1.
Hip hop
–
Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the inner-city South Bronx neighbourhood in New York City in the late 1970s. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion breaks, mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style toasting to rev up the crowd and dancers. These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s, with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap. Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as the only avant-garde still around, Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world. These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s. Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called flipping in hip hop culture. Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into his stage performance. The group frequently performed with artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them hip hoppers. The name was meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music. The song Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you dont stop. Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called The Positive Life in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. Bill Alder, an independent consultant, once said, There was hardly ever a moment when rap music was underground, one of the very first so-called rap records, was a monster hit. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa also credits Lovebug Starski as the first to use the hip hop. Bambaataa, former leader of the Black Spades gang, also did much to popularize the term. In the 1970s, an urban movement known as Hip Hop began to develop in the South Bronx in New York City. It focused on emceeing over breakbeats, house parties and neighbourhood block party events, Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Jamaican-born DJ Clive Kool Herc Cindy Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion breaks in hip hop music, beginning at Hercs home in a high-rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the movement later spread across the entire borough. Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, on August 11,1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sisters back-to-school party
Hip hop
–
Nas is an
American rapper who is regarded as one of the greatest MCs of all time.
Hip hop
–
DJ Kool Herc is credited as being highly influential in the pioneering stage of hip hop music.
Hip hop
–
Afrika Bambaataa with DJ Yutaka of
Universal Zulu Nation in 2004
Hip hop
–
Rapper
Busta Rhymes performs in
Las Vegas for a
BET party
2.
Rap music
–
It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
Rap music
–
1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop in 1973
Rap music
–
DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists
Rap music
–
Grandmaster Flash
Rap music
–
Afrika Bambaataa (left)
3.
N.W.A
–
N. W. A was an American hip hop group from Compton, California. The group was banned from many mainstream American radio stations. In spite of this, the group has sold over 10 million units in the United States alone, the group was also known for their deep hatred of the police system, which sparked much controversy over the years. The original lineup formed in 1986 consisted of Arabian Prince, Dr. Dre, Eazy-E, Eazy-E, Ice Cube, MC Ren and Dr. Dre would later become platinum-selling solo artists in the 1990s. Rolling Stone ranked N. W. A number 83 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, in 2016, the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, following three previous nominations. The group was assembled by Compton-based Eazy-E, who co-founded Ruthless Records with Jerry Heller, Eazy-E sought an introduction to Steve Yano. Although initially rebuffed, Yano was impressed by Eazy-Es persistence and arranged a meeting with Dr. Dre, initially, N. W. A consisted of Eazy-E and Dr. Dre. Together with fellow producer Arabian Prince, Ice Cube was added to the roster after he had started out as a rapper for the group C. I. A, Dre would later bring DJ Yella on board as well. Dre and Yella were both members of the World Class Wreckin Cru as DJs and producers. Ruthless released the single Panic Zone in 1987 with Macola Records, which was included on the compilation album N. W. A. Mexican rapper Krazy-Dee co-wrote Panic Zone, which was originally called Hispanic Zone, also included was Eazy-Es solo track Boyz-n-the-Hood. N. W. A released their studio album, Straight Outta Compton. With its famous opening salvo of three tracks, the reflected the rising anger of the urban youth. The opening song Straight Outta Compton introduced the group, Fuck tha Police protested police brutality and racial profiling, while the group was later credited with pioneering the burgeoning subgenre of gangsta rap, N. W. A referred to their music as reality rap. Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, as HighPowered Productions, composed the beats for each song, with Dre making occasional rapping appearances. Ice Cube, and MC Ren wrote most of the lyrics, including Fuck tha Police, perhaps the groups most notorious song. This letter can still be seen at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, policemen refused to provide security for the groups concerts, hurting their plans to tour. Nonetheless, the FBIs letter only served to more publicity to the group
N.W.A
–
N.W.A in 1988. Band members from left to right:
Arabian Prince,
MC Ren,
Ice Cube,
Eazy-E,
DJ Yella, and
Dr. Dre.
N.W.A
–
Ice Cube (pictured in 1987) left N.W.A. in 1989
N.W.A
–
Eazy-E (pictured in 1993) feuded with the other former members of the group until his death in 1995
N.W.A
–
N.W.A graffiti
4.
Brand Nubian
–
Brand Nubian is an American hip hop group from New Rochelle, New York, composed of three emcees, Grand Puba, Sadat X and Lord Jamar, and formerly two DJs, DJ Alamo and DJ Sincere. About. com placed the group on its list of the 25 Greatest Rap Groups of All Time, Brand Nubian formed in 1989 and their first single, Brand Nubian, was released in 1989. Signed to Elektra Records by A&R man Dante Ross, their debut album, generally acclaimed, the album drew fire for militant Five-Percenter rhetoric on tracks such as Drop the Bomb and Wake Up. The controversy helped selling in excess of 400,000 copies, a version of the Fab Five Freddy-directed video of the single Wake Up, featuring a black man in white-face makeup, was banned from MTV. On that channel and from official WEA sources, this image was replaced by a Baptist preacher, the singles Slow Down, All for One, and Wake Up all became hits on Billboard’s Hot Rap Tracks chart in 1991. Shortly after the debut release, Sadat X and Lord Jamar quarreled with Grand Puba. Following this, Lord Jamar and Sadat X asked DJ Sincere to join the group in 1992, the same year, Puba released his solo debut, Reel to Reel. At the end of 1992, Brand Nubian released the single Punks Jump up to Get Beat Down. The track created controversy because of its content such as Sadat Xs line I can freak, fly, flow, fuck up a faggot/I dont understand their ways. Despite this, the single charted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 77, later versions omitted the line and replaced it with different lyrics, including the version on the greatest hits compilation The Very Best of Brand Nubian. In early 1993, Brand Nubian released their album, In God We Trust, which included the song Punks Jump Up to Get Beat Down. That same year, the groups song Lick Dem Muthaphuckas was released as part of the Menace II Society soundtrack, Brand Nubian’s next release, Everything is Everything, came out in November 1994. Reviews were mixed and sales mediocre, despite the top-40 Hot Rap Tracks singles Word is Bond, in 1995, Brand Nubian broke up and its members started solo careers in music and television. That same year, Grand Puba released his solo effort,2000, featuring another Billboard Hot 100 single, I Like It. Brand Nubians original members reunited in 1997 and contributed A Child is Born to the Soul in the Hole soundtrack, in 1997, Keep It Bubblin appeared on the Money Talks soundtrack. In 1998, Brand Nubian released the album Foundation on Arista/BMG Records and it featured contributions from producers such as DJ Premier, Buckwild, Lord Finesse, and Diamond D. The lead single Dont Let It Go to Your Head became, at number 54, in 2000, Brand Nubian once again teamed up with Buckwild of D. I. T. C. Releasing the single Rockin It, after which the members, once again, Sadat X released a solo EP in 2000, The State of New York vs. Derek Murphy
Brand Nubian
–
Brand Nubian performing live in 2008.
5.
