1.
Single (music)
–
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Mystery Skulls
–
Mystery Skulls is an American indie pop/electronica act that originated in Dallas, Texas but now operates out of Los Angeles, California. The project was formed in 2011 by Luis Dubuc after his previous project, Dubuc initially announced the project on August 8,2011 via the Mystery Skulls official Tumblr account, where he posted a video of the song Amazing. He later followed this post with a five song EP on December 30,2011, since then, Mystery Skulls has performed in cities across the country, signed with Warner Bros. Records, and has collaborated with artists such as Brandy Norwood. Dubuc continues to perform shows across the country, Ghost The Mystery Skulls have had three official music videos so far. The only official video to have at least a million views on YouTube is Paralyzed, several videos have been created for Mystery Skulls songs by their fans. The video follows Mystery Skulls, a similar to Scooby-Doos Mystery Inc. made up of members Vivi, Arthur. Ghost was so popular that Mangum decided to make a series of videos entitled Mystery Skulls Animated. The sequel to Ghost was released on April 15,2016 using the song Freaking Out, shiromori, a mysterious plant woman, hunts after a fox spirit but loses the trail until finding Lewiss locket. The plant woman chases after the fox spirit who turns out to be Mystery in disguise, while Lewiss restored spirit jacks a semi-truck to chase after Arthur and Vivi. The members of the Ghost Crew consist of the group that did the Ghost video save for two new members, they are Melyssa Denton and Chloe. During the end credits, Ben Mangum is again listed as Director and Animator, blake Hudson makes a dedication after the end credits to his papa, Tony King for believing in him. Afterwards, the song for the video is heard playing in the background. The video has done well, as of March 25,2017, another user, Marisol Aranda, under the screen name yuramec, released a homemade music video in 2015 with original characters with the song Magic. The video follows a necromancer and his assistant, as the necromancer summons ghosts to sing, the current video as of March 25,2017, has amassed 4.8 million views on YouTube and so far has not been taken down. Yet another user called Sleazeplanet has released a number of videos featuring music by Mystery Skulls, which include hits like Amazing, Ghost. Mystery Skulls on Bandcamp Mystery Skulls on Tumblr Mystery Skulls on Facebook Concert review, Homegrown Music and Art Festival at DFW. com
3.
Nile Rodgers
–
Nile Gregory Rodgers, Jr. is an American record producer, songwriter, musician, composer, arranger and guitarist. He is the lead guitarist and co-founding member with Bernard Edwards of the band Chic and he is famed for his chucking rhythm guitar style. On April 7,2017, Rodgers will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and his mother became pregnant at age 13, and gave birth to him in New York City. His parents and step-father were all Beat-niks, and heavy heroin users throughout his childhood, king, Betty Wright, Earl Lewis and the Channels, Parliament Funkadelic, and many other legendary R&B artists. In his teens Rodgers was a member of the Harlem chapter of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense and he remains friendly with numerous former Panthers, including Professor Jamal Joseph. Nile met bassist Bernard Edwards in 1970 while working as a musician for the Sesame Street stage show. Together they formed The Big Apple Band, and worked as musicians for the vocal group New York City. New York Citys one hit allowed them to tour extensively, even opening for The Jackson 5 on the American leg of their first world tour in 1973, the band continued playing mostly local bars. As the Big Apple Band, Rodgers and Edwards worked with Ashford & Simpson, Luther Vandross, since another New York artist, Walter Murphy, had a band also called The Big Apple Band, Rodgers and Edwards were forced to change their bands name to avoid confusion. Thus, in 1977 the band was renamed as Chic, between gigs, they recorded their first album with then-boss Luther Vandross, who provided background vocals on the groups early recordings. The band scored numerous top ten hits and helped propel disco to new levels of popularity, Chics chart-topping songs Le Freak, I Want Your Love, Everybody Dance, Dance, Dance, Dance, My Forbidden Lover, and Good Times became club/pop/R&B standards. Le Freak was composed after being turned away from Studio 54, Le Freak was Atlantic Records only triple platinum selling single for more than 35 years and Good Times shot to the No.1 spot in spite of the Disco Sucks backlash in 1979. The success of Chics first singles led Atlantic to offer Rodgers and they chose Sister Sledge, whose 1979 album, We Are Family, peaked at No.3 and remained on the charts well into 1980. The first two singles, Hes the Greatest Dancer and the title cut We Are Family both reached No.1 on the R&B chart, and No.6 and No,2, respectively on the Pop chart. Hes the Greatest Dancer was sampled in 1998 on Will Smiths Gettin Jiggy Wit It, as the Chic Organizations tight sound became increasingly sought-after, Rodgers and Edwards began record production with numerous artists, together or individually. In 1980, Rodgers and Edwards wrote and produced the album Diana for Diana Ross, yielding the smash hits Upside Down, the Chic Organization produced the smash hit Spacer for French disco act Sheila and B. Devotion and Deborah Harrys 1981 solo album Koo Koo, Chic dissolved in 1983 after its final Atlantic album on their contract, Believer and Soup For One. At that time Rodgers began a career producing his first album Adventures in the Land of the Good Groove
4.
Brandy Norwood
–
Brandy Rayana Norwood, known professionally as Brandy, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born into a family in McComb, Mississippi and raised in Carson, California, she began her career as a child. In 1993, Norwood signed with Atlantic Records, the following year, she released her self-titled debut album, which was certified quadruple Platinum in the US, selling six million copies worldwide. Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom Moesha as the title character and her second album, Never Say Never, sold 16 million copies worldwide, featured two number one singles, and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award. This launched her international stardom, with films, endorsements, sold out concert tours. Throughout the 2000s, Norwood held a position in the pop industry. In 2002, she starred in the reality series Brandy, Special Delivery and her third and fourth albums, Full Moon and Afrodisiac, were released to critical and commercial success. She served as a judge on the first season of Americas Got Talent before being involved in a widely publicized car accident in 2006, after several lawsuits stemming from the accident, Norwoods fifth album, Human, was released to commercial failure. In the 2010s, Norwood received a critical and commercial resurgence, in 2010, she returned to television as a contestant on the eleventh season of Dancing with the Stars and starred in the reality series Brandy & Ray J, A Family Business. In 2012 she became a regular in the BET series The Game. In April 2015, Norwood made her Broadway debut in the musical Chicago and she starred in and executive produced a new sitcom Zoe Ever After on the BET network in January 2016. Throughout her career, she has sold over 40 million records worldwide, the Recording Industry Association of America lists Norwood as one of the top selling artists in the United States, with 10.5 million certified albums. Her work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award, one American Music Award and she is the older sister of entertainer Ray J, as well as a cousin of rapper Snoop Dogg. Raised in a Christian home, Norwood started singing through her fathers work as part of the church choir. In 1983, her parents relocated to Los Angeles, California, Norwood began entering talent shows by the time she was eleven, and, as part of a youth singing group, performed at several public functions. To manage her daughter, Norwoods mother soon resigned from her job, while Norwood herself dropped out of Hollywood High School later, and was tutored privately from tenth grade on. During the early stages of her debut album, Norwood was selected for a role in the ABC sitcom Thea. Norwood recalled that she appreciated the cancellation of the show as she was unenthusiastic about acting at the time, and she stated, I felt bad for everybody else but me
5.
