1.
Aerodrome
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An aerodrome or airdrome is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither. Aerodromes include small general aviation airfields, large airports. The term airport may imply a certain stature that an aerodrome may not have achieved and that is to say, all airports are aerodromes, but not all aerodromes are airports. Usage of the term aerodrome remains more common in the UK and Commonwealth nations, a water aerodrome is an area of open water used regularly by seaplanes or amphibious aircraft for landing and taking off. The word aerodrome derives from Ancient Greek ἀήρ, air, and δρόμος, road or course, an ancient linguistic parallel is hippodrome, derived from ἵππος, horse, and δρόμος, course. In Canada and Australia, aerodrome is a term of art for any area of land or water used for aircraft operation. International Civil Aviation Organization documents use the aerodrome, for example, in the Annex to the ICAO Convention about aerodromes, their physical characteristics. However, the airfield or airport mostly superseded use of aerodrome after World War II. The city of the first aerodrome in the world is a French commune named Viry-Chatillon, the unimproved airfield remains a phenomenon in military aspects. The DHC-4 Caribou served in the U. S. military in Vietnam, landing on rough, earlier, the Ju-52 and Fieseler Storch could do the same, one example of the latter taking off from the Führerbunker whilst completely surrounded by Russian troops. An airport is an aerodrome certificated for commercial flights, an air base is an aerodrome with significant facilities to support aircraft and crew. The term is reserved for military bases, but also applies to civil seaplane bases. An airstrip is an aerodrome that consists only of a runway with perhaps fueling equipment. They are generally in remote locations, many airstrips were built on the hundreds of islands in the Pacific Ocean during World War II. A few airstrips grew to become full-fledged airbases as strategic or economic importance of a region increased over time. An Advanced Landing Ground was an airstrip used by the Allies in the run-up to and during the invasion of Normandy. A water aerodrome is an area of water used regularly by seaplanes or amphibious aircraft for landing and taking off. It may have a building on land and/or a place where the plane can come to shore
2.
Heliport
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A Heliport is by definition an area of land, water, or structure used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of helicopters, and includes its buildings and facilities. In other words, it is an airport suitable for use by helicopters. Designated heliports typically contain one or more touchdown and liftoff area, in some larger towns and cities, customs facilities may also be available. Early advocates of helicopters hoped that heliports would become widespread, other terms used to refer to a heliport are, Helistop - A term sometimes used to describe a minimally developed heliport for boarding and discharging passengers or cargo. Helipad - A term oftentimes confused with heliport or helistop, the only reference of this term in the U. S. Helideck - Used to describe the area on a vessel or offshore structure on which helicopters may land. The airspace immediately surrounding the heliport is called the Primary Surface and this area coincides in shape and size with the designated take-off and landing area. This surface is a horizontal plane equal to the elevation of the established heliport elevation, the Primary Surface is further broken down into three distinct regions. These are, the Touchdown and Liftoff area, the Final Approach and Takeoff area, the TLOF is a load-bearing, generally paved area, normally centered in the FATO, on which the helicopter lands and/or takes off. The FATO is an area over which the pilot completes the final phase of the approach to a hover or a landing. The FATO elevation is the lowest elevation of the edge of the TLOF, the Safety Area is a defined area on a heliport surrounding the FATO intended to reduce the risk of damage to helicopters accidentally diverging from the FATO. In a large metropolitan and urban areas a heliport can serve passengers needing to move within the city or to outlying regions. Generally heliports can be situated closer to a town or city center than an airport for fixed-wing aircraft, the advantage in flying by helicopter to a destination or even to the citys main airport is that travel can be much faster than driving. Some skyscrapers feature rooftop heliports or helistops to serve the needs of executives or clients. Many of these sites also serve as Emergency Helicopter Landing Facilities in case emergency evacuation is needed. Bank Tower in Los Angeles is an example, police departments use heliports as a base for police helicopters, and larger departments may have a dedicated large heliport facility dedicated such as the LAPD Hooper Heliport. Heliports are common features at hospitals where they serve to facilitate Helicopter Air Ambulance and MEDEVACs for transferring patients into, some large trauma centers have multiple heliports while most small hospitals have just one. The National EMS Pilots Association has published multiple white papers, surveys, while heliports can be oriented in a any direction they will have generally have very definitive approach and departure paths
3.
