1.
Bukoba
–
Bukoba is a town in northwest Tanzania on the western shore of Lake Victoria. It is the capital of the Kagera region, and the seat for Bukoba Urban District. The city is served by Bukoba Airport and regular connections to Mwanza. Situated on the shore of Lake Victoria, Bukoba lies only 1 degree south of the Equator and is Tanzanias second largest port on the lake, Bukoba city is situated at the Western shore of Lake Victoria in the northwest of Tanzania. The regional capital and Kageras biggest town is the gateway to the region, the climate is sunny and mild most of the year. It can sometimes get cool especially in the evenings during the two seasons, but never as cold as the winter season in Europe. Kageras Regional Commissioner Col. Fabian Massawe resides and has his office in Bukoba city. The city is flat and compact, forming a bowl as it is surrounded by hills, auric Air flies three times a day to Mwanza. In 2010 the airport is being extended and more flights are expected, a bus leaves for Kampala at 7 am every day and from Kampala for Bukoba at 11 am every day. It boasts a white beach, a large market, a port, tennis courts. Bukoba Town itself has the status of a municipal Council and it has a municipal Director and other local government officials like other district councils in the region. Bukoba is represented in the Tanzanian Premier League by football club Kagera Sugar and it is the home to several charities - including SHARE in Africa and Jambo Bukoba. Both are focused on the educational sector
2.
Tanzania
–
Tanzania /ˌtænzəˈniːə/, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. Parts of the country are in Southern Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro, Africas highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania. Tanzanias population of 51.82 million is diverse, composed of ethnic, linguistic. Dar es Salaam, the capital, retains most government offices and is the countrys largest city, principal port. Tanzania is a one party dominant state with the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party in power, from its formation until 1992, it was the only legally permitted party in the country. Elections for president and all National Assembly seats were last held in October 2015, the CCM holds approximately 75% of the seats in the assembly. Prehistoric population migrations include Southern Cushitic speakers, who are ancestral to the Iraqw, Gorowa, and Burunge and who moved south from Ethiopia into Tanzania. Based on linguistic evidence, there may also have two movements into Tanzania of Eastern Cushitic people at about 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. These movements took place at about the time as the settlement of the iron-making Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria. They brought with them the west African planting tradition and the staple of yams. They subsequently migrated out of these regions across the rest of Tanzania, European colonialism began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa, which gave way to British rule following World War I. The mainland was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction, following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the northeast, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located, three of Africas Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africas largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibars largest marine protected area, over 100 different languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa. Among the languages spoken in Tanzania are all four of Africas language families, Bantu, Cushitic, Nilotic, Swahili and English are Tanzanias official languages. In connection with his Ujamaa social policies, President Nyerere encouraged the use of Swahili, approximately 10% of Tanzanians speak Swahili as a first language, and up to 90% speak it as a second language. Most Tanzanians thus speak both Swahili and a language, many educated Tanzanians are trilingual, also speaking English
3.
Kenya Colony
–
The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya was part of the British Empire in Africa from 1920 until 1963. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in 1920, technically, the Colony of Kenya referred to the interior lands, while a 16-kilometre coastal strip was the Protectorate of Kenya but the two were controlled as a single administrative unit. The colony came to an end in 1963 when a majority government was elected for the first time. The Colony of Kenya was established on 11 June 1920 when the territories of the former East Africa Protectorate were annexed by Britain. The Kenya Protectorate was established on 13 August 1920 when the territories of the former East Africa Protectorate which were not annexed by Britain were established as a British Protectorate. The Protectorate of Kenya was governed as part of the Colony of Kenya by virtue of an agreement between the United Kingdom and the Sultan dated 14 December 1895, in summary, the Colony of Kenya referred to the interior lands. The Protectorate of Kenya was a 16 km coastal strip together with certain islands which remained under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar until the independence of Kenya, in the 1920s Indians objected to the reservation of the Highlands for Europeans, especially British war veterans. Bitterness grew between the Indians and the Europeans, the population in 1921 was estimated at 2,376,000, of whom 9,651 were Europeans,22,822 Indians, and 10,102 Arabs. Mombasa, the largest city in 1921, had a population of 32,000 at that time, the Colony and the Protectorate each came to an end on 12 December 1963. In this way, Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963 which established the Dominion of Kenya, mzee Jomo Kenyatta was the first prime minister. Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic under the name Republic of Kenya, class and economic change in Kenya, The making of an African petite bourgeoisie 1905-1970 Lonsdale, John, and Bruce Berman. Coping with the contradictions, the development of the state in Kenya. Journal of African History 20#04, 487-505, British rule in Kenya, 1895-1912 Ochieng, William Robert. A history of Kenya Ochieng, William Robert, and Robert M. Maxon, an economic history of Kenya Wolff, Richard D. Britain and Kenya, 1870-1930, The Economics of Colonialism The British Empire — Kenya Media related to War Office Archive – British East Africa at Wikimedia Commons
4.
