1.
Quarterback
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A quarterback is a position in American and Canadian football. Quarterbacks are members of the team and line up directly behind the offensive line. In modern American football, the quarterback is considered the leader of the offensive team. In modern American football, the quarterback is usually the leader of the offense, the quarterback touches the ball on almost every offensive play, and his successes and failures can have a significant impact on the fortunes of his team. Accordingly, the quarterback is among the most glorified and scrutinized positions in team sports, prior to each play, the quarterback will usually tell the rest of his team which play the team will run. After the team is lined up, the center will pass the ball back to the quarterback, usually on a running play, the quarterback will then hand or pitch the ball backwards to a half back or full back. On a passing play, the quarterback is almost always the responsible for trying to throw the ball downfield to an eligible receiver downfield. Depending on the scheme by his team, the quarterbacks role can vary. While quarterbacks in Canadian football need to be able to throw the ball often, in the NFL, quarterbacks are required to wear a uniform number between 1 and 19. In the CFL, the quarterback can wear any number from 0 to 49 and 70 to 99. Because of their numbering, quarterbacks are eligible receivers in the NCAA, NFHS, after a Super Bowl victory, the starting quarterback is the first player to be presented with the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The starting quarterback of the victorious Super Bowl team is chosen for the Im going to Disney World. Campaign, whether they are the Super Bowl MVP or not, examples include Joe Montana, Trent Dilfer, Dilfer was chosen even though teammate Ray Lewis was the MVP of Super Bowl XXXV, due to the bad publicity from Lewis murder trial the prior year. In addition to their role, quarterbacks are occasionally used in other roles. Most teams utilize a backup quarterback as their holder on placekicks, in the Wildcat, a formation where a halfback lines up behind the center and the quarterback lines up out wide, the quarterback can be used as a receiving target or a blocker. A more rare use for a quarterback is to punt the ball himself, Denver Broncos quarterback John Elway was known to perform quick kicks occasionally, typically when the Broncos were facing a third-and-long situation. As Roger Staubachs back-up, Dallas Cowboys quarterback Danny White was also the teams punter, ascending the starting role upon Staubachs retirement, White held his position as the teams punter for several seasons—a double duty he performed to All-American standard at Arizona State University. White also had two touchdown receptions as a Dallas Cowboy, both from the halfback option, if quarterbacks are uncomfortable with the formation the defense is using, they may call an audible change to their play
2.
McDonald, Pennsylvania
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McDonald is a borough in Allegheny and Washington counties in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania,18 miles southwest of Pittsburgh. In the past, factories of bottles, oil-well drilling tools, flour-mill products, oil and coal were and still are procured in the area. The population was 2,149 at the 2010 census, of this,1,766 were in Washington County, and 383 were in Allegheny County. McDonalds government includes a mayor, an elected seven-member borough council. The boroughs tax collector is also elected, the mayor, council members and tax collector are all elected to four-year terms. All of the seats are at-large. The borough is served by the Fort Cherry School District, McDonald is located at 40°22′12″N 80°13′58″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has an area of 0.5 square miles. None of the area is covered with water, as of the census of 2010, there were 2,149 people,383 of whom resided in the Allegheny county part of the borough,1,766 of whom resided in the Washington County part of the borough. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,281 people,1,021 households, the population density was 4,387.3 people per square mile. There were 1,134 housing units at a density of 2,181.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 92. 15% White,6. 31% African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 04% Asian,0. 09% Pacific Islander,0. 18% from other races, and 1. 10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 26% of the population,36. 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the family size was 2.90. In the borough the population was out, with 21. 6% under the age of 18,6. 8% from 18 to 24,28. 6% from 25 to 44,23. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males, the median income for a household in the borough was $33,239, and the median income for a family was $45,878. Males had an income of $35,484 versus $25,039 for females
3.
Fort Cherry School District
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Fort Cherry School District is a small, rural public school district located in southwestern Pennsylvania. It covers a portion of suburban Pittsburgh and some outlying rural areas, the district serves students in a 58-square-mile area that includes the towns of McDonald and Midway and the village of Hickory, as well as the townships of Robinson and Mount Pleasant. According to a 2008 local census, it serves a resident population of 8,878, the residents per capita income was $17,963, while median family income was $45,688. Fort Cherry School District received more than $8.9 million in funding in school year 2007-08. Established in 1959, this area was previously a fort created and inhabited by Tom Cherry and this fort was eventually torn down to create Fort Cherry High School, with Fort Cherry Elementary Center eventually being added next to the high school. It examined the school website for information regarding, taxes. In 2011, the district ranked 230th of 498 Pennsylvania school district. The ranking was based on five years of student academic performance on the PSSAs for math, reading, writing,2010 - 259th 2009 - 268th 2008 - 306th 2007 - 337th out of 501 school district for student academic achievement. In 2009, the achievement of the students of the Fort Cherry School District was in the bottom 51st percentile among 500 Pennsylvania school districts. Scale - In 2011, the Fort Cherry School Districts graduation rate was 95%, in 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Education issued a new, 4-year cohort graduation rate. Fort Cherry High Schools rate was 81% for 2010,2010 - 89%2009 - 90%2008 - 87%2007 - 87% In 2011, Fort Cherry Senior High School declined to Warning AYP status due to lagging student achievement. In 2009 and 2010, the school achieved AYP status under the federal No Child Left Behind law, 11th Grade Reading,2011 - 72% on grade level. State -69. 1% of 11th graders are on grade level, State - 65% 11th Grade Math,2011 - 64%, on grade level. In Pennsylvania,60. 3% of 11th graders are on grade level, in Pennsylvania, 59% of 11th graders are on grade level. State - 53% 11th Grade Science,2011 - 49% on grade level, State - 40% of 11th graders were on grade level. Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a college in Pennsylvania. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing a degree, only one in three graduate in three years. By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate high school
4.
Coffeyville Community College
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Coffeyville Community College is a community college located in Coffeyville, Kansas, United States. Coffeyville Community College is a member of the Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference, Coffeyville Community College offers football, basketball, baseball, softball, cross country, track and field, golf, volleyball, rodeo, and soccer. The official school colors are red and white, the mascot is the Red Raven. Their athletics teams are known as the Red Ravens and Lady Ravens, Coffeyville Community College was established in 1923, and was among the first such institutions to be chartered by the State of Kansas. It was founded at the request of the voters of the Coffeyville school district to provide two years of college for students who, at time, had graduated from Coffeyville High School. From the beginning, the College has been advised by the University of Kansas, together, they developed the various courses and departments at the College. Since that time, the College has maintained a relationship with the University of Kansas. In 1965, the College became a member of the State System of Public Junior Colleges, soon after, the voters of the southern one-half of Montgomery County voted to expand the college district to include the entire southern half of the county instead of just the City of Coffeyville. The first Board of Trustees was elected in 1967, in 1980, the College name was officially changed to Coffeyville Community College by an act of the State Legislature. In 2001, the Southeast Kansas Area Vocational Technical School merged with Coffeyville Community College, Coffeyville Community College has sent forty-eight players to the NFL over the years
5.
