1.
Montreal
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Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
2.
Quebec
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Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
3.
Island of Montreal
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The Island of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada, is located at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa rivers. It is separated from Île Jésus by the Rivière des Prairies and it is the largest island in the Hochelaga Archipelago, and the second largest in the Saint Lawrence River. It is the most populous island in Canada and the 37th most populous island on earth, Montreal Island is the second most populous river island in the world, as well as the most populous of any island in the world on fresh water. Saint Helens Island and Notre Dame Island are in the Saint Lawrence southeast of downtown Montreal, the Ottawa widens and becomes Lac des Deux-Montagnes north-west of the island. The Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal, between the tip of the island and Île Perrot, connects Lac des Deux-Montagnes and Lake Saint-Louis. Another outlet of Lac des Deux-Montagnes, the Rivière des Prairies, flows along the shore of the island. The island is approximately 50 km long and 16 km wide at its widest point, the island of Montreal has a shoreline of 266 km. At its centre are the three peaks of Mount Royal, the island of Montreal is the major component of the territory of the city of Montreal, along with Île Bizard, Saint Helens Island, Notre Dame Island, Nuns Island, and some 69 smaller islands. With a population of 1,861,900 inhabitants, it is by far the most populous island in Canada and it is also the 6th most populous island of the Americas and the 37th most populated island on earth, outranking Manhattan Island in New York City. Montreal and the municipalities on the island compose the administrative region of Montréal. The crossings which connect the island to its surroundings are some of the busiest bridges in the country, the Champlain Bridge and the Jacques Cartier Bridge together accommodate 101 million vehicles a year. However, by 1632 Champlain referred to the Isle de Mont-real in another map, the island derived its name from Mount Royal, and gradually spread its name to the town, which had originally been called Ville-Marie. In the Kanien’kéha, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te, in Anishninaabemowin, the land is called Mooniyaang. Flags and Coats of Arms List of rivers and water bodies of Montreal Island
4.
Transit bus
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A transit bus is a type of bus used on shorter-distance public transport bus services. Several configurations are used, including Low-floor buses, high-floor buses, double-decker buses and these are distinct from all-seated coaches used for longer distance journeys and smaller minibuses, which are typically used for paratransit services. Some industry members and commentators promote the idea of making the interior of a bus as inviting as a private car. Due to the local authority use, transit buses are built to a third-party specification put to the manufacturer by the authority. Early examples of such include the Greater Manchester Leyland Atlantean. New transit buses may be purchased each time a route/area is contracted, the operating area of a transit bus may also be defined as a geographic metropolitan area, with the buses used outside of this area being more varied with buses purchased with other factors in mind. Some regional-size operators for capital cost reasons may use transit buses interchangeably on short urban routes as well as longer routes, sometimes up to 2 or 3 hours. Often transit bus operators have a selection of dual-purpose fitted buses, sometimes transit buses may also be used as express buses on a limited-stopping or non-stop service at peak times, but over the same distance as the regular route. For rear doors, most buses have doors opened by the controls or patron. Most doors will signify that they are unlocked and open with lights, transit buses can be single-decker, double-decker, rigid or articulated. Depending on local policies, transit buses will usually have two, three or four doors to facilitate rapid boarding and alighting. In cases of low-demand routes, or to small local streets, some models of minibus. Due to their public role, transit buses were the first type of bus to benefit from low-floor technology. Transit buses are now subject to various disability discrimination acts in several jurisdictions which dictate various design features also applied to other vehicles in some cases. Fare collection is also seeing a shift to off-bus payment, with either the driver or an inspector verifying fare payments
5.