Gang Starr
–
Gang Starr was an influential East Coast hip hop duo that consisted of MC Guru and the DJ/producer DJ Premier. In 1987 and 1988, Gang Starr released three 12 vinyl singles on Wild Pitch Records, in 1989, the group split and the only member willing to continue under the name was Guru. He soon got in touch with Houston, Texas native DJ Premier who sent him a beat tape and he invited DJ Premier to join Gang Starr and in that same year they released their first single Words I Manifest along with the album No More Mr. Nice Guy. In 1990, the group was signed to the Chrysalis record label by then A&R director Duff Marlowe, during their career Gang Starr helped pioneer the New York City hardcore hip hop sound. The entire Gang Starr catalog, especially Step in the Arena, Daily Operation, Hard to Earn and Moment of Truth are well respected among underground rap fans, Gang Starr provided a track, Battle, for the sound track of the 2002 movie 8 Mile. Their track Jazz Thing was featured on the soundtrack to Spike Lees film Mo Better Blues, after several albums and tours, in late 2002 DJ Premier left Europe back to the United States. Once again Guru was faced with continuing alone and became involved in a European tour in 2003-04 with an alternate DJ, in 2006, Guru indicated in several interviews that Gang Starr had reached its end. In February 2010, Guru suffered an attack, went into a coma. Solar, a collaborator of the artist, said Guru chose not to go public with the diagnosis of myeloma that was made in 2000. Guru appeared to have fallen out with DJ Premier seven years prior to his death and did not wish my ex-DJ to have anything to do with my name, likeness, events, tributes, etc. There is speculation that the letter was not written by Guru, the validity of the statement continues to be heavily questioned by Gurus family and many of his contemporaries within the Hip-Hop culture. Soon after DJ Premier stated that there was a posthumous Gang Starr CD/DVD project in the works, and most likely to have released in 2014. Premier confirmed in late 2015 that he was working on a Gang Starr biopic with the cooperation of Gurus sister, members of the foundation included Big Shug, Afu-Ra, Jeru the Damaja, Krumbsnatcha, Ed O. G. and Group Home. Each episode title of the first season of the Netflix series Luke Cage, based on the Marvel Comics character, was named after a Gang Starr song
Gang Starr
–
Gang Starr performing in Hamburg, 1999.
Gang Starr
–
Gang Starr in 2003.
6.
Hip hop music
–
It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
Hip hop music
–
1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop in 1973
Hip hop music
–
DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists
Hip hop music
–
Grandmaster Flash
Hip hop music
–
Afrika Bambaataa (left)
7.
Too Phat
–
Too Phat is a Malaysian hip-hop duo, consisting of Joe Flizzow and Malique Ibrahim. In the late 1990s Joe Flizzow, Malique Ibrahim and Kevin Felix@DoctahK at that time formed a trio who later became a duo under the Positive Tone label. Their first big break came in 1999 when their first singles, Lil Fingaz, on the back of the success of these first singles, work soon began on an album entitled whuttadilly. So far, Plan B has sold over 45,000 copies, song lyrics were also included in the Platinum Edition and all albums and singles thereafter. The video features appearances from local artistes M. Nasir, Fauziah Latiff and Ferhad. Most of the scenes were shot locally, in the city of Kuala Lumpur, the group controversially used their video to confront issues regarding homosexuality, addressing a topic which is usually avoided in conservative Malaysia. Just a Friend became the first music video produced by a music act to be shown on national television. Too Phat have also collaborated with American hip hop artist Warren G, in 2005, they produced their latest album Rebirth Into Reality featuring various hip-hop artists from East Asia. The albums first single Dua Dunia features award-winning Malaysian singer Siti Nurhaliza, the respective Phat boys started to venture in their solo career after their last public performance for Kanye West in 2007. Malique with his solo album OK, K. O The Mixtape and TKO, Malique will release a new English album in 2017. Joe Flizzow releases his first solo album President on 31 December 2008 under Warner Music Malaysia as the distributor, during 2015 Anugerah Juara Lagu Award the song Apa Khabar by Joe Flizzow had win top prize on that night. The song lyric talked about Joe reminiscing the memory that he had with Malique, despite receiving mix criticism by the masses. As of 2016 Joe Flizzow project mostly involved with Kartel Records, numerous local and R&B artist had signed under his label with notable name like Altimet and SonaOne. As for Malique, he has more private after the days with Too Phat. Despite releasing numerous top hit collaboration track with local artist such as Mantera Beradu, Senyum Aku Maafkan Kamu. In an interview in 2011, Malique was quoted that being able to sell his product without having public appearance make him more comfortable. As of December 2016 it is announced that his new album may be out with the title TKO in 2016 under his own label Qarma Music. Malique intends to release an English album in 2017, owner of State of Mine Caps Kanye West -Touch The Sky Tour, Malaysia,2006 Recharge Revelation - Global Gathering, A Famosa,2007 Quiksilver 2
Too Phat
–
Joe Flizzow of Too Phat onstage
8.
EMI International
–
EMI was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, other members of the Sony consortium include the Estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and Abu Dhabi–owned investment fund Mubadala Development Company. The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording, the companys gramophone manufacturing led to forty years of success with larger-scale electronics and electrical engineering. He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental H2S radar set, post-war, the company resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the BBCs second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC, the commercial television ITV companies also used them alongside cameras made by Pye and Marconi. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, the company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of photomultipliers. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, in 1958 the EMIDEC1100, the UKs first commercially available all-transistor computer, was developed at Hayes under the leadership of Godfrey Hounsfield, an electrical engineer at EMI. In 1973 EMI was awarded a prestigious Queens Award for Technological Innovation for what was called the EMI scanner. After brief, but brilliant, success in the imaging field, EMIs manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies. Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley. Emihus Electronics, based in Glenrothes, Scotland, was owned 51% by Hughes Aircraft, of California, US and it manufactured integrated circuits electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held calculators under the Gemini name. Early in its life, the Gramophone Company established subsidiary operations in a number of countries in the British Commonwealth, including India, Australia. Over 150,000 78-rpm recordings from around the world are held in EMIs temperature-controlled archive in Hayes, in 1931, the year the company was formed, it opened the legendary recording studios at Abbey Road, London. During the 1930s and 1940s, its roster of artists included Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar, during this time EMI appointed its first A&R managers. These included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI fold. When the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1931, at this point RCA had a majority shareholding in the new company, giving RCA chair David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board
EMI International
–
EMI's former building in London. The building is now owned by
Warner Music UK.
EMI International
–
EMI Group logo used from 1990 to 2012
EMI International
–
Trade ad of congratulations to the Beatles for their 1964 Grammys.
9.
