1.
Metro Ligero
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The Metro Ligero de Madrid is a light rail tram system in Madrid, Spain. It has three lines, totaling 27.8 kilometres, and 37 stations, Line ML-1 opened between Pinar de Chamartín and Las Tablas on May 24,2007, with 5.4 kilometres and nine stations, five of which are underground. Both termini offer connections to lines of the Madrid Metro, the only above-ground stations are Antonio Saura, Álvarez de Villaamil, Palas del Rey, and Las Tablas. Line ML-1 serves the new neighbourhoods of Sanchinarro and Las Tablas, Line ML-2 opened on July 27,2007, between Colonia Jardín and Estación de Aravaca in the neighbourhood of Aravaca, in the western communities of Boadilla del Monte and Pozuelo de Alarcón. It is 8.7 kilometres long and has 13 stations and they are Colonia Jardín, Somosaguas Sur, and Avenida de Europa. Line ML-2 also serves the Complutense University of Madrid, as part of the project, provision has been made for a future station at Prado de las Bodegas, which is subject to further development. The station will provide a connection to the planned Metro Ligero Line ML-4. Line ML-3 also opened on July 27,2007, between Colonia Jardín and Puerta de Boadilla, with 13.7 kilometres and 15 stations, the two are Colonia Jardín and Montepríncipe. Line ML-3 serves Ciudad de la Imagen, an employment centre with an audiovisual theme, the first 50 to 75 metres of track are shared with Line ML-2. As with Line ML-2, Line ML-3 serves the suburbs of Madrid. Both lines are in a fare zone designated as Metro Ligero Oeste. Provision has been made for three stations on the line, Retamares Oeste, Ciudad Financiera Este, and Ciudad Financiera Oeste. None of the three are scheduled to open until further development takes place, a new Metro Ligero line, Line ML-4, is proposed from the new station Prado de las Bodegas on Line ML-2 to Estación de Las Rozas, with a connection to Cercanías trains. The line would serve the Hospital Puerta de Hierro, construction of the 14.3 km,24 station route is currently underway. A tramway is proposed for the southern suburb of Valdemoro, which would connect the Cercanías railway station. Both were expected to open by 2011, lines ML-2 and ML-3 are expected to be extended from Colonia Jardín to Aluche by 2020. The three Metro Ligero lines are operated by a fleet of 70 low-floor Citadis model 302 trams, unlike the Madrid Metro, trams operate on the right. The trams have a speed of 70 km/h and are capable of carrying 200 passengers,54 seated
2.
Renfe Operadora
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The name Renfe is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network, RENFE created on 24 January 1941 with the nationalisation of Spains railways. As per EU Directive 91/440, RENFE was divided into Renfe-Operadora, the Railway Sector Act,2003 separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. Renfe Operadora inherited the management model of the units of the old RENFE. However, control of some Cercanías services were transferred to Spains Autonomous communities, dirección General de Servicios de Larga Distancia, responsible for long-distance intercity and high-speed rail services. Dirección General de Servicios de Mercancías y Logística, responsible for freight services, the company operates some 12,000 km of railways,7,000 km of them electrified. The newer high-speed network has been built to the standard gauge of 1,435 mm in anticipation of its eventual connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the 1,435 mm gauge is generally termed European gauge in Spain, the Spanish high-speed system is called AVE. The logo incorporates a feature which resembles a bird, the high-speed lines are built to the standard European gauge. Construction of the rail line between Madrid and Seville began in 1988 and operation commenced in 1991. Train speed on the Seville line is 300 km/h, the second high-speed rail line was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing at 06,00 on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is 350 km/h, the greater part of the line was placed into service on 11 October 2003, with connection to Huesca from Zaragoza. The third high-speed line was opened in November 2005, followed by the spur from Córdoba to Málaga as far as Antequera in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid to Valladolid was opened in 2007, the line from Madrid to Valencia was opened in 2010, a line to Lisbon is being designed. Other lines operated by Renfe include Euromed, a line between Barcelona and Valencia. In addition to intercity transport, Renfe operates commuter train systems, known as Cercanías, in metropolitan areas, including Madrid. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other railway operators. Renfe Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions, All classes are designated by three numbers, federación Castellano Manchega de Amigos del Ferrocarril Renfes official website
3.
Madrid Atocha railway station
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Madrid Atocha is the largest railway station in Madrid. It is the station serving commuter trains, intercity and regional trains from the south. These train services are run by the Spanish national rail company, from 2014, this station is connected everyday to Marseille in France. The station is in the Atocha neighborhood of the district of Arganzuela, at this site, Madrids first railway station was inaugurated on 9 February 1851 under the name Estación de Mediodía. After the building was destroyed by fire, it was rebuilt. The architect for the replacement, in a wrought iron style was Alberto de Palacio Elissagne. Engineer Henry Saint James also took part in the project, the name Atocha has become attached to the station because of the nearby basilica dedicated to Our Lady of Atocha. The train platforms were covered by a roof in the form of inverted hull with a height of approximately 27 meters. The steel and glass roof spreads between two flanking buildings. This complex of railway tracks expanded through the years, in 1985, a project of complete remodeling began, based on designs by Rafael Moneo. In 1992, the building was taken out of service as a terminal, and converted into a concourse with shops, cafés. Like the Orsay Museum in Paris, the concourse has been given a new function, a modern terminal was also designed by Moneo, and built in adjacent land to serve both the new AVE trains and local commuter lines. The main lines end in the new terminal, commuter train platforms are located underground, the station is served by two Madrid Metro stations, Atocha and Atocha Renfe. The latter was added when the new building was constructed and is directly linked to the railway station. On 11 March 2004, packed arriving commuter trains were bombed in a series of coordinated bombings, killing 191 people, the official investigation by the Spanish Judiciary determined the attacks were directed by a terrorist cell. On 10 June 2004, a somber and minimalist Atocha station memorial was dedicated for the victims of the Attack, the monument includes a virtual shrine. Visitors to the stations can leave a hand silhouette and a message through special-purpose consoles. A second monument to this event, known as 11-M in Spain, is the Bosque del Recuerdo in the Parque del Buen Retiro near Atocha
4.