Nova Bus
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Nova Bus is a Canadian bus manufacturer in North America, owned by Volvo Buses, and headquartered in Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada. Nova Buss Saint-Eustache factory was built as a General Motors plant for building city buses for the Canadian market. In 1987 GM sold its holdings to Motor Coach Industries. MCI divested its urban rapid transit models in 1993, and Nova Bus was created to continue producing the Classic and RTS models at the Saint-Eustache and Roswell plants respectively. The Classic and RTS were later discontinued in order to concentrate on the Nova LFS, a low floor city bus, the last Classic model was produced in 1997. Sales of Nova LFS were insufficient and Nova Bus closed its Roswell and Niskayuna, the Roswell plant was later acquired by a local consortium, Millennium Transit Services, that almost went bankrupt in 2008, then emerged from bankruptcy in 2011. The Chicago Transit Authority, with 480 LFS units in its bus fleet. On February 2,2008, Nova Bus announced plans for the construction of a new plant in Plattsburgh, New York. The plant opened for business on June 15,2009 and its first US order under American production came from the New York City Transit Authority for 90 LFS Articulated buses. In March 2010, Nova Bus received the first US-built order for its redesigned LFS from Honolulu, the 24 buses arrived in December 2010, there were plans to order more in the future, but since then TheBus chose to go with Gillig instead. In March 2012 the Walt Disney Company announced that it plans to test a Nova articulated bus on certain traffic routes at the Walt Disney World Resort. In 2014 SEPTA rolled out its new Nova Bus LFS HEV 62-102 articulated buses onto the streets of Philadelphia on October 27,2014, in 2013 CTA placed an order for 30040 foot Nova Bus clean-diesel buses, with an option to buy an additional 150. The rigid LFS entered mass production in 1995, and the LFS Artic, the standard LFS is also available in a single-door commuter configuration. Both the rigid and articulated versions of the LFS/LFX are available with a hybrid drivetrain that uses an Allison EP40/EP50 parallel hybrid system and these options were first delivered in 2007 to Société de transport de lOutaouais in Gatineau, Quebec annod in 2011 to Connecticut Transit. In October 2011, the rear window became an option, the original powertrain layout mounted on the left at the rear was changed to a center-mounted powertrain, with ventilation through the roof on all LFS models starting in 2009. However, some demonstrators and test buses were built in 2008 with this update, in 2013 a new fourth generation rear layout was introduced and became standard mid 2013. Some early 2013 models were delivered with the third generation rear
6.
Articulated bus
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An articulated bus is an articulated vehicle used in public transportation. Due to their high capacity, articulated buses are often used as part of bus rapid transit schemes. Used almost exclusively on public bus services, articulated buses are approximately 18 metres in length. A less common variant of the bus is the bi-articulated bus. Their capacity is around 200 people, and their length about 25 metres, early examples of the articulated bus appeared in Europe in the 1920s. In Budapest, the first prototype of this bus was in service in 1960 and it was manufactured without the use of blueprints. Later Ikaruss blueprints were drawn up on the basis of existing prototype. There is an exhibition in Budapest at the Museum of Transportation in 2010 with the title The articulated bus is 50 years old. In the mid-1960s, AC Transit in California pioneered the American use of an articulated bus. Articulated buses have also used in Australia and Europe The first modern British bendy buses were built by Leyland-DAB. They were subsequently withdrawn from service because they proved to be expensive to maintain, one disadvantage that is sometimes experienced with some articulated models is the insufficiency of the effective motive power available to them. It is common for articulated buses to use the engine type as non-articulated buses. The extra weight of the bendy bus gives rise to a slower speed, when used in cities built on numerous inclines the vehicle is prone to overheating. This may lead to stalling, or in the worst situations to an outbreak of fire if the bus is powered by a diesel engine. During late 2003 and early 2004, a series of fires on newly delivered Mercedes-Benz Citaros led to Londoners humorously nicknaming the vehicles chariots of fire. Mercedes-Benz quickly addressed the problem, although the vehicles were out of service for a period, however, no overheating or fire-related incidents have ever been recorded in Vancouvers articulated electric trolley buses from a similar cause. Vancouvers articulated trolley buses were specifically chosen for the torque output of their electric motors. In some circumstances of urban operation, articulated buses may also be involved in more accidents than conventional buses
7.
