1.
San Francisco Bay Area
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The San Francisco Bay Area is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses the cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose, San Francisco. The Bay Areas nine counties are Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California, the fifth-largest in the United States, the Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States, and is known for its natural beauty, liberal politics, entrepreneurship, and diversity. The eastern side of the bay, consisting of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, is known locally as the East Bay, the inner East Bay is more densely populated, with generally older buildings, and a more ethnically diverse population. The word Lamorinda was coined by combining the names of the cities it includes, Lafayette, Moraga, walnut Creek is situated east of Lamorinda and north of the San Ramon Valley and, together with Concord, Martinez, and Pleasant Hill comprises Central Contra Costa County. The cities of Antioch, Pittsburg, Brentwood, Oakley and the areas surrounding them comprise East Contra Costa County. The Tri-Valley consists of the Amador, the Livermore, and the San Ramon Valleys, dublin and Pleasanton comprise the Amador Valley, Livermore lies in the Livermore Valley, and the San Ramon Valley consists of Alamo, Danville, Diablo and its namesake, San Ramon. The outer East Bay is connected to the inner East Bay by BART, Interstate 580 to the south, and State Routes State Route 4 to the north, the outer East Bays infrastructure was mostly built up after World War II. This area remains largely white demographically, although the Hispanic and Filipino populations have grown significantly over the past 2–3 decades, the region north of the Golden Gate Bridge is known locally as the North Bay. This area encompasses Marin County, Sonoma County, Napa County, the city of Fairfield, being part of Solano County, is often considered the easternmost city of the North Bay. With few exceptions, this region is affluent, Marin County is ranked as the wealthiest in the state. The North Bay is relatively rural compared to the remainder of the Bay Area, with areas of undeveloped open space, farmland. Santa Rosa in Sonoma County is the North Bays largest city, with a population of 167,815 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area population of 466,891, making it the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area. The North Bay is the section of the Bay Area that is not currently served by a commuter rail service. The area from San Francisco to the Silicon Valley, geographically part of the San Francisco Peninsula, is known locally as The Peninsula, many of these families are of foreign background and have significantly contributed to the diversity of the area. Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula, in local terms, San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, the north, east, and west. The city squeezes roughly 870,000 people in under 47 square miles, on any given day, there can be as many as 1 million people in the city because of the commuting population and tourism
2.
Owned-and-operated station
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In the broadcasting industry, an owned-and-operated station usually refers to a television or radio station that is owned by the network with which it is associated. This distinguishes such a station from an affiliate, which is independently owned, the concept of an O&O is clearly defined in the United States and Canada, where network-owned stations had historically been the exception rather than the rule. In the broadcasting industry, the term owned-and-operated station refers exclusively to stations that are owned by television, on the other hand, the term affiliate only applies to stations that are not owned by networks, but instead are contracted to air programming from one of the major networks. The term station correctly applies to the ownership of the station, for example, a station that is owned and operated by the American Broadcasting Company is referred to as an ABC station or an ABC O&O, but normally should not be referred to as an affiliate. Likewise, a station not owned by ABC but contracted to air the networks programming is referred to as an ABC affiliate, that is. A correct formal phrasing could be, ABC affiliate WFAA is a Gannett station, some stations that are owned by companies that operate a network, but air another networks programming are referred to as an affiliate of the network that they carry. For example, WBFS-TV in Miami is owned by the CBS networks parent company CBS Corporation, prior to the September 2006 shutdown of the CBS-owned UPN television network, WBFS aired that networks programming, therefore, WBFS was a UPN O&O. The stations carrying The WB Television Network were another exception, the controlling shares in the network were held by Time Warner, with minority interests from the Tribune Company and, for a portion of networks existence, the now-defunct ACME Communications. While Tribune-owned stations such as WGN-TV in Chicago, WPIX in New York City and KTLA in Los Angeles aired programming from The WB, a similar exception existed when UPN launched in January 1995 by co-owners Chris-Craft and Viacom. Each of the owned a number of stations that aired the network. However, the stations were not considered O&Os under the initial standard definition. This ambiguity ended with Viacoms buyout of Chris-Crafts share of the network in 2000, the stations were referred to informally as UPN O&Os. Following the shutdowns of UPN and The WB, CBS Corporation, Entertainment became co-owners of the new CW Television Network, which largely merged the programming from both networks onto the scheduling model used by The WB. The network launched in September 2006 on 11 UPN stations owned by CBS Corporation, certain UPN and WB affiliates in markets where Tribune and CBS both owned stations carrying those networks either picked up a MyNetworkTV affiliation or became independent stations. The standard definition of an O&O again does not apply to The CW, in Australia, Seven Network, Nine Network and Network Ten each own and operate stations in the five largest metropolitan areas. These television markets together account for two thirds of the countrys population, in addition, Seven also owns and operates its local station in regional Queensland, and Nine owns and operates its station in Darwin. Nine also owns and operates NBN Television, based in Newcastle, the two national public broadcasters, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Special Broadcasting Service, own and operate all of their local stations. In Japan, commercial terrestrial television is focused on five organizations, the four largest of these – Nippon TV, Tokyo Broadcasting System, Fuji Television, and TV Asahi – each own and operate stations in the Tokyo, Keihanshin, Chukyo and Fukuoka metropolitan areas
3.