Kisumu
–
Kisumu is a port city in Kisumu County, Kenya. It is the size of 1,131 m, with a population of 409,928 according to the 2009 census. It is the third largest city in Kenya, the city of western Kenya, the immediate former capital of Nyanza Province. It has a charter but no city charter. It is the largest city in Nyanza region and second most important city after Kampala in the greater Lake Victoria basin, the port was founded in 1901 as the main inland terminal of the Uganda Railway named Port Florence. Although trade stagnated in the 1980s and 1990s, it is growing around oil exports. Kisumu literally means a place of barter trade sumo, the city has Friendship status with Cheltenham, United Kingdom, and sister city status with Roanoke, Virginia and Boulder, Colorado, United States. When the Europeans first settled in the area in the late 19th century, Kisumu became a trading post – attracting the Luo people from as far as Migori, the Kisumu region was then occupied by the Luo community. A person going to Kisumu at that time would say, Adhi Kisuma to mean Im going to trade, derived from the word Kisuma, the word for a trading post in Luo is Kisumo. The current name Kisumu is an English corruption of the word Kisumo or Kesumett, an opposing theory states that Kisumu acquired its name from Kusuma. Because, before the Luo arrived in the area, the Maragoli were already trading with people in the area like the Nandi. It should be noted that some Luo words were acquired from the Maragoli, the City of Kisumu is believed to be one of the oldest settlements in Kenya. Historical records indicate that Kisumu has been dominated by diverse communities at different times long before Europeans arrived. The people from the Nandi, Kalenjin, Abagusii, Maasai, Luo and Abaluhya communities converged at the tip of Lake Victoria and called the place sumo which literally means a place of barter trade. Each community called it different names, for instance, The luo called it Kisumo meaning a place to look for food such that the luo would say I am going Kisuma to mean I am going to look for food. The Abaluhya called it Abhasuma which means a place to borrow food such that the luhya would say I am going Khusuma to mean I am going to borrow food, the Abagusii called it egesumu meaning a structure for keeping/rearing chicken. It is believed the Abagusii were in Kisumu but found Kisumu was not good for crop husbandry, the Nandi called it Kisumett which means a place where food was found during times of scarcity and exchange, which cannot be attacked by Nandi and Terik irrespective of any issue. Kisumu was located on a rocky schwarz covered with bush, before it was cleared and roads were cut, so wrote C. W. Hobley
5.