Diesel fuel
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Diesel engines have found broad use as a result of higher thermodynamic efficiency and thus fuel efficiency. This is particularly noted where diesel engines are run at part-load, as their air supply is not throttled as in a petrol engine, to distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is increasingly called petrodiesel. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel is a standard for defining diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur contents, as of 2016, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in UK, Europe and North America is of a ULSD type. In the UK, diesel fuel for use is commonly abbreviated DERV, standing for diesel-engined road vehicle. In Australia diesel fuel is known as distillate, and in Indonesia, it is known as Solar. Diesel fuel originated from experiments conducted by German scientist and inventor Rudolf Diesel for his engine he invented in 1892. Diesel fuel is produced from various sources, the most common being petroleum, other sources include biomass, animal fat, biogas, natural gas, and coal liquefaction. Petroleum diesel, also called petrodiesel, or fossil diesel is the most common type of diesel fuel, synthetic diesel can be produced from any carbonaceous material, including biomass, biogas, natural gas, coal and many others. The raw material is gasified into synthesis gas, which after purification is converted by the Fischer–Tropsch process to a synthetic diesel, the process is typically referred to as biomass-to-liquid, gas-to-liquid or coal-to-liquid, depending on the raw material used. Paraffinic synthetic diesel generally has a content of sulfur and very low aromatics content, reducing unregulated emissions of toxic hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides. Fatty-acid methyl ester, more known as biodiesel, is obtained from vegetable oil or animal fats which have been transesterified with methanol. It can be produced from many types of oils, the most common being rapeseed oil in Europe, methanol can also be replaced with ethanol for the transesterification process, which results in the production of ethyl esters. FAME can be used pure in engines where the manufacturer approves such use, FAME as a fuel is specified in DIN EN14214 and ASTM D6751. Pure biodiesel has an energy content about 5–10% lower than petroleum diesel, the loss in power when using pure biodiesel is 5–7%. As FAME contains low levels of sulfur, the emissions of oxides and sulfates. Use of biodiesel also results in reductions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, CO emissions using biodiesel are substantially reduced, on the order of 50% compared to most petrodiesel fuels. The exhaust emissions of particulate matter from biodiesel have been found to be 30% lower than overall particulate matter emissions from petrodiesel, the exhaust emissions of total hydrocarbons are up to 93% lower for biodiesel than diesel fuel. Biodiesel also may reduce risks associated with petroleum diesel
8.
Biodiesel
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Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil – or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters, Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with petrodiesel in any proportions, Biodiesel blends can also be used as heating oil. The National Biodiesel Board also has a definition of biodiesel as a mono-alkyl ester. Blends of biodiesel and conventional hydrocarbon-based diesel are products most commonly distributed for use in the diesel fuel marketplace. The B6 to B20 blends are covered by the ASTM D7467 specification, Biodiesel can also be used in its pure form, but may require certain engine modifications to avoid maintenance and performance problems. Metered pump mixing, petroleum diesel and biodiesel meters are set to X total volume, Biodiesel can be used in pure form or may be blended with petroleum diesel at any concentration in most injection pump diesel engines. New extreme high-pressure common rail engines have strict limits of B5 or B20. Biodiesel has been known to break down deposits of residue in the lines where petrodiesel has been used. As a result, fuel filters may become clogged with particulates if a quick transition to pure biodiesel is made, therefore, it is recommended to change the fuel filters on engines and heaters shortly after first switching to a biodiesel blend. Since the passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, biodiesel use has been increasing in the United States, in the UK, the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation obliges suppliers to include 5% renewable fuel in all transport fuel sold in the UK by 2010. For road diesel, this effectively means 5% biodiesel, in 2007, DaimlerChrysler indicated its intention to increase warranty coverage to 20% biodiesel blends if biofuel quality in the United States can be standardized. The Volkswagen Group has released a statement indicating that several of its vehicles are compatible with B5 and B100 made from rape seed oil, the use of the specified biodiesel type in its cars will not void any warranty. Mercedes Benz does not allow diesel fuels containing greater than 5% biodiesel due to concerns about production shortcomings, any damages caused by the use of such non-approved fuels will not be covered by the Mercedes-Benz Limited Warranty. Starting in 2004, the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia decided to update its bus system to allow the fleet of city buses to run entirely on a fish-oil based biodiesel. This caused the city some initial issues, but after several years of refining. In 2007, McDonalds of UK announced it would start producing biodiesel from the waste oil byproduct of its restaurants and this fuel would be used to run its fleet. The British Royal Train on 15 September 2007 completed its first ever run on 100% biodiesel fuel supplied by Green Fuels Ltd
9.