Miami Hurricanes football
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The Miami Hurricanes football team represents the University of Miami in the sport of American football. The Hurricanes compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association s Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, the program began in 1926 and has won five AP national championships. Miami is ranked fourth on the list of All-time Associated Press National Poll Championships, tied with Southern California and Ohio State and behind Alabama, Notre Dame, and Oklahoma. Miami also holds a number of NFL Draft records, including most first round selections in a single draft, two Hurricanes have won the Heisman Trophy and nine have been inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame. The team plays its games at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens. The Hurricanes are currently coached by Mark Richt, UM began with just a freshman football team in 1926. Its first game was played on October 23,1926, a 7–0 win over Rollins College before 304 fans, under the guidance of head coach Howard P. Buck, the freshman team posted a perfect 8–0 record in its inaugural season. Two of the wins were against the University of Havana, one on Thanksgiving Day in Miami, Miamis last home game at of the season featured a first, the first Hurricane football game played on New Years Day against Howard at Miamis University Stadium. Varsity competition began in 1927, with Miami beating Rollins 39–3 in its first game and going on to a 3–6–1 record. The team improved to 4–4–1 in 1928, but it was not enough for Buck to keep his job, rixs arrival was funded by a group of local businessmen. That off-season, the program, which competed as an independent during its first two years of existence, joined the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association,1929 saw Miami play its first varsity road game, and Rix led the team to its first winning season, going 3–2. His tenure, however, was short-lived, off-campus financing for the dried up in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash. Ernest Brett replaced Rix, and in 1930, Miami played Temple in its first game outside the South, losing 34–0 to the Owls in Atlantic City, New Jersey. On October 31,1930, the Hurricanes played in one of the nations first night games vs. Bowden College in Miami, Brett only lasted one year, and Tom McCann became the programs fourth head coach in 1931. Under McCann, the program experienced its most successful seasons to that point. After a difficult first year, Miami put together a record in 1932 and served as host to the inaugural Palm Festival. A 5–1–2 campaign and another Palm Festival berth followed in 1933, and in 1934, in 1935, a group of Miami football supporters sought to hire Red Grange as coach. However, the move was vetoed by President Bowman Foster Ashe, instead Irl Tubbs took over as head coach in 1935, and though Miami compiled an 11–5–2 record in his two seasons, it did not play in a bowl in either year
6.
William Paterson University
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William Paterson University, officially The William Paterson University of New Jersey, is an American public university located in Wayne, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1855, William Paterson is the second oldest of the nine colleges and universities in New Jersey. William Paterson offers undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees through its five academic colleges, during the fall 2016 semester,9,103 undergraduate students and 1,480 graduate students were enrolled. William Paterson is the sixth largest producer of college graduates in New Jersey, in 2016, the University graduated more than 2,500 students. It is the third most diverse university in New Jersey. William Paterson University is located on a 370-acre hilly, wooded campus in northern New Jersey in the town of Wayne. New York City is 20 miles to the east, the Jersey Shore is a drive south, skiing is 30 miles north. William Paterson University was founded in 1855 as the Paterson City Normal School, for more than a century, training teachers for New Jersey schools was its exclusive mission. In 1951, the University moved to the present campus, originally known as Ailsa Farms, the site was purchased by the State of New Jersey in 1948 from the family of Garret Hobart, twenty-fourth vice president of the United States. The original manor house was built in 1877 in the style of a castle, and was the home of John McCullough and it was later purchased, enlarged and made the weekend retreat and summer residence of the Hobart family. Today the building is known as Hobart Manor and is home of the Office of the President, Hobart Manor was designated a national and state landmark in 1976. The building is reported to have sightings of ghosts from time to time, the University changed its name to Paterson State Teachers College when it relocated from Paterson in 1951. In 1966, the curriculum was expanded to include degree offerings other than leading to a teaching career. In 1971, it was renamed The William Paterson College of New Jersey, the Commission on Higher Education in June 1997 granted William Paterson university status. Dr. Kathleen Waldron, the president of Baruch College. She took office August 2,2010 to replace the retiring Arnold Speert, the Cotsakos College of Business, named in honor of Dr. Students may also pursue a certificate in early childhood, elementary, secondary, and special education. Pre-professional programs are available in dentistry, engineering, law, medicine, pharmacology, physical therapy, William Paterson counts 41 Fulbright scholars among its faculty. The David and Lorraine Cheng Library is the academic center of William Paterson University
7.
Michigan State Spartans football
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The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference, Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, the AP Poll voted Michigan State as national champion one time. They have been named national champions twice in the Coaches Poll, the Spartans have also won two Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association championships and nine Big Ten championships. The Spartans home games are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the university campus. Spartan Stadium has ranked among the NCAAs Top 25 in attendance for 59 consecutive seasons, the Spartans current coach, Mark Dantonio was hired on November 27,2006. The teams iconic Spartan helmet logo has been ranked as one of the games best, starting as a club sport in 1885, football gained varsity status in 1896. Previously, in 1884, Albion College and Michigan Agricultural had played in the first intercollegiate football game held within the state of Michigan, the MIAAs other charter members included Albion, Olivet and Hillsdale Colleges. The Associations first season of football was in 1894 which by then also included Eastern Michigan University and Alma College. In those early years the MAC Aggies could only accomplish one outright league football championship, the first decade of the 20th Century generally saw the MIAA and MAC being dominated by either Albion or Olivet Colleges. MSU left the league and became an Independent in 1907, chester Brewer revolutionized the football program during three different stints as head coach, 1903–10,1917, and 1919. Considered a defensive genius, his teams posted shutouts in 49 of the 88 games he coached, john Macklin took over as head coach in 1911 and owned a winning percentage of.853, which is the highest in Michigan State history. Jim Crowley, one of Notre Dame’s immortal Four Horsemen, served as the football coach at Michigan State from 1929 to 1933. Charlie Bachman, another Notre Dame alumnus, succeeded Jim Crowley as head coach at Michigan State. A teammate of Knute Rockne, Bachman employed the Notre Dame system, Clarence Lester Biggie Munn took over as head coach of Michigan State from Charlie Bachman in 1947. His 1951 and 1952 squads won national championships, Munn retired from coaching in 1953 to assume duties as Michigan States athletic director, a position he held until 1971. Each year, the Michigan State Spartans football team out the Biggie Munn Award to the teams most motivational player. MSUs Munn Ice Arena, built in 1974, is named in his honor, Munn was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1959, and, in 1961, he became Michigan States first inductee into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame. He authored the coaching textbook Michigan State Multiple Offense in 1953, MSU initially offered to let Notre Dame take 80 percent of the gate, but Cavanaugh insisted they split the receipts down the middle
8.
Tulane Green Wave football
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The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the American Athletic Conference, the football team is coached by Willie Fritz, and plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans. The Green Wave have played their games in Yulman Stadium on its Uptown campus since 2014. Prior to that season, Tulane played home games in the Mercedes-Benz Superdome for nearly 40 seasons, because Tulanes campus is landlocked within Uptown New Orleans, Yulman is tightly fit within its athletic footprint and directly abutting the surrounding neighborhood. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 spectators and was constructed with the ability to expand, the Tulane University Marching Band was founded in 1920 as a military band. It dissolved shortly after the move to the Superdome in the 1970s. The TUMB performs at home games each fall and in Mardi Gras parades each spring, riptide the Pelican debuted in 1998 with the re-branding of Tulane athletics. Prior to that, the school used an angry wave nicknamed Gumby by fans, Tulanes biggest and oldest rival was LSU. It began in 1893 with a 34–0 Green Wave victory over the Tigers, the teams stopped meeting every year in the Battle for the Flag in 2009. Between 1979 and 1982, Tulane won three out of four games against the Tigers, the 1982 win was the last win to date, the two schools stopped playing annually after the 1994 game, however, they have met six times since. LSU lead the series 69–22–7 and won 45 of the final 50 games, as a condition of the broken series agreement made in 2006, a potential future game will be played in a future season in New Orleans. Known as the Battle for the Bell, Tulanes rivalry with Southern Miss was played yearly from 1979 until 2006, as a result of Conference USA splitting into East and West divisions in 2005, the game was played two out of every four years. The rivalry is paused indefinitely as a result of Tulanes move to The American Athletic Conference in 2014, Tulane has won nine conference football championships in four different conferences. Its three Southeastern Conference titles are more than seven current members of the SEC, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi State, Missouri, South Carolina, Texas A&M, records current as of November 27,2015 Tulane has had 19 players named to first-team All-America teams. Of those 19, five were consensus selections, with one being a unanimous selection, the team has had 39 head coaches and 1 interim head coach since Tulane began playing football in 1893. While Tommy Bowden led the 1998 team to a perfect 11–0 regular season, six coaches led the team to conference championships, Clark Shaughnessy, Bernie Bierman, Ted Cox, Red Dawson, Henry E. Frnka, and Tommy Bowden. Clark Shaughnessy and Chris Scelfo are tied as the leaders in games coached at Tulane with 94 each. Clark Shaughnessy is the leader in years coached and total wins
9.