Lake Victoria
–
Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. The lake was named after Queen Victoria by the explorer John Hanning Speke, Speke accomplished this in 1858, while on an expedition with Richard Francis Burton to locate the source of the Nile River. In terms of volume, Lake Victoria is the ninth largest continental lake. Lake Victoria receives its water primarily from rainfall and thousands of small streams. The Kagera River is the largest river flowing into this lake, Lake Victoria is drained solely by the Nile River near Jinja, Uganda, on the lakes northern shore. Lake Victoria occupies a depression in Africa. The lake has a depth of 84 metres and an average depth of 40 metres. Its catchment area covers 184,000 square kilometres, geologically, Lake Victoria is relatively young – about 400,000 years old – and it formed when westward-flowing rivers were dammed by an upthrown crustal block. During its geological history, Lake Victoria went through changes ranging from its present shallow depression, geological cores taken from its bottom show Lake Victoria has dried up completely at least three times since it formed. These drying cycles are probably related to past ice ages, which were times when precipitation declined globally, Lake Victoria last dried out about 17,300 years ago, and it refilled 14,700 years ago. Lake Victoria receives 80 percent of its water from direct rainfall, average evaporation on the lake is between 2.0 and 2.2 metres per year, almost double the precipitation of riparian areas. In the Kenya sector, the main influent rivers are the Sio, Nzoia, Yala, Nyando, Sondu Miriu, Mogusi, combined, these rivers contribute far more water to the lake than does the largest single river entering the lake from the west, the Kagera River. The only outflow from Lake Victoria is the Nile River, which exits the lake near Jinja, in terms of contributed water, this makes Lake Victoria the principal source of the longest branch of the Nile. The uppermost section of the Nile is generally known as the Victoria Nile until it reaches Lake Albert, in 1990–1991, oxygen concentrations in the mixed layer were higher than in 1960–1961, with nearly continuous oxygen supersaturation in surface waters. The changes in oxygenation are considered consistent with measurements of higher algal biomass, the extinction of cichlids in the genus Haplochromis has also been blamed on the lakes eutrophication. The fertility of tropical waters depends on the rate at which nutrients can be brought into solution, the influent rivers of Lake Victoria provide few nutrients to the lake in relation to its size. Because of this, most of Lake Victorias nutrients are thought to be locked up in lake-bottom deposits, by itself, this vegetative matter decays slowly. Animal flesh decays considerably faster, however, so the fertility of the lake is dependent on the rate at which nutrients can be taken up by fish
6.
Yarrow Shipbuilders
–
Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited, often styled as simply Yarrows, was a major shipbuilding firm based in the Scotstoun district of Glasgow on the River Clyde. It is now part of BAE Systems Surface Ships, owned by BAE Systems, the company was founded by Alfred Yarrow, later Sir Alfred Yarrow, 1st Baronet, in the year 1865 as Yarrow & Company, Limited. Originally it was based at Folly Wall, Poplar, then in 1898 as the company grew, Yarrow moved his shipyard to London Yard, Cubitt Town. Hundreds of steam launches, lake and river vessels, and eventually the Royal Navys first destroyers, between 4,000 and 5,000 tons of material had to be transported, from models to heavy machine tools. A train-load of from forty to fifty wagons left the works at Poplar every day, the first vessel launched from the new works at Scotstoun on 14 July 1908 was the lead ship of the Pará-class destroyers for the Brazilian Navy. The company also established the Coventry Ordnance Works joint venture in 1905, during the First World War, the company developed the pioneering Erskine artificial limb with Sir William Macewen. The Yarrow company was one of the leading builders of destroyers and frigates from its inception. For many years until the 1960s Yarrow also built a number of merchant ships, specialising particularly on Riverboat vessels for the rivers and lakes of Burma, India, Africa. Several of these vessels were built to serve on lakes that had no access to deliver them by sea. Yarrows Scotstoun yard built the knock down ferry MV Ilala for Nyasaland in 1949 and she was completed and launched on Lake Nyasa in 1951. The yard built three knock down ferries for Lake Victoria in East Africa, RMS Victoria was built in Scotstoun in 1960 and reassembled at the Kenyan port of Kisumu on the lake in 1961. The train ferries MV Umoja and MV Uhuru were built in Scotstoun in 1965, in total Yarrow built approximately 400 ships on the Clyde – these can be traced in detail in the Clyde-built Ship Database. In 1968 the Company became part of Upper Clyde Shipbuilders which collapsed in 1971, Yarrows had already left the UCS joint venture by April 1970 however, as the only profitable division of the joint venture. Investment continued in the yard, with the construction of a large GRP fabrication hall at the end of the yard. Dry dock No.1 was also covered over and this was in preparation for the Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel project, although only two vessels of the class were eventually built at Yarrow. The long-disused hall was demolished in 2008. The succeeding government of Margaret Thatcher began a programme and the profitable Yarrow was one of British Shipbuilders early divestitures. It was sold in 1985 to GECs GEC-Marconi division, becoming Marconi Marine, GEC began a programme of major capital investment, culminating in the construction of a large Module Hall, north of the covered building berths, in 1987
7.