Electricity
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Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence of electric charge. Although initially considered a separate to magnetism, since the development of Maxwells Equations both are recognized as part of a single phenomenon, electromagnetism. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges, in addition, electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies. The presence of a charge, which can be either positive or negative. On the other hand, the movement of charges, which is known as electric current. When a charge is placed in a location with non-zero electric field, the magnitude of this force is given by Coulombs Law. Thus, if that charge were to move, the field would be doing work on the electric charge. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Even then, practical applications for electricity were few, and it would not be until the nineteenth century that engineers were able to put it to industrial and residential use. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry, electricitys extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society, long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the Thunderer of the Nile, Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Patients suffering from such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. He coined the New Latin word electricus to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed and this association gave rise to the English words electric and electricity, which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Brownes Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646. Further work was conducted by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray, in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a key to the bottom of a dampened kite string. A succession of jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature
10.
Wheelchair
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A wheelchair, often abbreviated to just chair, is a chair with wheels, used when walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, or disability. Wheelchairs come in a variety of formats to meet the specific needs of their users. They may include specialized seating adaptions, individualized controls, and may be specific to particular activities, as seen with sports wheelchairs and beach wheelchairs. The earliest records of wheeled furniture are an inscription found on a slate in China. The first records of wheeled seats being used for transporting disabled people date to three centuries later in China, the Chinese used early wheelbarrows to move people as well as heavy objects. A distinction between the two functions was not made for several hundred years, around 525 CE, when images of wheeled chairs made specifically to carry people begin to occur in Chinese art. Later records show the use of technology in Europe by the Renaissance. The invalid carriage or Bath chair brought the technology into more common use from around 1760, in 1887, wheelchairs were introduced to Atlantic City so invalid tourists could rent them to enjoy the Boardwalk. Soon, many healthy tourists also rented the decorated rolling chairs and servants to them as a show of decadence. In 1933 Harry Jennings and his disabled friend Herbert Everest, both engineers, invented the first lightweight, steel, collapsible wheelchair. Everest had previously broken his back in a mining accident, Everest and Jennings saw the business potential of the invention and went on to become the first mass-market manufacturers of wheelchairs. Their x-brace design is still in use, albeit with updated materials. There are a variety of types of wheelchair, differing by propulsion method, mechanisms of control. Some wheelchairs are designed for everyday use, others for single activities. The iBot is perhaps the best known example of this in recent years, a self-propelled manual wheelchair incorporates a frame, seat, one or two footplates and four wheels, usually two caster wheels at the front and two large wheels at the back. There will generally also be a seat cushion. As this causes friction and heat build-up, particularly on long downslopes, everyday manual wheelchairs come in two major varieties, folding or rigid. Folding chairs are generally low-end designs, whose predominant advantage is being able to fold, however this is largely an advantage for part-time users who may need to store the wheelchair more often than use it
11.
Accessibility
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Accessibility refers to the design of products, devices, services, or environments for people who experience disabilities. The concept of design and practice of accessible development ensures both direct access and indirect access meaning compatibility with a persons assistive technology. Accessibility can be viewed as the ability to access and benefit from some system or entity and this is about making things accessible to all people. Article 9 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities commits signatories to provide for full accessibility in their countries. Accessible facilities therefore extend to such as Braille signage, elevators, audio signals at pedestrian crossings, walkway contours, website design. Government mandates including Section 508, WCAG, DDA are all enforcing practices to standardize accessibility testing engineering in product development, existing private businesses are required to increase the accessibility of their facilities when making any other renovations in proportion to the cost of the other renovations. The United States Access Board is A Federal Agency Committed to Accessible Design for People with Disabilities, the Job Accommodation Network discusses accommodations for people with disabilities in the workplace. Many states in the US have their own disability laws, in Australia, the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 has numerous provisions for accessibility. In South Africa the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 2000 has numerous provisions for accessibility, in the UK, the Equality Act 2010 has numerous provisions for accessibility. In Sri Lanka, the Supreme Court, on 27 April 2011 gave an order to boost the inherent right of disabled persons to have unhindered access to public buildings. The Act refers to legislation regarding accessibility in e. g. ICT. In Canada, relevant federal legislation includes the Canadian Human Rights Act, the Employment Equity Act, legislation may also be enacted on a state, provincial or local level. In Ontario, Canada, the Ontarians with Disabilities Act of 2001 is meant to improve the identification, removal, the European Union, which has signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, also has adopted a European Disability Strategy for 2010-20. A European Accessibility Act was proposed in late 2012 and this Act would establish standards within member countries for accessible products, services, and public buildings. Assistive technology is the creation of a new device that assists a person in completing a task that would otherwise be impossible. Adaptive technology is the modification, or adaptation, of existing devices, methods, or the creation of new uses for existing devices, to enable a person to complete a task. Examples include the use of controls, and the autocomplete feature in computer word processing programs. Adaptations to wheelchair tires are another example, widening the tires enables wheelchair users to move over soft surfaces, such as snow on ski hills
12.