Disco
–
Disco is a genre of dance music containing elements of funk, soul, pop, and salsa. It achieved popularity during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. It was popular with men and women, from many different backgrounds. The disco sound often has several components, a beat, an eighth note or 16th note hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat. In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, Orchestral instruments such as the flute are often used for solo melodies, and lead guitar is less frequently used in disco than in rock. Many disco songs use electronic synthesizers, particularly in the late 1970s, well-known 1970s disco performers included Donna Summer, the Bee Gees, Boney M. KC and the Sunshine Band, The Trammps, Sylvester, Village People, Gloria Gaynor and Chic. While performers and singers garnered much attention, record producers working behind the scenes played an important role in developing the disco sound. Many non-disco artists recorded songs at the height of discos popularity. Disco was the last mass popular movement that was driven by the baby boom generation. Disco was a phenomenon, but its popularity drastically declined in the United States in 1980. Disco Demolition Night, an anti-disco protest held in Chicago on 12 July 1979, is thought of as a factor in discos fast. By the late 1970s most major U. S. cities had thriving disco club scenes, Studio 54, a venue popular amongst celebrities, is a well-known example of a disco club. Popular dances included the Hustle, a suggestive dance. Discotheque-goers often wore expensive, extravagant and sexy fashions, Disco clubs were also associated with promiscuity. Disco was a key influence on the 1980s electronic dance style called house. The term is derived from discothèque, by the early 1940s, the terms disc jockey and DJ were in use to describe radio presenters. During WWII, because of restrictions set in place by the Nazi occupiers, eventually more than one of these jazz venues had the proper name discothèque. By 1959, the term was used in Paris to describe any of these type of nightclubs and that year a young reporter named Klaus Quirini started to select and introduce records at the Scotch-Club in Aachen, West Germany
6.
Funk music
–
Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths. Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone and Parliament-Funkadelic, soon began to adopt, Funk samples have been used extensively in genres including hip hop, house music, and drum and bass. It is also the influence of go-go, a subgenre associated with funk. The word funk initially referred to a strong odor and it is originally derived from Latin fumigare via Old French fungiere and, in this sense, it was first documented in English in 1620. In 1784 funky meaning musty was first documented, which, in turn, in early jam sessions, musicians would encourage one another to get down by telling one another, Now, put some stank on it. At least as early as 1907, jazz songs carried titles such as Funky, as late as the 1950s and early 1960s, when funk and funky were used increasingly in the context of jazz music, the terms still were considered indelicate and inappropriate for use in polite company. According to one source, New Orleans-born drummer Earl Palmer was the first to use the word funky to explain to other musicians that their music should be made more syncopated, the style later evolved into a rather hard-driving, insistent rhythm, implying a more carnal quality. This early form of the set the pattern for later musicians. The music was identified as slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented, a great deal of funk is rhythmically based on a two-celled onbeat/offbeat structure, which originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions. New Orleans appropriated the bifurcated structure from the Afro-Cuban mambo and conga in the late 1940s, New Orleans funk, as it was called, gained international acclaim largely because James Browns rhythm section used it to great effect. Funk creates an intense groove by using strong guitar riffs and bass lines, like Motown recordings, funk songs used bass lines as the centerpiece of songs. Slap basss mixture of thumb-slapped low notes and finger popped high notes allowed the bass to have a rhythmic role. In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a style, often using the wah-wah sound effect. Guitarist Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic were notably influenced by Jimi Hendrixs improvised solos, Eddie Hazel, who worked with George Clinton, is one of the most notable guitar soloists in funk. Ernie Isley was tutored at an age by Jimi Hendrix himself. Jimmy Nolen and Phelps Collins are famous funk rhythm guitarists who both worked with James Brown, on Browns Give It Up or Turnit a Loose, Jimmy Nolens guitar part has a bare bones tonal structure
7.
Warner Music Group
–
Warner Music Group is an American multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City. With a multibillion-dollar annual turnover, WMG employs in excess of 3,500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world, the company owns and operates some of the largest and most successful record labels in the world, including its flagship labels Warner Bros. WMG also owns Warner/Chappell Music, one of the worlds largest music publishers, the film company had no record label division at the time and one of its contracted actors, Tab Hunter, scored a hit song for Dot Records, which was a division of rival Paramount Pictures. In order to prevent any repetition of its actors recording for rival companies, in 1963, Warner purchased Reprise Records, which had been founded by Frank Sinatra three years earlier so that he could have more creative control over his recordings. With the Reprise acquisition, Warner gained the services of Mo Ostin, the Canadian unit was opened in 1967 as Warner Reprise Canada Ltd, now called Warner Music Canada Co. After Warner Bros. was sold to Seven Arts Productions in 1967, it purchased Atlantic Records, founded in 1947 and WMGs oldest label and this acquisition brought Neil Young into the company fold, initially as a member of Buffalo Springfield. The Geffen catalogue, now owned by Universal Music Group, represents Youngs only major recordings not under WMG ownership, in 1969, two years after being purchased by Seven Arts, the Warner Bros. -Seven Arts company was sold to the Kinney National Company. Kinney combined the operations of all of its labels. An earlier attempt by Warner Bros. Records to create a distribution arm in 1958 didnt materialize. So in 1969, Elektra Records boss Jac Holzman approached Atlantics Jerry Wexler with the idea of setting up a joint distribution network for Warner, Elektra, an experimental branch was established in Southern California as a possible prototype for an expanded operation. Atlantic, its subsidiary Atco Records, and its affiliate Stax Records paved the way for Warners rise to industry prominence, the purchase brought in Atlantics lucrative back-catalogue, which included classic recordings by Ray Charles, the Drifters, the Coasters, and many more. But the sale led to Stax leaving the Atlantic fold because the new Warner owners insisted on keeping the rights to Stax recordings and it was soon apparent in 1969 that Atlantic/Atco president Ahmet Ertegün viewed Warner/Reprise president Mike Maitland as godlike. Maitland believed that, as vice-president in charge of the Warner Bros, in retrospect Ertegün clearly feared that Maitland would ultimately have more power than him and so he moved rapidly to secure his own position and remove Maitland. Following the takeover, Warners music group briefly adopted the umbrella name Kinney Music, erteguns campaign against Maitland began in earnest that summer. Atlantic had agreed to help Warner Bros. in its efforts to establish its labels overseas, Mike Maitland complained bitterly to Kinney executive Ted Ashley, but to no avail – by this time Ertegun was poised to make his move against Maitland. As he had with Hyman, Ertegun urged Steve Ross to extend Mo Ostin and Joe Smiths contracts, in response, Ertegun broadly hinted that Maitlands days were numbered and that he, Ertegun, was about to take over the recording division. Unlike the Warner/Reprise executives, Atlantics execs the Ertegun brothers and Wexler owned stock in Kinney, on Sunday January 25, Ted Ashley went to Maitlands house to tell him he had been dismissed, and Maitland declined the offer of a job at the movie studio. One week later, Mo Ostin was named as the new President of Warner Bros, Records, with Joe Smith as his Executive Vice-President
8.
Songwriter
–
A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
9.
Record producer
–
A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
10.
The Other Boys
–
The Other Boys is a song performed by Australian twin sisters Nervo featuring Kylie Minogue, Jake Shears and Nile Rodgers. It’s included on their studio album, ‘’Collateral’’. The remix single was released on 23 October 2015. ”Adding “I love Nialls guitar bit and its amazing, it just brought it to a whole new level, it was the icing on the cake. ”He later added, “The Other Boys” is an “irresistible, disco-tinged floor-filler”. Justin Harp from Digital Spy said “The floor-filler combines electro-pop with disco beats in a way that seems tailor-made for Minogue, Minogue posted photos of the video shoot on her instagram account on 27 August. In it she is wearing a vintage Comme des Garçons dress, on 16 October, Nervo said on their Facebook page that they Cant wait to show you guys the video. The music video premiered on 28 October, via Ultra Musics YouTube page, list of number-one dance singles of 2015
11.