Chakra Sonic
–
Viveck, born April 8,1976, is a Malaysian hip hop artist. Viveck has featured artistes like Reshmonu and Datuk Siti Nurhaliza. He currently owns a record label and music publishing company releasing their own recordings as well as those of other artists, an article about Viveck has been featured on Deccan Chronicle on 29.03.14. 2010 Audio launch of ‘DISS’, an album of top Malaysian Indian composers. Nationwide roadshow and launch of ‘DISS’ Featured in MIROS LOVELIFE2010 video, Performed for the 1st Afro-Asia Dancehall Reggae Bash at The Titanium Club, K. L Produced solo singles called ‘Beautiful ‘ Involved in composition of a Malay song for Anuar Zain. 2009 Produced singles ‘Nyanee Tee’ with Norwegian Rappers, 2R and Mark J Worked on a Chinese rap number with MC, Performed at Magnum THR Raaga Charity Concert Performed at DIGI ‘1’ Malaysia Concert In Penang Special Appearance in ‘Aatam Nooru Vagai ‘, ASTO Vaanavil Dance Competition. Performed at charity concert at Ramakrishan Orphanage in Melaka,2008 Performed at live concert in Stadium Badminton Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. Performed in ‘ Cultural Nite’ with African Rapper JKL, Performed at “Malam Oscar Award” at Saloma Club. Nationwide promotion and roadshow of ‘Veera Puranam ‘ album Nominated for ‘Best Newcomer’ for AIM, ‘Hey Ma’ Song was nominated for the ‘Best Indian Song of the Year’. Worked with JKL for an album, ‘Yah Raman’, Worked on numerous audio launches and concerts with other top Malaysia Indian artistes. 2007 Was involved in the production of the 4th album “Veera Puranam”,2006 Produced third album called Rise of The Brahmmas and produced video clips, compilation of 3 albums. Performed in Queensland University, Australia for a “Cultural Nite”,2005 Represented IRIM for Tsunami Charity Foundation. Performed In Jurong East, Singapore for National Day, participated in concert in Sunway on Malaysian Independence day. Performed in Cape Town, Africa for a Cultural Show, was invited to perform in most of the local colleges, such as KDU, MMU Cyberjaya, Lim Kok Weng, Olympia, Informatic, Uniten, University Malaya and so on. 2004 Nominated for Best New Comer on Anugerah Era, Astro, Nominated for Best song called Sang Puteri on Anugerah Era, Astro. Performed live on Anugerah Era show, a song from Album “Kodi Kelviyin Bathil” titled Sang Puteri stayed on top of on Tower Records chart. 2002 Released an album called Kalai Oru Por, a song called Natpu Illai stayed top on MM Top10 Chart. “Feel This” song remained on top of BBC London Chart and Hits FM Chart for four weeks, anticipated in “Sure Heboh TV3 Carnival”
Chakra Sonic
–
Viveck (Chakra Sonic)
10.
Joe Flizzow
–
Too Phat is a Malaysian hip-hop duo, consisting of Joe Flizzow and Malique Ibrahim. In the late 1990s Joe Flizzow, Malique Ibrahim and Kevin Felix@DoctahK at that time formed a trio who later became a duo under the Positive Tone label. Their first big break came in 1999 when their first singles, Lil Fingaz, on the back of the success of these first singles, work soon began on an album entitled whuttadilly. So far, Plan B has sold over 45,000 copies, song lyrics were also included in the Platinum Edition and all albums and singles thereafter. The video features appearances from local artistes M. Nasir, Fauziah Latiff and Ferhad. Most of the scenes were shot locally, in the city of Kuala Lumpur, the group controversially used their video to confront issues regarding homosexuality, addressing a topic which is usually avoided in conservative Malaysia. Just a Friend became the first music video produced by a music act to be shown on national television. Too Phat have also collaborated with American hip hop artist Warren G, in 2005, they produced their latest album Rebirth Into Reality featuring various hip-hop artists from East Asia. The albums first single Dua Dunia features award-winning Malaysian singer Siti Nurhaliza, the respective Phat boys started to venture in their solo career after their last public performance for Kanye West in 2007. Malique with his solo album OK, K. O The Mixtape and TKO, Malique will release a new English album in 2017. Joe Flizzow releases his first solo album President on 31 December 2008 under Warner Music Malaysia as the distributor, during 2015 Anugerah Juara Lagu Award the song Apa Khabar by Joe Flizzow had win top prize on that night. The song lyric talked about Joe reminiscing the memory that he had with Malique, despite receiving mix criticism by the masses. As of 2016 Joe Flizzow project mostly involved with Kartel Records, numerous local and R&B artist had signed under his label with notable name like Altimet and SonaOne. As for Malique, he has more private after the days with Too Phat. Despite releasing numerous top hit collaboration track with local artist such as Mantera Beradu, Senyum Aku Maafkan Kamu. In an interview in 2011, Malique was quoted that being able to sell his product without having public appearance make him more comfortable. As of December 2016 it is announced that his new album may be out with the title TKO in 2016 under his own label Qarma Music. Malique intends to release an English album in 2017, owner of State of Mine Caps Kanye West -Touch The Sky Tour, Malaysia,2006 Recharge Revelation - Global Gathering, A Famosa,2007 Quiksilver 2
Joe Flizzow
–
Joe Flizzow of Too Phat onstage
11.
Malique Ibrahim
–
Too Phat is a Malaysian hip-hop duo, consisting of Joe Flizzow and Malique Ibrahim. In the late 1990s Joe Flizzow, Malique Ibrahim and Kevin Felix@DoctahK at that time formed a trio who later became a duo under the Positive Tone label. Their first big break came in 1999 when their first singles, Lil Fingaz, on the back of the success of these first singles, work soon began on an album entitled whuttadilly. So far, Plan B has sold over 45,000 copies, song lyrics were also included in the Platinum Edition and all albums and singles thereafter. The video features appearances from local artistes M. Nasir, Fauziah Latiff and Ferhad. Most of the scenes were shot locally, in the city of Kuala Lumpur, the group controversially used their video to confront issues regarding homosexuality, addressing a topic which is usually avoided in conservative Malaysia. Just a Friend became the first music video produced by a music act to be shown on national television. Too Phat have also collaborated with American hip hop artist Warren G, in 2005, they produced their latest album Rebirth Into Reality featuring various hip-hop artists from East Asia. The albums first single Dua Dunia features award-winning Malaysian singer Siti Nurhaliza, the respective Phat boys started to venture in their solo career after their last public performance for Kanye West in 2007. Malique with his solo album OK, K. O The Mixtape and TKO, Malique will release a new English album in 2017. Joe Flizzow releases his first solo album President on 31 December 2008 under Warner Music Malaysia as the distributor, during 2015 Anugerah Juara Lagu Award the song Apa Khabar by Joe Flizzow had win top prize on that night. The song lyric talked about Joe reminiscing the memory that he had with Malique, despite receiving mix criticism by the masses. As of 2016 Joe Flizzow project mostly involved with Kartel Records, numerous local and R&B artist had signed under his label with notable name like Altimet and SonaOne. As for Malique, he has more private after the days with Too Phat. Despite releasing numerous top hit collaboration track with local artist such as Mantera Beradu, Senyum Aku Maafkan Kamu. In an interview in 2011, Malique was quoted that being able to sell his product without having public appearance make him more comfortable. As of December 2016 it is announced that his new album may be out with the title TKO in 2016 under his own label Qarma Music. Malique intends to release an English album in 2017, owner of State of Mine Caps Kanye West -Touch The Sky Tour, Malaysia,2006 Recharge Revelation - Global Gathering, A Famosa,2007 Quiksilver 2
Malique Ibrahim
–
Joe Flizzow of Too Phat onstage
12.