Line 2 (Madrid Metro)
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Line 2 of the Madrid Metro was opened on 11 June 1924 between Sol and Ventas. It was later extended from Sol to Quevedo on 27 December 1925, in 1932, a branch from Goya to Diego de León was added. This branch was transferred to Line 4 in 1958, in 1964 the line was extended from Ventas to Ciudad Lineal, though it was really the first part of Line 5, transferred to the latter in 1970. Later, Canal Station was added between Quevedo and Cuatro Caminos to provide interchange with the extended line 7 on 16 October 1998. On 16 February 2007 the line was extended from Ventas to La Elipa, and in the future station will provide interchange with Line 11. Finally, on 16 March 2011, the line was extended from La Elipa to Las Rosas, Line 2 uses four-car trains of class 3400 since summer 2007
5.
Line 10 (Madrid Metro)
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In the 1990s, Madrid planned for these two lines to become one, but there was a problem. Line 8 was large profile and Line S was Small profile, so Madrid decided it was going to rebuild the Suburbano section to fit large profile rolling stock, during this process, all island platforms were demolished, tunnels were widened, platforms cut back and stations modernised. Also a new section between Alonso Martinez and Nuevos Ministerios had to be built, with a station at Gregorio Marañón. Finally once this was all finished, the line could use large rolling stock. The section between Casa de Campo and Aluche was handed over to line 5 which now terminates at Casa de Campo, on 11 April 2003, Line 10 was extended to Puerta del Sur where it meets Line 12. The last two stations on this extension are in fact outside Madrid and in the town of Alcorcón, joaquín Vilumbrales is also unique to this line and it is one of the few stations to have an island platform instead of side platforms. On the 22 December 2006, Aviación Española was opened on the line between Colonia Jardín and Cuatro Vientos. This station was opened to serve the nearby Aircraft Museum, which the station is named after, on 26 April 2007, the line was extended north from Fuencarral to Hospital del Norte. The station after Fuencarral, Tres Olivos is a station between the regular Line 10A, and Line 10B, which is the part between Tres Olivos and Hospital Infanta Sofía. The line links the towns of Alcobendas and San Sebastián de los Reyes with Madrid, proposed plans for Line 10 include the building of a new station between Colonia Jardín and Aviación Española called Dario Gazapo. Also there are plans to extend the line from Puerta del Sur to Mostoles Central, however this is unlikely because Metro Sur already reaches Mostoles from Puerta Del Sur, but via Alcorcón. Line 10A uses 6-car trains of class 7000, and line 10B uses 3 car trains of class 9000
6.
Sol (Madrid Metro)
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Sol is a station on Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in Zone A and is the most central station on the Metro, thanks to its position, it is one of the busiest stations of Madrid Metro. Line 1 station became operational in 1919 with the opening of the first section of the Madrid Metro between Sol and Cuatro Caminos, the station of Line 2 was opened in 1924, it was built above the Line 1 station and perpendicular to it. The station of Line 3 was opened in 1936, located roughly at the level as the Line 1 station. Interestingly the first sections of the first three lines opened included Sol station, in the 1960s platforms on the Line 1 were enlarged from 60 to 90 m, but bad condition of the foundations of the surface buildings prevented doing that on both platforms in parallel. So one of the platforms was expanded to the north and another one to the south, between 2004 and 2006, Line 3 platforms were also extended from 60 to 90 m, this time they are completely parallel. At the same time elevators installation began, that access to lines 2 and 3. At present, the station has four entrances, which, given the number of travelers. Its interior features a central room with decorated ceiling, where are several shops. On 13 March 2012 Sol station was renamed as Sol Station Galaxy Note for a 1-month contract sponsorship by the company Samsung advertising its mobile device and it was a pilot project of naming rights sale to finance public transportation. From June 1,2013 to May 31,2016, for sponsorship reasons, in 2004 work began to connect the station to the Cercanías Madrid network, digging tunnel Atocha-Chamartín, alternative to previously built one. This tunnel was opened to the public on July 9,2008, the works suffered a 6 months break in 2006 due to discovery of archaeological remains, so the work of the station was considerably delayed with respect to the whole tunnel. From June 25 to July 23 of 2008 Line 2 was temporarily interrupted due to construction of the Cercanías station nearby, Line 1 service was interrupted from August to 4 September 2008, too
7.
Line 5 (Madrid Metro)
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On 28 May 1980 the line was extended from Ciudad Lineal to Canillejas. On the 27 October 1999, Eugenia de Montijo station was added between Aluche and Carabanchel, the station is on the tunnel mouth of the line and is therefore overground. The mostly overground section between Aluche and Casa de Campo was handed over to Line 5 after Line 10 was extended south from Casa de Campo on 22 May 2002, on 24 November 2006, a two stop extension from Canillejas to Alameda de Osuna was opened. A unique feature of Line 5 is that it carries the only above ground island platform at Aluche, and it is the station were the metro is above the Cercanías. Line 5 uses 6-car trains of mainly class 2000B, however there are a few class 2000As running on the line and it was the last line built in a narrow profile and gauge