Provinces and territories of Canada
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Canadas geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance. Over its history, Canadas international borders have changed several times, the ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, Quebec was originally a French colony, the three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the worlds second-largest country by area, the powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively. In modern Canadian constitutional theory, the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions, the territories are not sovereign, but simply part of the federal realm, and have a commissioner who represents the federal government. Notes, There are three territories in Canada, unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent sovereignty and have only those powers delegated to them by the federal government. They include all of mainland Canada north of latitude 60° north and west of Hudson Bay, the following table lists the territories in order of precedence. Prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were united as the Province of Canada, over the following years, Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were added as provinces. The Hudsons Bay Company controlled large swathes of western Canada referred to as Ruperts Land and the North-Western Territory until 1870, subsequently, the area was re-organized into the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. The remaining Arctic islands were transferred by Britain to Canada in 1880,1898 saw the Yukon Territory, later renamed simply as Yukon, carved from the parts of the Northwest Territories surrounding the Klondike gold fields. On September 1,1905, a portion of the Northwest Territories south of the 60th parallel north became the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1912, the boundaries of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba were expanded northward, Manitobas to the 60° parallel, Ontarios to Hudson Bay, in 1907, Newfoundland acquired dominion status. In the middle of the Great Depression in Canada with Newfoundland facing a period of economic crisis. In 2001, it was officially renamed Newfoundland and Labrador, in 1903, the Alaska Panhandle Dispute fixed British Columbias northwestern boundary. This was one of two provinces in Canadian history to have its size reduced. In 1999, Nunavut was created from the portion of the Northwest Territories. Yukon lies in the portion of The North, while Nunavut is in the east. All three territories combined are the most sparsely populated region in Canada, covering 3,921,739 km2 in land area and they are often referred to as a single region, The North, for organisational and economic purposes
4.
Saskatchewan
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Saskatchewan is a prairie and boreal province in west-central Canada, the only province without natural borders. It has an area of 651,900 square kilometres, nearly 10 percent of which is water, composed mostly of rivers, reservoirs. As of December 2013, Saskatchewans population was estimated at 1,114,170, residents primarily live in the southern prairie half of the province, while the northern boreal half is mostly forested and sparsely populated. Of the total population, roughly half live in the provinces largest city, Saskatoon, or the provincial capital, other notable cities include Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Yorkton, Swift Current, North Battleford, and the border city Lloydminster. Saskatchewan is a province with large distances to moderating bodies of waters. As a result, its climate is continental, rendering severe winters throughout the province. Southern areas have very warm or hot summers, Midale and Yellow Grass near the U. S. border are tied for the highest ever recorded temperatures in Canada with 45 °C observed at both locations on July 5,1937. In winter, temperatures below −45 °C are possible even in the south during extreme cold snaps, Saskatchewan has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups, and first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774. It became a province in 1905, carved out from the vast North-West Territories, in the early 20th century the province became known as a stronghold for Canadian social democracy, North Americas first social-democratic government was elected in 1944. The provinces economy is based on agriculture, mining, and energy, Saskatchewans current premier is Brad Wall and its lieutenant-governor is Vaughn Solomon Schofield. In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a land claim agreement with First Nations in Saskatchewan. The First Nations received compensation and were permitted to buy land on the market for the tribes, they have acquired about 3,079 square kilometres. Some First Nations have used their settlement to invest in urban areas and its name derived from the Saskatchewan River. The river was known as kisiskāciwani-sīpiy in the Cree language, as Saskatchewans borders largely follow the geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude, the province is roughly a quadrilateral, or a shape with four sides. However the 49th parallel boundary and the 60th northern border appear curved on globes, additionally, the eastern boundary of the province is partially crooked rather than following a line of longitude, as correction lines were devised by surveyors prior to the homestead program. S. States of Montana and North Dakota, Saskatchewan has the distinction of being the only Canadian province for which no borders correspond to physical geographic features. Along with Alberta, Saskatchewan is one of only two land-locked provinces, the overwhelming majority of Saskatchewans population is located in the southern third of the province, south of the 53rd parallel. Saskatchewan contains two natural regions, the Canadian Shield in the north and the Interior Plains in the south
5.