Wildest Dreams (Brandy song)
–
Wildest Dreams is a song recorded by American recording artist Brandy for her sixth studio album, Two Eleven. It was written by Sean Garrett, Justin Henderson and Christopher Whitacre, with production helmed by Henderson, Wildest Dreams is a mid-tempo R&B ballad which was inspired by R&B music from the 1990s and has lyrics which speak about the disbelief for finding love again. It was inspired by Norwood finding love with music executive Ryan Press, Garrett, who wrote nine songs for Two Eleven, noticed the Norwood and Presss connection and adapted the lyrics for Wildest Dreams. The song was released for download on August 28,2012. It managed to peak at number 68 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart but failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100, in early 2009 songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Norwoods record label Epic Records. And after much restructuring Norwoods future with the label seemed uncertain, after Norwood was signed in late 2010, professional recording and submissions for the album began. Previously Norwood had advocated for a song called Without You to be the single while the label had initially wanted So Sick to be the second single. The song made its premiere on August 21,2012. It was released for download from August 28,2012. Wildest Dreams is a mid-tempo R&B song written by Sean Garrett, Justin Henderson and Christoper Whitacre, described by Norwood as a 90s 2012 record, Wildest Dream contains strong themes about love. Speaking on the songs content Norwood said, Its about love and its about falling in love with someone and its almost like its too good to be true. The song focuses on falling in love and it feeling better than one could have imagined, MTV Buzzworthy described the song as a throwback to classic R&B with a laidback tone. Steven J. Horrowitz from Rolling Stone described the base of the song was described as thawacking percussion and melodic production. A introspective ballad, Wildest Dreams includes the lyrics Never in my wildest dreams did I think someone could care bout me/ Not just the way you love me, MTV Buzzworthy compared the songs to Norwoods previous singles Full Moon and Right Here. Norwood said that the song was inspired by her love with music executive Ryan Press. Mark Edward Nero from About. com called the one of the albums highlights. He felt that it manages to be strong and vulnerable at the same time, something that could also be said about the album as a whole. He felt it were the verses that bring the surprise, a raw, almost abrasive rasp in her tone, complemented by a needle-on-vinyl crackle looped in the background
12.
Guitar
–
The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
13.
Music video
–
A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food, although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by terms including illustrated song, filmed insert, promotional film, promotional clip, promotional video, song video. Music videos use a range of styles of contemporary videomaking techniques, including animation, live action filming, documentaries. Some music videos blend different styles, such as animation, music, combining these styles and techniques has become more popular because of the variation it presents to the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the songs lyrics, other music videos may be without a set concept, being merely a filmed version of the songs live performance. Product placement is a technique in music videos, exemplified by the appearance of the Beats Pill in numerous hip hop videos. In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B, marks and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various performers to promote sales of their song The Little Lost Child. Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected a series of images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a form of entertainment known as the illustrated song. In 1926, with the arrival of many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts featured many bands, vocalists and dancers, early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and especially Fantasia, the Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such performers as Cab Calloway, were also distributed to theaters. Blues singer Bessie Smith appeared in a short film called St. Louis Blues featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period, soundies, produced and released from 1940 to 1947, were musical films that often included short dance sequences, similar to later music videos
14.
Computer animation
–
Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images. The more general term computer-generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation refers to the moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are used for stylistic, low bandwidth. Sometimes, the target of the animation is the computer itself, Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques used in traditional animation with 3D models and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. It can also allow a single graphic artist to such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the monitor and repeatedly replaced by a new image that is similar to it. This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures, for 3D animations, objects are built on the computer monitor and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton. For 2D figure animations, separate objects and separate transparent layers are used with or without that virtual skeleton, then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. of the figure are moved by the animator on key frames. The differences in appearance between key frames are calculated by the computer in a process known as tweening or morphing. For 3D animations, all frames must be rendered after the modeling is complete, for 2D vector animations, the rendering process is the key frame illustration process, while tweened frames are rendered as needed. For pre-recorded presentations, the frames are transferred to a different format or medium. The frames may also be rendered in real time as they are presented to the end-user audience, low bandwidth animations transmitted via the internet often use software on the end-users computer to render in real time as an alternative to streaming or pre-loaded high bandwidth animations. To trick the eye and the brain into thinking they are seeing a moving object. With rates above 75-120 frames per second, no improvement in realism or smoothness is perceivable due to the way the eye, at rates below 12 frames per second, most people can detect jerkiness associated with the drawing of new images that detracts from the illusion of realistic movement. Conventional hand-drawn cartoon animation often uses 15 frames per second in order to save on the number of drawings needed, to produce more realistic imagery, computer animation demands higher frame rates. Films seen in theaters in the United States run at 24 frames per second, for high resolution, adapters are used. Early digital computer animation was developed at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the 1960s by Edward E. Zajac, Frank W. Sinden, other digital animation was also practiced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. An early step in the history of animation was the sequel to the 1973 film Westworld
15.
Stanley Kubrick
–
Stanley Kubrick was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, editor, and photographer. He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history, Kubrick was born and raised in the Bronx, New York City, and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945. This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas, the war picture Paths of Glory and the historical epic Spartacus. His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew, and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks, though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself. His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire, which he shared with his wife Christiane, became his workplace, where he did his writing, research, editing, and management of production details. This allowed him to have almost complete control over his films. His first British productions were two films with Peter Sellers, Lolita and Dr. Strangelove and he often asked for several dozen retakes of the same scene in a movie, which resulted in many conflicts with his casts. Despite the resulting notoriety among actors, many of Kubricks films broke new ground in cinematography, Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generations big bang, and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon, Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA, with The Shining, he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots. His last film, Eyes Wide Shut, was completed shortly before his death in 1999, Stanley Kubrick was born on July 26,1928, in the Lying-In Hospital at 307 Second Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. He was the first of two children of Jacob Leonard Kubrick, known as Jack or Jacques, and his wife Sadie Gertrude Kubrick, known as Gert and his sister, Barbara Mary Kubrick, was born in May 1934. At Stanleys birth, the Kubricks lived in an apartment at 2160 Clinton Avenue in the Bronx, although his parents had been married in a Jewish ceremony, Kubrick did not have a religious upbringing, and would later profess an atheistic view of the universe. By the district standards of the West Bronx, the family was fairly wealthy, soon after his sisters birth, Kubrick began schooling in Public School 3 in the Bronx, and moved to Public School 90 in June 1938. Although his IQ was discovered to be average, his attendance was poor. He displayed an interest in literature from an age, and began reading Greek and Roman myths. When Kubrick was 12, his father Jack taught him chess, the game remained a lifelong interest of Kubricks, appearing in many scenes of his films. Kubrick himself, who became a member of the United States Chess Federation, explained that chess helped him develop patience. At the age of 13, Kubricks father bought him a Graflex camera and he became friends with a neighbor, Marvin Traub, who shared his passion for photography
16.
