1.
Toshiba
–
Toshiba Corporation, commonly known as Toshiba and stylized as TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Toshiba was founded in 1938 as Tokyo Shibaura Electric K. K. through the merger of Shibaura Seisaku-sho, the company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. Toshiba is organized into four groupings, the Digital Products Group, the Electronic Devices Group, the Home Appliances Group and the Social Infrastructure Group. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX indices, the Osaka Securities Exchange, Toshiba is the seventh largest semiconductor manufacturer in the world. Toshiba was founded in 1939 by the merger of Shibaura Seisakusho, Shibaura Seisakusho had been founded as Tanaka Seisakusho by Tanaka Hisashige in July 1875 as Japans first manufacturer of telegraph equipment. In 1904, it was renamed Shibaura Seisakusho, Tokyo Denki was founded as Hakunetsusha in 1890 and had been Japans first producer of incandescent electric lamps. It later diversified into the manufacture of consumer products and in 1899 had been renamed Tokyo Denki. The merger of Shibaura and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki and it was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but it was not until 1978 that the company was officially renamed Toshiba Corporation. The group expanded rapidly, driven by a combination of growth and by acquisitions, buying heavy engineering. In 1977, Toshiba acquired the Brazilian company Semp, subsequently forming Semp Toshiba through the combination of the two companies South American operations, the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Norwegian company Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk. Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania said What Toshiba and Kongsberg did was ransom the security of the United States for $517 million, the contract ended in 2008, ending seven years of OEM production with Orion. In December 2004, Toshiba quietly announced it would discontinue manufacturing traditional in-house cathode ray tube televisions, in 2006, Toshiba terminated production of in-house plasma TVs. To ensure its competitiveness in the flat-panel digital television and display market. Before World War II, Toshiba was a member of the Mitsui Group zaibatsu, today Toshiba is a member of the Mitsui keiretsu, and still has preferential arrangements with Mitsui Bank and the other members of the keiretsu. Membership in a keiretsu has traditionally meant loyalty, both corporate and private, to members of the keiretsu or allied keiretsu. This loyalty can extend as far as the beer the employees consume, in July 2005, BNFL confirmed it planned to sell Westinghouse Electric Company, then estimated to be worth $1.8 billion. In late 2007, Toshiba took over from Discover Card as the sponsor of the top-most screen of One Times Square in New York City and it displays the iconic 60-second New Years countdown on its screen, as well as messages, greetings, and advertisements for the company. In January 2009, Toshiba acquired the HDD business of Fujitsu, Toshiba announced on 16 May 2011, that it had agreed to acquire all of the shares of the Swiss-based advanced-power-meter maker Landis+Gyr for $2.3 billion
2.
Cell (microprocessor)
–
It was developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM, an alliance known as STI. Cell is shorthand for Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, commonly abbreviated CBEA in full or Cell BE in part, the first major commercial application of Cell was in Sonys PlayStation 3 game console. Mercury Computer Systems has a dual Cell server, a dual Cell blade configuration, a computer. Toshiba had announced plans to incorporate Cell in high definition television sets, for these reasons, Cell is widely regarded as a challenging environment for software development. IBM provides a Linux-based development platform to help developers program for Cell chips, the architecture will not be widely used unless it is adopted by the software development community. However, Cells strengths may make it useful for scientific computing regardless of its mainstream success, in mid-2000, Sony Computer Entertainment, Toshiba Corporation, and IBM formed an alliance known as STI to design and manufacture the processor. The STI Design Center opened in March 2001, the Cell was designed over a period of four years, using enhanced versions of the design tools for the POWER4 processor. Over 400 engineers from the three worked together in Austin, with critical support from eleven of IBMs design centers. During this period, IBM filed many patents pertaining to the Cell architecture, manufacturing process, Each Processing Element contained 8 APUs, which are now referred to as SPEs on the current Broadband Engine chip. This chip package was widely regarded to run at a speed of 4 GHz and with 32 APUs providing 32 gigaFLOPS each. This design was fabricated using a 90 nm SOI process, in March 2007, IBM announced that the 65 nm version of Cell BE is in production at its plant in East Fishkill, New York. Bandai Namco Entertainment used the processor for their 357 arcade board as well as the subsequent 369. In February 2008, IBM announced that it begin to fabricate Cell processors with the 45 nm process. In May 2008, IBM introduced the high-performance double-precision floating-point version of the Cell processor, the worlds three most energy efficient supercomputers, as represented by the Green500 list, are similarly based on the PowerXCell 8i. The 45 nm Cell processor was introduced in concert with Sonys PlayStation 3 Slim in August 2009, by November 2009, IBM had discontinued the development of a Cell processor with 32 APUs but was still developing other Cell products. On May 17,2005, Sony Computer Entertainment confirmed some specifications of the Cell processor that would be shipping in the then-forthcoming PlayStation 3 console and this Cell configuration has one PPE on the core, with eight physical SPEs in silicon. The target clock-frequency at introduction is 3.2 GHz, the introductory design is fabricated using a 90 nm SOI process, with initial volume production slated for IBMs facility in East Fishkill, New York. The relationship between cores and threads is a source of confusion
3.