Wheelchair lift
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Wheelchair lifts can be installed in homes or businesses and are often added to both private and public vehicles in order to meet accessibility requirements laid out by disability acts. These mobility devices are installed in homes as an alternative to a stair lift. In some instances, accessibility standards have been achieved in legal settlements, for example, in the 2005 case of Dilworth, et al. v. City of Detroit, NO. While some wheelchair-accessible vans use a lift to assist the occupant in boarding. Full-size vans, however, require use of a platform lift, there are two types of platform lifts installed on wheelchair-accessible vans, single-arm and dual-arm. Single-arm wheelchair lifts are used in side-entry applications. They take up less space and leave the passenger entry open, however. Most dual-arm wheelchair lifts have a capacity up to 800 pounds. These lifts consume more interior space and block the entry and. As mandated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, wheelchair-accessible vans with wheelchair lifts are equipped with a safety lift interlock, recent innovations have allowed for the development of wheelchair lifts which assist people in entering truck cabs, so that they may drive or operate heavy equipment. Wheelchair lifts can also be used to move an unoccupied scooter into a vehicle, an indoor vertical platform lift operates much like an elevator which is installed within a hoist-way or shaft-way. Although the installation of a platform lift is similar to that of an elevator its much less expensive. Some models, such as the Savaria V-1504 hydraulic lift, offer options to finish a vertical lift to make it operate more like a home elevator. An outdoor vertical platform may include factory-built enclosures that protect the user from the weather, the enclosure acts as a shaft-way inside the unit with gates or doors that are added to the entrance or exit. Health Equipment For Farmers Who Use Wheelchairs, Doreen Greenstein and Naomi Miner, Cornell University Cooperative Extension, americans with Disabilities Act Safaria wheelchair lifts
13.
Bicycle carrier
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A bicycle carrier, also commonly called a bike rack, is a device attached to an automobile or bus for transporting bicycles. Bus mounted bike carriers are usually attached to the front of the bus and they may flip up against the bus, out of the way, when not carrying any bikes. Automobile mounted bike carriers can be attached to the roof, rear trunk, or rear tow hitch, depending on the vehicle. Bikes may be mounted in the carriers by clamping both wheels and providing some additional support, by clamping the rear wheel and the front dropouts. Carriers that clamp on the front dropouts may also provide a locking mechanism. Carriers have been developed especially for the rear of pickup trucks that attach either to the bed or its sides, special long carriers have been developed to support long-wheelbase recumbents and tandems. At least one manufacturer offers bicycle carriers for use on motorcycles, childrens bikes with wheels smaller than 16 may be too small for the racks on buses. Transit authorities with bicycle carriers on buses, Madrid, Spain, in urban buses, victoria Regional Transit System TransLink, Canada. STL, Laval, Quebec CIT Laurentides Bicycle and public transport Flexfix Sportworks Consumer Reports buying guide World map of buses with bike racks U. S
14.
Papineau station
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Papineau is a station on the Green Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It briefly served as the terminus of the Green Line until Frontenac station was opened two months later, designed by Bolduc et Venne, it is a normal side platform station, built in tunnel. A transept leads to a set of stairways to the entrance. The temporary entrance building was replaced by a new permanent one. The station features a set of three murals by Jean Cartier and George Juhasz at the transept level, entitled Les Patriotes de 1837–1838, these tell the story of the Patriotes Rebellion and commemorate Louis-Joseph Papineau, the famous son of this stations namesake. Also, the redevelopment of the square around the entrance included the addition of a sculpture, Révolutions. Papineau takes its name from nearby av, Papineau, named for Joseph Papineau, a notary, surveyor, politician, and defender of the rights of the people and of the French language
15.