Namewee
–
Wee Meng Chee, is a Malaysian Chinese rapper, filmmaker and movie star of Hainanese descent. He is widely known as Namewee, a pun on his name. Wee gained popularity releasing a controversial song fused with the national anthem of Malaysia, Negaraku. The lyrics of the remake shocked the society, in the following weeks, the song increasingly drew both praise and criticism from various quarters of Malaysian society thus been entitled Muka Ubi Kentang by the locals meaning Potato-tuber. Recently, he was nominated for the 27th Golden Melody Award. In August 2016, he was arrested by police for filming a video on the grounds of a mosque. Born and raised up in the town of Muar, Johor, Malaysia, Wee was educated in SRJK Chung Hwa 1B and he was an undergraduate student majoring in Mass communication at Ming Chuan University in Taoyuan, Taiwan. While in secondary school, he wrote his first 400 songs, around the same time, Wee and a few good friends formed a band named 大娘乐队 and won several competitions, while studying abroarious languages. Despite the controversy surrounding Negarakuku, Wee released his first, self-titled album, 明志 Namewee, the album was completed in May and does not contain Negarakuku. When Wee was still studying in a university, there were a lot of teachers in his university. They asked Wee and his classmates to find themselves a nickname, a lot of students in the class did not have a nickname, so they went back and started to referring to the dictionary and other resources to find an appropriate nickname. Unfortunately, Wee was not able to choose a nickname, the next day, Wees teacher asked the class for their nicknames. When his teacher asked him whats his nickname, its impossible for Wee to tell her My name is Huang Ming Zhi, Meng Chee means Name as the pronunciation of combet and 名字 is almost the same. Wee is Wees surname as it is in Hainan language, which means Yellow, therefore, Name means Meng Chee, Wee means Yellow, thats how he discovered Namewee. One day, Wee used Namewee to register his YouTube account, since then, people started to call him Namewee. Wees sudden rise to stardom is the result of his highly controversial piece – I Love My Country Negarakuku, Wee was studying in Taiwan when he released the song. While the national anthem sung in an R&B style, Wee had no intention of altering the melody and lyrics of the anthem and had tried to retain the original theme. The arrangement used by Wee follows original arrangement of the anthem, the rap was in Mandarin, with occasional Hokkien phrases and words, while verses of the national anthem are sung in their original Malay form
Namewee
–
Namewee
13.
Kartel Records
–
Kartel Records is a Malaysian hip-hop record label, dealing predominantly in Hip-Hop/R&B music, founded by rapper/entrepreneur Joe Flizzow in 2005. In 2008, Kartel Records entered into an agreement with Warner Music Group Malaysia. This gave birth to Kartel Records in 2005, the labels first release was Rebirth Into Reality by Too Phat in 2005, jointly-owned and in partnership with EMI Malaysia. This hugely successful release instantly made Kartel Records an award-winning record label, taking the Best Local English Album, in 2008, Kartel Records released President, the debut solo studio album by Joe Flizzow. President featured many collaborations with regional and international superstars such as KRS-One, Jin, Thaitanium, TerryTyeLee. This was very much in line with the mission to place Malaysia in the forefront of hip-hop music at an international level. Kartel Records made 5 new artist signings in 2009 and these new artists include Altimet, SonaOne, Richard J, Micbandits and DJ Iman. Kartel Records owns a publishing company, Kartel Music Publishing
Kartel Records
–
Kartel Records
14.
Malaysian pop
–
Malaysian pop or abbreviated as M-pop or Malay pop refers to popular music forms in Malaysia. Although popular music in various such as Mandopop are popular and have been produced in Malaysia. Malaysian pop covers a diverse musical genres, such as pop, rock, hip hop, electronic, Malaysian popular music has its origin in local musical tradition and popular European music styles. Some of the musical styles, performers, and songs of Kroncong. The Bangsawan troupes originated in the 19th century as a form of opera called Wayang Pasir that developed as an adaptation of Persian theatre brought to Malaya by performers from Bombay. They portrayed stories from diverse groups such as Indian, Western, Islamic, Chinese, Indonesian and Malay with music, dance, the musicians were mostly local Malays, Filipinos and Goans. Famous early singers such as Temah, Tijah and Dean often incorporate Chinese, Middle Eastern, Western popular music has continually influenced Malaysian popular music since its early days. In the pre-World War II era, songs based on Anglo-American and Latin-American dance music sung in Malay were very popular and these songs were accompanied by dance bands that became known as orkes Melayu. The orkes Melayu, which influenced dangdut, was played at dance halls in amusement parks, bangsawan shows, early singers were often Filipinos originally brought to Malaya by the British to form the Selangor State Band, for example Soliano, DCruz and Martinez. In the 1960s and 1970s, influenced by Western rock bands, from the 1970s to 1980s, a Western orchestral sound also became popular as musical accompaniment in albums, which is widely assumed to be due to the influence of RTM Orchestra. Other musical forms such as Indian, Islamic and other Asian popular music have also exerted their influences at various times, and many international trends in music surfaced in Malaysian pop. Hindustani music had a influence on many traditional types of music in the Malay Peninsula, for example in the use of instruments such as the tabla. More recently, music of J-pop and K-pop have become influential, the first recording of music in Malaya was made 1903 by Fred Gaisberg of the Gramophone Company who was sent to record local music in Asia. Until the 1960s, few records were produced locally, and recordings of the singers and film stars done in Malaya were pressed in India, one of the earliest modern Malay pop songs was Tudung Periok, sung by Momo Latiff, who recorded it in the 1930s. Many of the stars became popular through Malay films in the early era. In the 1940s and 1950s, singers who achieved popularity through their films and recordings were P. Ramlee, R. Azmi, Jasni, Ahmad C. B. S. M. Salim, Saloma, Momo Latif, some of these singers had Bangsawan or Kroncong background. The songs of this era were influenced by music styles such as those of Latin American dance, Hawaiian music. The most important of the singers was P. Ramlee whose career spanned the late 1940s through early 1970s
Malaysian pop
–
P. Ramlee, the best-known of the early popular singers in Malaya
Malaysian pop
–
Siti Nurhaliza also known as Malaysian pop princess
Malaysian pop
–
Yuna performing.
15.
