1.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
2.
Transport Canada
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Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing regulations, policies and services of transportation in Canada. It is part of the Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities portfolio, the current Minister of Transport is Marc Garneau. Transport Canada has its offices in Ottawa, Ontario, the Department of Transport was created in 1935 by the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King in recognition of the changing transportation environment in Canada at the time. He created a National Harbours Board and Trans-Canada Air Lines, the Department of Transport Act came into force November 2,1936. Transport Canada emerged from this process as a department focused on policy, in 2004, Transport Canada introduced non-passenger screening to enhance both airport and civil aviation security. Transport Canadas headquarters are located in Ottawa, at Place de Ville, each inspector with delegated power from the Minister of Transport receives official credentials to exercise their power, as shown on the right. These inspectors are public officers identified within the Criminal Code of Canada, the Motor Vehicle Safety Act was established in 1971 in order to create safety standards for cars in Canada. The department also acts as the governments funding partner with provincial transport ministries on jointly-funded provincial transportation infrastructure projects for new highways. On June 26,2013, the Fair Rail Freight Service Act became law which was a response to the Rail Freight Service Review’s Final Report, Transport Canada is responsible for the waterways inside and surrounding Canada. As was certain regulatory aspects of Emergency Response Transport Canadas role in aviation seems to be the most detailed, until 1996, Transport Canada was responsible for both regulation of aviation and the operation of air traffic services, as well as the operation of most major airports. This change was controversial because NAV CANADA began charging for services that were funded through general tax revenue. In 2005, the United States was discussing a similar delegation of the FAAs air traffic services to a government corporation. During the 1990s, Transport Canada also began privatizing the operation of large airports, in 2003, Transport Canada launched its Electronic Collection of Air Transportation Statistics program to collect passenger and cargo data in real-time from air carriers flying in Canada. ECATS will expand into the field of aviation during 2008. Transport Canada also collects data on all accidents and incidents, no matter how minor, Transport Canada continues to be responsible for licensing pilots and other aviation specialists as well as registering and inspecting aircraft. It is also responsible for the safety certification and continuous safety oversight of most forms of commercial operations, the Canadian Aviation Regulations are also under Transport Canada control. Transport Canadas Civil Aviation Directorate or is Canadas civil aviation authority and it existed since 1936 when civil aviation was transferred from the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence. de Havilland Canada Dash 7-150IR. In September 2009, the CBCs Fifth Estate produced a report Riding on Risk, the story was sparked by a lost memory stick which was found by a journalism student
3.
Port Perry
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Port Perry is a community located in Scugog Township in Durham Regional Municipality, Ontario, Canada. The town is located northeast of Toronto and just north of Oshawa, due to its location in the Greater Toronto Area, many residents will commute to Toronto for work on a daily basis. Port Perry has a population of 8,891 as of 2011, Port Perry serves as the administrative and commercial centre for the Township of Scugog. The town is home to a 24-bed hospital, Scugog Townships municipal offices, Port Perry serves as a hub for many small communities in the Scugog area, such as Greenbank, Raglan, Caesarea, Blackstock and Nestleton/Nestleton Station. The Great Blue Heron Charitable Casino is a major employer, located at the basin of the Trent-Severn Waterways is Lake Scugog, one of Ontarios largest man-made lakes. The area around Port Perry was first surveyed as part of Reach Township by Major S. Wilmot in 1809, the first settler in the area was Reuben Crandell, a United Empire Loyalist who built a homestead with his wife in May 1821. Their original home is still in use and can be seen on King Street between Prince Albert and Manchester, in November 1821, Lucy Ann Crandell became the first child of European descent born in the area. In 1831, Crandell and his moved to a homestead at what became Crandells Corners. It had its own Post Office, near the junction of Queen Street. Settler Peter Perry laid out lots on the shore of Lake Scugog in 1848 on the site of a former native village known as Scugog Village. The townsite was named Port Perry in 1852 and its first Postmaster was Joseph Bigelow and it was incorporated as a village in 1871. At the time there was a rivalry between Port Perry and two nearby towns, Prince Albert and Manchester. Expecting great things for his town, Peter Perry predicted that goats would eat grass off of Prince Alberts main street, at the time, Prince Albert sat astride a planked toll road running south to Whitby. Grain and lumber from areas throughout the area south-east of Lake Simcoe fed through Prince Albert, Perry and others in Port Perry felt a railway was a much better option, and Perrys prediction would eventually come true. A group of businessmen started the process of bringing the railway to the town in 1867. Businesses quickly moved out of Prince Albert and moved to Port Perry, the Port Perry Granary still stands as a tall sentinel on the shores of Lake Scugog and proud of being Canadas oldest grain elevator outlasting numerous fires and modern day demolition. The village was amalgamated with Cartwright, Reach and Scugog Townships to form the Township of Scugog in 1974 upon the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham, an Ontario Historical Plaque was erected at the Scugog Shores Museum by the province to commemorate Amber Currys role in Ontarios heritage. Port Perry is known as a tourist destination in the area for its picturesque, Victorian-era downtown, with clothing stores, restaurants, cafés, bookstores, galleries
4.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
5.