LSU Tigers football
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The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in the sport of American football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, LSU ended the 2015 season with 770 victories, the 12th most in NCAA Division I FBS history, and the 4th most of any SEC team, behind Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia. The Tigers also have the 11th highest winning percentage among teams with at least 1,000 games played, LSU has won three National Championships in 1958,2003 and 2007. LSU has been featured in a game with ESPN College GameDay on location a total of 25 times, the Tigers have now made at least one appearance on the show every season since 2003. In recent years, LSU has had a number of players drafted into the National Football League. As of the beginning of the 2016 NFL season, there were 42 former LSU players on active rosters in the NFL, Louisiana State University played its first football game in school history on November 25,1893, losing to rival Tulane in the first intercollegiate contest in Louisiana. The game sparked a rivalry between the Tigers and the Green Wave that has lasted generations, the Tigers were coached by university professor Dr. Charles E. Coates, known for his work in the chemistry of sugar. Future Louisiana governor Ruffin G. Pleasant was the quarterback and captain of the LSU team, in the first game against Tulane, LSU football players wore purple and gold ribbons on their uniforms. According to legend, purple and gold were chosen because they were Mardi Gras colors, the rules of play in 1893 were more like rugby than what might be considered modern football. LSU achieved its first victory by beating Natchez Athletic Club 26–0 in 1894, samuel Marmaduke Dinwidie Clark has the honor of scoring the very first touchdown in LSU history. The first football game played on the LSU campus was at State Field on December 3,1894, LSUs only touchdown in that game was scored by the head coach, Albert Simmons. This was the first year of play for William S. Slaughter who lettered as an end for 5 years, Slaughter was LSUs first five time football letterman. By 1895, LSU had its first win in Baton Rouge, Coach Allen Jeardeau returned for his second but final year at LSU in 1897 for two games in Baton Rouge. A yellow fever outbreak throughout the South caused the postponement of LSUs classes starting, another outbreak of yellow fever similar to the one in 1897 caused LSU to play only one game in 1898. By the time LSU was able to play its game of the season, Allen Jeardeau had departed from the school as head football coach. The job of coach then fell to the captain, Edmond Chavanne. New coach John P. Gregg led the Tigers to a 1–4 season in 1899, the only wins were in an exhibition game against a high school team—which LSU does not officially record as a win—and against rival, Tulane. Chavanne was rehired in 1900, posting a 2–2 record and he was replaced by W. S. Borland as head coach in 1901, who led the team to a successful 5–1 season
10.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
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The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is coached by Brian Kelly. The team plays its games at the campuss Notre Dame Stadium. One of the most iconic and successful programs in sports, have 13 national championships recognized by the NCAA. With 486 players selected, Notre Dame is second to USC in the number of players chosen by NFL teams in the draft, all Notre Dame home games have been televised on NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout and these factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, allowing them to remain independent of a conference. Football did not have a beginning at the University of Notre Dame. In their inaugural game on November 23,1887, the Irish lost to Michigan by a score of 8–0 and their first win came in the final game of the 1888 season when the Irish defeated Harvard Prep by a score of 20–0. At the end of the 1888 season they had a record of 1–3 with all three losses being at the hands of Michigan by a score of 43–9. Between 1887 and 1899 Notre Dame compiled a record of 31 wins,15 losses, in 1908, the win over Franklin saw end Fay Wood catch the first touchdown pass in Notre Dame history. By the end of the 1912 season they had amassed a record of 108 wins,31 losses, jesse Harper became head coach in 1913 and remained so until he retired in 1917. During his tenure the Irish began playing only intercollegiate games and posted a record of 34 wins, five losses and this period would also mark the beginning of the rivalry with Army and the continuation of rivalries with Michigan State. In 1913, Notre Dame burst into the consciousness and helped to transform the collegiate game in a single contest. In an effort to respect for a regionally successful but small-time Midwestern football program, Harper scheduled games in his first season with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State. On November 1,1913, the Notre Dame squad stunned the Black Knights of the Hudson 35–13 in a game played at West Point and this game has been miscredited as the invention of the forward pass. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918, under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins,12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp. Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history, Rocknes offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme
11.
Cleveland Browns
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The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Browns compete in the National Football League as a club of the American Football Conference North division. The Browns play their games at FirstEnergy Stadium, which opened in 1999, with administrative offices and training facilities in Berea. The Browns official colors are brown, orange and white and they are unique among the 32 member franchises of the NFL in that they do not have a logo on their helmets and are the only team named after a specific person, original coach Paul Brown. The franchise was founded in 1945 by businessman Arthur B, McBride and coach Paul Brown as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference. The Browns dominated the AAFC, compiling a 47–4–3 record in the four active seasons. When the AAFC folded after the 1949 season, the Browns joined the National Football League along with the San Francisco 49ers, from 1965 to 1995, they made the playoffs 14 times, but did not win another championship or appear in the Super Bowl in that period. In 1995, owner Art Modell, who had purchased the Browns in 1961, announced plans to move the team to Baltimore, Maryland. The Browns intellectual property, including name, logos, training facility, and history, were kept in trust. A new team would be established by 1999 either by expansion or relocation, the Browns were announced as an expansion team in 1998 and resumed play in 1999. Since resuming operations in 1999, the Browns have struggled to find success and they have had only two winning seasons, one playoff appearance, and no playoff wins. The franchise has also noted for a lack of stability with quarterbacks. To date, the Browns overall win-loss record since 1999 is 88–200, the Browns origins date to 1944, when taxicab magnate Arthur B. Mickey McBride secured the rights to a Cleveland franchise in the newly formed All-America Football Conference. S, early in 1945, McBride named 36-year-old Ohio State Buckeyes coach Paul Brown as the teams head coach and general manager and gave him a share in its profits. The move surprised and upset Buckeye fans, who had hoped he would resume his successful run at the school after the war, the name of the team was at first left up to Paul Brown, who rejected calls for it to be christened the Browns. The franchise and the Cleveland Plain Dealer then held a naming contest to publicize the team, in June 1945, a committee selected Panthers as the new teams name, named after a failed American Football League franchise in Cleveland which only lasted a single season in 1926. It is unclear whether Panthers was the highest vote-getter, or if it was second-highest behind Browns, however, the owner of the failed AFL Panthers franchise, General C. X. Zimmerman, indicated that he owned the name Cleveland Panthers, at this point, Paul Brown bowed to popular sentiment and agreed to the Browns name
12.
Kansas City Chiefs
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The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Chiefs compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues American Football Conference West division. The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt and was a member of the American Football League. In 1963, the relocated to Kansas City and assumed their current name. The Chiefs joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970, the team is valued at just under $1 billion. The Chiefs were also the team, after the Green Bay Packers, to appear in more than one Super Bowl. The Chiefs Wild-Card playoff victory ended what was at the time the third-longest drought in the NFL, in 1959, Lamar Hunt began discussions with other businessmen to establish a professional football league that would rival the National Football League. Hunts desire to secure a team was heightened after watching the 1958 NFL Championship Game between the New York Giants and Baltimore Colts. After unsuccessful attempts to purchase and relocate the NFLs Chicago Cardinals to his hometown of Dallas, Texas, Hunt went to the NFL and asked to create an expansion franchise in Dallas. The NFL turned him down, so Hunt then established the American Football League and started his own team, the Dallas Texans, to begin play in 1960. Hunt hired an assistant coach from the University of Miami football team, Hank Stram, to be the teams head coach after the job offer was declined by Bud Wilkinson. The Texans shared the Cotton Bowl with the NFLs cross-town competition Dallas Cowboys for three seasons, the Texans were to have exclusive access to the stadium until the NFL put an expansion team, the Dallas Cowboys, there. While the team averaged a league-best 24,500 at the Cotton Bowl, in the franchises first two seasons, the team managed only a 14–14 record. In their third season, the Texans strolled to an 11–3 record, the game was broadcast nationally on ABC and the Texans defeated the Oilers 20–17 in double overtime. The game lasted 77 minutes and 54 seconds, which stands as the longest championship game in professional football history. It turned out to be the last game the team would play as the Dallas Texans and he considered moving the Texans to either Atlanta or Miami for the 1963 season. However, he was swayed by an offer from Kansas City Mayor Harold Roe Bartle. Bartle promised to triple the franchises season ticket sales and expand the capacity of Municipal Stadium to accommodate the team
13.