Rosemont station (Montreal Metro)
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Rosemont is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located in the borough of Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on October 14,1966, as part of the original network of the Metro. The station, designed by Duplessis, Labelle et Derome, is a side platform station. It has a barrier at transept level leading to a single entrance adjacent to a bus loop. This station is named for boulevard Rosemont, the street of the Rosemont district
16.
Laurier station (Montreal Metro)
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Laurier is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located in the Mile End neighbourhood of the borough of Le Plateau-Mont-Royal in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on October 14,1966, as part of the original network of the Metro. The station, designed by Jean P. Pothier, is a side platform station. It has a mezzanine and an entrance at either end, the southern one incorporating an open sided bus shelter, the walls are decorated in grey granite, with orange and red tiles at both ends of the platform. This station is named for Laurier Avenue, named for Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the first French-Canadian Prime Minister of Canada
17.
Champ-de-Mars station (Montreal Metro)
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Champ-de-Mars is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located in Old Montreal in the borough of Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on October 14,1966, as part of the original network of the Metro. Designed by Adalbert Niklewicz, it is a side platform station. Its entrance is located near a series of tunnels that cross the Autoroute Ville-Marie, one of the most important artworks in the Metro, a set of stained glass windows by noted Quebec artist Marcelle Ferron, illuminates the mezzanine of this station. These windows, one of the masterpieces and her most famous work, were given by the Government of Quebec in 1968. They were the first work of art to be commissioned for the Metro. This station is named for Champ-de-Mars, a public park facing Montreal City Hall, the name is the French term for a military parade ground. It was formerly crossed by the fortifications, demolished in the 19th century. It was later turned into a lot, which was replaced by a park in 1980s. org Montreal by Metro, metrodemontreal. com - photos, information
18.
15 Sainte-Catherine
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Montreal bus routes operated by the Société de transport de Montréal consist of 220 daytime and 23 night service routes and provide a vast number of routes for the city of Montreal proper. STM bus routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers on a weekday in 2011. A route is referred to by its number and name. The name of the route is named after the road or community that it primarily serves. The following is a complete list of all the Daytime Regular, Night Routes, Express Routes, note, The tramway lines are not incorporated in this table. STM bus network page Choice of STM Maps
19.
Atwater station
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Atwater is a station on the Green Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located on the border between the city of Westmount and the borough of Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The station opened on October 14,1966, as part of the network of the Metro. Designed by David, Boulva et Cleve, it is a side platform station. It has a mezzanine with ticket barriers on either end. It has underground city connections to the Place Alexis Nihon, Westmount Square, the station is equipped with the MétroVision information screens which displays news, commercials, and the time till the next train. This station is named for Atwater Avenue, named for Edwin Atwater, the street was named for him in 1871. com — photos, information, and trivia 2011 STM System Map 2011 Downtown System Map Metro Map
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Park Avenue station (Montreal)
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CPR Park Avenue Station is a former railway station located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at the end of Park Avenue and its main entrance faces Jean-Talon Street. It is situated in the Park Extension neighbourhood of the borough of Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension, the Canadian Pacific Railway built the CPR Park Avenue Station, which was designed by architect Colin Drewitt and opened in 1931. It was inaugurated in the presence of Camillien Houde, the mayor of Montreal at the time, Jean-Talon station replaced the Mile End railway station, which was located near the corner of Saint Laurent Boulevard and Bernard Street. In its time, all trains headed toward Quebec City, Ottawa, the stations role as an important railway stop permitted the station to host many important figures. One such event occurred in 1939, when the station was the site of a visit by George VI and the Queen Mother. CPR Park Avenue Station was an important stop for passengers until the early 1950s. Following the closure of Viger Station in 1951, Jean-Talon station suffered a decline in traffic. It was closed itself in 1984 when Via Rail Canada transferred the southern terminal of the Montreal-Quebec City via Trois-Rivieres train service from Windsor Station to Central Station. The central portion of the building became an Indigo Books and Music store, which closed and was replaced by a Société des alcools du Québec store, the building no longer serves its original vocation as a railway station. The main entrance to the building, faces the intersection of Park Avenue, the central portion of the building currently houses a Joe Fresh outlet. The entrance to the Parc Metro station was built within the mens smoking room. Adjacent to the CPR Park Avenue Station is the separate Parc commuter rail station opened in 1997 as Jean-Talon