Voisey's Bay Mine
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Voiseys Bay Mine is a nickel mine in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, near the bay of the same name. A large nickel deposit was discovered in the hills along the shore of Potato Island in September 1993 by Archean Inc. a prospecting firm hired by Diamond Fields Resources Inc. This deposit is considered to be one of the most substantial mineral discoveries in Canada in the last 40 years and is estimated to contain 141 million tonnes at 1. 6% nickel. Currently the mining rights for the Voiseys Bay nickel deposit belong to the Toronto-headquartered Vale Inco company, the bulk carrier ship Umiak I was built to transport ore from the mine. Since the discovery of the Voiseys Bay deposit, efforts have increased to find similar deposits in coastal Labrador. At present, workers at Voiseys Bay are flown in, via Voiseys Bay Aerodrome, from other communities in the province, there are no current plans to build a permanent settlement at Voisey. Workers at the site went on strike in the summer of 2006, a core issue in the dispute was pay equity with workers at Vale Incos facilities in Greater Sudbury, Port Colborne and Thompson. The profits from Sudbury and Thompson would be reinvested in developing new mining sites in those communities
6.
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly province of Canada. Situated in the countrys Atlantic region, it comprises the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador to the northwest, in 2013, the provinces population was estimated at 526,702. About 92% of the population lives on the island of Newfoundland. The province is Canadas most linguistically homogeneous, with 97. 6% of residents reporting English as their mother tongue in the 2006 census, historically, Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish, as well as the extinct Beothuk language. In Labrador, local dialects of Innu-aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken, Newfoundland and Labradors capital and largest city, St. Johns, is Canadas 20th-largest census metropolitan area and is home to almost 40 percent of the provinces population. St. Johns is the seat of government, home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the highest court in the jurisdiction and it became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31,1949, as Newfoundland. On December 6,2001, an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the official name to Newfoundland. The name Newfoundland is a translation of the Portuguese Terra Nova, the influence of early Portuguese exploration is also reflected in the name of Labrador, which derives from the surname of the Portuguese navigator João Fernandes Lavrador. Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly province in Canada, and is located at the corner of North America. The Strait of Belle Isle separates the province into two divisions, Labrador, which is a large area of mainland Canada, and Newfoundland. The province also includes over 7,000 tiny islands, each side is about 400 km long, and its area is 108,860 km2. Newfoundland and its small islands have a total area of 111,390 km2. Newfoundland extends between latitudes 46°36′N and 51°38′N, Labrador is an irregular shape, the western part of its border with Quebec is the drainage divide of the Labrador Peninsula. Lands drained by rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean are part of Labrador, most of Labradors southern boundary with Quebec follows the 52nd parallel of latitude. Labradors extreme northern tip, at 60°22′N, shares a border with Nunavut. Together, Newfoundland and Labrador make up 4. 06% of Canadas area, Labrador is the easternmost part of the Canadian Shield, a vast area of ancient metamorphic rock comprising much of northeastern North America. Colliding tectonic plates have shaped much of the geology of Newfoundland, gros Morne National Park has a reputation as an outstanding example of tectonics at work, and as such has been designated a World Heritage Site. The Long Range Mountains on Newfoundlands west coast are the northeasternmost extension of the Appalachian Mountains, the north-south extent of the province, prevalent westerly winds, cold ocean currents and local factors such as mountains and coastline combine to create the various climates of the province
7.