KTVU
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KTVU, channel 2, is an owned-and-operated television station of the Fox Broadcasting Company, licensed to Oakland, California, USA and serving the San Francisco Bay Area. KTVU is owned by the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of 21st Century Fox, the two stations share studio facilities at Jack London Square in downtown Oakland, KTVU maintains transmitter facilities at Sutro Tower in San Francisco. The station first signed on the air on March 3,1958, KTVUs operations were inaugurated with a special live telecast from its temporary studio facility at the former Paris Theatre in downtown Oakland. Channel 2 was the commercial television station to sign on in the Bay Area. During its first 15 years on the air, KTVUs transmitter facilities were based from a tower on San Bruno Mountain in northern San Mateo County. KTVU moved its facilities to the Sutro Tower, after the structure was completed in 1973. The Ingrim–Pabst–Pauley group attempted to sell KTVU to NBC in 1960, under Coxs stewardship, channel 2 became the leading independent station in the San Francisco–Oakland market and one of the top-rated independents in the Western United States. KTVU retained this status even as competing independents on the UHF band signed on during the late 1960s, in the early 1960s, KTVU obtained the local broadcast rights to the Warner Bros. Pictures library, the films it broadcast from the studio consisted of those released during the 1950s, most being presented in color. Channel 2 was the first television station in the Bay Area to air such films as A Star Is Born, East of Eden, the station even televised the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Hollywood Revue of 1929 with some of the original two-strip Technicolor sequences. Continuing into its early years as a Fox affiliate, KTVU frequently aired classic movies in the 8,00 p. m. time slot as well as on Sunday afternoons. Many of the films presented were prints restored by the editing department to eliminate color and splicing errors. It also occasionally aired movies originally assigned an R rating for their release without editing for strong profanity, nudity or violence. In 1992, KTVU ran a version of the 1984 science fiction film Dune. In 1977, KTVU was uplinked to satellite as a superstation, being carried primarily on systems operated by cable television provider and corporate cousin. KTVU also carried programming from the Operation Prime Time programming service in 1978, the company formally announced the launch of the new network, the Fox Broadcasting Company, on May 7,1986. S. It was also one of the few independents to affiliate with the network which broadcast on the VHF band and had a local news identity. KTVU officially joined Fox seven months later on October 9,1986, in addition, Channel 2 began to air an afternoon cartoon block supplied by the network, Fox Kids, when the Monday through Saturday childrens lineup debuted in September 1990. m
4.
Oakland, California
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Oakland /ˈoʊklənd/ is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. The city was incorporated in 1852, Oaklands territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the citys population, increasing its housing stock and it continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry. Oakland is known for its sustainability practices, including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources, in addition, due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century, along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s. Oakland is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. The earliest known inhabitants were the Huchiun Indians, who lived there for thousands of years, the Huchiun belonged to a linguistic grouping later called the Ohlone. In Oakland, they were concentrated around Lake Merritt and Temescal Creek, in 1772, the area that later became Oakland was claimed, with the rest of California, by Spanish settlers for the King of Spain. In the early 19th century, the Spanish crown granted the East Bay area to Luis María Peralta for his Rancho San Antonio, the grant was confirmed by the successor Mexican republic upon its independence from Spain. Upon his death in 1842, Peralta divided his land among his four sons, Most of Oakland fell within the shares given to Antonio Maria and Vicente. The portion of the parcel that is now Oakland was called encinal—Spanish for oak grove—due to the oak forest that covered the area. In 1851, three men—Horace Carpentier, Edson Adams, and Andrew Moon—began developing what is now downtown Oakland, on May 4,1852, the Town of Oakland incorporated. Two years later, on March 25,1854, Oakland re-incorporated as the City of Oakland, with Horace Carpentier elected the first mayor, the city and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminal in the late 1860s and 1870s. In 1868, the Central Pacific constructed the Oakland Long Wharf at Oakland Point, a number of horsecar and cable car lines were constructed in Oakland during the latter half of the 19th century. The first electric streetcar set out from Oakland to Berkeley in 1891, at the time of incorporation, Oakland consisted of the territory that lay south of todays major intersection of San Pablo Avenue, Broadway, and Fourteenth Street. The city gradually annexed farmlands and settlements to the east and the north, Oaklands rise to industrial prominence, and its subsequent need for a seaport, led to the digging of a shipping and tidal channel in 1902. This resulted in the town of Alameda being made an island
5.
Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets, although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U. S. network. Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U. S, the network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studios predecessors, Fox Film. Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, 20th Century Fox had been involved in television production as early as the 1950s, producing several syndicated programs. Following the demise of the DuMont Television Network in August of that year after it became mired in financial problems. 20th Century Fox would also produce original content for the NTA network, KTTV in Los Angeles, KRIV in Houston, WFLD-TV in Chicago, and KRLD-TV in Dallas. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form a television network that would compete with ABC, CBS. The plans were to use the combination of the Fox studios, organizational plans for the network were held off until the Metromedia acquisitions cleared regulatory hurdles. Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a reach of 22% of the nations households. Except for KDAF, all of the original owned-and-operated stations are part of the Fox network today. Like the core O&O group, Foxs affiliate body consisted of independent stations. The Fox Broadcasting Company launched at 11,00 p. m. Eastern and its inaugural program was a late-night talk show, The Late Show, which was hosted by comedian Joan Rivers. By early 1987, Rivers quit The Late Show after disagreements with the network over the creative direction. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5,1987, with Children and the sketch comedy series The Tracey Ullman Show. Fox added one new show per week over the several weeks, with the drama 21 Jump Street. On July 11, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the drama series Werewolf
6.
KRON-TV
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KRON-TV, virtual channel 4, is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group, KRON maintains studios in the same building as KGO-TV in the Financial District, and its transmitting antenna is located atop Sutro Tower. KRON-TV is the largest MyNetworkTV affiliate by market size that is not owned and operated by the network, NBC wanted an owned-and-operated station in the Bay Area alongside its West Coast flagship radio station, KNBC. However, in an upset, the won the license. They brought KRON-TV on the air on November 15,1949 as a full-time NBC affiliate, the stations call letters come from a modification of the Chronicles nickname, The Chron. For most of its run as an NBC station, KRON-TV was that networks second-largest affiliate, KRON-TV originally broadcast from studios located in the basement of the Chronicle building at Fifth and Mission streets. It originally maintained transmitter facilities, master control and a small studio on San Bruno Mountain. In August 1959, the Chronicle reported that the tower was damaged by an unusually strong thunderstorm. Newscasts benefited from the resources of the Chronicle and there was cooperation between KRON and the newspaper, Bay Area kids, known as the City Council, joined Mayor Art in the studio each day. The show featured Popeye cartoons mixed with science demonstrations, a feature entitled Mayor Arts Almanac, games, prizes. Assignment Four was a series that generally aired Monday evenings at 7,00 p. m. through much of the 1960s. Subjects ranged from Skid Row to The Single Girl, the Green Intricate Country of Napa Valley to No Deposit, the documentary Not to Have Lived about mechanized society featured no dialogue or narration. In 1967, KRON-FM-TV moved to a new studio at 1001 Van Ness Avenue in the Western Addition neighborhood, the television transmitter was moved to Sutro Tower on July 4,1973, while the FM transmitter remained on San Bruno Mountain. Since the 1970s, KRONs logo has incorporated a stylized number 4 design that is based on the Golden Gate Bridge, the vertical component is a bridge tower, the horizontal component is a portion of the bridge deck, and the curve is a portion of a suspension cable. By about 1990-1991, this evolved into the circle 4 logo in use to this day, realizing this and refocusing on the entire market enabled KRON-TV to become the dominant station in the Bay Area. During the 1980s, KRON continued its dominance by airing top-rated syndicated programs, including the Merv Griffin-produced game shows Jeopardy. and Wheel of Fortune, as well as Entertainment Tonight. In 1982, the deYoung familys Chronicle Publishing Company unit discussed a trade of KRON-TV to the Gannett Company. The proposal ultimately fell apart by September 1983, during that timeframe, KRON also produced a Saturday morning childrens program called Buster and Me
7.