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Place-Saint-Henri station
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Place-Saint-Henri is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located in the Saint-Henri area of the borough of Le Sud-Ouest in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on April 28,1980, as the western terminus of the first extension of the Orange Line. It thus took over from Bonaventure station as terminus, and remained so until the extension to Snowdon in 1981, the station is a normal side platform station, connected by long stairwells to a large mezzanine. The station has three accesses, one is a conventional access within a bus loop, while the two are open-air staircases linked to an underground gallery connected to the mezzanine. These make Place-Saint-Henri one of the three stations in Montreal to have uncovered accesses. The station was designed by Julien Hébert and Jean-Louis Lalonde, a statue of Jacques Cartier by Joseph-Arthur Vincent, created in 1896, was moved to the station and placed in a light shaft over the Côte-Vertu platform. It had formerly crowned a fountain in a park, but was removed, moved to the station. This station is named for place Saint-Henri, a short street, the place and the district took their name from a chapel built in 1810 and placed under the protection of Saint Henry, possibly to commemorate Henri-Auguste Roux, superior of Saint-Sulpice Seminary. There is parking next to the Metro provided by the city of Montreal, monthly passes are available for $63. Place-Saint-Henri Station, official web page Place-Saint-Henri metro station geo location Montreal by Metro, metrodemontreal. com - photos, information, and trivia 2011 STM System Map Metro Map
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18 Beaubien
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Montreal bus routes operated by the Société de transport de Montréal consist of 220 daytime and 23 night service routes and provide a vast number of routes for the city of Montreal proper. STM bus routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers on a weekday in 2011. A route is referred to by its number and name. The name of the route is named after the road or community that it primarily serves. The following is a complete list of all the Daytime Regular, Night Routes, Express Routes, note, The tramway lines are not incorporated in this table. STM bus network page Choice of STM Maps
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LaSalle station (Montreal Metro)
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LaSalle is a station on the Green Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located in the borough of Verdun, in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on September 3,1978, as part of the extension of the Green Line westward to Angrignon. Designed by Didier, Gillon et Larouche, it is a side platform station with one ticket hall. This station is named for nearby LaSalle Boulevard, named for explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, champlain Bridge Maison Saint-Gabriel Île des Soeurs Lasalle Station - official site Montreal by Metro, metrodemontreal. com - photos, information, and trivia 2011 STM System Map
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24 Sherbrooke
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Montreal bus routes operated by the Société de transport de Montréal consist of 220 daytime and 23 night service routes and provide a vast number of routes for the city of Montreal proper. STM bus routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers on a weekday in 2011. A route is referred to by its number and name. The name of the route is named after the road or community that it primarily serves. The following is a complete list of all the Daytime Regular, Night Routes, Express Routes, note, The tramway lines are not incorporated in this table. STM bus network page Choice of STM Maps
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Sherbrooke Street
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Sherbrooke Street is a major east-west artery and at 31.3 kilometres in length, is the second longest street on the Island of Montreal. The street begins in the town of Montreal West and ends on the tip of the island in Pointe-aux-Trembles, intersecting Gouin Boulevard. East of Cavendish Boulevard this road is part of Quebec Route 138, the street is divided into two portions. Sherbrooke Street East is located east of Saint Laurent Boulevard and Sherbrooke Street West is located west, the street is named for John Coape Sherbrooke, the Governor General of British North America from 1816-18. In 1817, Sherbrooke Street initially consisted of two sections, from de Bleury Street to Sanguinet Street and its relative remoteness from downtown at the time made it difficult to establish industries or factories. From the early century until the 1930s, Sherbrooke Street was the most prestigious street in Montreal. In 1912, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts was established on Sherbrooke Street West, later with the expansion of the city center, luxurious new houses were built a little further west in the new Garden City of Westmount. Sherbrooke Street was prolonged eastward starting in the twentieth century. It was central to the creation of institutions and parks such as La Fontaine Park. In 1976, the street was to be venue for an exhibit of art entitled Corridart during the 1976 Summer Olympics. However, in a decision, former Mayor Jean Drapeau had the exhibition torn down two days before the Games began. Three of Montreals four major universities are present on Sherbrooke, downtown, the street is home to the main campus of McGill University, further west, the Loyola Campus of Concordia University. Sherbrooke is also home to UQAMs Complexe des sciences Pierre-Dansereau, and INRSs Montréal campus as well as Dawson College, Collège de Maisonneuve CEGEPs,24 Sherbrooke 105 Sherbrooke Heritage Montreal description 45°30′29″N 73°34′16″W