Eyes Wide Shut
–
Eyes Wide Shut is a 1999 erotic drama film directed, produced, and co-written by Stanley Kubrick. Based on Arthur Schnitzlers 1926 novella Traumnovelle, the story is transferred from early 20th century Vienna to 1990s New York City. The film follows the sexually charged adventures of Dr. Bill Harford and he embarks on a night-long adventure, during which he infiltrates a massive masked orgy of an unnamed secret society. Kubrick obtained the rights for Dream Story in the 1960s. The project was revived in the 1990s, when the director hired writer Frederic Raphael to help him with the adaptation. The film was shot in the United Kingdom, and included a detailed recreation of some exterior Greenwich Village street scenes at Pinewood Studios. The film spent a time in production, and holds the Guinness World Record for the longest continuous film shoot at 400 days. Eyes Wide Shut was Kubricks last film, as he died four days after showing his final cut to Warner Bros, to ensure a theatrical R rating in the United States, Warner Bros. digitally altered several sexually explicit scenes during post-production. This version was released on July 16,1999 to moderately positive reactions from critics, the uncut version has since been released in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc formats. As with many of Kubricks works, reception to Eyes Wide Shut has become more favorable in the years since the initial release. Dr. Bill Harford and his wife, Alice, are a couple living in New York who attend a Christmas party thrown by a wealthy patient. Bill is reunited with Nick Nightingale, a medical school drop-out who now plays piano professionally, while a Hungarian man named Sandor Szavost tries to seduce Alice, two young models try to take Bill off. He is interrupted by a call from his host upstairs, who had been having sex with Mandy, the next evening at home, while smoking cannabis, Alice asks him if he had sex with the two girls. After Bill reassures her, she asks if he is jealous of men who are attracted to her. As the discussion gets heated, he states that he thinks women are more faithful than men and she rebuts him, telling him of a recent fantasy she had about a naval officer they had encountered on a vacation. Disturbed by Alices revelation, Bill is then called by the daughter of a patient who has just died, after visiting the home, he meets a prostitute named Domino and goes to her apartment. Alice phones as Domino begins to kiss Bill, after which he calls off the awkward encounter, meeting Nick at the jazz club Bill learns that Nick has an engagement where he must play piano blindfolded. Bill learns that to gain admittance, one needs a costume, a mask, and the password, Bill goes to a costume shop and offers the owner, Mr. Milich, a generous amount of money to rent a costume
17.
3D computer graphics
–
Such images may be stored for viewing later or displayed in real-time. 3D computer graphics rely on many of the same algorithms as 2D computer vector graphics in the wire-frame model, 3D computer graphics are often referred to as 3D models. Apart from the graphic, the model is contained within the graphical data file. However, there are differences, a 3D model is the representation of any three-dimensional object. A model is not technically a graphic until it is displayed, a model can be displayed visually as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering or used in non-graphical computer simulations and calculations. With 3D printing, 3D models are rendered into a 3D physical representation of the model. William Fetter was credited with coining the term computer graphics in 1961 to describe his work at Boeing, 3D computer graphics software began appearing for home computers in the late 1970s. The earliest known example is 3D Art Graphics, a set of 3D computer graphics effects, written by Kazumasa Mitazawa, models can also be produced procedurally or via physical simulation. Basically, a 3D model is formed from points called vertices that define the shape, a polygon is an area formed from at least three vertexes. A polygon of n points is an n-gon, the overall integrity of the model and its suitability to use in animation depend on the structure of the polygons. Before rendering into an image, objects must be out in a scene. This defines spatial relationships between objects, including location and size, Animation refers to the temporal description of an object. These techniques are used in combination. As with animation, physical simulation also specifies motion, rendering converts a model into an image either by simulating light transport to get photo-realistic images, or by applying an art style as in non-photorealistic rendering. The two basic operations in realistic rendering are transport and scattering and this step is usually performed using 3D computer graphics software or a 3D graphics API. Altering the scene into a form for rendering also involves 3D projection. There are a multitude of websites designed to help, educate, some are managed by software developers and content providers, but there are standalone sites as well. These communities allow for members to seek advice, post tutorials, not all computer graphics that appear 3D are based on a wireframe model
18.
Los Angeles Independent Film Festival
–
The LA Film Festival is an annual film festival held in June in Culver City, California. It showcases independent, international, feature, documentary and short films, since 2001 it is run by the organization Film Independent, which also has been arranging the annual Film Independent Spirit Awards in Santa Monica since 1985. The festival began as the Los Angeles Independent Film Festival in 1995, the LAIFF ran for six years, until it was absorbed into Film Independent in 2001. At its height, the LAIFF attracted 19,000 attendees, today, the LA Film Festival attracts more than 36,000 visitors. With an attendance of more than 36,000 people, it more than 100 feature films. The event also includes world premieres of such as Disney/Pixars Brave, and a variety of panels, seminars. The Festival features signature programs including the exclusive Filmmaker Retreat, hosted by a film director. In 2010, the Filmmaker Retreat was hosted by Kathryn Bigelow, in 2011, it was hosted by George Lucas at his Skywalker Ranch. In addition to films, it also screens short films created by high school students. Films submitted to the Festival are reviewed by Film Independents programming department, in 2011, the Festival showed over 200 films, music videos and shorts from over 30 countries. The first LAIFF took place over the course of five days in a single location, in 1996, the LAIFF expanded to include the Directors Guild of America Building in Hollywood. In 2001, the Festival became part of the organization Film Independent, in 2006, the Los Angeles Times became the Festivals main sponsor. In 2010 the Festival was moved to the Regal Cinemas at the L. A, live complex in downtown Los Angeles, with additional screenings at several other downtown venues including the Downtown Independent, Orpheum Theatre and the REDCAT Theatre. The Festival also has a tradition of screenings at the open-air John Anson Ford Amphitheatre in Hollywood. Free screenings are scheduled at California Plaza, in conjunction with Grand Performances, today the LA Film Festival attracts over 36,000 visitors. The LA Film Festival is a festival in all categories for Film Independents Spirit Awards. It is also a festival for the short films categories of the Academy Awards. During the festival of 2009, festival officials was approached by Dole Food Company, Dole urged festival officials to immediately cease and desist their sponsorship of the documentary Bananas. *, directed by Fredrik Gertten
19.
GfK Entertainment Charts
–
The GfK Entertainment Charts are the official music charts in Germany and are gathered and published by GfK Entertainment GmbH on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Following a lawsuit in March 2014 by Media Control AG, Media Control® GfK International had to change its name, dissemination of the charts is conducted by various media outlets, some of which include VIVA music channel, and the Swiss charts website. Other entities that present the charts are MusicLoad and MIX1, furthermore, GfK Entertainment also runs a dedicated website providing chart-related news and access to most of the charts. Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called Der Musikmarkt, since 1959, the growing desire to have a well-developed music program has made Bundesverband Musikindustrie work together with charts providers to improve the way the charts are determined. For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which Media Control, hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine Der Musikmarkt in September 1977. Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots, since 1989, however, GfK Entertainment has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, now called Offizielle Top 100 Charts. In 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles, Media Control developed Music Video charts in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as DVD charts. While music-videos have their own charts, in 2001, GfK Entertainment made it possible for the music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was available for music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for the DVD chart only, in the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart. In 2003, Media Control joined forces with GfK, thus the name officially being changed to Media Control GfK International GmbH. In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads, digital-only releases came into existence on 13 July 2007, for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of music downloads as before. Thus, the albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number-one position on the charts. In March 2014, GfK announced that the official chart providers name in Germany will change from Media Control GfK International GmbH to GfK Entertainment, there are currently 3,000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to GfK Entertainment via communication network channel and this is the list of categories, for each of which charts are provided by GfK Entertainment
20.
Entertainment Weekly
–
Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
21.