Washington Redskins
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The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area. The Redskins compete in the National Football League as a member of the National Football Conference East division. The Redskins have played more than 1,000 games since 1932, the Redskins have won five NFL Championships. The franchise has captured 14 NFL divisional titles and six NFL conference championships, the Redskins were the first team in the NFL with an official marching band, and also the first team to have a fight song, Hail to the Redskins. The team began play as the Boston Braves in 1932, based in Boston, before relocating to Washington, the Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 Championship games, as well as Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. They also played in, and lost, the 1936,1940,1943 and they have made 24 postseason appearances, and have an overall postseason record of 23–18. All of the Redskins league titles were attained during two 10-year spans, from 1936 to 1945, the Redskins went to the NFL Championship six times, winning two of them. The second period lasted between 1982 and 1991 where the Redskins appeared in the seven times, captured four Conference titles. The Redskins have also experienced failure in their history, the most notable period of general failure was from 1946 to 1970, during which the Redskins posted only four winning seasons and did not have a single postseason appearance. During this period, the Redskins went without a winning season during the years 1956–1968. In 1961, the franchise posted their worst regular season record with a 1–12–1 showing, since 1992, the Redskins have only won the NFC East three times, made five postseason appearances, and had nine seasons with a winning record.85 billion. They also set the NFL record for attendance in 2007. The team name and logo have been the subject of controversy, with lawsuits being filed by Native American groups who consider the team name, polls conducted in the 2010s have shown a lack of major support among fans for a name change. The team originated as the Boston Braves, based in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1932, at the time the team played in Braves Field, home of the Boston Braves baseball team. The following year the club moved to Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox, to round out the change, Marshall hired William Lone Star Dietz, who was part Sioux, as the teams head coach. However, Boston wasnt much of a town at the time. The Redskins relocated to Washington, D. C. in 1937, in their early years in Washington, the Redskins shared Griffith Stadium with the Washington Senators baseball team. The Redskins played and won their first game in Washington, D. C. on September 16,1937, on December 5,1937, they earned their first division title in Washington against the Giants, 49–14, for the Eastern Championship
14.
Detroit Lions
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The Detroit Lions are a professional American football team based in Detroit. The Lions compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues National Football Conference North division. The team plays its games at Ford Field in Downtown Detroit. Originally based in Portsmouth, Ohio and called the Portsmouth Spartans, despite success within the NFL, they could not survive in Portsmouth, then the NFLs smallest city. The team was purchased and relocated to Detroit for the 1934 season and they are one of four current teams and the only NFC team to have not yet played in the Super Bowl. Aside from a change to maroon in 1948 instituted by then head coach Bo McMillin. The design consists of silver helmets, silver pants, and either blue or white jerseys, the shade of blue used for Lions uniforms and logos is officially known as Honolulu blue, which is supposedly inspired by the color of the waves off the coast of Hawaii. The shade was chosen by Cy Huston in 1935, houston, the Lions first vice president and general manager, said of the choice, They had me looking at so many blues I am blue in the face, Huston said about the selection. But anyway, its the kind of blue, I am told, there have been minor changes to the uniform design throughout the years, such as changing the silver stripe patterns on the jersey sleeves, and changing the colors of the jersey numbers. White trim was added to the logo in 1970, in 1998, the team wore blue pants with their white jerseys along with grey socks but dropped that combination after the season. In 1999, the TV numbers on the sleeves were moved to the shoulders, in 1994, every NFL team wore throwback jerseys, and the Lions were similar to the jerseys used during their 1935 championship season. The helmets and pants were silver, the jerseys Honolulu blue with silver numbers. The team wore solid blue socks along with black shoes, the helmets also did not have a logo, as helmets were simple leather back then. The Lions also wore 50s-style jerseys during their traditional Thanksgiving Day games from 2001 to 2004 as the NFL encouraged teams to wear throwback jerseys on Thanksgiving Day, in 2003, the team added black trim to their logo and the jerseys. The face masks on the changed from blue to black with the introduction of the new color. Additionally, a home field jersey which makes black the dominant color was introduced in 2005. For 2008, the dropped the black alternate jerseys in favor of a throwback uniform to commemorate the franchises 75th anniversary. The throwback uniform became the teams permanent alternate jersey in 2009, the Lions officially unveiled new logo designs and uniforms on April 20,2009
15.
Green Bay Packers
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The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues National Football Conference North division. They are also the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, organized and it is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games are played at Lambeau Field, the Packers are the last vestige of small town teams common in the NFL during the 1920s and 1930s. Founded in 1919 by Earl Curly Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun, between 1919 and 1920, the Packers competed against other semi-pro clubs from around Wisconsin and the Midwest. They joined the American Professional Football Association, the forerunner of todays NFL, the Packers have won 13 league championships, the most in NFL history, with nine NFL titles before the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowl victories. They won the first two Super Bowls in 1967 and 1968 and were the only NFL team to defeat the American Football League prior to the AFL–NFL merger. The Vince Lombardi Trophy is named after the Packers head coach of the same name and their two further Super Bowl wins came in 1997 and 2011. The Packers are long-standing adversaries of the Chicago Bears, Minnesota Vikings, and Detroit Lions, the Bears–Packers rivalry is one of the oldest in NFL history, dating back to 1921. The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11,1919 by former high-school football rivals Earl Curly Lambeau, Lambeau solicited funds for uniforms from his employer, the Indian Packing Company. He was given $500 for uniforms and equipment, on the condition that the team be named for its sponsor, the Green Bay Packers have played in their original city longer than any other team in the NFL. On August 27,1921, the Packers were granted a franchise in the new pro football league that had been formed the previous year. Financial troubles plagued the team and the franchise was forfeited within the year, before Lambeau found new financial backers and these backers, known as the Hungry Five, formed the Green Bay Football Corporation. After a near-miss in 1927, Lambeaus squad claimed the Packers first NFL title in 1929 with an undefeated 12–0–1 campaign, among the many impressive accomplishments of these years was the Packers streak of 29 consecutive home games without defeat, an NFL record which still stands. The arrival of end Don Hutson from Alabama in 1935 gave Lambeau, credited with inventing pass patterns, Hutson would lead the league in receptions eight seasons and spur the Packers to NFL championships in 1936,1939 and 1944. An iron man, Hutson played both ways, leading the league in interceptions as a safety in 1940, Hutson claimed 18 NFL records when he retired in 1945, many of which still stand. In 1951, his number 14 was the first to be retired by the Packers, after Hutsons retirement, Lambeau could not stop the Packers slide. He purchased a large lodge near Green Bay for team members, rockwood Lodge was the home of the 1946-1949 Packers, though the 1947 and 1948 seasons produced a record of 12-10-1, and 1949 was even worse at 3-9
16.
History of the St. Louis Rams
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The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995 and their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17,2015, which they won, 31–23. The Rams last game as a St. Louis-based club was on January 3,2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levis Stadium, but the overall mediocrity of the Cardinals, combined with stadium issues, caused game attendance to dwindle. And once again the Bidwills, the family owned the Cardinals. The cities they looked at included Baltimore, Phoenix, New York City, nonetheless, Cardinals fans were unhappy at losing their team, and Bill Bidipll, fearing for his safety, stayed away from several of the 1987 home games. Their last home game was on December 13,1987, in which the Cardinals won 27–24 over the New York Giants in front of 29,623 fans on a late Sunday afternoon. Not long after the 1987 season, Bidipll agreed to move to the Phoenix area on a deal with state and local officials. They planned to play at Arizona State Universitys Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe on a basis while a new stadium was being built. Unfortunately for the Cardinals, the savings and loan crisis derailed financing for the stadium, prior to the Rams 1979 Super Bowl season, owner Carroll Rosenbloom drowned in an accident. His widow, Georgia Frontiere, inherited 70% ownership of the team, Frontiere fired her step-son, Steve Rosenbloom, and assumed total control of the franchise. As had been planned prior to Carroll Rosenblooms death, the Rams moved from their home at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to Anaheim Stadium in nearby Orange County in 1980. Also, Southern Californias population patterns were changing, there was growth in L. A. s affluent suburbs. Anaheim Stadium was originally built in 1966 as the home of the California Angels Major League Baseball franchise, to accommodate the Rams move, the ballpark was reconfigured with luxury suites and enclosed to accommodate crowds of about 65,000 for football. In 1982 the Coliseum was occupied by the Los Angeles Raiders, the combined effect of these two factors was to force the Rams traditional fan base to be split between two teams. Making matters even worse, at time the Rams were unsuccessful on the field. Although it was not apparent at the time, the Rams loss in the 1989 NFC Championship Game marked the end of an era, the Rams would not have another winning season in Los Angeles for the remainder of the century, and beyond. The first half of the 1990s featured four straight 10-loss seasons, no playoff appearances, the return of Chuck Knox as head coach would not boost the Rams fortunes. Knoxs run-oriented offense brought about the end of offensive coordinator Ernie Zampeses tenure in 1993, general manager John Shaw was perceived by some to continually squander NFL Draft picks on sub-standard talent
17.