Val-d'Or
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Val-dOr is a city in Quebec, Canada with a population of 31,862 inhabitants according to the Canada 2011 Census. The city is located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region near La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve, Gold was discovered in the area in 1923. The name of the town is French for Valley of Gold, while gold is still mined in the area today, base metals, such as copper, zinc, and lead have become increasingly important resources. The ore is found in volcanic rocks that were deposited on the sea floor over 2.7 billion years ago. They are referred to as volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, the city is known for its vast parks, cycle tracks, and forests. Some other attractions include the City of Gold and the village of Bourlamaque. The city hosted the Quebec Games in 1987, the local hockey team, the Val-dOr Foreurs, have played in the QMJHL since 1993, winning the league championship in 1998,2001 and 2014 to claim a spot in the Memorial Cup. They play at Centre Air Creebec, the Foreurs mascot is called Dynamit, named after dynamite which was extensively used by the mining industry of Val-dOr. Val-dOr was once home to CFS Val-dOr, a Canadian Forces Station, in the municipal reorganizations of January 1,2002, Val-dOr was merged with the neighbouring municipalities of Dubuisson, Sullivan, Val-Senneville and Vassan. Population, Population in 2011,31,8622006 to 2011 population change, +2. 4% French only,67. 8% French, the only nominal exceptions are the cities separate NRJ stations, although at present even these stations share the majority of their broadcast schedule. Val-dOr Airport is served by several airlines, Air Creebec, a regional airline, has its headquarters in Val-dOr. Val-dOrs proximity to the Abitibi gold belt has made it a gold producer. Re-opened a lithium mine which had operated as a mine from 1955–65. The mine is about 60 kilometres north of Val dOr,38 kilometres southeast of Amos, access to the mine is via paved road from Val dOr. Val-d’Or is situated on the Canadian Shield at an elevation of 1100 feet above sea level, although its name refers to a valley, the city is actually situated on a vast, slightly undulating plain. Val-dOr has a continental climate that closely borders on a subarctic climate. Winters are cold and snowy with a January mean of −17.4 °C, there are 18.4 days were the temperature will fall below −30 °C although with the wind chill factored in, it can occasionally drop below −40 °C. Snowfall totals are heavy, averaging 288 centimetres with reliable snow cover from November to April
8.
Quebec
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Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
9.
Fergus, Ontario
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Fergusis the largest community in Centre Wellington, a township within Wellington County in Ontario, Canada. It lies on the Grand River about 25 km north of Guelph, the population of this community at the time of the 2016 Census was 20,767, but the community is growing as new homes are being built for sale at relatively affordable prices. The first settlers to this area were freed slaves who formed what was known as the Pierpoint Settlement, named after their leader, along with a half dozen other men, Pierpoint was granted land in Garafraxa Township somewhere around what is now Scotland Street in Fergus. In 1833, just 500m from the Pierpoint settlement, Little Falls was established by Adam Fergusson, along with fellow Scot James Webster, he purchased 28 km² of uncleared land in Nichol Township and laid out the settlement initially called Little Falls. Fergusson and Webster moved to area in 1833 and were lawyers by profession. Webster supervised the early development. The first house was built in 1833, a hotel was built in 1844 and in 1835, Fergusson was also a founder of the first curling club in Ontario in 1834 which is still active today. Webster was a leader in developing the town, clearing land for farming and starting a mill, alexander Dingwall Fordyce joined Webster and Fergusson and the three were the primary community leaders. They and other Scots living in the settlement established an economy using the waterfalls on the Grand River to power local industry. They built solid stone houses, factories and other buildings which still characterize Fergus, many of the buildings from the 1800s are still in use today. Until approximately 1850, a policy of restricted growth was implemented. Because Fergusson, Webster and some other Scottish emigrants owned the land, however, in order to accommodate Irish settlers, Webster founded the town of Arthur in 1840. Fergus was incorporated as the “Village of Fergus” in 1858, the original name for the settlement, Little Falls, was because of the scenic falls, now between the Public Library and the Fergus Market. The settlements name was changed to one of its founders. Other names that Fergus have been known as include Nichol Township, Aboyne, Garafraxa Township, on November 29,1890, electricity became available in the village through the efforts of Dr. Abraham Groves. More extensive provision of power, by Ontario Hydro, began in 1914, the first library, built with a Carnegie grant, opened in 1911 and is in the register of Canadas Historic Places. In 1953, the village was incorporated as the “Town of Fergus”, in 1877, the County opened the Wellington County House of Industry and Refuge, or Poorhouse as it was called, on Wellington Road 18 between Fergus and Elora. Over the years, approximately 1500 deserving poor, including those who were destitute, old, others worked in the House itself
10.