Vimeo
–
Vimeo is a video-sharing website in which users can upload, share and view videos. It was the first video sharing site to support high-definition video, Vimeo was founded in November 2004 by Jake Lodwick and Zach Klein. Vimeo was founded in November 2004 by Jake Lodwick and Zach Klein, the name Vimeo was created by Lodwick, as a play on the words video and me. Vimeo is also an anagram of the word movie, IAC purchased Vimeo in August 2006, as part of its acquisition of Connected Ventures. In January 2009, Dae Mellencamp joined IAC as general manager of Vimeo and she served as CEO until March 19,2012, when Kerry Trainor joined Vimeo as CEO. As of December 2013, Vimeo attracts more than 100 million unique visitors per month, fifteen percent of Vimeo’s traffic comes from mobile devices. As of February 2013, Vimeo accounted for 0. 11% of all Internet bandwidth, following fellow video sharing sites YouTube, the community of Vimeo includes indie filmmakers and their fans. The Vimeo community has adopted the name Vimeans, meaning a member of the Vimeo community, usually one who is active, the White House posts high-definition versions of its broadcasts to Vimeo. Vimeo has helped to offload traffic from Improv Everywheres servers after new pranks are announced, Vimeo was also the original location of Noah Kalinas everyday video, a popular viral video. On July 21,2008, Vimeo announced that it would no longer allow gaming videos, Vimeo cited a few reasons, including that the unusually long duration of gaming videos was holding back transcoder wait times, existing gaming videos were deleted on September 1,2008. The ban was lifted in October 2014, until then, all new uploads were subject to the rule, but machinima videos with a story of their own were still permitted. On December 2,2015, Vimeo released an update which will see 4K streaming technology rolling out within the first quarter of 2016, the Vimeo app, available for iOS and Android allows for video playback and limited user account management. On October 9,2007, Vimeo announced support for high definition playback in 1280×720, uploaded HD videos were automatically converted into 720/30p VP6 Flash video. Since August 2010, all videos are encoded into H.264 for HTML5 support, all videos uploaded before were re-encoded. Non-Plus users can upload up to 500 MB of videos per week, non-HD videos re-encode at a maximum of 30 frame/s but suffer in general video image quality, which is inline with the low bitrate for videos in the 640×360 size. Usually the video content is re-encoded to bitrate below 0.5 Mbit/s and this is not enough to reproduce the fine details that can be captured from, e. g. a consumer video camera or a smartphone. Vimeo began its service with free accounts, limited to 20 MB of disk space weekly. This limit was raised to 30 MB in 2006, then to 250 MB in January 2007, in July 2006, Vimeo Plus launched for $44. 95/year
22.
ITunes
–
ITunes is a media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It is used to play, download, and organize digital downloads of music and video on personal computers running the macOS, the iTunes Store is also available on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch. Application software for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the App Store. ITunes 12.5 is the most recent major version of iTunes, available for Mac OS X v10.9.5 or later and Windows 7 or later, it was released on September 13,2016. ITunes 12.2 added Apple Music to the application, along with the Beats 1 radio station, soundJam MP, developed by Bill Kincaid and released by Casady & Greene in 1998, was renamed iTunes when Apple purchased it in 2000. Jeff Robbin, Kincaid, and Dave Heller moved to Apple as part of the acquisition and they simplified SoundJams user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support. On January 9,2001, iTunes 1.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco, originally a Mac OS 9-only application, iTunes began to support Mac OS X when version 2.0 was released nine months later, which also added support for the original iPod. Version 3 dropped Mac OS9 support but added smart playlists, in April 2003, version 4.0 introduced the iTunes Store, in October, version 4.1 added support for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Introduced at Macworld 2005 with the new iPod Shuffle, Version 4.7, Version 7.0 introduced gapless playback and Cover Flow in September 2006. In March 2007, iTunes 7.1 added support for Windows Vista, iTunes lacked support for 64-bit versions of Windows until the 7.6 update on January 16,2008. ITunes is supported under any 64-bit version of Windows Vista, although the iTunes executable is still 32-bit, the 64-bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 are not supported by Apple, but a workaround has been devised for both operating systems. Version 8.0 added Genius playlists, grid view, iTunes 9 added Homeshare, enabling automatic updating of purchased items across other computers on the same subnet and offers a new iTunes Store UI. Genius Mixes were added, as well as improved app synchronization abilities and it also adds iTunes LPs to the store, which provides additional media with an album. Apple added iTunes Extras as well to the store, which adds content usually reserved for films on DVD, both iTunes LPs and Extras use web-standards HTML, JavaScript and CSS. iTunes acts as a front end for Apples QuickTime media framework. Officially, it is required in order to manage the data of an iPod, iPhone, or iPad. In addition, users are able to add PDF files to their library, the PDFs can be synchronized with and read on several devices except the regular iPod. iTunes 8.0 saw the removal of several options in the Preferences window. For example, iTunes once gave users the option to display arrows beside the selected songs title, artist, album and these arrows are no longer removable, except through the direct editing of a preferences file. ITunes keeps track of songs by creating a library, allowing users to access
23.
Facebook
–
Facebook is an American for-profit corporation and an online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California. Facebook gradually added support for students at other universities. Since 2006, anyone age 13 and older has been allowed to become a user of Facebook, though variations exist in the minimum age requirement. The Facebook name comes from the face book directories often given to United States university students, Facebook may be accessed by a large range of desktops, laptops, tablet computers, and smartphones over the Internet and mobile networks. After registering to use the site, users can create a user profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups organized by workplace, school, hobbies or other topics, in groups, editors can pin posts to top. Additionally, users can complain about or block unpleasant people, because of the large volume of data that users submit to the service, Facebook has come under scrutiny for its privacy policies. Facebook makes most of its revenue from advertisements which appear onscreen, Facebook, Inc. held its initial public offering in February 2012, and began selling stock to the public three months later, reaching an original peak market capitalization of $104 billion. On July 13,2015, Facebook became the fastest company in the Standard & Poors 500 Index to reach a market cap of $250 billion, Facebook has more than 1.86 billion monthly active users as of December 31,2016. As of April 2016, Facebook was the most popular social networking site in the world, Facebook classifies users from the ages of 13 to 18 as minors and therefore sets their profiles to share content with friends only. Zuckerberg wrote a program called Facemash on October 28,2003 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore, to accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into protected areas of Harvards computer network and copied private dormitory ID images. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online, the site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final exam. He uploaded 500 Augustan images to a website, each of which was featured with a corresponding comments section and he shared the site with his classmates, and people started sharing notes. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004 and he said that he was inspired by an editorial about the Facemash incident in The Harvard Crimson. On February 4,2004, Zuckerberg launched Thefacebook, originally located at thefacebook. com. com and they claimed that he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to The Harvard Crimson and the newspaper began an investigation and they later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling in 2008 for 1.2 million shares. Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, within the first month, eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, Andrew McCollum, and Chris Hughes joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website
24.