San Francisco 49ers
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The San Francisco 49ers are a professional American football team located in the San Francisco Bay Area. They compete in the National Football League as a member of the leagues National Football Conference West division, the team currently plays its home games at Levis Stadium in Santa Clara, California, located 45 miles southeast of San Francisco in the heart of Silicon Valley. Since 1988, the 49ers have been headquartered in Santa Clara, the team was founded in 1946 as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference and joined the NFL in 1949 when the leagues merged. The 49ers were the first major professional sports franchise based in San Francisco. The name 49ers comes from the prospectors who arrived in Northern California in the 1849 Gold Rush, the team is legally and corporately registered as the San Francisco Forty Niners, Ltd. The team began play at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco before moving across town to Candlestick Park in 1970 and then to Levis Stadium in Santa Clara in 2014. The 49ers won five Super Bowl championships between 1981 and 1995, led by Hall of Famers Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Ronnie Lott, Steve Young, and coach Bill Walsh. As of the 2016 NFL season, the team has won a total of six championships, with the first in 1981. The 49ers have been in the playoffs a total of 26 times,25 times in the NFL. According to Forbes Magazine, the team is the 4th most-valuable team in the NFL, in 2016, the San Francisco 49ers were ranked the 10th most valuable sports team in the world, behind the Los Angeles Lakers and above Bayern Munich. In 1957, the 49ers enjoyed their first sustained success as members of the NFL, the 49ers fell behind the Bears 17–7. Tragically, 49ers owner Tony Morabito collapsed of a heart attack, the 49ers players learned of his death at halftime when coach Frankie Albert was handed a note with two words, Tonys gone. With tears running down their faces, and motivated to win for their departed owner, dicky Moegles late-game interception in the endzone sealed the victory. After Tonys death 49er ownership went to Victor Morabito and Tonys widow, the 49ers special assistant to the Morabitos, Louis G. Spadia was named general manager. They became the only full-house backfield inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, for most of the next 13 years, the 49ers hovered around.490, except for 1963 and 1964 when they went 2–12 and 4–10 respectively. Key players for these 49ers included running back Ken Willard, quarterback John Brodie, during this time the 49ers became the first NFL team to use the shotgun formation. It was named by the man who devised the formation, San Francisco 49ers coach Red Hickey. The formation, where the lines up seven yards behind the center, was designed to allow the quarterback extra time to throw
18.
Virginia Destroyers
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The Virginia Destroyers were a professional American football team based in Virginia Beach, Virginia. They began play in the United Football League in the 2011 season and they played their home games at the Virginia Beach Sportsplex. The team succeeded the Florida Tuskers, a charter UFL franchise based in Orlando, Florida, the Tuskers appeared in the first two UFL Championship Games, losing both to the Las Vegas Locomotives. The Destroyers business license expired March 1,2013, the team had ceased operations several weeks prior. Orlando was awarded a franchise for the UFLs 2009 season, former New Orleans Saints and St. Louis Rams head coach Jim Haslett was named the first head coach of the team on March 11,2009. Tryouts for the four teams that would play in the 2009 season took place in Orlando and Las Vegas during the summer, with the draft taking place on June 19. With their first selection, the Tuskers picked Fred Bledsoe, who had gone undrafted in the 2008 NFL Draft before signing with the Green Bay Packers as a squad member. The teams name, along with its colors and uniforms, were unveiled to the public in August, on the same day it was announced that the Tampa Bay Rays had bought interest in the team. In their inaugural season, the Tuskers were led by quarterback Brooks Bollinger, Bollinger was the league leader in passing yards, while Biddle led in receiving yards. On the defensive side of the ball, Odell Thurman led the team in tackles, Patrick Chukwurah was the leader in sacks. The team was noted for having a number of former players from the nearby Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Among the Buccaneer alumni was Matt Bryant, noted for having kicked a game-winning 62-yard field goal as time expired. Other ex-Bucs included Micheal Spurlock, the first player in Tampa Bay history to return a kickoff for a touchdown, the Tuskers put together a league-best undefeated 6–0 record in the regular season, clinching a spot in the championship game in Week 4. However in the game, the Tuskers were beaten by the Las Vegas Locomotives. Despite the team being unable to complete a season, Jim Haslett was named Coach of the Year. In January 2010, head coach Jim Haslett left the team to become the coordinator for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. On February 9,2010, UFL commissioner Michael Huyghue named Jay Gruden as head coach, on the same day it was announced that the Tampa Bay Rays had sold their interest in the team, meaning the Tuskers would be fully based in Orlando for the 2010 season. After several months of ownership, a group led by Joe Theismann purchased the team in October 2010
19.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
20.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams
21.
University of Miami
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The University of Miami is a private, nonsectarian research university in Coral Gables, Florida, United States. As of 2015, the university enrolls 16,848 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, the university offers 116 undergraduate,105 masters, and 63 doctoral degree programs, of which 59 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study. Over the years, the students have represented all 50 states. With more than 14,000 full and part-time faculty and staff, uM’s main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings. In the 2017 U. S. News and World Report study of colleges and universities, Research is a component of each academic division, with UM attracting $346.6 million per year in sponsored research grants. UM offers a library system with over 3.1 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage. UM also offers a range of student activities, including fraternities and sororities. UMs intercollegiate athletic teams, collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes, UMs football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982. They believed that a university would benefit their community. They were overly optimistic about future financial support for UM because the South Florida land boom was at its peak, the university began in earnest in 1925 when George E. Merrick, the founder of Coral Gables, gave 160 acres and nearly $5 million, to the effort. These contributions were land contracts and mortgages on real estate that had sold in the city. The university was chartered on April 18,1925 by the Circuit Court for Dade County. By the fall of 1926, when the first class of 372 students enrolled at UM, the boom had collapsed. For the next 15 years the university barely remained solvent, the construction of the first building on campus, now known as the Merrick Building, was left half built for over two decades due to economic difficulties. In the meantime, classes were held at the nearby Anastasia Hotel, with partitions separating classrooms, in 1929, Walsh and the other members of the Board of Regents resigned in the wake of the collapse of the Florida economy. UMs plight was so severe that students went door to door in Coral Gables collecting funds to keep it open, a reconstituted ten-member Board was chaired by UMs first president Bowman Foster Ashe. The new board included Merrick, Theodore Dickinson, E. B, douglas, David Fairchild, James H. Gilman, Richardson Saunders, Frank B. Shutts, Joseph H. Adams, and J. C, in 1930, several faculty members and more than 60 students came to UM when the University of Havana closed due to political unrest
22.