JNR Class ED76
–
As of 1 April 2016, just 10 locomotives remained in service, all operated by JR Freight. ED76-0 ED76-500 ED76-100094 class ED76-0 locomotives were built from 1965 to 1976, as of 1 April 2016, the remaining fleet consists of two locomotives, ED7681 and ED7683, operated by JR Freight. 22 class ED76-500 locomotives were built from 1968 for use in Hokkaido and these locomotives included larger water and fuel tanks for the train heating steam generator and had accordingly longer bodies. They were intended to be used in pairs, and featured cab gangway doors, ED76514 was modified for used in the Seikan Tunnel and renumbered ED76551. All ED76-500s except for the unique ED76551 were withdrawn by 1994, ED76551 was withdrawn in 2001. 23 class ED76-1000 locomotives were built from 1970 to 1979 for express freight use, as of 1 April 2016, the remaining fleet consists of eight locomotives, operated by JR Freight. The following examples have been preserved
4.
JNR Class EF58
–
The Class EF58 is a class of Japanese 2-C+C-2 wheel arrangement DC electric locomotives. 172 locomotives were built between 1946 and 1958, in 1984,64 out of 172 EF58 locos built were still in service or temporary storage. Details of the currently in operational service are as follows. Owned by JR East and based at Tabata Depot in Tokyo, this locomotive was built in 1953 by Hitachi specially for use as the official Imperial Train locomotive, a role it performs to the present day. While other locos had chrome-plated “whiskers” on the cab ends, this loco was built with stainless steel whiskers extending as a band along the body sides. The loco remains in its original livery, and is maintained in immaculate condition. Owned by JR Central and based at Shizuoka Depot. It was repainted in 1992 from the standard livery to its current all-over brown for use on special event trains on the Tōkaidō. This locomotive was cut up at Hamamatsu Works in January 2009, EF5836, No.1 end section only preserved privately in Hiroshima. EF5866, Was stored at JR Wests Nara Depot in blue livery, EF5889, Preserved at the Railway Museum from October 2007. This loco saw mainline operation until January 1998, based at Tabata Depot, after withdrawal in 1999, it was preserved at JR Easts Omiya Works. It was repainted from all-over brown to blue and cream in 2000 at Omiya, for the Railway Museum exhibition, it was again repainted to brown. EF5893, Preserved at JR East Omiya Works in green livery with yellow stripe along lower body, EF58113, Front end section only preserved at JR West Hiroshima Depot, in blue livery. EF58144, No.1 end cab preserved privately in Saitama Prefecture, No.2 end cab is preserved in front of a restaurant in Nasu-machi, Tochigi Prefecture, in blue livery. EF58150, Built in 1958 by Toshiba, and withdrawn from service in 1985 and it was repainted into its original all-over brown livery to coincide with the restoration of observation car Maite 492. It was equipped with a train heating steam generator, in 2006, this locomotive was featured in the movie Tabi No Okurimono 0,00 Hatsu. In 2015, it was repainted into blue livery ahead of preservation at the Railway Museum in Kyoto, EF58154, Cab end only preserved at JR East Omiya Works in light green livery. EF58157, Preserved at SCMaglev and Railway Park, Built in 1958 by Mitsubishi, and withdrawn from regular service in 1985 before being reinstated to Shizuoka Depot in 1988 for use hauling special event trains on the Tokaido and Iida Lines. It was equipped with a train heating steam generator only, and operated in blue, EF58172, Preserved at Usui Pass Railway Heritage Park, Gunma, in blue livery
5.