Biggar, Saskatchewan
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Biggar is a town in central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located on Highway 14,93 kilometres west of Saskatoon, Biggar has become well known for its unusual town slogan, an Olympic athlete, and a world-record deer. The town was featured on American morning newsmagazine The Today Show in February 2010 as part of an ongoing Canadian-oriented segment during the 2010 Winter Olympics, Biggar was incorporated as a village in 1909. It was named after William Hodgins Biggar, general counsel of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway which had come through the area in 1908, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway made Biggar a divisional point on its line, building a large station and roundhouse. The population grew as Biggar became a terminal where train crews were changed. In 1911 Biggar was incorporated as a town, settlement continued and the population increased to greater than 2,000 by the mid-1920s, peaking at 2,755 in 1966. According to the 2011 census, Biggar is now home to 2,161 people, the town is known for its slogan New York is big, but this is Biggar. It was created in 1914 by a crew who painted it onto a town sign as a drunken prank. According to The Biggar Museum and Gallery, the graffiti remained unchanged until 1954 when the slogan was officially adopted, the Biggar railway station was constructed in 1909-1910 and is serviced by Via Rail with The Canadian serving the station up to three times per week. Biggar’s prosperity was tied to the railway for many years. Up to 500 local people were at one time employed by Canadian National Railway and that number has now dropped to under 200. As the railway industry has decreased, Biggar has shifted its economy to agriculture, Biggar is home to Prairie Malt Limited, a large barley processing plant. The malthouse has a capacity of 220,000 metric tonnes. Malt is an ingredient in beer and whisky. Prairie Malt employs approximately 70 full-time employees and it creates significant spin-off employment among local trucking firms such as Biggar Transport, with a fleet of over 50 trucks. The Town of Biggar lists more than 150 businesses and services on its website and these include a manufacturer of petroleum and hazardous material containment tanks, a sodium sulphate plant, a large greenhouse and a variety of financial, farm and health services. Two school divisions operate in Biggar, the public school is Biggar Central 2000, a kindergarten to grade twelve school a part of Sun West School Division. Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools operates St. Gabriel School, a Catholic kindergarten to grade nine school, great Plains College offers post-secondary certificates and diplomas in nursing, emergency medical technician, electrician and truck driving
6.
Buffalo Narrows
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Buffalo Narrows is a northern village in Northern Saskatchewan. It is a community of 1,153 people, located at the Narrows between Peter Pond Lake and Churchill Lake, tourism and resource extraction are its main economic activities. Buffalo Narrows or Détroit du Boeuf as it was called in French was founded in the early 20th century as a trapping, the community developed around an earlier Dene settlement. John Macoun, who was travelling the fur trade route from Methye Portage to Lac Île-à-la-Crosse visited the Narrows in September 1875, chipewyan House is situated at the eastern end of the Narrows, and at the head of Clearwater Lake. Here the Chipewyans have built themselves a number of houses, chipewyan House where Macoun stayed for about four days was probably a small outpost of the Hudsons Bay Company much like Buffalo House at Dillon and Bulls House on the La Loche River. Clearwater Lake was renamed Churchill Lake in 1944 and Buffalo Lake was renamed Peter Pond Lake in 1932, Buffalo Narrows is notable for its scenery and its bridge that crosses the Kisis Channel. The bridge was opened in 1981 replacing a ferry. This channel links Peter Pond Lake and Churchill Lake, the dunes of Buffalo Narrows Sand Dunes Park located 5 km north of downtown create a 10 km fine sandy beach along the southwest shore of Big Peter Pond Lake. The park, which is 3,650 hectares in size, formerly Crown land, the recreation area was transferred to the Northern Village of Buffalo Narrows in 2003. The community has assumed the responsibility for its maintenance and development, the beach is a nesting site of the vulnerable sparrow-sized piping plover. Buffalo Narrows is connected to the rest of Saskatchewan by Highway 155, Highway 155 is paved along its whole length. The community is served by the Buffalo Narrows Airport and the Buffalo Narrows Water Aerodrome, the Saskatchewan Transportation Company offers bus service for passengers and freight. The route goes from La Loche to Prince Albert and back, the school in Buffalo Narrows is called Twin Lakes Community School or TLCS. The K-12 school has approximately 310 students and about 30 teachers and is part of the Northern Lights School Division #113, northlands College maintains a satellite campus in Buffalo Narrows. Ministry of Northern Affairs Map of Buffalo Narrows A History of Buffalo Narrows Buffalo Narrows Community Profile
7.