Michigan State Spartans
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The Michigan State Spartans are the athletic teams that represent Michigan State University. The schools athletic program includes 25 varsity sports teams and their mascot is a Spartan warrior named Sparty, and the school colors are green and white. The university participates in the NCAAs Division I and the Football Bowl Subdivision for football, the Spartans participate as members of the Big Ten Conference in all varsity sports. Michigan State offers 12 varsity sports for men and 13 for women, the universitys athletic director is Mark Hollis, who was promoted to the position on January 1,2008. Hollis replaced Ron Mason, who served as head hockey coach from 1979 to 2002. MSUs football team has won or shared six national championships in 1951,1952,1955,1957,1965 and 1966 and its mens basketball team won the NCAA National Championship in 1979 and 2000. The MSU mens ice hockey team won titles in 1966,1986 and 2007. In 1925, the changed its name to Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science. Looking to move beyond its roots, Michigan State held a contest to find a new nickname. They had decided to call the teams the Michigan Staters or the Michigan State Sport Ons, MSU officials headed up by George S. They decided on the Spartans suggested by Stephen G. Scofes and this story was also highlighted in the popular book entitled, The Tradition Continues authored by Constantine and Steven Demos, page 56. By coincidence, Justin Morrill had once compared the Land Grant colleges to the schools of ancient Sparta, with a heroic name and a historic precedent, the Spartans quickly caught on as the teams new nickname. They later changed the lyrics of the Fight Song to reflect the change of the College. As the college grew, it looked to join a major collegiate conference, when the University of Chicago eliminated varsity football and withdrew from the Western Conference in 1946, Michigan State president John A. Hannah lobbied to take its place. Despite opposition from the University of Michigan, the Big Ten admitted M. S. C. on May 20,1949. After joining the conference, head football coach Clarence L. Biggie Munn led the Spartan football team to the Rose Bowl in the 1953–54 season, successor coach Hugh Duffy Daugherty carried the football team to a second Rose Bowl where it again defeated UCLA, 17–14. Michigan State has 23 NCAA Division I-A varsity teams,11 varsity sports for men and 12 for women and they participate in the Big Ten Conference except fencing, where until 1997, from the University founding, MSU featured fencing as a varsity sport. During that time, MSU was coached by the first American recognized as a master of fencing, Charles Schmitter, for 45 years, upon his retirement, his student, Fred Freiheit, coached from 1984 until fencing was demoted from varsity status in 1997
23.
Tulane Green Wave
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The Tulane Green Wave are the athletic teams representing Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. The nickname was adopted during the 1920 season, after a song titled The Rolling Green Wave was published in the Tulane Hullabaloo in 1920, from 1893 to 1919 the athletic teams of Tulane were officially known as The Olive and Blue, for the official school colors. Tulane competes in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference, the university was a charter member of the Southeastern Conference, in which it competed until 1966. Tulane, along with other academically-oriented, private schools had considered forming the Southern Ivy League in the 1950s and it joined the newly formed Conference USA in 1995. In 2012 the university announced it would move to the Big East Conference in all sports in July 2014, there are 17 Green Wave intercollegiate programs. Tulane sponsors teams in seven mens and ten womens NCAA sanctioned sports, * = Beach volleyball is a fully sanctioned NCAA sport which had its first national championship in the spring of 2016. Tulane is a member of the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association, the Tulane football team, established in 1893, compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. Green Wave football teams have won 9 conference championships, including 3 in the SEC and 1 in C-USA and they are coached by Willie Fritz and play home games in Yulman Stadium. The Tulane baseball team, also established in 1893, is managed by head coach Travis Jewett, the program has appeared in the NCAA Tournament 21 times and in the College World Series twice. They play home games on campus at Turchin Stadium, both the mens and womens basketball teams play home games in Devlin Fieldhouse, named after a donation that enabled extensive renovations in 2012–13. It is the 9th-oldest active basketball venue in the nation, the mens basketball team, established in 1905, is coached by Mike Dunleavy Sr. who was hired following the 2015-16 season. The womens team has coached since 1995 by Lisa Stockton. The universitys Renewal Plan called for the suspension of some of its sports, when the news leaked, the outrage by fans, alumni, and boosters forced the Board of Trustees to pivot and claim it actually intended to undertake a comprehensive review of athletics. Scott Cowen began a dialog with other university presidents calling for a change to the system that rewards established powers at the expense of less successful programs. On February 29,2004, the BCS met in Miami, Florida, as a member of the BCS Presidential Oversight Committee, Cowen was active in decision-making regarding the future of college football. It is a component of the Tulane Fund, Tulane Universitys annual giving program, in 2007 the fund set a record for membership with 2,210 donors contributing. In 2011 it spearheaded the Home Field Advantage campaign to fund the $73 million construction of Yulman Stadium on the Uptown campus through private donations. Tulane officials commissioned John Chase in 1945 to illustrate the covers of its football game programs and he came up with Greenie, a mischievous boy who would be considered an unofficial mascot by many fans
24.
LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers
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The LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers are the athletic teams representing Louisiana State University, a public four-year coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. LSU competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Southeastern Conference, LSU fields teams in 21 varsity sports. The 9 mens teams play baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, swimming & diving, tennis, indoor track & field, and outdoor track & field. The 11 womens teams play basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, indoor track & field, outdoor track & field, LSU athletics has many traditions associated with its sports programs. Based on winning percentage, the athletics program is consistently one of the best in the nation. LSU has also won 47 team national championships, placing them 5th all-time in total national championships, traditional rivals in football include long running rivalries with the Ole Miss Rebels and Tulane Green Wave. More current football rivalries include the Alabama Crimson Tide, Arkansas Razorbacks, Auburn Tigers, Florida Gators, Mississippi State Bulldogs and its official team nickname is the Fighting Tigers, Tigers or Lady Tigers. The Lady Tigers nickname is used only in sports that have teams for men and women—specifically basketball, cross country, golf, swimming & diving, tennis. In 1955, the LSU fourth-quarter club added the word Fighting to the nickname thus becoming Fighting Tigers, the nickname was first coined in 1896 after an undefeated football season. The nickname is a throwback to the Civil War fame of a New Orleans infantry company and they fought so fiercely in General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia that they, and eventually all other Louisiana troops, became known as Louisiana Tigers. The schools mascot is Mike the Tiger and the school colors are royal purple. Keeping with the French/Cajun character of South Louisiana, LSU support can be seen by its spelling of Go Tigers as Geaux Tigers. LSU sponsors teams in nine mens and twelve womens NCAA sanctioned sports,43 were bestowed by the NCAA, as the NCAA does not award college football national championships at the Division I FBS level. LSU ranks in a tie for sixth all-time in total NCAA championships, ^ The NCAA does not award a national championship in Division I FBS football. Instead, polls were used to determine national champions, in this case, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, the two biggest selectors at the time, awarded LSU the national championship. This championship is not recognized by the NCAA because the championship was won without participating in an NCAA recognized event or tournament, ^^ The NCAA does not award a national championship in Division I-FBS football. In 1998 major Division I-FBS conferences came together to create the Bowl Championship Series in an effort to establish a legitimate national champion. LSU won the 2003 BCS national championship and the 2007 BCS national championship and these championships are not recognized by the NCAA because the championships were won without participating in an NCAA recognized event or tournament
25.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
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The Notre Dame Fighting Irish are the varsity sports teams of the University of Notre Dame. The Fighting Irish participate in 23 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I intercollegiate sports, the Fighting Irish participate in the NCAAs Division I in all sports, with many teams competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference. Notre Dame is one of only 15 universities in the United States that plays Division I FBS football, the school colors are Gold and Blue and the mascot is the Leprechaun. Just exactly where the moniker Fighting Irish came from is a matter of much debate, one possibility is that the nickname is inherited from Irish immigrant soldiers who fought in the Civil War with the Unions Irish Brigade. Notre Dames claim to the nickname would seem to come from the presence of Fr, william Corby, CSC, the third president of Notre Dame, who was at the Battle of Gettysburg. Corby served as chaplain of the Irish Brigade and granted general absolution to the troops in the midst of the battle and this is commemorated in the painting Absolution Under Fire, part of Notre Dames permanent art collection. A print of the painting The Original Fighting Irish by former Fighting Irish lacrosse player Revere La Noue is on permanent display at Notre Dames Arlotta Stadium. The athletes and teams at Notre Dame, now known as the Fighting Irish, were known by many different unofficial nicknames throughout the late 19th, during the Knute Rockne football era, Notre Dame had several unofficial nicknames, among them the Rovers and the Ramblers. These names reflected the teams propensity to travel the nation to play its football contests, later, Notre Dame was known unofficially as the Terriers, after the Irish breed of the dog, and for some years, an Irish Terrier would be found on the ND football sidelines. He was given amnesty, elected to Parliament and arrested by the English again and he escaped and slipped off to America to avoid recapture. Barnstorming the country, the president of Ireland was welcomed as a hero at Notre Dame on October 15,1919. Accounts in Scholastic, a student publication, indicate that his visit tilted campus opinion in favor of the Fighting Irish moniker — though not completely. De Valera planted a tree of liberty as a memorial of his visit — only to have it uprooted a week later, there are several other legends of how Notre Dame came to be the Fighting Irish. One story suggests the moniker was born in 1899 during a game between Notre Dame and Northwestern, the Fighting Irish were leading 5–0 at halftime when the Wildcat fans began to chant, Kill the Fighting Irish, kill the Fighting Irish, as the second half opened. Another tale has the nickname originating at halftime of the Notre Dame-Michigan game in 1909, with his team trailing, one Notre Dame player yelled to his teammates —who had names like Dolan, Kelly, Donnelly, Glynn, Duffy, and Ryan— Whats the matter with you guys. Youre all Irish and youre not fighting worth a lick, Notre Dame came back to win the game, and the press, after overhearing the remark, reported the game as a victory for the Fighting Irish. Notre Dame sanctions 23 varsity sports,11 mens teams,11 womens teams, co-ed sports Fencing Notre Dame was a member of the old Big East Conference until 2013. It is currently a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference in all sports except for the following, Football, Mens hockey competes in Hockey East
26.