Brandy (album)
–
Brandy is the self-titled debut album by American R&B singer Brandy. It was released by Atlantic Records on September 27,1994 in North America, December 5 in the United Kingdom and on dates in Europe and Oceania. The album contains a range of genres, and the songs are a mix of soft hip hop soul, pop. They were chiefly produced by Keith Crouch who would all four single releases from the album. Aside from Crouch, Norwood worked with a range of writers and producers, including R&B group Somethin for the People, Arvel McClinton. Upon release, Brandy received generally positive reviews music critics. It became a success as well. It experienced similar success in Australia and Canada, where it was platinum, worldwide, the album has sold over six million copies. Four singles were released from the album, two of which became hits on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles. I Wanna Be Down was chosen as the lead single, reaching the top ten in the United States. The song was lauded, and was regarded as a standout track on Brandy. The albums second single, Baby was also received and charted even higher. It also garnered Norwood two Grammy Award nominations for Best New Artist and one for the second single, Baby for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 38th Grammy Awards in 1996. In 1990, Norwoods talent led to an oral contract with Teaspoon Productions, headed by Chris Stokes and Earl Harris. The same year, Stokes arranged the production of a tape which was handed over to Atlantic Recording Corporation executives. While they liked the material, they found Norwood too young at age 11, in 1993, amid ongoing negotiations with East West Records, Norwoods parents organized a recording contract with Atlantic after auditioning for the companys director of A&R, Darryl Williams. Norwood subsequently dropped out of Hollywood High School later and was tutored privately from tenth grade on, broadcast to mediocre ratings, the series ended only eight months after its premiere. It was a thing, because I could do what I had to do, because I wanted to sing When Thea was canceled I was like, ‘Okay
25.
Baby (Brandy song)
–
Baby is a song by American R&B recording artist Brandy, taken from her self-titled debut studio album. It was penned by Keith Crouch, Kipper Jones, and Rahsaan Patterson, released as the albums second single on December 24,1994 in the United States, the song spent four weeks on top of the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It also reached number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the New Zealand singles chart, the single sold 800,000 copies in 1995 in the United States. A music video was accompanied and directed by Hype Williams and it was photographed in the middle of Times Square in New York City in December 1994 and portrays Norwood and her company dancing in skiing outfits. Met with generally positive reviews from critics, Baby was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 1996 ceremony. Baby was written by Keith Crouch, Kipper Jones and Rahsaan Patterson, conceived within a few days only, the song was created during additional songwriting sessions with Patterson, with whom Crouch had worked on several songs for the Brandy album. Then by the day, he was like “We’ve got to turn this song in by Friday, so whatever you think of, just sing it. ”So I sang to him what I had heard instantly when he played it. Most of the vocals and instruments were recorded in one of Crouchs bedrooms. Upon hearing the track, Norwood applauded the song for its flavor. During recording, she was inspired by idol Whitney Houston vocally. The accompanying music video was directed by Hype Williams and filmed in the middle of Times Square in New York City in December 1994, choreography was handled by Fatima Robinson. The video portrays Norwood and her dancing at the The Great White Way. Norwood wears a big white jacket and thin, white leggings complete with a white hat, the back up dancers are dressed in white too. The next cuts show Brandy wearing pink in a pink room & Brandy singing into a microphone in a dull coloured room, Norwood is later seen dancing with people in the same room with the rest of the video containing similar cuts. Norwood commented on filming, all people were passing by and were like ‘Who’s this girl on stage in the middle of Times Square. ’ I had a great time shooting the video. I could just feel myself starting to open up, really come out of my shell. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of Baby, Baby Baby Baby I Wanna Be Down R&B number-one hits of 1995 ForeverBrandy. com — official site Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
26.
Best Friend (Brandy song)
–
Best Friend is a dance song with urban and R&B influences by American singer Brandy. It was written by Keith Crouch, and Glenn McKinney and produced by Krouch for her debut studio album. The song released as the third single in June 1995. With peak positions of number 11 in New Zealand and number 34 on the US Billboard Hot 100 the song was moderately successful, however, Best Friend peaked at number 7 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was featured on her hit series Moesha where she. Hence the title of the song, the song was dedicated to her brother Ray J. Brandy performed the song on Soul Train and Showtime at the Apollo in October 1995. In his review for Billboard, Larry Flick wrote, Brandys cachet as one of the freshest young talents to emerge in recent memory continues to increase, at all times, Brandys sweet and girlishly soulful delivery is center stage – as is the songs wickedly infectious hook. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of Best Friend
27.
Brokenhearted (Brandy song)
–
Brokenhearted is a R&B ballad performed by American recording artist Brandy. A remix version of the song, produced by duo Soulshock & Karlin, including vocals by Boyz II Men lead singer Wanya Morris, was released as the albums fourth and final single in August 1995. In the United States, the peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100. Fabolous Makin Love featuring Ne-Yo sampled her song on Losos Way, the album version of Brokenhearted was recorded in a single take, Brandy remembered during the release of The Best of Brandy in 2005, Theres a funny story behind the recording of that song. I really wanted to go to Six Flags but the producers kept saying, I sang my heart out. I wanted to go to Six Flags so bad. You can hear the passion in my voice, the idea for a duet version of the album originally came up while Brandy was on a two-month stint as the opening act on Boyz II Mens national tour in early 1995. The music video for the single was directed by Hype Williams and filmed inside the Oheka Castle in Spring Hills, Williams picked the castle because the owner was willing to let them ruin the floors and the walls with water and paint to out the video treatment into practice. Its basically a dream, because of course this is not reality, since the water was on the floor, the crew had to wear boots during filming. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of Brokenhearted
28.
I Wanna Be Down
–
I Wanna Be Down is a song by American recording artist Brandy Norwood. It served as Norwoods debut single, the first from her debut album. Written by musicians Keith Crouch and Kipper Jones, with production helmed by the former, the song is a mid–tempo track that features a thunderous beat and light synth riffs. Lyrically, I Wanna Be Down describes a flirt with a boy, the songs music video was filmed by Keith Ward and released in October 1994. It features Norwood in her image, dancing in front of a jeep near a forest. I Wanna Be Down was performed on television and award show ceremonies, such as The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, the 1996 Soul Train Music Awards. It has been performed on almost every one of Norwoods concerts and tours, revered as one of 90s R&Bs most-astounding moments, I Wanna Be Down was released to positive reaction by contemporary music critics. In 1995, a hip hop remix with new vocals from American rappers MC Lyte, Queen Latifah, I Wanna Be Down was written by Keith Crouch and Kipper Jones, while production was also handled by the former. Picked by Norwoods record company, Atlantic Records, as the single from her debut album. ‘I Wanna Be Down’ was interesting, she said in a interview with Complex magazine in 2012. I didn’t really get it at first, but I was young, I liked the song, but I just didn’t get it being the first thing that people heard from me. Upon its chart success she changed her mind on their decision however, once it was released and I saw why everyone responded to the title phrase, I understood why. The original clip for I Wanna Be Down was directed by Keith Ward, the video portrays Brandy in her tomboy image, dancing in front of a jeep near a forest, flanked by several dancers. Her first video shooting, Norwood called the filming a great experience, “I was so excited about the video, she said. I got a chance to work with great people like Frank Gatson. All my friends were in the video and my brother was in the video He was there and we had this little dance, and that became really popular. I was so excited because my dream was coming right before my eyes. Upon its release, Atlantic Records head Sylvia Rhone came up with the idea of re-recording the track with a group of rappers, I Wanna Be Down was eventually remixed with new vocals from American rappers MC Lyte, Queen Latifah, and Yo-Yo
29.