Transport Canada
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Transport Canada is the department within the government of Canada which is responsible for developing regulations, policies and services of transportation in Canada. It is part of the Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities portfolio, the current Minister of Transport is Marc Garneau. Transport Canada has its offices in Ottawa, Ontario, the Department of Transport was created in 1935 by the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King in recognition of the changing transportation environment in Canada at the time. He created a National Harbours Board and Trans-Canada Air Lines, the Department of Transport Act came into force November 2,1936. Transport Canada emerged from this process as a department focused on policy, in 2004, Transport Canada introduced non-passenger screening to enhance both airport and civil aviation security. Transport Canadas headquarters are located in Ottawa, at Place de Ville, each inspector with delegated power from the Minister of Transport receives official credentials to exercise their power, as shown on the right. These inspectors are public officers identified within the Criminal Code of Canada, the Motor Vehicle Safety Act was established in 1971 in order to create safety standards for cars in Canada. The department also acts as the governments funding partner with provincial transport ministries on jointly-funded provincial transportation infrastructure projects for new highways. On June 26,2013, the Fair Rail Freight Service Act became law which was a response to the Rail Freight Service Review’s Final Report, Transport Canada is responsible for the waterways inside and surrounding Canada. As was certain regulatory aspects of Emergency Response Transport Canadas role in aviation seems to be the most detailed, until 1996, Transport Canada was responsible for both regulation of aviation and the operation of air traffic services, as well as the operation of most major airports. This change was controversial because NAV CANADA began charging for services that were funded through general tax revenue. In 2005, the United States was discussing a similar delegation of the FAAs air traffic services to a government corporation. During the 1990s, Transport Canada also began privatizing the operation of large airports, in 2003, Transport Canada launched its Electronic Collection of Air Transportation Statistics program to collect passenger and cargo data in real-time from air carriers flying in Canada. ECATS will expand into the field of aviation during 2008. Transport Canada also collects data on all accidents and incidents, no matter how minor, Transport Canada continues to be responsible for licensing pilots and other aviation specialists as well as registering and inspecting aircraft. It is also responsible for the safety certification and continuous safety oversight of most forms of commercial operations, the Canadian Aviation Regulations are also under Transport Canada control. Transport Canadas Civil Aviation Directorate or is Canadas civil aviation authority and it existed since 1936 when civil aviation was transferred from the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence. de Havilland Canada Dash 7-150IR. In September 2009, the CBCs Fifth Estate produced a report Riding on Risk, the story was sparked by a lost memory stick which was found by a journalism student
8.
Canora, Saskatchewan
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Canora is located at the junction of highways No.5 and 9 in East Central Saskatchewan. Centrally located on the corners of four adjacent rural municipalities, the community is home to approximately 2,200 residents and draws upon a substantial trading area. Canoras name comes from the first two letters of the words Canadian Northern Railway, as the village was incorporated in 1905 around a station of the Canadian Northern Railway. The CNoR was one of the companies that evolved into the Canadian National Railway Company, the Canora railway station, on the CN line, is served by Via Rail on its passenger service from Winnipeg to Churchill, Manitoba. Canora became a village in 1905 and was incorporated as a town in 1910, Canora is known as the Heart of Good Spirit Country as a result of its proximity to several lakes and parks, including Crystal Lake, Good Spirit Lake and Duck Mountain Provincial Park. The area is home to Saskatchewan’s greatest number of courses per capita. The town was judged to have the municipal water in Canada at the 13th annual international water tasting competition held in 2003 in Bath, West Virginia. Canora’s water, supplied by several ground wells northeast of the community, free samples of this great-tasting water are available at the CN Station House Museum during the summer months. Canora is protected by the Canora-Sturgis RCMP detachment, the detachment has 8 members, between Canora and Sturgis. Canora and area is served by a full-time Ambulance service – consisting of 3 PCPs,3 ICPs, canoras fire protection is provided by 21 professionally trained and certified paid-per-call staff. Along with fire protection they provide rescue services such as vehicle extrication. Their services are also utilised in surrounding Rural Municipalities, List of communities in Saskatchewan List of towns in Saskatchewan Town of Canora Canora, SKs town flag
9.
