1.
Aerodrome
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An aerodrome or airdrome is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither. Aerodromes include small general aviation airfields, large airports. The term airport may imply a certain stature that an aerodrome may not have achieved and that is to say, all airports are aerodromes, but not all aerodromes are airports. Usage of the term aerodrome remains more common in the UK and Commonwealth nations, a water aerodrome is an area of open water used regularly by seaplanes or amphibious aircraft for landing and taking off. The word aerodrome derives from Ancient Greek ἀήρ, air, and δρόμος, road or course, an ancient linguistic parallel is hippodrome, derived from ἵππος, horse, and δρόμος, course. In Canada and Australia, aerodrome is a term of art for any area of land or water used for aircraft operation. International Civil Aviation Organization documents use the aerodrome, for example, in the Annex to the ICAO Convention about aerodromes, their physical characteristics. However, the airfield or airport mostly superseded use of aerodrome after World War II. The city of the first aerodrome in the world is a French commune named Viry-Chatillon, the unimproved airfield remains a phenomenon in military aspects. The DHC-4 Caribou served in the U. S. military in Vietnam, landing on rough, earlier, the Ju-52 and Fieseler Storch could do the same, one example of the latter taking off from the Führerbunker whilst completely surrounded by Russian troops. An airport is an aerodrome certificated for commercial flights, an air base is an aerodrome with significant facilities to support aircraft and crew. The term is reserved for military bases, but also applies to civil seaplane bases. An airstrip is an aerodrome that consists only of a runway with perhaps fueling equipment. They are generally in remote locations, many airstrips were built on the hundreds of islands in the Pacific Ocean during World War II. A few airstrips grew to become full-fledged airbases as strategic or economic importance of a region increased over time. An Advanced Landing Ground was an airstrip used by the Allies in the run-up to and during the invasion of Normandy. A water aerodrome is an area of water used regularly by seaplanes or amphibious aircraft for landing and taking off. It may have a building on land and/or a place where the plane can come to shore
2.
Heliport
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A Heliport is by definition an area of land, water, or structure used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of helicopters, and includes its buildings and facilities. In other words, it is an airport suitable for use by helicopters. Designated heliports typically contain one or more touchdown and liftoff area, in some larger towns and cities, customs facilities may also be available. Early advocates of helicopters hoped that heliports would become widespread, other terms used to refer to a heliport are, Helistop - A term sometimes used to describe a minimally developed heliport for boarding and discharging passengers or cargo. Helipad - A term oftentimes confused with heliport or helistop, the only reference of this term in the U. S. Helideck - Used to describe the area on a vessel or offshore structure on which helicopters may land. The airspace immediately surrounding the heliport is called the Primary Surface and this area coincides in shape and size with the designated take-off and landing area. This surface is a horizontal plane equal to the elevation of the established heliport elevation, the Primary Surface is further broken down into three distinct regions. These are, the Touchdown and Liftoff area, the Final Approach and Takeoff area, the TLOF is a load-bearing, generally paved area, normally centered in the FATO, on which the helicopter lands and/or takes off. The FATO is an area over which the pilot completes the final phase of the approach to a hover or a landing. The FATO elevation is the lowest elevation of the edge of the TLOF, the Safety Area is a defined area on a heliport surrounding the FATO intended to reduce the risk of damage to helicopters accidentally diverging from the FATO. In a large metropolitan and urban areas a heliport can serve passengers needing to move within the city or to outlying regions. Generally heliports can be situated closer to a town or city center than an airport for fixed-wing aircraft, the advantage in flying by helicopter to a destination or even to the citys main airport is that travel can be much faster than driving. Some skyscrapers feature rooftop heliports or helistops to serve the needs of executives or clients. Many of these sites also serve as Emergency Helicopter Landing Facilities in case emergency evacuation is needed. Bank Tower in Los Angeles is an example, police departments use heliports as a base for police helicopters, and larger departments may have a dedicated large heliport facility dedicated such as the LAPD Hooper Heliport. Heliports are common features at hospitals where they serve to facilitate Helicopter Air Ambulance and MEDEVACs for transferring patients into, some large trauma centers have multiple heliports while most small hospitals have just one. The National EMS Pilots Association has published multiple white papers, surveys, while heliports can be oriented in a any direction they will have generally have very definitive approach and departure paths
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Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
4.