Vegreville
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Vegreville /ˈvɛɡrəvɪl/ is a town in central Alberta, Canada located on Highway 16A approximately 103 km east of Edmonton, Albertas capital city. It was incorporated as a town in 1906, and that also saw the founding of the Vegreville Observer. A large percentage of Vegrevilles population is of Ukrainian Canadian descent, Vegreville experiences a humid continental climate. With a land area of 14.08 km2, it had a density of 405. 4/km2 in 2016. The Town of Vegrevilles 2012 municipal census counted a population of 5,758, a 1. 3% decrease over its 2010 municipal census population of 5,834. In the 2011 Census, the Town of Vegreville had a population of 5,717 living in 2,429 of its 2,680 total dwellings, with a land area of 13.92 km2, it had a population density of 410. 7/km2 in 2011. The primary economic base of the town is agricultural, the Annual Pysanka Festival Occurs during the first weekend of July, being founded in 1973. To promote and afford opportunity for cultural and social activities, to encourage and foster and developed among all people and recognition of the importance of culture to people. To enrich the culture of peoples in Alberta. To foster understanding among all people of the culture of people in Alberta of various national, racial, to provide a meeting place for the consideration and discussion of questions affecting the cultural interests of the community. The festival has hosted different types of performances, including Cheremosh, the Ukrainian Male Chorus of Edmonton. On July 6,2009, the pysanka was one of four featured on the first set of the Canadian Roadside Attractions Series of stamps issued by Canada Post. The town is bisected by Canadian National Railways Vegreville Subdivision, a line connecting Vegreville to Edmonton in the west
11.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
12.
Vermilion, Alberta
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Vermilion is a town in central Alberta, Canada within the County of Vermilion River. It is located at the intersection of Highway 16 and Highway 41 and it was not until 1902 that a significant number of settlers arrived in this area of Alberta, mostly of British ethnic background coming from the east. Just west of Vermilion is the line between British and those of Ukrainian ethnic background having travelled mostly from west, in 1904, a post office was established at Breage approximately 5 km east of the present townsite. In 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived and a station was built, the post office was relocated from Breage. Throughout the days of steam, the railway was important to Vermilion, Vermilion was used as a divisional point. It had a tower to resupply engines, a large roundhouse, an extensive yard, a wye, a turntable. With the decline of power in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In early 1906, Vermilion was incorporated as a village and then as a later in the same year. The name Vermilion comes from the red clay found in the river valley, in fact, one of the first businesses in Vermilion was the brick factory which operated from 1906 until 1914. Some Vermilion buildings built from brick from this factory are still standing, the first newspaper to publish in the Vermilion area was the Vermilion Signal which was founded and edited by William Bleasdell Cameron. Cooper established the Vermilion Standard, which continues to publish to this day, in 1911, the provincial government established three demonstration farms near Olds, Fairview, and just west of the Vermilion townsite. The Vermilion Board of Trade had lobbied the government for a demonstration farm, when the Vermilion School of Agriculture officially opened on November 17,1913, it became the first of the provincial agricultural colleges to open its door. Like other communities on the prairies in the years of the 20th century. Occurring on April 10,1918, the fire destroyed 28 stores, two Vermilion businesses have operated since before the town was incorporated. Craigs, a department store, and Longs, a drugstore, have been at the downtown locations since 1905. In the 1970s, an instructor at the college designed a grain dryer and he established a company, Vertec, to manufacture and market this dryer and eventually a large grain dryer factory was built in Vermilion. For a brief time, Vermilion billed itself as The Grain Dryer Capital of Canada, however, Vertec did not enjoy lasting success and went bankrupt. Today the large factory is a storage facility for agricultural products
13.