MyNetworkTV
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Despite concerns about UPNs future that came up after Fox purchased the Chris-Craft stations, UPN signed three-year affiliation renewals with the networks Fox-owned affiliates in 2003. The CWs initial affiliation agreements did not include any of the UPN stations owned by Fox Television Stations. In fact, as part of an affiliation deal with The WBs part-owner, Tribune Broadcasting. In response to the announcement, Fox promptly removed all references from logos and promotional materials on its UPN affiliates. However, in all three cases, the WB affiliate was the station, CW executives were on record as preferring the strongest WB. Fox chose the route, and announced the launch of MyNetworkTV on February 22,2006, less than a month after CBS. MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5,2006, with the premieres of its two initial series, some affiliates unofficially began branding their stations on September 4,2006 – Labor Day – with supplied preview specials. Initially, programming aired Monday through Saturdays from 8,00 to 10,00 p. m, with the services switch to an all-rerun schedule in 2009, this effectively allows stations to pre-empt repeat programming at will to fit in sporting events without much consequence. During the telenovela era, affiliates often scheduled contractual make goods of the daily schedule between 3,00 and 6,00 a. m. local time. Not only are these light viewing hours, but they air after Nielsen processes its preliminary morning network ratings. WPWR-TV in Gary, Indiana/Chicago moved MyNetworkTV to an after primetime 10,00 p. m. -midnight timeslot on September 1,2016, and became the CW affiliate for Chicago, replacing WGN-TV. KRON-TV/San Francisco airs MyNetworkTV programming on a delay from 9,00 to 11,00 p. m. which is bookended by local evening newscasts. KPDX/Portland, Oregon airs MyNetworkTV programs from 10, 00PM to 12,00 AM, newscast that is produced by NBC-affiliated sister station KCRA-TV. KQCA then presented MyNetworkTV programming in pattern, with the 7,00 PM hour being filled by syndicated reruns until the 2014–15 television season. At that point KQCA started filling the 8,00 to 10,00 PM block with syndicated comedies, KQCA airs MyNetworkTV programming in late night. During its time as a MyNetworkTV affiliate, KJZZ-TV/Salt Lake City, the service had originally aired from 11,00 PM to 1,00 AM. at the networks launch. St. George independent station KCSG replaced KJZZ as Utahs MyNetworkTV affiliate on August 18,2008. KUSG, a former KUTV satellite, added MyNetworkTV to its schedule on September 20,2010, however, kEVU-CD/Eugene, Oregon airs the MyNetworkTV schedule from 9,00 to 11,00 PM Pacific Time, following a two-hour block of syndicated talk shows
8.
KPIX-TV
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KPIX-TV, channel 5, is a CBS owned-and-operated television station located in San Francisco, California, United States. The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation, the stations studios are located just north of San Franciscos Financial District, and its transmitter is located on Sutro Tower. In addition to KBCW, KPIX shares its studios with its CBS Radio partners, KCBS, KFRC-FM, KITS, KLLC, KMVQ-FM and KZDG, although they use a different address number for Battery Street. KPIX-TV signed on the air on December 22,1948 as the first television station in northern California and it was originally owned by Associated Broadcasters, owners of KSFO. Initially, channel 5s signal was transmitted from a tower on top of the Mark Hopkins Hotel on Nob Hill and it later moved to a shared transmitter tower with KGO-TV at the Sutro Mansion, and then to the Sutro Tower in 1973. KPIXs first studio was in the attic of the Mark Hopkins Hotel, the station immediately joined CBS due to a deal KSFOs owners had worked out with the television network one year earlier. KSFO was CBS radios Bay Area affiliate from 1937 to 1941, after lengthy Federal Communications Commission hearings, KSFO won the 740 frequency, but later decided to stay at 560 and concentrate its efforts on building a television station. It traded the 740 frequency to CBS in return for getting the CBS television affiliation for the Bay Area, KQW remained at 740 and CBS changed its call sign to KCBS. The station also carried programming from DuMont until that network folded in 1956, when KPIXs first competitor, KGO-TV, signed on in May 1949, KPIX produced programs to welcome it into the Bay Area. The studio on Van Ness Avenue was the first building in San Francisco specifically built for television, Westinghouse Electric Corporation bought KPIX in 1954 and ran it as part of the companys Group W broadcasting unit. During Westinghouses ownership, KPIX was the only television station on the West Coast. In early 1996, Westinghouse merged with CBS, making KPIX a CBS-owned station, prior to this, KPIX had been CBSs longest-tenured affiliate. KPIX was also one of two longtime CBS affiliates owned by Group W that became a CBS O&O, the other being KDKA-TV, since May 2003, KPIX-TV and WJZ-TV are the only former Group W TV stations that still utilize the classic Group W font. KPIXs distinctive 5 logo dates back from the stations days under Westinghouse ownership, when Westinghouse merged with CBS, most of the former Group W stations eventually retired the font. KPIX, along with its Baltimore sister station WJZ-TV would become the only two CBS-owned television stations to continue using this logo font. KPIX was the only CBS-owned station on the West Coast not to follow the CBS Mandate for years after the merger, simply referencing itself as KPIX-TV Channel 5. Between 1993 and 1996, it was branded simply as KPIX5, even dropping the Eyewitness News title for its newscasts and branding them as KPIX5 News at the same time, before reverting. In 2005, KPIX fell in line with the mandate and rebranded as CBS5, on February 3,2013, KPIX dropped the CBS5 branding and reverted to being branded as KPIX5
9.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
