information on KUBL Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KUBL
16.
Webcast
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A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand, essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet. The largest webcasters include existing radio and TV stations, who simulcast their output through online TV or online radio streaming, Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific webcasting licenses to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material, Webcasting is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations, in e-learning, and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing, the ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online, often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular, Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on the Internet. Webcasting is the distribution of media files through the internet, pakman from Apple, they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22,1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City, Apple later webcast a concert by Metallica on June 10,1996 live from Slims in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history, on August 13,1998, it is generally believed the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan Knecht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website, the first teleconferenced/webcast wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31,1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, on November 4,1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7,1994, WXYC, the radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a wedcast is a webcast of a wedding. It allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in time on the Internet. Webcasting a funeral is also a service provided by funeral homes. Although it has been around for a decade, cheaper broadband, the strain of travel. International Webcasting Association Media clip Podcast Streaming media Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Video blog Web radio Webisode Webinar PR Newswire
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Radio station
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A radio station is a set of equipment necessary to carry on communication via radio waves. Generally, it is a receiver or transmitter, an antenna, Radio stations play a vital role in communication technology as they are heavily relied on to transfer data and information across the world. More broadly, the definition of a radio station includes the aforementioned equipment, such a station may include several radio stations defined above. This definition of a station is more often referred to as a transmitter site. Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily», transmitter - Takes the electrical output of a microphone and then modulates a higher-frequency carrier signal and transmits it as radio waves. Receiver - The broadcast message is received by the receiver and decodes the radio sine waves, antenna - An antenna is required for transmission, it is also required to receive radio waves. The main use of an antenna is to radio signals. Aerial feeder - system of feeding HF-Energy in the antenna Transmission lines - Transmission lines are used to transfer the radio signals from one location to another. For example, a line was used in Luftwaffe, Germany during WW II to send information from camps back to their base. Connectors Interface panel remote control – This is used to various different types of the equipment used in a radio station. To input broadcast data into a transmitter an interface panel will need to be used, cable – A cable can be used to connect the various devices. Equipment Rack – To hold all equipment in a secure and logical manner, power protection equipment – For holding equipments in a stable, secure and logical manner. UPS – For uninterrupted power supply and these are the most used/important devices and items for most radio stations. A microphone is used to capture the input of sound created by people speaking into the device. The sounds are turned into electrical energy, this energy then flows along a metal antenna. As the electrons in the current move back and forth up the antenna. The waves travel at the speed of light, taking the program with them. A compound of both a transmitter and a receiver is called a transceiver, they are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing, when no circuitry is common between the transmit and receive functions, the device becomes a transmitter-receiver
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Salt Lake City
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Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city lies at the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120-mile segment of the Wasatch Front and it is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin. The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and numerous other Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City—the word great was dropped from the name in 1868 by the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature. Today, however, less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church. It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913, Salt Lake City has since developed a strong outdoor recreation tourist industry based primarily on skiing, and hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is the banking center of the United States. Before Mormon settlement, the Shoshone, Ute, and Paiute had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. The land was treated by the United States as public domain, the first U. S. explorer in the Salt Lake area is believed to be Jim Bridger in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, some as far north as the nearby Utah Valley. Frémont surveyed the Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Valley in 1843 and 1845, the Donner Party, a group of ill-fated pioneers, had traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley in August 1846. The first permanent settlements in the date to the arrival of the Latter-day Saints on July 24,1847. Upon arrival at the Salt Lake Valley, president of the church Brigham Young is recorded as stating, This is the right place, Brigham Young claimed to have seen the area in a vision prior to the wagon trains arrival. They found the broad valley empty of any human settlement, four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young designated the building site for the Salt Lake Temple, which would eventually become a famous Mormon and Salt Lake City landmark. The Salt Lake Temple, constructed on the block that would later be called Temple Square, construction started in 1853, and the temple was dedicated on 6 April 1893. The temple has become an icon for the city and serves as its centerpiece, in fact, the southeast corner of Temple Square is the initial point of reference for the Salt Lake Meridian, and for all addresses in the Salt Lake Valley. The Mormon pioneers organized a new state called Deseret and petitioned for its recognition in 1849, the United States Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the Utah Territory, vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the capital in 1858
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Utah
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Utah is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U. S. on January 4,1896, Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million, approximately 80% of whom live along the Wasatch Front, Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast, approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS, which greatly influences Utahn culture and daily life. The LDS Churchs world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City, Utah is the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church. The state is a center of transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, in 2013, the U. S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second fastest-growing population of any state. St. George was the metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah also has the 14th highest median income and the least income inequality of any U. S. state. A2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the best state to live in based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, the name Utah is derived from the name of the Ute tribe. It means people of the mountains in the Ute language, according to other sources Utah is derived from the Apache name Yudah which means Tall. These Native American tribes are subgroups of the Ute-Aztec Native American ethnicity and were sedentary, the Ancestral Pueblo people built their homes through excavations in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century. Another group of Native Americans, the Navajo, settled in the region around the 18th century, in the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the Goshute, the Paiute, the Shoshone, and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived, the southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, while looking for the legendary Cíbola. A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the Dominguez-Escalante Expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California, the expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region, but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature, in 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of Alta California. European trappers and fur traders explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada, the city of Provo, Utah was named for one, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah was named after Peter Skene Ogden, in late 1824, Jim Bridger became the first known English-speaking person to sight the Great Salt Lake. Due to the salinity of its waters, Bridger thought he had found the Pacific Ocean
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