Saskatchewan
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Saskatchewan is a prairie and boreal province in west-central Canada, the only province without natural borders. It has an area of 651,900 square kilometres, nearly 10 percent of which is water, composed mostly of rivers, reservoirs. As of December 2013, Saskatchewans population was estimated at 1,114,170, residents primarily live in the southern prairie half of the province, while the northern boreal half is mostly forested and sparsely populated. Of the total population, roughly half live in the provinces largest city, Saskatoon, or the provincial capital, other notable cities include Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Yorkton, Swift Current, North Battleford, and the border city Lloydminster. Saskatchewan is a province with large distances to moderating bodies of waters. As a result, its climate is continental, rendering severe winters throughout the province. Southern areas have very warm or hot summers, Midale and Yellow Grass near the U. S. border are tied for the highest ever recorded temperatures in Canada with 45 °C observed at both locations on July 5,1937. In winter, temperatures below −45 °C are possible even in the south during extreme cold snaps, Saskatchewan has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups, and first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774. It became a province in 1905, carved out from the vast North-West Territories, in the early 20th century the province became known as a stronghold for Canadian social democracy, North Americas first social-democratic government was elected in 1944. The provinces economy is based on agriculture, mining, and energy, Saskatchewans current premier is Brad Wall and its lieutenant-governor is Vaughn Solomon Schofield. In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a land claim agreement with First Nations in Saskatchewan. The First Nations received compensation and were permitted to buy land on the market for the tribes, they have acquired about 3,079 square kilometres. Some First Nations have used their settlement to invest in urban areas and its name derived from the Saskatchewan River. The river was known as kisiskāciwani-sīpiy in the Cree language, as Saskatchewans borders largely follow the geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude, the province is roughly a quadrilateral, or a shape with four sides. However the 49th parallel boundary and the 60th northern border appear curved on globes, additionally, the eastern boundary of the province is partially crooked rather than following a line of longitude, as correction lines were devised by surveyors prior to the homestead program. S. States of Montana and North Dakota, Saskatchewan has the distinction of being the only Canadian province for which no borders correspond to physical geographic features. Along with Alberta, Saskatchewan is one of only two land-locked provinces, the overwhelming majority of Saskatchewans population is located in the southern third of the province, south of the 53rd parallel. Saskatchewan contains two natural regions, the Canadian Shield in the north and the Interior Plains in the south
5.
ICAO airport code
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The ICAO airport code or location indicator is a four-character alphanumeric code designating aerodromes around the world. ICAO codes are used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations, International Flight Service Stations or Area Control Centers. Flight information regions are identified by a unique ICAO-code. Code selections in North America were based on existing radio station identifiers, for example, radio stations in Canada were already starting with C, so it seemed logical to begin Canadian airport identifiers with Cxxx. The United States had many pre-existing airports with established mnemonic codes and their ICAO codes were formed simply by prepending a K to the existing codes, as half the radio station identifiers in the US began with K. Most ICAO codes outside the US and Canada have a geographical structure. Most of the rest of the world was classified in a more planned top-down manner, thus Uxxx referred to the Soviet Union with the second letter denoting the specific region within it, and so forth. Europe had too many locations for one starting letter, so it was split into Exxx for northern Europe. The second letter was more specific, EGxx was the United Kingdom, EDxx was West Germany, ETxx was East Germany, LExx was Spain, LAxx was Albania, France was designated LFxx, as the counterpart EFxx was the unambiguously northern Finland. ICAO codes are separate and different from IATA codes, which are used for airline timetables, reservations. For example, the IATA code for Londons Heathrow Airport is LHR, in general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country. Far more aerodromes have ICAO codes than IATA codes, and to add to the confusion IATA codes are assigned to railway stations. Unlike the IATA codes, the ICAO codes generally have a structure and are comprehensive. In general, the first letter is allocated by continent and represents a country or group of countries within that continent, the second letter generally represents a country within that region, and the remaining two are used to identify each airport. The exception to rule is larger countries that have single-letter country codes. In either case, ICAO codes generally provide geographical context unlike IATA codes, for example, if one knows that the ICAO code for Heathrow is EGLL, then one can deduce that the airport EGGP is somewhere in the UK. On the other hand, knowing that the IATA code for Heathrow is LHR does not enable one to deduce the location of the airport LHV with any greater certainty, there are a few exceptions to the regional structure of the ICAO code made for political or administrative reasons. Similarly Saint Pierre and Miquelon is controlled by France, and airports there are assigned LFxx as though they were in Europe, further, in region L, all available 2-letter prefixes have been exhausted and thus no additional countries can be added
6.