Breakdancing
–
B-boying or breaking, also called breakdancing, is a style of street dance that originated primarily among Puerto Rican and African American youths during the mid-1970s in the Bronx. The dance spread worldwide due to popularity in the media, especially in such as Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, South Korea. While diverse in the amount of variation available in the dance, b-boying consists of four kinds of movement, toprock, downrock, power moves, and freezes. B-boying is typically danced to hip-hop, funk music, and especially breakbeats, although modern trends allow for much wider varieties of music along certain ranges of tempo, a practitioner of this dance is called a b-boy, b-girl, or breaker. Although the term breakdance is frequently used to refer to the dance in culture and in the mainstream entertainment industry. These terms are preferred by the majority of the pioneers and most notable practitioners, instead of the term b-boying, the mainstream media promoted the artform as breakdancing, causing many to only know it as such. Enthusiasts consider breakdancing an ignorant and derogatory term due to the exploitation of the artform. The media displayed a simplified version of the dance, making it seem like the so-called “tricks” were everything, ultimately trading the culture for money and promotion. The dance itself is properly called breaking according to such as KRS-One, Talib Kweli, Mos Def. The terms b-boy, b-girl, and breaker are the terms used to describe the dancers who performed to DJ Kool Hercs breakbeats. DJ Kool Herc is a Jamaican-American DJ who is responsible for developing the foundational aspects of hip-hop music, the obvious connection of the term breaking is to the word breakbeat. DJ Kool Herc has commented that the term breaking was 1970s slang for getting excited, most breaking pioneers and practitioners prefer the terms b-boy, b-girl, and/or breaker when referring to these dancers. For those immersed in culture, the term breakdancer may be used to disparage those who learn the dance for personal gain rather than for commitment to the culture. B-boy London of the New York City Breakers and filmmaker Michael Holman refer to these dancers as breakers, frosty Freeze of the Rock Steady Crew says, we were known as b-boys, and hip-hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa says, b-boys, what you call break boys. Or b-girls, what you call break girls, many elements of b-boying can be seen in other antecedent cultures prior to the 1970s. B-boy pioneers Richard Crazy Legs Colon and Kenneth Ken Swift Gabbert, many of b-boyings acrobatic moves, such as the flare, show clear connections to gymnastics. The engraving shows a man apparently B-boying. The dance was called the Giesse Harad Polska or salmon district dance, a young street dancer performing acrobatic headspins was recorded by Thomas Edison in 1898
Breakdancing
–
A b-boy performing outside
Faneuil Hall, Boston, MA, United States
Breakdancing
–
A b-boy practicing
downrock at a
studio in Moscow.
Breakdancing
–
B-boys performing on San Francisco's Powell Street in 2008.
Breakdancing
–
B-Boy performing hand hops in Washington D.C.
16.
Turntablism
–
The mixer is plugged into a PA system for live events and/or broadcasting equipment (if the DJ is performing on radio, TV or Internet radio, so that a wider audience can hear the turntablists music. Turntablists typically use two or more turntables and headphones to cue up desired start points on different records, the word turntablist was originated by Luis DJ Disk Quintanilla. The new term coincided with the resurgence of hip-hop DJing in the 1990s, some turntablists use turntable techniques like beat mixing/matching, scratching, and beat juggling. Some turntablists seek to have recognized as traditional musicians capable of interacting and improvising with other performers. The use of the turntable as an instrument has its roots dating back to the 1930s, 1940s. Experimental composers used them to sample and create music that was produced by the turntable. Cages Imaginary Landscape No.1 is composed for two variable speed turntables, frequency recordings, muted piano and cymbal, edgard Varèse experimented with turntables even earlier in 1930, though he never formally produced any works using them. Examples of turntable effects can also be found on popular records produced in the 1960s and 1970s, creedence Clearwater Revivals 1968 self-titled debut album features a backspin effect in the song Walk on the Water. However, turntablism as it is known today did not surface until the development of hip hop in the late 1970s, Turntablism as a modern art form and musical practice has its roots within African-American inner city hip hop and hip hop culture of the late 1970s. Kool DJ Herc, Afrika Bambaataa and Grandmaster Flash are widely credited for having cemented the now established role of DJ as hip hops foremost instrumentalist. Kool Hercs invention of break-beat DJing is generally regarded as the development in hip hop history. His influence on the concept of DJ as turntablist is equally profound, to understand the significance of this achievement, it is important to first define the break. Briefly, the break of a song is a musical fragment only seconds in length, Kool Herc introduced the break-beat technique as a way of extending the break indefinitely. This is done by buying two of the record, finding the break on each record, and switching from one to the other using the DJ mixer. Using that idea, Grandmaster Flash elaborated on Kool Hercs invention of break-beat DJing and came up with the quick-mix theory and he described it as being. like cutting, the backspin, and the double-back. Kool Hercs revolutionary techniques set the course for the development of turntablism as an art form in significant ways, most important, however, he developed a new form of DJing that did not consist of just playing and mixing records one after the other. The type of DJ that specializes in mixing a set is well respected for his/her own set of unique skills, the DJ would be examined critically by the crowd on both a technical and entertainment level. Grand Wizzard Theodore, an apprentice of Flash, who isolated the most recognizable technique of turntablism, [ Eshun
Turntablism
–
A DJ vinyl turntable system, consisting of two turntables and a crossfader mixer
17.
Graffiti
–
Graffiti are writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other surface, often within public view. Graffiti range from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and they have existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, in modern times, paint and marker pens have become the most commonly used graffiti materials. In most countries, marking or painting property without the property owners permission is considered defacement and vandalism, Graffiti may also express underlying social and political messages and a whole genre of artistic expression is based upon spray paint graffiti styles. Within hip hop culture, graffiti have evolved alongside hip hop music, b-boying, unrelated to hip-hop graffiti, gangs use their own form of graffiti to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Controversies that surround graffiti continue to create disagreement amongst city officials, law enforcement, both graffiti and its occasional singular form graffito are from the Italian word graffiato. Graffiti is applied in art history to works of art produced by scratching a design into a surface, a related term is sgraffito, which involves scratching through one layer of pigment to reveal another beneath it. This technique was used by potters who would glaze their wares. In ancient times graffiti were carved on walls with a sharp object, the word originates from Greek γράφειν — graphein — meaning to write. The term graffiti referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, and such, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, use of the word has evolved to include any graphics applied to surfaces in a manner that constitutes vandalism. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD, the first known example of modern style graffiti survives in the ancient Greek city of Ephesus. Local guides say it is an advertisement for prostitution, located near a mosaic and stone walkway, the graffiti shows a handprint that vaguely resembles a heart, along with a footprint and a number. This is believed to indicate that a brothel was nearby, with the handprint symbolizing payment, the ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt. Graffiti in the world had different connotations than they carry in todays society concerning content. One inscription gives the address of a woman named Novellia Primigenia of Nuceria, another shows a phallus accompanied by the text, mansueta tene. Etched on the surface of the Mirror Wall, they contain pieces of prose, poetry, the majority of these visitors appear to have been from the elite of society, royalty, officials, professions, and clergy. There were also soldiers, archers, and even some metalworkers, the topics range from love to satire, curses, wit, and lament. Many demonstrate a high level of literacy and a deep appreciation of art. Most of the graffiti refer to the frescoes of semi-nude females found there, one reads, Among the ancient political graffiti examples were Arab satirist poems
Graffiti
–
Ancient graffito at
Kom Ombo Temple, Egypt
Graffiti
–
Ancient
Pompeii graffito
caricature of a politician
Graffiti
–
Ironic wall inscription commenting on boring graffiti
Graffiti
–
Satirical
Alexamenos graffito, possibly the earliest known
representation of Jesus
18.