Vulcan, Alberta
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Vulcan is a town in the prairies of southern Alberta, Canada, within Vulcan County. It is located on Highway 23, midway between the cities of Calgary and Lethbridge, the population of the town was 1,836 in 2011. Vulcan was named by a surveyor for the Canadian Pacific Railway after the Roman God of Fire – Vulcan, originally, all the streets of Vulcan were named after gods and goddesses of the classical world such as Juno, Mars, and Jupiter. The community was incorporated as a village on December 23,1912, in July 1927, a major tornado destroyed many homes and the new curling rink in the town. That tornado was made famous when a photograph of it approaching Vulcan was used for the article in Encyclopædia Britannica. Vulcan once had nine grain elevators, more than any other location west of Winnipeg, due to the changing economics of the agricultural industry, the original elevators were taken down one by one. Today, Vulcan has only one of the prairie skyscrapers left that once could be miles away. Although not original, this last wooden elevator was built in the 1980s, a British Commonwealth Air Training Plan air force base, RCAF Station Vulcan, was located a few kilometres southwest of the town during the Second World War. Many of the old hangars still exist and the runways can still be seen, Vulcan experiences a dry continental climate with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. With a land area of 6.34 km2, it had a density of 302. 4/km2 in 2016. In the 2011 Census, the Town of Vulcan had a population of 1,836 living in 768 of its 865 total dwellings, with a land area of 6.58 km2, it had a population density of 279. 0/km2 in 2011. The towns economy is tourism and agriculture-based. Wheat, canola and barley are the crops grown in the Vulcan area. Since 1990, Vulcan has hosted the annual Vulcan Tinman Triathlon and this sprint-distance triathlon attracts nearly 1,000 participants. There are classes for adults of all ages and skill levels as well as for teams, the towns name has brought some attention that has helped it become a tourist attraction. In the Star Trek television and feature film series it is the name of the homeworld of the Mr. Spock character, nearby, a replica of the starship Enterprise from Star Trek V has been mounted on a pedestal which includes writing from Trek alien languages like Klingon. The town has also created space-themed murals and signs, and hosts an annual community-wide Star Trek convention known as Spock Days and this convention attracts hundreds of Star Trek fans from around the world. In 2013, the TrekCetera Star Trek museum opened in Vulcan, a plaque commemorates a Star Trek postage stamp issued by Canada Post in 2016, which was unveiled in Vulcan and which features Mr. Spock
14.
Saint Helen's Island
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Saint Helens Island is an island in the Saint Lawrence River, in the territory of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is situated immediately southeast of the Island of Montreal, in the extreme southwest of Quebec and it forms part of the Hochelaga Archipelago. The Le Moyne Channel separates it from Notre Dame Island, Saint Helens Island and Notre Dame Island together make up Parc Jean-Drapeau. It was named in 1611 by Samuel de Champlain in honour of his wife, Hélène de Champlain, the island belonged to the Le Moyne family of Longueuil from 1665 until 1818, when it was purchased by the British government. A fort, powderhouse and blockhouse were built on the island as defences for the city, in 1838 plans were in place by the British Ordnance Department to establish an observatory, but it was moved to Toronto instead. The newly formed Canadian government acquired the island in 1870, it was converted into a park in 1874. The public used it as a beach and swam in the river, in the 1940s, during World War II, Saint Helens Island, along with various other regions within Canada, such as the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean and Hull, Quebec, had Prisoner-of-war camps. St. Helens prison was number forty seven and remained unnamed just like most of Canadas other war prisons, the prisoners of war were sorted and classified into categories including their nationality and civilian or military status. In this camp, POWs were mostly of Italian and German nationality, also, prisoners were forced into hard labour which included farming and lumbering the land. By 1944 the camp would be closed and shortly afterwards destroyed because of a report on the treatment of prisoners. The archipelago of which Saint Helens Island is a part was chosen as the site of Expo 67, in preparation for Expo 67, the island was greatly enlarged and consolidated with several nearby islands, using earth excavated during the construction of the Montreal metro. The nearby island, Notre Dame Island, was built from scratch, after Expo, the site continued to be used as a fairground, now under the name Man and His World or Terre des Hommes. Most of the Expo installations were dismantled and the island was returned to parkland, several important attractions are found on the island, including the Stewart Museum, the La Ronde amusement park, the Biosphere, and an Aquatic Complex that includes three exterior pools. During the summer season, on Sundays, electronic music fans can enjoy live DJs during the Piknic Elektronic event, the island can be accessed by public transit, by car, by bicycle or by foot. The Concordia Bridge links St. Helens Island to Montreals Cité du Havre neighbourhood on the Island of Montreal as well as Notre Dame Island, the island is also accessible via the Jacques Cartier Bridge from both the Island of Montreal and Longueuil on the south shore. The Yellow Line of the Montreal Metro has a stop on St. Helens Island, “Blockhouses in Canada, 1749-1841, a Comparative Report and Catalogue. ”Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History, Canadian Historic Site,1980. Parc Jean-Drapeau Site Internet de la Biosphère - The Biosphères Web Site Sainte-Hélène Island at Expo 67