Kenya
–
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community. Its capital and largest city is Nairobi and it is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers 581,309 km2, and had a population of approximately 48 million people in January 2017, Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline. The climate is cooler in the grasslands around the capital city, Nairobi, and especially closer to Mount Kenya. Further inland are highlands in Central and Rift Valley regions where tea, in the West are Nyanza and Western regions, there is an equatorial, hot and dry climate which becomes humid around Lake Victoria, the largest tropical fresh-water lake in the world. This gives way to temperate and forested areas in the neighbouring western region. The north-eastern regions along the border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-desert landscapes, Kenya is known for its world class athletes in track and field and rugby. The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period, by the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa. Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nations residents, European and Arab presence in coastal Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period, European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony, Kenya obtained independence in December 1963. Following a referendum in August 2010 and adoption of a new constitution, Kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties, the capital, Nairobi, is a regional commercial hub. The economy of Kenya is the largest by GDP in East, agriculture is a major employer, the country traditionally exports tea and coffee and has more recently begun to export fresh flowers to Europe. The service industry is also an economic driver. Additionally, Kenya is a member of the East African Community trading bloc, the Republic of Kenya is named after Mount Kenya. The origin of the name Kenya is not clear, but perhaps linked to the Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa, if so, then the British may not so much have mispronounced it, as misspelled it. In the 19th century, the German explorer Johann Ludwig Krapf was staying with the Bantu Kamba people when he first spotted the mountain. On asking for the name of the mountain, he was told Kĩ-Nyaa or Kĩĩma- Kĩĩnyaa probably because the pattern of black rock, the Agikuyu, who inhabit the slopes of Mt. Kenya, call it Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga in Kikuyu, which is quite similar to the Kamba name. Ludwig Krapf recorded the name as both Kenia and Kegnia believed by most to be a corruption of the Kamba version, others say that this was—on the contrary—a very precise notation of a correct African pronunciation /ˈkɛnjə/
8.
Uganda
–
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, Uganda is the worlds second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region, Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate. Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a portion of the south of the country. The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, beginning in 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the British, who established administrative law across the territory. Uganda gained independence from Britain on 9 October 1962, luganda, a central language, is widely spoken across the country, and several other languages are also spoken including Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, and Luo. The president of Uganda is Yoweri Museveni, who came to power in January 1986 after a protracted guerrilla war. The ancestors of the Ugandans were hunter-gatherers until 1, 700-2,300 years ago, Bantu-speaking populations, who were probably from central Africa, migrated to the southern parts of the country. According to oral tradition, the Empire of Kitara covered an important part of the lakes area, from the northern lakes Albert and Kyoga to the southern lakes Victoria. Bunyoro-Kitara is claimed as the antecedent of the Buganda, Toro, Ankole, some Luo invaded the area of Bunyoro and assimilated with the Bantu there, establishing the Babiito dynasty of the current Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara. Arab traders moved inland from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s and they were followed in the 1860s by British explorers searching for the source of the Nile. British Anglican missionaries arrived in the kingdom of Buganda in 1877 and were followed by French Catholic missionaries in 1879, the British government chartered the Imperial British East Africa Company to negotiate trade agreements in the region beginning in 1888. From 1886, there were a series of wars in Buganda. Because of civil unrest and financial burdens, IBEAC claimed that it was unable to maintain their occupation in the region, in the 1890s,32,000 labourers from British India were recruited to East Africa under indentured labour contracts to construct the Uganda Railway. Most of the surviving Indians returned home, but 6,724 decided to remain in East Africa after the lines completion, subsequently, some became traders and took control of cotton ginning and sartorial retail. British naval ships unknowingly carried rats that contained the bubonic plague and these rats spread the disease throughout Uganda. From 1900 to 1920, a sleeping sickness epidemic in the part of Uganda, along the north shores of Lake Victoria
9.