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Villa-Maria station
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Villa-Maria is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce area of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce in Montreal, Quebec, the station is a normal side platform station, and has an entrance at its south end. The entrance is located in a bus loop, the station was designed by André Léonard and contains mural sculptures by the architect. Villa-Maria station takes its name from the nearby Villa Maria school, the surrounding lands were once owned by the Decarie family. The land was sold in 1795 to Sir James Monk and the Monk residence built in 1804 and this is the central section of the present-day Villa Maria school. In 1844, the building was leased to the Crown as a residence for the Governors-Generals of Canada, the metro station was built at the foot of the Villa Maria property. com 2011 STM System Map Metro Map
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Radisson station
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Radisson is a station on the Green Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is in the district of Saint-Jean-de-Dieu in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on June 6,1976, as part of the extension of the Green Line to Honoré-Beaugrand. Designed by Papineau, Gérin-Lajoie, Le Blanc, Edwards, it is a side platform station built partly in tunnel, with a very tall. This contains the transept and a tall escalator shaft rising unsupported to the hall above. The latter gives access to three entrances, the station serves a metropolitan bus terminus and a park and ride lot. The station is named for rue Radisson, pierre-Esprit Radisson was a French explorer who was instrumental in the development of the Hudsons Bay Company. It is the terminus where STL and RTL bus routes meet
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27 Boulevard Saint-Joseph
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Montreal bus routes operated by the Société de transport de Montréal consist of 220 daytime and 23 night service routes and provide a vast number of routes for the city of Montreal proper. STM bus routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers on a weekday in 2011. A route is referred to by its number and name. The name of the route is named after the road or community that it primarily serves. The following is a complete list of all the Daytime Regular, Night Routes, Express Routes, note, The tramway lines are not incorporated in this table. STM bus network page Choice of STM Maps
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Joliette station (Montreal Metro)
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Joliette is a station on the Green Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. Is located in the district of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on June 6,1976, as part of the extension of the Green Line to Honoré-Beaugrand. Designed by architect Marcel Raby, it is a side platform station built in tunnel. The walls of the platform have a yellow brick façade. It has no transept, with closed staircases leading to the mezzanine above, the mezzanine contains a large illuminated mural sculpture by the architect, entitled Thème des mouvements du soleil. This station is named for rue Joliette, barthélémy Joliette served in the House of Assembly and Legislative Council of Lower Canada, he also founded the village of LIndustrie
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Henri-Bourassa station
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Henri-Bourassa is a station on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located in the Ahuntsic district in the borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville in Montreal, Quebec, the original part of the station, designed by Janusz Warunkiewicz, is a normal side platform station, connected by a transept and a long tunnel to a mezzanine some distance away. A second access, closer to the platforms on Berri Street, was added later. It was designed by André Léonard and Claude Leclerc, a large addition to the station was added as part of the extension to Laval. A diversion from the tunnel and a third platform have been added. This allows some trains to end their run at Henri-Bourassa and others to continue to Laval, the extension opened to the public on April 28,2007. North entrance, a relief by Jacques Huet titled Réveil de la conscience par la solitude forms a firewall between the entrance and the adjacent government office. In the new Berri St. entrance, the architect André Léonard created two terra cotta reliefs titled Le potager and Le vent, the addition of the Laval platform saw the addition of a new artwork, a light sculpture by Axel Morgenthaler titled.98. On April 26,2010, Henri-Bourassa became the 6th station to be accessible to the mobility-impaired
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32 Lacordaire
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Montreal bus routes operated by the Société de transport de Montréal consist of 220 daytime and 23 night service routes and provide a vast number of routes for the city of Montreal proper. STM bus routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers on a weekday in 2011. A route is referred to by its number and name. The name of the route is named after the road or community that it primarily serves. The following is a complete list of all the Daytime Regular, Night Routes, Express Routes, note, The tramway lines are not incorporated in this table. STM bus network page Choice of STM Maps