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Viking, Alberta
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Viking /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/ is a town in central Alberta, Canada. It is located at the intersection of Highway 14 and Highway 36, the town also lends its name to the Viking Formation, an oil bearing stratigraphical unit. Viking was settled in 1909 by Scandinavian settlers, on 7 July 2005, the community ice arena was severely damaged by fire. Construction began on a new arena, called the Viking Carena Complex and was completed on 17 August 2007, Viking celebrated its centennial in 2009. Viking experiences a continental climate. With a land area of 3.7 km2, it had a density of 292. 7/km2 in 2016. In the 2011 Census, the Town of Viking had a population of 1,041 living in 445 of its 473 total dwellings, with a land area of 3.76 km2, it had a population density of 276. 9/km2 in 2011. The majority of activity is in the agriculture, oil and gas, textile. Viking won the national Communities in Bloom contest in 2000, many parks and flower gardens are maintained throughout the town. One of the most notable parks is Troll Park, which celebrates Vikingss rich Scandinavian history with native plants, trolls hidden throughout the park, and a giant troll mountain. The Viking Airport is an airport owned by the Town of Viking 3 miles west of the townsite. As a flag stop, Via Rails The Canadian calls at the Viking railway station three times per week in each direction
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Surrey Memorial Hospital
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Surrey Memorial Hospital is a publicly funded hospital owned and operated by Fraser Health in the city of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada adjacent to King George Boulevard. Surrey Memorial Hospital began operations in 1959, and is one of 12 hospitals under the jurisdiction of the Fraser Health Authority, Surrey Memorial is the second largest hospital in British Columbia and has the busiest emergency department. As of 2011, SMH provides service to over 93,000 emergency room patients per year, SMH specializes in Cancer and Renal care, kidney dialysis, and sleep disorders. In addition, there is an Adolescent, and an Adult Psychiatry Inpatient Unit, Surrey Memorial Hospital along with the near-by Jim Pattison Centre perform more immediate breast reconstruction surgeries per year than any other centre in Canada for women with breast cancer. On March 21,2011, construction broke ground on a new eight-storey Critical Care Tower to expand Surrey Memorial Hospital, the expansion will increase the number of acute care beds by 30% to 650 and includes a new emergency department almost five times the size of the current ER. Construction of the new Emergency Department was completed by winter 2013 and overall project was completed, after World War II, the population of suburban communities like Surrey were growing. The nearest hospital, Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster began limiting access to residents from the suburban communities. Premier W. A. C. Bennett of the British Columbia Social Credit Party required the community to contribute at least one-third of costs for construction, for Surrey Memorial, that equalled $100,000. The women who formed Surrey’s first “Ladies Auxiliary” not only rose to the challenge, SMH was eventually merged into the South Fraser Health Region which also administered health care in Delta, Surrey and Langley. In 2001, SMH came under management of Fraser Health when SFHR was merged with its neighbouring regions to create a new regional health authority. Under the guidance of Dr. Peter Doris and Dr. Adrian Lee and this quickly expanded with the addition of trained breast and reconstructive surgeons Dr. Rhonda Janzen, Dr. Paul Oxley and Dr. Rizwan Mian. In 2011 the Breast Health Clinic was launched at the Jim Pattison Out Patient, now encompassing three general surgeons and five plastic surgeons, this clinic has become one of the leaders of Breast Cancer care in Canada. Location site on fraserhealth. ca Map of hospital buildings and grounds
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Vancouver
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Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, the Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre. With over 250,000 residents, Vancouver municipality is the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. In that census, Vancouver was one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home, several matches of the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place Stadium. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west, Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B. I. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the territories of the Squamish, Musqueam. They had villages in various parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, the city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his became the first known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present-day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, a sawmill established at Moodyville in 1863, began the citys long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the shore of the inlet. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed, the mills central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the economy until it closed in the 1920s. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by Gassy Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property