Transport Canada
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Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing regulations, policies and services of transportation in Canada. It is part of the Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities portfolio, the current Minister of Transport is Marc Garneau. Transport Canada has its offices in Ottawa, Ontario, the Department of Transport was created in 1935 by the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King in recognition of the changing transportation environment in Canada at the time. He created a National Harbours Board and Trans-Canada Air Lines, the Department of Transport Act came into force November 2,1936. Transport Canada emerged from this process as a department focused on policy, in 2004, Transport Canada introduced non-passenger screening to enhance both airport and civil aviation security. Transport Canadas headquarters are located in Ottawa, at Place de Ville, each inspector with delegated power from the Minister of Transport receives official credentials to exercise their power, as shown on the right. These inspectors are public officers identified within the Criminal Code of Canada, the Motor Vehicle Safety Act was established in 1971 in order to create safety standards for cars in Canada. The department also acts as the governments funding partner with provincial transport ministries on jointly-funded provincial transportation infrastructure projects for new highways. On June 26,2013, the Fair Rail Freight Service Act became law which was a response to the Rail Freight Service Review’s Final Report, Transport Canada is responsible for the waterways inside and surrounding Canada. As was certain regulatory aspects of Emergency Response Transport Canadas role in aviation seems to be the most detailed, until 1996, Transport Canada was responsible for both regulation of aviation and the operation of air traffic services, as well as the operation of most major airports. This change was controversial because NAV CANADA began charging for services that were funded through general tax revenue. In 2005, the United States was discussing a similar delegation of the FAAs air traffic services to a government corporation. During the 1990s, Transport Canada also began privatizing the operation of large airports, in 2003, Transport Canada launched its Electronic Collection of Air Transportation Statistics program to collect passenger and cargo data in real-time from air carriers flying in Canada. ECATS will expand into the field of aviation during 2008. Transport Canada also collects data on all accidents and incidents, no matter how minor, Transport Canada continues to be responsible for licensing pilots and other aviation specialists as well as registering and inspecting aircraft. It is also responsible for the safety certification and continuous safety oversight of most forms of commercial operations, the Canadian Aviation Regulations are also under Transport Canada control. Transport Canadas Civil Aviation Directorate or is Canadas civil aviation authority and it existed since 1936 when civil aviation was transferred from the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence. de Havilland Canada Dash 7-150IR. In September 2009, the CBCs Fifth Estate produced a report Riding on Risk, the story was sparked by a lost memory stick which was found by a journalism student
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Alida, Saskatchewan
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Alida is a village, in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, approximately 85 km east of Estevan. Farming and oil are the local industries. Several ghost towns are in the vicinity, including Nottingham, Saskatchewan to the east, Auburton, to the west, Alida Memorial Hall is the location of weekly bingos and an annual dinner theatre. The local school closed down in 2005, and students are bused to Carnduff, Oxbow, the local hockey team is the Alida Wrecks. The economic viability of the line had been in question for some time, track was removed beginning in 1978. The local area was settled by immigrants from Europe, and other parts of North America, dan DAutremont - Saskatchewan Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Cannington. Saskatchewan Roman Catholic Churches ~ Online Parish Registers ~ History >> Cantal - Alida
8.