Mike Singletary
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Michael Singletary is an American football coach and former professional football player. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1998, Singletary later pursued a career as a coach, first as a linebackers coach for the Baltimore Ravens, then as the linebackers coach for the San Francisco 49ers. Singletary was born in Houston, Texas, the last of ten children and he attended high school at Evan E. Worthing High School in Houston, where he was a star football player. Mike Singletarys father, Charles, was a preacher in Dallas. The family soon settled in Houston, Mike, along with his father, Charles, mother, Rudell, and several brothers and sisters, shared a small wood frame home. Next to their home was a called the Church of God, a church that Charles Singletary built himself. During the week, Mikes father worked as a contractor, tragedy would soon strike the family. Dale Singletary, the third oldest child, died unexpectedly, Dale had been sleeping in a room with James, another brother. Charles Jr. noticed a smell coming from the room. By the time Mike and Charles Jr. were able to break a window, as his relationship with his father drifted, Mikes brother Grady stepped in. Grady filled the void, telling young Mike to stay away from things like drinking beer, Mikes interest in playing football piqued each Sunday, as he would watch the Dallas Cowboys, and idolized players like Roger Staubach, Bob Lilly, and Lee Roy Jordan. Grady, the man who Mike Singletary had looked up at as a figure, was killed in a six car accident caused by a drunk driver. The drunk driver was the one who survived the accident. In ninth grade, Mike was a guard and linebacker. Michael Thomas, Mikes brother-in-law, began to attend all of Mikes games, as Mike became a star for Worthing High School, an all-black high school, Mikes mother became a regular at the football games. Despite early concerns about poor grades affecting Mikes eligibility to play football, after a star career at Worthing, Mike found himself with a scholarship to Baylor University, and would meet the next mentor in his life, Baylor coach Grant Teaff. Singletary attended college at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, during Singletarys senior season of 1980, Baylor won 10 games, marking the first time in school history that had been accomplished. Singletary is the college junior to be selected to the All-Southwest Conference Team of the 1970s
27.
Marty Schottenheimer
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Martin Edward Schottenheimer is a former professional American football player and coach. Over his career, he has served as coach of the Cleveland Browns, Kansas City Chiefs, Washington Redskins. He has the most wins of any NFL coach to never coach a team in a Super Bowl. He was fired from his coaching position with the San Diego Chargers in 2007, after leading the Chargers to a 14–2 regular season record. He later emerged as the coach of the Virginia Destroyers of the United Football League. In 21 years as an NFL head coach, Schottenheimer won 200 regular season games and 5 out of 18 games in the postseason and he is the only coach in NFL history with at least 200 wins that has a losing playoff record. Schottenheimer was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania and he attended high school at Fort Cherry High School in McDonald, Pennsylvania. He signed with the Bills and spent the four seasons with Buffalo, including the Bills 1965 AFL Championship season. Schottenheimer was still with the team during the 1969 preseason and intercepted two passes in a game against the Houston Oilers, some time between the 1969 preseason and regular season, Schottenheimer was sent to the Boston Patriots and spent the next two seasons with the Pats. He was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1971 but was traded again to the Colts before the beginning of the 1971 season and he retired from football in 1971 and spent the next several years working in the real estate industry. Schottenheimer credits his professional playing career as being his inspiration for coaching, Schottenheimer came out of retirement in 1974 to sign with the Portland Storm of the World Football League as a player-coach. He injured his shoulder prior to the start of the season, Schottenheimers professional coaching career began in 1974 when he became linebackers coach for the Portland Storm of the World Football League. In 1975 he was hired as a coach for the NFLs New York Giants. Schottenheimer spent 1978 and 1979 as the coach for the NFLs Detroit Lions. In 1980, he was hired as the coordinator for the Cleveland Browns. The Browns were down 17–16 in the quarter, and lost on an interception in New Englands end zone as time expired. Chants of Goodbye Sam rung out from the stands after the New England game, Browns owner Art Modell called the play-calling inexcusable and fired Rutigliano two weeks later. The 1–7 Browns then went 4–4 under Schottenheimer to finish the season with a 5–11 record, the selection of University of Miami quarterback Bernie Kosar in 1985s supplemental draft ushered in a new, largely successful era for Cleveland
28.
History of the San Diego Chargers
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The Los Angeles Chargers franchise was founded in 1959 as a charter member of the American Football League. The team played the 1960 season in Los Angeles, moving to San Diego in 1961, the Chargers played in San Diego for 56 years. In 2017, the Chargers owner announced a move to Los Angeles, effective with the 2017 season, the Chargers original owner was hotel heir Barron Hilton, son of Hilton Hotels founder Conrad Hilton. Frank Leahy, a former Notre Dame University football coach, was named the teams first general manager, the Chargers initially considered playing at the Rose Bowl, but instead signed a lease to play at the Los Angeles Coliseum. There is also a theory about a man named Gerald Courtney of Hollywood who won an all-expenses-paid trip to Mexico City. They played ten years in the AFL before the merging of the league into the older NFL and their only coach for the ten-year life of the AFL was Sid Gillman, former coach of the NFLs Los Angeles Rams, who originally signed a three-year contract as head coach. Gillman, who was voted to the Hall of Fame, was widely recognized as a great offensive innovator. He also took on the role of coach and general manager after Frank Leahy resigned because of poor health. The early AFL years of the San Diego Chargers were highlighted by the play of wide receiver Lance Alworth with 543 receptions for 10,266 yards in his 11-AFL/NFL-season career. In addition, he set the pro football record of games with a reception during his career. With players such as Alworth, Paul Lowe, Keith Lincoln and John Hadl, the high-scoring Chargers reached the AFL Championship Game five times winning once during that ten-year span. The Chargers spent only one season in L. A. before moving in 1961, on that season, the defense recorded 49 pass interceptions as the AFL played an exciting brand of football featuring strong passing attacks. The Chargers were the originators of the term Fearsome Foursome to describe their all-star defensive line, anchored by Earl Faison, the phrase was later appropriated by various NFL teams. Houston defeated the Chargers 10–3 before 29,556 persons in Balboa Stadium to win the second AFL championship. The next year, the Chargers stumbled to a 4-10 record, as of 2016, this was the last professional sports championship for the city of San Diego. In 1964, the AFL teams signed a television contract with National Broadcasting Company for a record $36 million. The Chargers and New York Jets tied 17-17 before a record AFL crowd of 50,222 fans,46,828 paid in New Yorks Shea Stadium, a Balboa Stadium attendance record of 34,865 was set as Buffalo defeated San Diego 27-24 on Thanksgiving Day. The Chargers defeated the Jets 38-3 before 25,753 persons in Balboa Stadium to clinch their fourth AFL West title in five years, in 1965, San Diego won their fifth AFL West title in six years by defeating Houston on December 12 by the score of 37-26
29.