JNR Class EF60
–
A total of 143 locomotives were built between 1960 and 1964 by Kawasaki, Tōshiba, Tōyō & Kisha, and Mitsubishi. The third-batch build of locos had up-rated traction motors and differed slightly in having twin headlamps rather than the single large headlamp on earlier versions, unlike the ED60s, these locos were designed to operate singly rather than in pairs, and so cab-end gangway doors were not included. The EF60-0s initially appeared in the standard all-over brown livery, but were repainted into blue from 1965 onward, withdrawals commenced in the 1980s, and all members of the class were withdrawn from regular operations in 1986, ahead of privatization. Two locos survived into JR days, EF6019 owned by JR East for special event use, eight early-built locos were converted to EF61-200s between 1977 and 1979 for use as bankers on the steeply-graded Senohachi section of the Sanyō Mainline between Seno and Hachihonmatsu. Three more later-built EF60s were more extensively rebuilt in 1982 to become EF67 class banking locos for use on the same section, eight Class EF60 locomotives were converted between 1977 and 1979 to become Class EF61-200 banking locomotives for use on the Senohachi section of the Sanyo Main Line. Three Class EF60 locomotives were converted between 1982 and 1986 to become Class EF67 banking locomotives for use on the Senohachi section of the Sanyo Main Line, EF6019 Preserved at JR Easts Takasaki Depot in operating condition, repainted in 2007 into standard blue/cream livery EF6047 No
6.
JNR Class EF64
–
The Class EF64 is a 6-axle DC electric locomotive type operated on passenger and freight services in Japan since 1964. Two prototype locomotives, EF641 and 2, were delivered in 1964, built by Toshiba, the basic body design was based on that of the earlier Class EF62s but with the more usual Japanese Bo-Bo-Bo wheel arrangement. Livery from the start was all-over blue with just the lower cab ends painted cream, full production started in 1965, continuing to 1976 with loco EF6479. Minor variations within the class included the discontinuation of the cab ventilation grilles above the lights from EF6446 onward. Locos EF641 to 12 and EF6429 to 55 were equipped with train-heating generators for passenger use, the DT120A/DT121A bogies were virtually identical to those used on the Class EF70. The second batch, from EF6413 onward, were allocated to the Chuo Main Line for use primarily on freight duties. With the conversion of the Ou Main Line from 1,500 V DC to 20 kV AC electrification in October 1968, the first EF64-1000, EF641001, appeared in 1980 for use on the Joetsu Line, replacing ageing Class EF15/16 and EF58 locomotives. This subclass could almost be described as a new design. The body was lengthened from 17,900 mm to 18,600, pS22 scissors-type pantographs replaced the PS17 lozenge-type pantographs of the EF64-0s. The bogies were the same DT138A/DT139A type as used on Class EF81 locomotives, a total of 53 EF64-1000s were built by 1982, all by Kawasaki and Toyo Electric. Locos from EF641033 onward were built without train-heating generators, locos EF641046 to 1050, however, are based at Okayama depot for use on Hakubi Line freight duties. From 1996, the EF64-0s underwent a refurbishment programme, with EF6467 the first locomotive treated. Refurbishment was carried out at Omiya and Hiroshima Works, with locos initially released in the JR Freight livery of two-tone blue, minor livery variations were implemented during the programme, and locos treated at Hiroshima were distinguished by having mustard-coloured cab gangway doors. From 2004 onward, the JR Freight livery was simplified by using a shade of dark blue. The first EF64-1000, EF641015, also underwent refurbishment in 2003, appearing in the then-standard JR Freight two-tone blue, there have been no accident-related withdrawals of EF64s, but the first member of the class was withdrawn in 2003 following the introduction of the JR Freight Class EH200. By April 2007,24 EF64-0s had been withdrawn, and a further 9 were in storage, as of 1 April 2016,47 EF64s remained in service, with eight operated by JR East, and 39 EF64-1000s operated by JR Freight. EF6435 Repainted into white/blue Euroliner livery in August 1990, although the Euroliner set was withdrawn in April 2005, EF6435 is allocated to Shizuoka depot and based at Nagoya. EF6437 Painted all-over brown in 2003 to celebrate 100th anniversary of Chuo Main Line between Kofu and Enzan, allocated to Takasaki depot, but normally based at Kofu
7.