Assiniboia, Saskatchewan
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Assiniboia is a town in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located 110 kilometres south-southwest of Moose Jaw beside Highway 2, the Dominion Land Surveys description of the area around Assiniboia is Sec.18, Twp.8, R.29, W2. It was first settled by people of English, French, Romanian, Scottish, from 30 March 1908 to 23 November 1912, the post office at this location was named Leeville, Saskatchewan. The settlement of Assiniboia originated on 12 October 1912, when the Canadian Pacific Railway put 980 lots up for sale at the townsite as it built a line through southern Saskatchewan. The community grew rapidly and on 22 December 1912 it was incorporated as a village, in 1913, the population rose from 400 to 1,400, and the community was incorporated as a town. The towns name comes from the district of Assiniboia, in which the town is located. During the Great Depression, town officials employed out-of-work men to construct the Assiniboia sewer system, unfortunately, the town could not afford to operate it until 1948. The RCAF Station Assiniboia World War II airfield, is located 10 km north of Assiniboia and it was used for elementary flight school training during the World War II years of 1942-1944. Seventh Avenue School Assiniboia Elementary School Assiniboia Composite High School Southeast Regional College - Assiniboia Campus Official website Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
9.
Biggar, Saskatchewan
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Biggar is a town in central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located on Highway 14,93 kilometres west of Saskatoon, Biggar has become well known for its unusual town slogan, an Olympic athlete, and a world-record deer. The town was featured on American morning newsmagazine The Today Show in February 2010 as part of an ongoing Canadian-oriented segment during the 2010 Winter Olympics, Biggar was incorporated as a village in 1909. It was named after William Hodgins Biggar, general counsel of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway which had come through the area in 1908, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway made Biggar a divisional point on its line, building a large station and roundhouse. The population grew as Biggar became a terminal where train crews were changed. In 1911 Biggar was incorporated as a town, settlement continued and the population increased to greater than 2,000 by the mid-1920s, peaking at 2,755 in 1966. According to the 2011 census, Biggar is now home to 2,161 people, the town is known for its slogan New York is big, but this is Biggar. It was created in 1914 by a crew who painted it onto a town sign as a drunken prank. According to The Biggar Museum and Gallery, the graffiti remained unchanged until 1954 when the slogan was officially adopted, the Biggar railway station was constructed in 1909-1910 and is serviced by Via Rail with The Canadian serving the station up to three times per week. Biggar’s prosperity was tied to the railway for many years. Up to 500 local people were at one time employed by Canadian National Railway and that number has now dropped to under 200. As the railway industry has decreased, Biggar has shifted its economy to agriculture, Biggar is home to Prairie Malt Limited, a large barley processing plant. The malthouse has a capacity of 220,000 metric tonnes. Malt is an ingredient in beer and whisky. Prairie Malt employs approximately 70 full-time employees and it creates significant spin-off employment among local trucking firms such as Biggar Transport, with a fleet of over 50 trucks. The Town of Biggar lists more than 150 businesses and services on its website and these include a manufacturer of petroleum and hazardous material containment tanks, a sodium sulphate plant, a large greenhouse and a variety of financial, farm and health services. Two school divisions operate in Biggar, the public school is Biggar Central 2000, a kindergarten to grade twelve school a part of Sun West School Division. Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools operates St. Gabriel School, a Catholic kindergarten to grade nine school, great Plains College offers post-secondary certificates and diplomas in nursing, emergency medical technician, electrician and truck driving