Never Say Never (Brandy album)
–
Never Say Never is the second studio album by American singer Brandy. The lyrical themes on the album include the personal experiences with love, monogamy, media bias. Upon its release, Never Say Never facilitated Norwood in becoming a recording artist with media–crossing appeal. It debuted at three on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 160,000 copies in its first week. Seven of the fourteen songs were chosen as singles, with two becoming worldwide number one hits, one becoming a hit, and one becoming a domestic hit. Worldwide, the album sold 16 million copies, the album was supported by Brandys Never Say Never World Tour in 1999, which featured soldout performances in the United States, Europe, Asia, Africa and Canada. After a lengthy break, Norwood established a flourishing acting career with her sitcom Moesha. She eventually entered recording studios on October 1997, to work on her second studio album. However, the recording of the album was postponed several times as Norwood felt that many songs wouldnt express what she wanted to tell at this point of her career. Many of the songs I heard were not me, the singer stated during a interview with Jet in 1999, And If I cant feel it. Im not the little girl I was when I made my first record and my voice is a strong instrument now, my vocals come from both my heart and my diaphragm. My heart because I matured in the four years since the last album, one song written for Norwood was Candy, but she didnt like the song, because it was feeling that she was too old for that. Two years later, the song was given to a pop star Mandy Moore. The song was written as Ill be forever yours Love always, Brandy. In 1997, Norwood requested Missy Elliott as one of the producers for her album, Norwood credited the chemistry with both producers with her musical growth, They brought out the best in me, the vocals I didnt know I had, she said. The albums opening track Angel in Disguise is a Rodney Jerkins-produced mid-tempo track that features backing vocals by fellow R&B singer Joe. Set as the lead single, The Boy Is Mine was originally intended to be a solo song for Brandy. Learn the Hard Way is the fourth track
30.
Almost Doesn't Count
–
Almost Doesnt Count is an R&B ballad written by Shelly Peiken and Guy Roche for Brandys second studio album, Never Say Never. It also was produced by Roche and released as the fourth single during the second quarter of 1999. The ballad reached the top 20 in New Zealand, the UK, brandy performed the song in the 1999 film Double Platinum, starring Diana Ross and herself. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of Almost Doesnt Count. UK CD single I Almost Doesnt Count –3,37 Almost Doesnt Count –3,39 Almost Doesnt Count –3,47 UK CD single II Almost Doesnt Count –4,15 Almost Doesnt Count –4,37 Have You Ever. This version reached number 19 on Billboards Hot Country Songs chart, willss cover was the second R&B cover on this album, following his late-1999 cover of Brian McKnights Back at One. The music video was directed by Michael Salomon and premiered in March 2000 and it was filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. There are two different videos, both with the concept but with different scenes. Almost Doesnt Count debuted at number 64 on the U. S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 1,2000. In 2007 the song was sampled by Ali & Gipp in the single Almost Made Ya, featuring vocals by LeToya Luckett, brandy CD Maxi release info Discogs Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
31.
Angel in Disguise (Brandy song)
–
Angel in Disguise is a song recorded by American recording artist Brandy Norwood for her second studio album Never Say Never. It was written by Rodney Darkchild Jerkins, Fred Jerkins III, LaShawn Daniels, Traci Hale, the song was recorded and mixed by audio engineer Dave Way at the Pacifique Recording Studios in North Hollywood, California and features prominent backing vocals by singer Joe. It became Brandys first single to chart without a single release or a video. On the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart the song peaked at #17, credits adapted from the liner notes of Never Say Never
32.
(Everything I Do) I Do It for You
–
I Do It for You is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams. The song was a chart success internationally, particularly in the United Kingdom. It went on to more than 15 million copies worldwide, making it Adams most successful song. Subsequently, the song has been covered by hundreds of singers, the musicians on the original recording are Adams on lead vocals and guitar, Bill Payne, Mickey Curry, Larry Klein, Keith Scott and Mutt Lange. The song was written in London, England at the studio Adams was working at in 1990, the song is performed in the key of D ♭ major. The official music video for the song was directed by Julien Temple, a video was also commissioned for a live version of the song, directed by Andy Morahan. I Do It for You has the longest unbroken run at one the UK Singles Chart. It also spent seven weeks at one on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. Billboard ranked it as the No.1 song for 1991 and it was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song but lost to Beauty and the Beast. The Irish band Fatima Mansions released an altered cover of the song as part of an NME tribute album in aid of the charity. The single was a double A-side with the Manic Street Preachers version of Suicide Is Painless, the single entered the UK top ten in 1992, and reached number 12 in the Republic of Ireland However, The Manic Street Preachers song received most of the UK radio airplay. American singer Brandy rerecorded I Do It for You for the version of second studio album Never Say Never. Producer David Foster reworked the arrangement of the song, with Dean Parks playing the acoustic guitar. In 1999, her version was released as the albums final single on a double A-side with U Dont Know Me on the Oceanic music market. Australian CD single I Do It for You –4,10 U Dont Know Me –4,29 Have You Ever, –5,40 Credits are taken from Never Say Never liner notes. Composer – Bryan Adams, Michael Kamen, R. J
33.
Have You Ever?
–
Have You Ever. is a song by American recording artist Brandy Norwood. The ballad was written by Diane Warren, with production handled by David Foster, and was recorded by Norwood for her second studio album, Never Say Never. The song also reached number one in New Zealand, peaked within the top ten in Australia, and managed to reach the top 20 in Canada and the United Kingdom, and top 30 in Ireland. At the 1999 ceremony, the video was nominated an MTV Video Music Award for Best R&B Video, have You Ever. was written by Diane Warren and was produced by David Foster. My voice wasnt as developed as it is now and the song required what producers call ‘money notes - the kind that get you a No.1 on the charts, I was really nervous but it all worked just fine. On September 5,2012, Warren revealed in an interview that she considers the track a classic song, i’m still waiting for the country version. The song received mixed to positive reviews from music critics upon its release. In his single review for Billboard, journalist Chuck Taylor noted that it was hard to imagine this single as anything, richard Harrington of The Spokesman-Review called the song a luxurious inevitable Diane Warren-penned power ballad, which was begging to be redone as a duet, perhaps with Usher. Generally critical with the Never Say Never album itself, Angela Lewis of The Independent found that Norwoods voice is pure honey, showing shes better at playing by the rules than anything else. Daryl Easlea of BBC Music wrote, that working with session players the calibre of bassist Nathan East and David Foster on keyboards and this was most evident on Have You Ever. Written by Diane Warren, the sounds a little too formulaic and off-the-peg. The accompanying music video for Have You Ever. was filmed by director Kevin Bray in Los Angeles, in the clip, Norwood looks after her best friends empty house, waiting for his return while watching videos of the two of them in the bedroom. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of Have You Ever. CD maxi single Have You Ever –3,32 Happy –4,06 Have You Ever –4,26 In 2003 and she eventually placed fifth in the competition. ForeverBrandy. com — official site Have You Ever, Music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
34.