Craik, Saskatchewan
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Craik is a town in south central Saskatchewan, Canada, incorporated on August 1,1907. It is strategically located along Provincial Highway 11 in the RM of Craik No,222,140 km southeast of Saskatoon and 117 km northwest of Regina. Craik began as a station along the railway line established between Regina and Saskatoon by 1890, with homesteading beginning in 1901. The route between the two settlements was by foot and cart prior to this. Many of the came from western Europe via the United States in response to the availability of farming land. Craik was incorporated as a village in 1903, and a town in 1907, Craik was part of the Davidson School Division, but after amalgamations of school divisions it became part of the Prairie South School Division. Craik is home to a kindergarten to grade 12 public school, Craik is part of the Saskatchewan Regional Centres of Expertise and is home to the Craik Sustainable Living Project, which is working to build a sustainable community. Major components of this project are the Eco-Village and Eco-Centre, as well as education and action, the towns economy is based almost exclusively on agriculture, although efforts by the town and RM have been made to attract and develop industry related to the principles of sustainability. The community has a compost program that includes kitchen scraps as well as seasonal yard waste, local news coverage is provided by the Craik Weekly News and the Davidson Leader. Recreation facilities include a curling/skating rink, ball fields, and golf course, the Craik and District Regional Park has an outdoor swimming pool as well as access to trails. The Craik Reservoir created by a dam on the Arm River is used for boating and fishing, the Prairie Pioneer Museum is a municipal heritage property on the Canadian Register of Historic Places. The Craik Town Hall built in 1912-13 is also on the Canadian Register of Historic Places. C. A. F war hero Official website Craik Sustainable Living Project
10.
Cudworth, Saskatchewan
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Cudworth is a small Canadian town located approximately 85 km north east of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in the Minnichinas hills. Cudworth is in hilly partially forested country east of the South Saskatchewan River, the area is part of the aspen parkland biome. Cudworth had a population of 770 people in 2011 and it has a public K-12 school,60 local businesses and 3 churches serving the rural area surrounding it. It is surrounded by an agricultural community. The first pioneers settled the area west of modern-day Cudworth in the late 19th century, German settlers arrived in 1903 and settled in nearby Leofeld, Saskatchewan. When the village was established in 1911 it was named after the English philosopher Ralph Cudworth, present day Cudworth continues to consist mainly of families with Ukrainian, and German origins. The town was peopled primarily by settlers of Eastern European origin including Germany, Hungary, Poland. In September 2008, Cudworths grain elevator went up into flames, Cudworth was one of three Saskatchewan towns that still had an original Saskatchewan Wheat Pool elevator and a Canadian National Railway train station. Located two miles west of Cudworth is the historic Our Lady of Sorrows Shrine, the site consists of an altar, chapel, statue and Stations of the Cross on a hill west of Highway 2. The shrine was established after three children saw a beautiful sad lady dragging chains and carrying a golden cross – when they approached her, there is an annual pilgrimage every year on the tenth Sunday after Easter. It is a pilgrimage of the Saskatoon Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy. The Cudworth Heritage Museum is a Municipal Heritage Property on the Canadian Register of Historic Places, the municipality operates the Cudworth Municipal Airport. Gerry Ehman Orland Kurtenbach Paul Shmyr Official website
11.
Scobey, Montana
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Scobey is a city in and the county seat of Daniels County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,017 at the 2010 census, during the height of the homestead boom in the 1910s, according to historical marker author Bob Fletcher, Scobey was the largest primary shipping point of grain in the world. Scobey is located at 48°47′27″N 105°25′12″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.76 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,017 people,472 households, the population density was 1,338.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 600 housing units at a density of 789.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 9% White,0. 1% African American,2. 5% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 6% of the population. 41. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 22. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the city was 49.9 years. 21. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,4. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,17. 2% were from 25 to 44,27. 8% were from 45 to 64, and 28. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 5% male and 51. 5% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,082 people,500 households, and 280 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,481.6 people per square mile, there were 611 housing units at an average density of 836.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 75% White,0. 74% Native American,0. 37% Asian,0. 92% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 50% of the population,39. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 22. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the family size was 2.81. In the city, the population was out with 21. 0% under the age of 18,4. 3% from 18 to 24,17. 6% from 25 to 44,29. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 50 years, for every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males, the median income for a household in the city was $45,553 and the median income for a family was $35,521. Males had an income of $27,411 versus $18,304 for females