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Buffalo Narrows
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Buffalo Narrows is a northern village in Northern Saskatchewan. It is a community of 1,153 people, located at the Narrows between Peter Pond Lake and Churchill Lake, tourism and resource extraction are its main economic activities. Buffalo Narrows or Détroit du Boeuf as it was called in French was founded in the early 20th century as a trapping, the community developed around an earlier Dene settlement. John Macoun, who was travelling the fur trade route from Methye Portage to Lac Île-à-la-Crosse visited the Narrows in September 1875, chipewyan House is situated at the eastern end of the Narrows, and at the head of Clearwater Lake. Here the Chipewyans have built themselves a number of houses, chipewyan House where Macoun stayed for about four days was probably a small outpost of the Hudsons Bay Company much like Buffalo House at Dillon and Bulls House on the La Loche River. Clearwater Lake was renamed Churchill Lake in 1944 and Buffalo Lake was renamed Peter Pond Lake in 1932, Buffalo Narrows is notable for its scenery and its bridge that crosses the Kisis Channel. The bridge was opened in 1981 replacing a ferry. This channel links Peter Pond Lake and Churchill Lake, the dunes of Buffalo Narrows Sand Dunes Park located 5 km north of downtown create a 10 km fine sandy beach along the southwest shore of Big Peter Pond Lake. The park, which is 3,650 hectares in size, formerly Crown land, the recreation area was transferred to the Northern Village of Buffalo Narrows in 2003. The community has assumed the responsibility for its maintenance and development, the beach is a nesting site of the vulnerable sparrow-sized piping plover. Buffalo Narrows is connected to the rest of Saskatchewan by Highway 155, Highway 155 is paved along its whole length. The community is served by the Buffalo Narrows Airport and the Buffalo Narrows Water Aerodrome, the Saskatchewan Transportation Company offers bus service for passengers and freight. The route goes from La Loche to Prince Albert and back, the school in Buffalo Narrows is called Twin Lakes Community School or TLCS. The K-12 school has approximately 310 students and about 30 teachers and is part of the Northern Lights School Division #113, northlands College maintains a satellite campus in Buffalo Narrows. Ministry of Northern Affairs Map of Buffalo Narrows A History of Buffalo Narrows Buffalo Narrows Community Profile
11.
Black Lake, Saskatchewan
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Black Lake is a Denesuline First Nations band government in the boreal forest of northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located on the northwest shore of Black Lake where the Fond du Lac River leaves the lake to flow to Lake Athabasca and it is the main administrative headquarters of the Black Lake Denesuline Nation reserve with a land base of over 32,000 hectares. Formerly, the Black Lake band used the name Stony Rapids, Black Lake Dene Nation is a band government with territory at three locations, Chicken 224, Chicken 225 and Chicken 226. Chicken 224 is 25,819.40 hectares 59. 1896°N105. 6353°W /59.1896, -105.6353. It includes the village of Black Lake and extends from Black Lake up to the border of the village of Stony Rapids and it is a member of the Prince Albert Grand Council. The 2011 census reported 1,040 residents of Black Lake chose Dene as their mother tongue in 2011, all but 5 residents spoke English. Like nearby Stony Rapids, for most of the year Black Lake is not accessible via road from the rest of the province. There is a secondary highway providing access between it and Stony Rapids, however, during winter a seasonal road connects the area to Saskatchewan Provincial Road 905. The community is served by air by Black Lake Water Aerodrome, the Athabasca Health Facility completed in 2003 at the cost of $12.7 million provides health care services to the Athabasca region. The hospital, located on land adjacent to the northern hamlet of Stony Rapids, is part of the Athabasca Health Authority. Father Porte Memorial School offers kindergarten to 12 and has an enrolment of 460 students
12.