Rapping
–
The components of rapping include content, flow, and delivery. Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is performed in time to a beat. Rapping is often associated with and an ingredient of hip-hop music. Rapping is also used in Kwaito music, a genre originated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Another form of rap that predates hip hop was boxer Muhammad Alis rhythmic poetry used to taunt his opponents in the 1960s and 1970s, rapping can be delivered over a beat, typically provided by a DJ, turntablist or Beatboxer, or without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies an area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word, as used to describe quick speech or repartee, the word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning to converse, today, the terms rap and rapping are so closely associated with hip-hop music that many writers use the terms interchangeably. The English verb rap has various meanings, such as to strike, especially with a quick, smart, or light blow, as well to utter sharply or vigorously, to rap out a command. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives a date of 1541 for the first recorded use of the word with the meaning to utter sharply, vigorously and it is these meanings from which the musical form of rapping derives, and this definition may be from a shortening of repartee. A rapper refers to a performer who raps, by the late 1960s, when Hubert G. Brown changed his name to H. Rap was used to describe talking on records as early as 1971, on Isaac Hayes album Black Moses with track names such as Ikes Rap, Ikes Rap II, Ikes Rap III, Hayes husky-voiced sexy spoken raps became key components in his signature sound. Del the Funky Homosapien similarly states that rap was used to refer to talking in a manner in the early 1970s. Back then what rapping meant, basically, was you trying to convey something—youre trying to convince somebody, thats what rapping is, its in the way you talk. Rapping can be traced back to its African roots, centuries before hip-hop music existed, the griots of West Africa were delivering stories rhythmically, over drums and sparse instrumentation. Such connections have been acknowledged by modern artists, modern day griots, spoken word artists, mainstream news sources. Grammy-winning blues musician/historian Elijah Wald and others have argued that the blues were being rapped as early as the 1920s, Wald went so far as to call hip hop the living blues. A notable recorded example of rapping in blues music was the 1950 song Gotta Let You Go by Joe Hill Louis, not just jazz music and lyrics but also jazz poetry
Rapping
–
The
Memphis Jug Band, an early blues group, whose lyrical content and rhythmic singing predated rapping.
19.
Battle rap
–
Improv/freestyles are improvised in this way. Its basically a rhyme just bragging about yourself, myka 9 adds, back in the day freestyle was bust a rhyme about any random thing, and it was not a written rhyme or something memorized. Divine Styler says, in the school I come from, freestyling was a written rhyme. and now they call freestyling off the top of the head. Kool Moe Dee also refers to this definition in his book, Theres A God On The Mic. Theres an old-school freestyle thats basically rhymes that youve just thought of on the spot that may not have anything to do with any subject or that all over the place. Then theres freestyle where you come off the top of the head, referring to this earlier definition Big Daddy Kane stated, thats really what a freestyle is and Kool Moe Dee refers to it as true freestyle, and the real old-school freestyle. Kool Moe Dee suggests that Kool G Raps track Men At Work is an excellent example of true freestyle, along with Rakims Lyrics of Fury. This type of freestyle is the focus of Kevin Fitzgeralds documentary, Freestyle, The Art of Rhyme and we have redefined what freestyle is by saying that its improvisational rap like a jazz solo. Any emcee coming off the top of the head wasnt really respected, the sentiment was emcees only did that if they couldnt write. The coming off the top of the head rhymer had an excuse to not be critiqued as hard. Reasons for freestyling include entertainment, as an activity, to discover different ways of rapping, promoting oneself, increasing versatility. Improvised freestyling can also be used in performances, to do things such as giving something extra to the crowd. In order to prove that a freestyle is being made up on the spot, rappers will often refer to places and objects in their immediate setting, freestyles are performed a cappella, over beatboxing, or over instrumental versions of songs. Freestyling is often done in a setting called a cypher or as part of a freestyle battle. Due to the nature of freestyle, meter and rhythm are usually more relaxed than in conventional rapping. Many artists base their freestyle on their current situation or mental state, freestyling can also be used as a songwriting method for albums or mixtapes. A freestyle battle is a contest in two or more rappers compete or battle each other using improvised lyrics. It is a prominent part of hip hop culture, in a freestyle battle, each competitors goal is to diss their opponent through clever lyrics and wordplay, with heavy emphasis being placed upon the rappers improvisational ability
Battle rap
20.
Hip-hop dance
–
Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It includes a range of styles primarily breaking, locking. The television show Soul Train and the 1980s films Breakin, Beat Street, the dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called new style—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called jazz-funk. Classically trained dancers developed these studio styles in order to choreograph from the dances that were performed on the street. Because of this development, hip-hop dance is practiced in both studios and outdoor spaces. 1980s films, television shows, and the Internet have contributed to introducing hip-hop dance outside of the United States, since being exposed, educational opportunities and dance competitions have helped maintain its presence worldwide. Europe hosts several international hip-hop competitions such as the UK B-Boy Championships, Juste Debout, Australia hosts a team-based competition called World Supremacy Battlegrounds and Japan hosts a two-on-two competition called World Dance Colosseum. What distinguishes hip-hop from other forms of dance is that it is often freestyle in nature, crews, freestyling, and battles are identifiers of this style. Hip-hop dance can be a form of entertainment or a hobby and it can also be a way to stay active in competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally. Hip-hop dance is a category that includes a variety of styles. The older dance styles that were created in the 1970s include uprock, breaking, breaking was created in The Bronx, New York, incorporating dances that were popular in the 1960s and early 1970s in African-American and Latino communities. In its earliest form, it began as elaborations on James Browns Good Foot dance which came out in 1972, breaking at this period was not primarily floor-oriented as seen today, it started out as toprock which dancers perform while standing up. An influence on toprock was uprock which was created in Brooklyn, uprock looks similar to toprock, but it is more aggressive and looks like a fight. Uprock is also performed with partners, but in toprock—and in breaking in general—each person takes turns dancing, in 1973, DJ Kool Herc invented the break beat. A break beat is a rhythmic, musical interlude of a song that has been looped over and over again to extend that instrumental solo, Kool Herc did this to provide a means for dancers who attended his parties to demonstrate their skills. B-boy and b-girl stands for break-boy and break-girl, b-boys and b-girls dance to the break of a record, further influenced by martial arts and gymnastics, breaking went from being a purely upright dance style—toprock only—to becoming more floor-oriented. At the same time breaking was developing in New York, other styles were being created in California, out of all of these dances, boogaloo is one of the oldest. It started out as a 1960s fad dance and was the subject of songs released during that time such as Do the Boogaloo
Hip-hop dance
–
A
b-boy performing in Turkey surrounded by a group of spectators.
Hip-hop dance
–
A b-boy in an
airchair freeze at Street Summit 2006 in Moscow.
Hip-hop dance
–
Hip-hop dancer Joseph Coine performing in 2011 in Wallace Theater at
Fort Belvoir, Virginia.