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British Columbia
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British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest
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Valleyview, Alberta
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Valleyview is a town in northwest Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Greenview No.16 and Census Division No.18. It is located at the junction of Highway 43 and Highway 49 and its position, in the junction of the two highways into the Peace Region, has led to the town motto of Portal To The Peace. Late 1800s, The first visitors to the area arrived, seeking natives to exchange goods for furs, the trading was good and a Hudson’s Bay post was established on Sturgeon Lake. ‘Peace River Jim’ Cornwall established the Bredin and Cornwall Trading Post nearby,1900, The area was surveyed for a possible settlement, but little developed of it. 1901, The area was surveyed again by Fred Young who was impressed with a piece of land on the northwest shore of Sturgeon Lake. 1916, The first pioneers settled in the area nearby as its soil was rich for farming,1929, The first post office was opened in the community. Climate Valleyview experiences a continental climate. With a land area of 9.32 km2, it had a density of 199. 9/km2 in 2016. The Town of Valleyviews 2013 municipal census counted a population of 1,972, a 4. 7% change from its 2007 municipal census population of 1,884. In the 2011 Census, the Town of Valleyview had a population of 1,761 living in 737 of its 786 total dwellings, with a land area of 9.66 km2, it had a population density of 182. 3/km2 in 2011. Valleyview is currently part of the Peace River federal electoral district, in the next federal election, Valleyview will become part of the newly created riding of Peace River—Westlock. Valleyviews main recreational activity is found at the ice rink, named Polar Palace and this is where the Valleyviews hockey team plays regular games in the Peace Region league. Also located in the ice rink is a curling rink which has regular bonspiels, next door to the Polar Palace is the local pool, which is on the same grounds as the lovely Legion picnic area and water park. The nearby Sturgeon Lake provides setting for outdoor activities, two provincial parks are established on its shores, Youngs Point Provincial Park and Williamson Provincial Park. Rona Ambrose, politician Wyatt McIntyre, politician List of communities in Alberta List of towns in Alberta Official website
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Vernon, British Columbia
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Vernon is a city in the Okanagan region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is 440 km northeast of Vancouver, named after Forbes George Vernon, a former MLA of British Columbia who helped found the famed Coldstream Ranch in nearby Coldstream, the City of Vernon was incorporated on December 30,1892. The City of Vernon has a population of 40,000, while its metropolitan region, with this population, Vernon is the largest city in the North Okanagan Regional District. A resident of Vernon is called a Vernonite, in 2005, on an episode of The Early Show, Vernon was ranked as one of the top six most desirable communities to retire to in North America by Consumer Reports. Some of these were part of the Okanagan Indian Band, a First Nations government part of the Okanagan Nation Alliance, the Okanagan people settled around the citys two lakes, Okanagan Lake and Swan Lake, obtaining seasonal sources of food. In that same decade, a section of a road near Fort Kamloops became its first road, pleasant Valley Road, situated north of that street, was also historically developed. However, the North West Company was forced merger with the Hudsons Bay Company in 1821, after the development began, numerous ranches were constructed. Centreville, the original central business district, was formed in 1885. That same year, a post office, hotel, general store, a Hudsons Bay Company store was formed in 1887, in a rough wooden structure. A major economic hub destination in the Okanagan historically, Vernon was home to many ranches and fruit orchard areas. Fruit trees were planted in Vernon, which first grew by the early 1890s, in 1908, the Okanagan Mounted Rifles military program was formed in it, thus bringing a number of people to the area during World War I and World War II for lessons. Vernon was incorporated as a city on December 30,1892, with a city hall formed in 1903 for the body, which included a fire hall. The following year, it was declared the largest municipality in the Okanagan and first of which to contain a bank, as population expanded, more services were made available at Vernon, while its city centre switched from Coldstream Road to 30th Avenue. A school and Vernon Jubilee Hospital were public services available in 1909. Despite a growth drop during World War I, citizens voted to open a new school, sports stadium, and, later, a shopping mall, Village Green Centre. In recent years, each of these highways has undergone renovations, including a new $22-million interchange system and four lane expansion at the Highway 97. The City of Vernon, in conjunction with the District of Coldstream and this transit system is responsible for all local full-service and handyDART public bus transportation. Greyhound Canada also serves Vernon for out-of-town destinations from their bus terminal