Canora, Saskatchewan
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Canora is located at the junction of highways No.5 and 9 in East Central Saskatchewan. Centrally located on the corners of four adjacent rural municipalities, the community is home to approximately 2,200 residents and draws upon a substantial trading area. Canoras name comes from the first two letters of the words Canadian Northern Railway, as the village was incorporated in 1905 around a station of the Canadian Northern Railway. The CNoR was one of the companies that evolved into the Canadian National Railway Company, the Canora railway station, on the CN line, is served by Via Rail on its passenger service from Winnipeg to Churchill, Manitoba. Canora became a village in 1905 and was incorporated as a town in 1910, Canora is known as the Heart of Good Spirit Country as a result of its proximity to several lakes and parks, including Crystal Lake, Good Spirit Lake and Duck Mountain Provincial Park. The area is home to Saskatchewan’s greatest number of courses per capita. The town was judged to have the municipal water in Canada at the 13th annual international water tasting competition held in 2003 in Bath, West Virginia. Canora’s water, supplied by several ground wells northeast of the community, free samples of this great-tasting water are available at the CN Station House Museum during the summer months. Canora is protected by the Canora-Sturgis RCMP detachment, the detachment has 8 members, between Canora and Sturgis. Canora and area is served by a full-time Ambulance service – consisting of 3 PCPs,3 ICPs, canoras fire protection is provided by 21 professionally trained and certified paid-per-call staff. Along with fire protection they provide rescue services such as vehicle extrication. Their services are also utilised in surrounding Rural Municipalities, List of communities in Saskatchewan List of towns in Saskatchewan Town of Canora Canora, SKs town flag
13.
Carlyle, Saskatchewan
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Carlyle is a town in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. It was featured on Global Saskatoons focus Saskatchewan on January 12,2014, Carlyle was incorporated as a village in 1902, and as a town in 1905. The CPR was constructed and in operation in 1900, the CNR laid steel into the townsite on October 28,1909, and on July 7,1910, the first passenger went through town. Early settlers to the district were mainly of British descent, trains were running through the town site in 1901 and the population increased from 23 that year to nearly 400 in 1906. In 1941, Carlyle still had around this number, but by 1956 the population had surged to 829, subsequently, and unusually for a smaller community in Saskatchewan, Carlyles population has slowly but steadily continued to climb. The town is 24 km south of Moose Mountain Provincial Park, the former Carlyle railway station now houses the Rusty Relics Museum. The Carlyle Airport is owned and operated by the town, the Bear Claw Casino & Hotel is located near Carlyle. The town holds the only Dickens Festival in Canada over the first weekend of December each year since 2002, the Cornerstone Theatre group runs at least two shows a year. The one on the first weekend in December is in co-ordination with the Dickens Village Festival, the theatre shows are sold out every year. Brenden Morrow – hockey player Eliza Beatty – Silver Cross Mother Official website
14.
Cigar Lake Mine
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The Cigar Lake Mine is the largest high grade uranium deposit in the world, located in the uranium rich Athabasca Basin of northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The deposit, discovered in 1981, is second in size of high-grade deposits only to the McArthur River mine, other deposits, such as Olympic Dam in Australia, contain more uranium, but not at the significant grades of the Saskatchewan deposits. The average grade at Cigar Lake is in excess of 20%, full scale construction began in 2005 with production originally planned for 2007, but the mine experienced a catastrophic water inflow in October 2006, which flooded the mine. A second inflow occurred in 2008 during the first attempt at dewatering the mine after sealing the initial inflow, remediation efforts continued, and re-entry was successfully accomplished in 2010. Production has been delayed several times with the dates being announced for 2011,2013. It has been suggested that the 2006 flood was a cause of the uranium bubble of 2007. On March 13,2014, ore production began at the Cigar Lake uranium mining operation in northern Saskatchewan, the mine is owned by Cameco Corporation, AREVA Resources Canada Inc, Idemitsu Canada Resources Ltd. and TEPCO Resources Inc. On August 29,2016, an unidentified young contract worker on his break was jumped and mauled by a lone wolf less than 100 m from Cigar Lakes main campsite. A nearby female security guard frightened the wolf away, administered first aid, after the attack, authorities ordered that area wolves be shot, that food disposal systems and fencing be inspected, and that staff be educated. Uranium market Unconformity uranium deposits Deep geological repository Cigar Lake Airport Cluff Lake mine Key Lake mine McClean Lake mine Rabbit Lake mine Cigar Lake