Marine Services Company Limited
–
Marine Services Company Limited is a Tanzanian company that operates ferries, cargo ships and tankers on three of the African Great Lakes, namely Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Nyasa. It provides services to neighbouring Burundi, DR Congo, Zambia, on 21 May 1996, MV Bukoba capsized while travelling from Bukoba to Mwanza due to overloading. MSCL is wholly owned by the Tanzanian Government via the Treasury Registrar and its share capital consists of 1,000 shares each with a nominal value of TSh 1,000. The companys head office is in the city of Mwanza at the shores of Lake Victoria. It maintains two offices in Kigoma and Kyela, and liaison offices in Dar es Salaam and Kampala. Passenger services on Lake Tanganyika to neighbouring countries include Mpulungu in Zambia, Bujumbura in Burundi, the company also plies on Lake Nyasa between Mbamba Bay in southern Tanzania and Nkhata Bay in Malawi. Between July 2013 and April 2014, MSCL transported 231,866 passengers and 41,234 tonnes of cargo, most of its fleet is located on Lake Victoria and includes MV Victoria, the former Royal Mail Ship. MV Liemba was built in 1913 and still operates on Lake Tanganyika, the companys livery appears to be the same as TRCs predecessor, the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation, white hull above the waterline, white superstructure and buff funnel. The hull below the waterline appears to be dark red, the acquisition will cost US$74.9 million and construction of the vessels will take three years. He also stated that discussions with the South Korean government are on-going to procure three vessels, in February 2013, fire broke out on the MV Victoria whilst docked at Mwanza Port. It is believed that it was due to the works going on in one of the lower deck rooms. The situation was under control within two hours, the Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority blamed the management for professional negligence. On 10 October 2014, MV Victoria experienced an engine failure midway on its journey from Bukoba to Mwanza
10.
Mwanza
–
Mwanza is a mid-sized port city on the southern shores of Lake Victoria in northwestern Tanzania. With a population of over 700,000, it is Tanzanias second largest city, Mwanza is the capital of the surrounding Mwanza Region. The Sukuma constitute over 90 percent of the population of the Mwanza Region, other ethnic groups in the region, in much smaller proportions, include the Zinza, Haya, Sumbwa, Nyamwezi, Luo, Kurya, Jita, and Kerewe. They live mainly in the Mwanza city area, National policy, however, gives very little importance to ethnic groupings and reliable data is difficult to find. In 2011 the city announced plans to create a major commercial development in the Ilemela District. Construction works on Rock City Mall were finalized in early 2016 and this mall is the first of its size in Mwanza and one of the biggest malls in the country. One major occupation of the inhabitants along the shores of Lake Victoria in Mwanza region is fishing, nile perch were previously introduced to the lake, and are exported in large quantities. The consequences of the nile perch industry are the subject of the Academy Award nominated documentary Darwins Nightmare by Hubert Sauper, on the lake around Mwanza, a lot of sardine fishing takes place. Several Tanzanian National Parks are located in the vicinity of Mwanza town. Saanane Island National Park can be reached by boat from the centre of Mwanza in around 10 minutes, the western most gate of Serengeti National Park is located at around 150 kilometres by road from Mwanza town. Day trips to Serengeti National Park are organised by several operators in Mwanza. Rubondo Island National Park can be reached by road and boat and it is located around 110 kilometres west of Mwanza town. The Sukuma Museum is located in Bujora, just east of Mwanza and it gives an overview of the history, architecture, culture and language of the Sukuma tribe, which is the main tribe in the area. Mwanza is served by Mwanza Airport, which is located at 10 km to the north of the city centre in Ilemela District, the airport has flights to Dar es Salaam, Nairobi, and other destinations around Tanzania. Mwanzas railway station is located in the centre of town, in Nyamagana District, the city is connected by rail with Shinyanga. Twice a week the train departs to Dar es Salaam, via Dodoma, Tabora, two bus stations connect Mwanza to the rest of Tanzania and neighbouring countries by road, Nyegezi and Buzuruga bus station. Nyegezi bus station is located in Nyamagana district, buses going to the south and west leave from Nyegezi, as well as international services. Buzuruga bus station is located in Ilemela district, buses going to the east, North and the Kenyan border depart from Buzuruga bus station
Kenya Colony
Kenya, Uganda
Tanzania