JNR Class EF65
–
The Class EF65 is a 6-axle DC electric locomotive type operated on passenger and freight services in Japan since 1965. A total of 308 locomotives were built between 1965 and 1979, with 52 still in service as of 1 April 2016, the class was initially divided into the EF65-0 subclass for general freight and the EF65-500 subclass for express freight and passenger use. The EF65-0 subclass was designed for freight use on the Tokaido Main Line. 135 locomotives were built between 1965 and 1970, as of 2016, all EF65-0 locomotives had been withdrawn. As of 1 April 2016, only one EF65-500 locomotive, EF65-501, owned by JR East, locomotives used for hauling passenger services are referred to as P type, and those used for freight services are referred to as F type. The original designations are as shown below, the EF65-1000 was intended for use on both passenger and freight services, and was referred to as the PF type. 139 locomotives were built between 1969 and 1979, as of 1 April 2016,15 EF65-1000 locomotives remained in service, operated by JR East and JR West. There are former Class EF65-1000 locomotives renumbered from May 2012 by JR Freight to differentiate them from locomotives fitted with driving recording units mandated for operations over 100 mph, as of 1 April 2016,35 EF65-2000 locomotives remained in service, operated by JR Freight. Removed from service on 31 December 1997, and withdrawn on 1 September 1998, EF651059, Repainted in blue with yellow front-end warning panels and large JR logo in July 1987. Remained in this livery until withdrawal on 31 March 2009
8.
JR Freight Class EH500
–
The Class EH500 is a BoBo+BoBo wheel arrangement multi-system AC/DC two-unit electric locomotive type operated by JR Freight in Japan since 1997. The locomotives are built at the Toshiba factory in Fuchū, Tokyo, in 2004, locomotives EH500-25 and EH500-27 were loaned in turn to Moji depot in Kitakyushu for trials. As of 1 April 2016, the fleet totalled 82 locomotives,12 locomotives, EH500-45 to EH500-50 and EH500-67 to EH500-72, are based at Moji Depot, and the other 70 members of the class are based at Sendai. The livery is red and grey with black cab surrounds and it joined the rest of the Class EH500 fleet for use on revenue services from the start of the March 2000 timetable revision. Kintaro Eco-Power logos were added to the sides from December 2002, two pre-series locomotives, EH500-1 and EH500-2, were delivered in March 2000. These locomotives are finished in a livery of maroon and grey with black cab surrounds, built from March 2000 to January 2001. The headlamps were moved to a position to reduce problems of blockage by snow. New Kintaro Eco-Power logos were added to the sides, locomotives from EH500-10 onward are painted in a revised colour scheme using bright red instead of the earlier maroon colour. The black colour around the cab windows was also discontinued, locomotives numbered EH500-15 onwards have narrower surrounds on the front-end headlight boxes, and the front-end white band is also correspondingly slightly thinner. The EH500 classification for this type is explained below. As with previous designs, the prototype is numbered EH500-901. E, Electric locomotive H, Eight driving axles 500, AC/DC locomotive with AC motors JNR Class EH10 JR Freight Class EH200 JR Freight Class EH800
9.
JR Freight Class HD300
–
The Class HD300 is a hybrid diesel/battery Bo-Bo wheel arrangement shunting locomotive type operated by Japan Freight Railway Company in Japan. Following the delivery and evaluation of a locomotive in March 2010. Tests conducted at Tokyo Freight Terminal in June 2010 demonstrated fuel savings of 36%, NOx emission reductions of 62%, externally, the locomotives are finished in a bright red livery to aid visibility, with yellow and black diagonal warning stripes at the ends. The locomotive was moved to Sapporo Freight Terminal in Hokkaido in January 2011 to assess battery performance, the prototype locomotive entered revenue service from 11 July 2011, on shunting operations at Tokyo Freight Terminal. The first full-production locomotive was delivered from the Toshiba factory in Fuchū, Tokyo, in January 2012, in May 2012, the Class HD300-900 prototype was awarded the 2012 Laurel Prize, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club. A formal presentation ceremony was held at Tokyo Freight Terminal on 18 November 2012, in November 2014, the first Class HD300-500 locomotive, HD300-501, designed for operations in cold-climate areas, was delivered to Naebo Depot in Hokkaido. By April 2013, a total of five locomotives had been delivered, the HD300 classification for this locomotive type is explained below. As with previous designs, the prototype is numbered HD300-901. H - hybrid locomotive D - four driving axles 300 - synchronous motors Sugiyama, Japan, Koyusha Co. Ltd. pp. 62–67. JR Freight press release announcing development in September 2008 Official press release from Toshiba JR Freight HD300
10.