The Boy Is Mine (song)
–
The Boy Is Mine is a duet by American singers Brandy and Monica. Described as a song to Michael Jackson and Paul McCartneys 1982 duet The Girl Is Mine. The song received positive reviews from contemporary music critics and was the first number-one pop record for both artists, both stateside and internationally. The video was nominated for two MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year and Best R&B Video. The Boy Is Mine was awarded the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group, at the Billboard Music Awards, the song won in three categories, including Hot 100 Sales Single of Year. In 2008, Billboard listed it 54th on its 50th Anniversary All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs chart, in 2012, after 14 years, the singers reunited on the single It All Belongs to Me. The Boy Is Mine was a song Brandy Norwood wrote with Rodney Darkchild Jerkins, his brother Fred Jerkins III, Japhe Tejeda, and LaShawn Daniels. The singer came up with its concept while watching The Jerry Springer Show tabloid talk show, created as a solo track, Norwood originally recorded the song alone. Upon Norwoods request her label Atlantic Records approached fellow R&B teen singer Monica Arnold for collaboration, with the permission from Clive Davis, the then label head of Arista Records, Arnolds record company, the singer eventually signed on to the project. Originally, the duo recorded their vocals for the song together with Jerkins, however, the joint recording was felt to be a failure so Arnold re-recorded her vocals separately at the DARP Studios in Atlanta, Georgia with longtime contributor Dallas Austin. Thus, Austin would later share the production credit alongside Jerkins. Though both Norwood and Arnold repeatedly denied the song reflected any actual rivalry between them, tabloids began writing the opposite. As with The Boy Is Mine Jerkins later claimed that both singers they didn’t get along during production and that he and Dexter Simmons remixed the track seven times to keep everything even. In a 2012 interview with WZMX, Arnold spoke about her past relationship with Norwood and we could barely stay in the room with each other. By no means was it jealousy or envy and she and I are polar opposites and instead of embracing that, we used our differences as reasons not to be amongst each other. The song has a tempo of 93 beats per minute, written in the key of C♯ minor, the song follows a chord progression of F♯m9–C♯m9, and the vocals span from G♯3 to F♯4. On June 6,1998, The Boy Is Mine became both singers first solo hit and fifth top ten entry for each on the US Billboard Hot 100. In addition, it was the first number-one collaboration between solo women since 1979s two-weeks number-one run of No More Tears, performed by Barbra Streisand and Donna Summer
35.
Top of the World (Brandy song)
–
Top of the World is a song by American singer Brandy Norwood, from her second studio album, Never Say Never. Released as the second international single in 1998, the track peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and reached the top 20 in Ireland and New Zealand. Top of the World topped the U. K. R&B Chart for six weeks, the song became the second consecutive European success for Brandy and peaked at number ten on the European Singles Chart. Top of The World also charted at number eleven on the New Zealand Singles Chart and 21 on the Canadian Singles Chart. In the U. S. it was a modest hit while peaking #44 on the Hot 100 Airplay, #19 on the R&B charts, a remix version with Latin rappers Fat Joe and Big Pun appeared on Puns 2001 compilation album Endangered Species. The Darkchild-produced song was released on the remix EP U Dont Know Me - The Remix EP. The remix sampled Ahmads single Back in the Day and these are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of Top of the World
36.
U Don't Know Me (Like U Used To)
–
U Dont Know Me is a song by American recording artist Brandy Norwood. It was written by Isaac Phillips, Paris Davis, Sean Bryant, Rodney Darkchild Jerkins, the track was released as the albums sixth and final single in fall 1999. The up-tempo song peaked at number 79 on the US Billboard Hot 100, a remix version of the track featuring female rappers Shaunta and Da Brat was accompanied by a remix EP entitled U Dont Know Me. Like U Used to – The Remix EP and a music video featuring alternative visuals. There is also a Swizz Beats remix featuring rappers Eve, Shaunta and these are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of U Dont Know Me. U. S. ForeverBrandy. com — official site U Dont Know Me music video on YouTube U Dont Know Me remix video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
37.
Full Moon (Brandy album)
–
Full Moon is the third studio album by American R&B recording artist Brandy. It was released by Atlantic Records on March 5,2002, Brandy credited Whitney Houston, Kim Burrell and Enya for inspiring her to push the limits of her voice and vocal arrangements. With Brandy in a relationship one of the albums primary musicians. Jerkins credited Michael Jackson, Brandys voice, and his experiences at European nightclubs for influencing the sound of the album, lyrically, the album speaks on love in all its forms. Musically, Full Moon drew inspiration from UK garage, electro, dance, glitch, the album became Norwoods highest-charting album, as well as garnering two Grammy Award nominations including Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony. The album spawned three singles—What About Us, in June 1998, Norwood released her second album Never Say Never. Boosted by the success of its lead single The Boy Is Mine. In total, the album sold 16 million copies worldwide and spawned seven singles, including Norwoods second number-one song, the following year, she co-starred with Diana Ross in the telefilm drama Double Platinum about an intense, strained relationship between a mother and daughter. Both Norwood and Ross served as producers of the movie which features original songs from Never Say Never. I needed to rejuvenate, get my juices flowing, balance my life with some privacy, to find my confidence, find my love of music again. In fall 2000, Norwood finally began conceiving ideas for a studio album with the Atlantic label. I was involved from A-Z, she said, Every song on the album was inspired by my life I wanted to talk about how I feel on so many levels. I wanted to be in touch all of my emotions. Ive taken three years off for myself and got a chance to find things I like to do, things I dont like, in addition, she also recorded with with Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo from The Neptunes. With Norwood fearing that the material would not fit the concept of the album. Rapper Ja Rule, singer Babyface and production duo Soulshock & Karlin were reportedly also involved into the project, I found out a lot about myself. I found a lot out about love, and Im just happy to have that reflect in my music. Accounting the last three years of her life, Norwood decided to name the album after its title track, stating, I have done a complete circle, All of thats reflected in the music
38.
Another Day in Paradise
–
Another Day in Paradise is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Phil Collins. Produced by Collins along with Hugh Padgham, it was released as the first single from his number-one album. But Seriously, Collins also appeals directly to God by singing, Oh Lord, is there nothing more anybody can do. Oh Lord, there must be something you can say, the song was Collins seventh and final Billboard Hot 100 number-one single, and the first number-one single of the 1990s. It was also a success, eventually becoming one of the most successful songs of his solo career. Another Day in Paradise also won an award for Best British Single at the 1990 BRIT Awards, despite the awards gained following its release, the song also generated controversy over its subject matter and has received a largely negative reaction from music critics. Collins and David Crosbys live performance of the song at the 1991 Grammy Awards was released on the 1994 album Grammys Greatest Moments Volume I, in 2009, Collinss version was listed at 86th on Billboards Greatest Songs of All Time. Another Day in Paradise has since covered by several artists, including Brandy, her brother Ray J, Jam Tronik, Axxis, Novecento. The song was another hit for Collins. On 23 December 1989, it became his seventh No.1 single in the U. S. The song was also the final No.1 song of the 1980s in the U. S. and remained at No.1 for four weeks and this song is notable for keeping Janet Jacksons Rhythm Nation from ever reaching number one. It also saw out the 1980s and saw in the 1990s at the top of the German singles chart, the song had already reached No.2 in the UK in November of that year. The single version is different from the album version in that it uses a shorter intro. David Crosby also appears performing backing vocals, popular music historian Colin Larkin wrote that Another Day in Paradise had been widely criticised. Its a misconception if you have a lot of money youre somehow out of touch with reality. In 2003, Andrew Collins described the song as a redress for the subject of homelessness in the New Statesman. Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian dismissed the track in 2007 as a song addressed the issue of homelessness with the same insight as Sporty Spices If That Were Me. Wilson also said Collins became a target when future elections came round. In April 1990, it peaked at number 19 on the UK Singles Chart, sampled in this version is the drum loop from the 1988 Raze song Break 4 Love
39.
I'd Die Without You
–
Id Die Without You is a song by American R&B duo P. M. It was released in October 1992 as the single from their second album. It spent the longest time in the top ten in 1992 on the Billboard Hot 100, staying a total of 16 weeks and it also peaked at number 16 on Billboards Hot R&B Singles in 1992. The song first appeared on the soundtrack of the 1992 movie Boomerang, id Die Without You was one of several songs to chart from the Boomerang soundtrack album. Other notable hits were Love Shoulda Brought You Home by Toni Braxton, the song later appeared on P. M. Dawns own The Bliss Album. and their 2000 greatest hits collection, in 2002, the song was covered by Brandy and her brother Ray J for her album Full Moon. More recently, cover versions were recorded by Alicia Keys and Childish Gambino