Indianapolis Colts
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The Indianapolis Colts are an American football team based in Indianapolis. The Colts compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues American Football Conference South division. Since the 2008 season, the Colts have played their games in Lucas Oil Stadium, previously, the team had played for over two decades at the RCA Dome. Since 1986, the Colts have been the host team for the NFL Scouting Combine, the Colts have been a member club of the NFL since their founding in 1953 in Baltimore. The Colts were one of three NFL teams to join the teams of the American Football League to form the AFC following the 1970 merger. While in Baltimore, the team advanced to the playoffs 10 times, the Colts played in two Super Bowl games while it was based in Baltimore, losing to the New York Jets in Super Bowl III, while defeating the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl V. The Colts relocated to Indianapolis in 1984 and have appeared in the playoffs 16 times. Following World War II, a professional football league was organized known as the All America Football Conference which began play in the 1946 season. These Colts played for the three seasons in the old AAFC. With the organization in 1920 of the original American Professional Football Conference, the NFL considers the Texans and Colts to be separate teams, although many of the earlier teams shared the same colors of blue and white. Thus, the Indianapolis Colts are legally considered to be a 1953 expansion team, the third version of the Colts football team played their first season in Baltimore in 1953, where the team compiled a 3–9 record under first year head coach Keith Molesworth. The franchise struggled during the first few years in Baltimore, with the team not achieving their first winning record until the 1957 season. The Colts faced the New York Giants in the 1958 NFL Championship Game in what is considered to be among the greatest contests in professional football history. The Colts defeated the Giants 23–17 in the first game ever to utilize the overtime rule, a game seen by 45 million people. Following the two championships in 1958 and 1959, the Colts did not return to the NFL Championship for four seasons, in Shulas second season the Colts compiled a 12–2 record, but lost to the Cleveland Browns in the NFL Championship. However, in 1968 the Colts returned with the leadership of Unitas and Shula and went on to win the Colts third NFL Championship. The Colts, however, were stunned by the Jets, who won the game 16–7 in the first Super Bowl victory for the young AFL. The Colts immediately went on a rampage in the new league, as new head coach Don McCafferty led the 1970 team to an 11–2–1 regular season record, winning the AFC East title
30.
The Virginian-Pilot
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The Virginian-Pilot is a daily newspaper based in Norfolk, Virginia. Commonly known as The Pilot, it is Virginias largest daily and it serves the five cities of South Hampton Roads as well as several smaller towns across southeast Virginia and northeast North Carolina. It has been a locally owned, family enterprise since its founding in 1865, the Virginian-Pilot and its sister afternoon edition, the Ledger-Star were created by Samuel L. Slover as the result of several mergers of papers dating back to 1868. The Virginian-Pilot covered the Wright brothers early flights, slovers nephew Frank Batten Sr. became publisher at age 27 in 1954. In the 1929, editor Louis Jaffe received the Virginian-Pilots first Pulitzer Prize, Jaffe mentored the papers next editor, Lenoir Chambers, who in 1960 received the papers second Pulitzer for his editorials on desegregation. The paper was one of the few in Virginia to publicly support the end of Jim Crow, Frank Batten Jr. became publisher in 1991 and expanded on digitizing the paper. In 1993 The Virginian-Pilot was one of the first newspapers in the country to launch a sister website, Batten Jr. stepped down as the papers publisher, becoming Landmark Communications Chairman and CEO. Dee Carpenter became publisher in 1995, followed by Bruce Bradley in 2005, Maurice Jones in 2008, David Mele in 2012, the papers offices remains in their original downtown Norfolk headquarters on Brambleton Avenue, where it has been based since 1937. The paper operates satellite offices in Virginia Beach, Suffolk, Portsmouth, and Chesapeake, the papers printing facility, once located also in the downtown Norfolk headquarters, is in Virginia Beach. A January 3,2008, report suggested a sale of The Virginian-Pilots parent company. In October 2008 Landmarks vice chairman said the company was continuing negotiations to sell the newspaper, after much debate, The Virginian-Pilot was taken off of the selling block. As of December,2014, the Pilots single copy prices are, $1.00 Daily, list of newspapers in Virginia The Virginian-Pilot
31.
Omaha Nighthawks
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The Omaha Nighthawks were a professional American football team based in Omaha, Nebraska, which played in the United Football League, joining the league as an expansion team in 2010. During their first season, the Nighthawks played their games at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium before moving to TD Ameritrade Park Omaha for 2011. Zach Nelson, CEO of Internet software provider NetSuite, was announced as lead owner in August 2010, on April 15,2010, Omaha was granted an expansion team in the UFL, with former Boston College coach Jeff Jagodzinski being named the teams head coach. The team allowed fans to name the new team by either writing in a name or choosing from a preselected list, the Nighthawks name was officially unveiled on May 5,2010 and won based on a strong write-in campaign. It was partially derived from the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, the stealth fighter used in the United States Air Force. On November 19, the Omaha Nighthawks played Florida in the UFLs first alternate uniform, on January 3,2011, Jagodzinski was fired by the Nighthawks. Omaha chose to not renew his contract for the 2011 season as he led the Nighthawks to four losses to close out the season at 3–5. Just nine days later, Joe Moglia was named team president and he was previously announced as the head coach for the expansion Virginia Destroyers. Moglia departed the head coaching position with the Nighthawks in December 2011 to take the coaching position at Coastal Carolina University. General manager Rick Mueller departed for the Philadelphia Eagles in January 2012, for the 2012 season, all UFL games are slated to be broadcast by CBS Sports Network. The league never resumed in spring of 2013, in March 2013 seventy-eight players have filed suit against the league
32.
WVEC
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WVEC, channel 13, is a television station licensed to Hampton, Virginia, USA, serving as the ABC affiliate for the Hampton Roads area, and portions of the Outer Banks region of North Carolina. WVEC is owned by Tegna, Inc, WVEC has its studios located in Norfolk and transmitter based in the Driver neighborhood of Suffolk, Virginia. The station began operations on September 19,1953, on UHF channel 15 as an NBC affiliate and it was co-owned originally by Hampton businessman Thomas P. Chisman and several other stockholders, along with WVEC radio. The station switched affiliations to ABC in 1959, when WAVY-TV took the NBC affiliation two years after signing on, during the late 1950s, WVEC-TV was also briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network. In those days, UHF stations were not as successful as VHF stations, so on November 13,1959, WVEC-TV moved to its current location on VHF channel 13. Two years later, the channel 15 position would be occupied by current PBS affiliate WHRO-TV, in 1980, Chisman sold the station to Corinthian Broadcasting, a unit of Dun & Bradstreet. At the time of the sale, it was the last locally owned and operated Big Three station in Hampton Roads, four years later, Dun sold Corinthian to Belo, which owned the Dallas Morning News and WFAA-TV in its home city. In 1997, WVEC launched LNC4, a 24-hour local cable television channel, featuring repeats of WVEC newscasts. It was carried by Cox Communications on channel 5 within Hampton Roads, pilot 13-News at 10 ceased production on January 30,2009, however, the partnership with the Virginian-Pilot is expected to continue on a lesser level. LNC5 was closed on December 31,2010, on January 12,2008, WVEC started producing local newscasts in digital widescreen 16x9. Though not truly high definition, the digital widescreen broadcasts were rescanned and up-converted from standard definition to 1080i before transmission to match the ratio of HD television screens, on June 13,2013, the Gannett Company announced that it would acquire Belo. The sale was completed on December 23, later on in August 2014, Gannett announced it would split its broadcast and digital holdings into a new company, Tegna, the split became official on June 29,2015. WVEC was retained by the latter company, the stations digital channel is multiplexed On November 8,2010, WVEC added ABCs Live Well Network on channel 13.2. On January 23,2013, WVEC added MeTV to a new subchannel,13.3, on January 20,2015, WVEC removed Live Well Network and replaced it with the new Justice Network. WVEC discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 13, on June 12,2009, the stations digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 41 to VHF channel 13. There is one low-powered translator of WVEC that is located in the Eastern Shore of Virginia and is municipally-owned by Accomack County rather than Gannett, WVEC and Tegna Media does not own and operate any translators in the Greater Hampton Roads area. The campaign was revamped in September 1992 with a new logo, WVEC originally dropped it in 1996 and replaced it with another slogan, Working for You. The Spirit of Hampton Roads would finally return in 2003 on New Years Eve, WVEC phased out the Spirit image for the second time in 2008