Toshiba Satellite
–
The Toshiba Satellite is a line of consumer-grade notebook computers marketed by Toshiba, and were some of the earliest laptops, introduced in the early-1990s, to compete with the IBM Thinkpad line. Models in the Satellite family varied greatly - from entry-level models sold at major retailers to full-fledged media center-class notebooks, the latter are labeled as Qosmio and sold alongside the Satellite name. The Satellite mainly competes against computers such as Acers Aspire, Dells Inspiron and XPS, HPs Pavilion and Envy, the early models did not come with an internal CD-ROM drive, but these soon appeared as mobile technology progressed. Such models can link up with an external CD-ROM drive through the port on the rear. Some Satellites also lacked an internal disk drive, but a port on the side allowed the use of a proprietary external module for such. These machines tended to be smaller in size than their contemporaries. In Spring 2000, some came with a 15-inch screen and a built-in DVD drive. They were sold for $2400 by Toshiba and they also had a model called the Satellite Pro. Newer models of the Satellite Pro are still being sold, the Toshiba Satellite series was discontinued in 2016 because Toshiba has exited the consumer laptop market entirely. However, Toshiba is still selling business-oriented Portégé and Tecra Official website Official website
11.
JNR Class EF63
–
The Class EF63 is a class of 1,500 V DC electric locomotives formerly operating in Japan. A total of 25 Class EF63 locomotives were built between 1962 and 1976 exclusively for use as bankers on the steeply-graded Usui Pass section of the Shinetsu Main Line between Yokokawa and Karuizawa and they replaced the Class ED42 electric locomotives previously used on the rack-and-pinion line between these two stations. The prototype, EF631, was produced in 1962 by Toshiba for testing before full production of the started in 1963 spread between manufacturers Kawasaki, Mitsubishi and Toshiba. The class was equipped with a number of safety features to cope with the unique conditions of operating on the 66. 7‰ gradient of the Usui Pass. These included independent dynamic brakes on all six axles, magnetic adhesion brakes operating directly on the rails, small wheels attached to the centre bogie were used to measure the train speed and apply the brakes in the case of run-away. The class used the same 425 kW MT52 traction motors used on the EF62s, locos EF635 and EF639 were written off after a runaway derailment also involving two EF62s in 1975, and EF6324 and EF6325 were additionally built in 1976 to replace these two. In 1978, EF6311 and 13 were specially turned out to work a train over the Usui Pass. Following privatization of JNR, the fleet was transferred to JR East operation with the exception of EF631 and 14 operated by JR Freight. Before their final withdrawal, however, a number of locos were repainted into original brown livery following their last overhauls in 1997, incidentally, these locomotives were delivered in standard blue livery from new. EF6311 and 12 are kept as operational spares, all other preserved examples are kept as static exhibits. Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification
12.
TOSLINK
–
TOSLINK is a standardized optical fiber connector system. 1/7.1 surround sound such as Dolby Digital Plus or DTS-HD High Resolution Audio. Unlike HDMI, TOSLINK does not have the bandwidth to carry the lossless versions of Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio, although TOSLINK supports several different media formats and physical standards, digital audio connections using the rectangular EIAJ/JEITA RC-5720 connector are by far the most common. The optical signal is a red light with a wavelength of 650 nm. Depending on the type of modulated signal being carried, other optical wavelengths may be present, a less common format is a coaxial cable ending in RCA jacks, which is found on some receivers. Toshiba originally created TOSLINK to connect their CD players to the receivers they manufactured, the software layer is based on the Sony Philips Digital Interconnect Format, while the hardware layer utilizes a fiber optic transmission system, rather than the electrical hardware layer of S/PDIF. TOSLINK was soon adopted by manufacturers of most CD players and it can often be found on video source to connect the digital audio stream to Dolby Digital/DTS decoders. The name is a trademark of Toshiba, created from TOShiba-LINK. Variations of the name, such as TOSlink, TosLink, and Tos-link, are also seen, ADAT Lightpipe or simply ADAT Optical uses an optical transmission system similar to TOSLINK, and is used in the professional music/audio industry. While the ADAT Lightpipe format uses the same JIS F05 connectors as TOSLINK, due to their high attenuation of light, the effective range of plastic optical cables is limited to 5–10 m. They can temporarily fail or be damaged if tightly bent. Although less commonly available and more expensive than plastic optical cables, glass or silica optical fibers have lower losses. Optical cables are not susceptible to problems such as ground loops. TOSLINK cables are limited to 5 meters in length, with a technical maximum of 10 meters. However, it is common for interfaces on newer consumer electronics to easily run over 30 meters on even low-cost TOSLINK cables. TOSLINK transmitters operate at a nominal wavelength of 650 nm. Mini-TOSLINK is an optical fiber connector smaller than the standard square TOSLINK connector commonly used in larger consumer audio equipment. The plug is almost the size and shape as the ubiquitous 3.5 mm stereo minijack. Adapters are available to connect a full-size TOSLINK plug to a mini-TOSLINK socket