Hip-hop dance
–
The JabbaWockeez, winners of the first season of America's Best Dance Crew, performing in 2008 at Vivid Nightclub in
San Jose, California.
21.
Hip hop fashion
–
Each city contributed various elements to its overall style seen worldwide today. Hip hop fashion complements the expressions and attitudes of hip hop culture in general, Hip hop fashion has changed significantly during its history, and today, it is a prominent part of popular fashion as a whole across the world and for all ethnicities. In the late 1970s, established sportswear and fashion brands, such as Le Coq Sportif, Kangol, Adidas and Pro-Keds attached themselves to the emerging hip hop scene. During the 1980s, hip-hop icons wore clothing items such as brightly colored name-brand tracksuits, sheepskin and leather jackets, Clarks shoes. Popular haircuts ranged from the early-1980s Jheri curl to the early-1990s hi-top fade popularized by Will Smith and Christopher Kid Reid of Kid n Play, popular accessories included large eyeglasses, Kangol bucket hats, nameplates, name belts, and multiple rings. Heavy gold jewelry was popular in the 1980s, heavy jewelry in general would become an enduring element of hip hop fashion. In general, mens jewelry focused on gold chains and womens jewelry on large gold earrings. The heavy jewelry was suggestive of prestige and wealth, and some have connected the style to Africanism, the famous rapper, Jay Z also echoed the same words O’Neal talks about. It is not necessarily because of consumption that the hip-hop lifestyle brought in these high end fashion products. In addition, the Preppy looks also caught onto 80s youth in the first wave of hip-hop influence, the immense popularity of the brand, Tommy Hilfiger among the hip-hop subculture community then led to the global expansion of the brand. Hip-hop has also adopted and then transformed traditional or “old world” luxury symbols and made them modern-day, rapper LL Cool J wore a Kangol hat back in the 1980s, when few Americans knew anything about the European hat maker—but its association with hip-hop would invigorate the brand. In 2003, London-based Kangol even acknowledged the popularity given its sixty-year-old brand by a young LL Cool J in 1983, black nationalism was increasingly influential in rap during the late 1980s, and fashions and hairstyles reflected traditional African influences. Blousy pants were popular among dance-oriented rappers like M. C, in the early 1990s, pop rappers such as The Fresh Prince, Kid n Play, and Left Eye of TLC popularized baseball caps and bright, often neon-colored, clothing. TLC and late R&B singer Aaliyah created a trend among women. Wearing over-sized pants and big flannel shirts, they would couple the over-sized clothing with a shirt usually a sports bra underneath their big shirts. This was to show their own version of femininity, everything does not have to be form fitting, kris Kross also established the fad of wearing clothes backwards. Kwamé sparked the trend of polka-dot clothing as well, while others continued wearing their mid-1980s attire. Gangsta rap pioneers N. W. A popularized a form of street Gangsta style in the late 1980s from the African American Gangs
Hip hop fashion
–
Faada Freddy of the Senegalese rap crew
Daara J in Germany, 2005
Hip hop fashion
–
Rapper
Slim Thug wearing a
stocking cap
Hip hop fashion
–
Bling-bling jewelry worn by
Jim Jones and
Juelz Santana of
Dipset.
Hip hop fashion
–
Kanye West performing in 2006 wearing a fitted
sportcoat
22.
Hip-hop theater
–
Hip-hop theater is a form of theater that presents contemporary stories through the use of one or more of the four elements of hip-hop culture—b-boying, graffiti writing, MCing, and DJing. Other cultural markers of such as spoken word, beatboxing. What is most important is the language of the theatrical piece, hip-hop theater productions appear in a wide range of platforms including single performances, week-long festivals, and traveling repertory companies. Marc Bamuthi Joseph is a spoken word poet and dancer who has been commissioned several times to create. British choreographer Jonzi D is the director of the London-based Breakin Convention. Rennie Harris, Mourad Merzouki, and Victor Quijada are artistic directors who run hip-hop theater companies in the U. S. France, the Rock Steady Crew, Magnificent Force, and the Rhythm Technicians pioneered this theatrical genre which started in the United States. Though hip-hop culture has managed to establish itself on film, on television, in fashion, in music, stage productions are few in number but growing. The first hip-hop stage shows were 1990s off Broadway musical So, what Happens Now. and 1995s Jam on the Groove which were co-authored, co-directed, and co-choreographed by Jorge Popmaster Fabel Pabon and Steffan Mr. Wiggles Clemente. Rock Steady Crew, Magnificent Force, and the Rhythm Technicians performed in both shows, aside from the pioneers in New York City was Lorenzo Rennie Harris Puremovement hip-hop theater company which Harris founded in 1992 in Philadelphia. The company has toured all over the world showcasing its original works such as March of the Antmen, P-Funk, Endangered Species, Facing Mekka, Other hip-hop theater companies were founded in the 1990s. Compagnie Käfig is a French hip-hop theater company of mostly Algerian descent founded in 1995 by Mourad Merzouki and their performances mix standard b-boying, locking, and popping with capoeira, mime, and gymnastics. They use the fusion in music by mixing rap music with classical music. While on tour in the U. S. they performed at Jacobs Pillow in Massachusetts, Bintou Dembélé, whom is recognized as one of the pioneer in French hip hop, performed at the Joyce Theater in New York with Mourad Merzoukis danse compagnie Käfig in 2002. In 2002, she created her own dance compagnie, which she describes as being inspired by Pina Bauschs notion of danced theater. In 2014, she created a show untitled Z. H which, by raising and exploring the issue of human zoos questions French racism. More broadly, Bintou Dembélés dance aims to unsettle her audience and interrogate its relation to the Other, to the different, to the other, to relativity and time. The Groovaloos are a hip-hop theater company based in Los Angeles that was founded by Bradley Shooz Rapier and they started out in 1999 as a dance crew and eventually developed a stage show called Groovaloo that is a series of stories based on the true life experiences of the dancers. Company members include Edmundo Poe One Loayza, Rynan Kid Rainen Paguio from JabbaWockeeZ, rUBBERBANDance Group was founded in 2002 in Montreal by Los Angeles native Victor Quijada
Hip-hop theater
–
French hip-hop
dance company Franck II Louise performing at
Breakin' Convention 2006.
23.
Old-school hip hop
–
Old-School Hip Hop describes the earliest commercially recorded hip hop music, and the music in the period preceding it from which it was directly descended. Old school hip hop is said to have ended around 1984 due to changes in both rapping technique and the music and rhythms. It is characterized by the simpler rapping techniques of the time, old-school hip hop is noted for its relatively simple rapping techniques compared to later hip-hop music. Artists such as Melle Mel would use few syllables per bar of music, with simple rhythms, much of the subject matter of old school hip hop centers around partying and having a good time. In the book How to Rap, Immortal Technique explains how party content played a big part in old school hip hop, hip-hop was born in an era of social turmoil, in the same way that slaves used to sing songs on a plantation. Thats the party songs that we used to have, as mentioned earlier, a notable exception is the song The Message, which was written, produced and mainly rapped by Duke Bootee. It was offered to Grandmaster Flash and he turned it down, citing that no one wanted to hear reality, Melle Mel however contacted Duke Bootee afterward and expressed that he did want to take part. Melle Mel rapped the verse he rapped in 1979s Super Rappin on the Message, once the song was completed it was released under the banner of Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five in order to give it some credibility. The song was a hit and introduced social commentary to hip hop, Duke Bootee solely produced and rapped The Message II with Melle Mel again in 1983. Battle rap was also a part of the old school hip hop aesthetic, while discussing battle rapping, Esoteric said, a lot of my stuff stems from old school hip-hop, braggadocio ethic. A famous old school hip hop battle occurred in December 1981 when Kool Moe Dee challenged Busy Bee Starski. Busy Bee Starskis defeat by the more complex raps of Kool Moe Dee meant that no longer was an MC just a crowd-pleasing comedian with a tongue, he was a commentator. KRS-One also credits this as creating a shift in rapping in the documentary Beef, sci-Fi/Afrofuturism was another theme introduced into hip hop. The release of Planet Rock in 1982 was a game changer, the combination of electronic percussive propulsion and Afrika Bambaataas rap sounded like an orchestra being rocketed into outer space. Light Years Away, by Warp 9, produced and written by Lotti Golden and Richard Scher, a cornerstone of early 80s beatbox afrofuturism, Light Years Away, is characterized as a brilliantly spare and sparse piece of electro hip-hop traversing inner and outer space. Freestyle rap during hip-hops old school era was defined differently than it is today, Kool Moe Dee refers to this earlier definition in his book, Theres a God on the Mic, There are two types of freestyle. Theres an old-school freestyle thats basically rhymes that youve written that may not have anything to do with any subject or that all over the place. Then theres freestyle where you come off the top of the head, in old school hip hop, Kool Moe Dee says that improvisational rapping was instead called coming off the top of the head
Old-school hip hop
–
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
Old-school hip hop
–
Warp 9 in
Sci-Fi Spacesuits (1983)
24.
New school hip hop
–
The new school of hip hop was a movement in hip hop music starting 1983–84 with the early records of Run–D. M. C. and LL Cool J. Like the hip hop preceding it, it came predominantly from New York City, the new school was initially characterized in form by drum machine led minimalism, often tinged with elements of rock. It was notable for taunts and boasts about rapping, and socio-political commentary, in image as in song its artists projected a tough, cool, street b-boy attitude. These elements contrasted sharply with the funk and disco influenced outfits, novelty hits, live bands, synthesizers and party rhymes of artists prevalent in 1984, New school artists made shorter songs that could more easily gain radio play, and more cohesive LPs than their old school counterparts. By 1986 their releases began to establish the hip hop album as a fixture of the mainstream, hip-hop production became denser, rhymes and beats faster, as the drum machine was augmented with the sampler technology. Rakim took lyrics about the art of rapping to new heights, while KRS-One, native Tongues artists inclusive, sample-crowded music accompanied their positivity, Afrocentricity and playful energy. I. G. Coming to dominate the East Coast scene, the phrase leader of the new school, coined in hip hop by Chuck D in 1988, and presumably given further currency by the group with the exact name Leaders of the New School, remains popular. It has been applied to artists ranging from Jay-Z to Lupe Fiasco, elements of new school had existed in some form in the popular culture since hip-hops birth. This part of the culture was initiated by Kool DJ Herc in 1972 using breaks from James Brown, The Incredible Bongo Band, browns music—extensive vamps in which his voice was a percussive instrument with frequent rhythmic grunts, and with rhythm-section patterns. West African polyrhythms—was a keynote of hip hops early days, by 1975, Grandmaster Flash and Afrika Bambaataa had taken up Kool Hercs breakbeat style of DJing, each with their own accompanying rappers. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band and Grand Funk Railroads Inside Looking Out on unsuspecting b-boys, the earliest hip-hop records replaced the DJ with a live band playing funk and disco influenced tunes, or interpolating the tunes themselves, as in Rappers Delight and King Tim III. It was the soft, futuristic funk closely tied to disco that ruled hip hops early days on record, often though the rawer elements present in live shows did not make it past the recording studio. Bambaataas first records, for instance, two versions of Zulu Nation Throwdown, were recorded with just drums and rhymes, when Bambaataa heard the released records, a complete live band had been added. Likewise on the bootleg Live Convention 82, Grand Wizard Theodore cuts the first six bars of Rufus Thomass Do the Funky Penguin together for five and a half minutes while an MC raps over the top. Grandmaster Flashs Superrappin had a pumping syncopated rhythm and The Furious Five emulating his spinbacks and needle drops and chanting that that Flash is on the beatbox going. The beatbox itself however, a machine which Flash had added to his turntable set-up some time earlier, was absent on the record. Kool Moe Dees verbal personal attacks on Busy Bee Starski live at Harlem World in 1982 caused a sensation in hip hop circles. In the same way, groups like the Cold Crush Brothers and The Force MCs were known for their routines, competitive attitude, tapes of battles like these circulated widely, even without them becoming viable recordings
New school hip hop
–
KRS-One exemplified new school's
hardcore and
political aesthetics as a part of
Boogie Down Productions.
New school hip hop
–
Street style: Run-D.M.C. on the cover of their debut LP, 1984
New school hip hop
–
The image Run-D.M.C. presented was in contrast to that of acts of the old school: Flash and the Furious Five, 1985
New school hip hop
–
It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back: cover shot by
Glen E. Friedman at the city jail on Thirty-second Street, New York
25.
Electro (music)
–
Electro is a genre of electronic music and early hip hop directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines, and funk. This is the distinction between electro and previously prominent genres such as disco, in which the electronic sound was only part of the instrumentation. It also palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie for being less vocal-oriented, following the decline of disco music in the United States, electro emerged as a fusion of funk and New York boogie. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak. By the mid 1980s, the genre moved away from its electronic and funk influences, using harder edged beats and rock samples, Electro became popular again in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke. A third wave of popularity occurred in 2007, Electro has branched out into subgenres, including Electrocore and Skweee, which developed in Sweden and Finland. From its inception, one of the characteristics of the electro sound was the use of drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. As the genre evolved, computers and sampling replaced drum machines in electronic music and it is important to note, that although the electro of the 1980s and contemporary electro both grew out of the dissolution of disco, they are now different genres. Classic electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats, with a kick drum. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats is that electro tends to be mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel. The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the uses of the term. The Roland TR-808 drum machine hit the market in 1980, defining early electro with its immediately recognizable sound, staccato, percussive drumbeats tended to dominate electro, almost exclusively provided by the TR-808. As an inexpensive way of producing a sound, the TR-808 caught on quickly with the producers of early electro because of the ability of its bass drum to generate extreme low-frequencies. This aspect of the Roland TR-808 was especially appealing to producers who would test drive their tracks in nightclubs and its unique percussion sounds like handclaps, open and closed high-hat, clave and cowbell became integral to the electro sound. A number of songs in the early 1980s employed the TR-808, including Marvin Gaye’s “Sexual Healing, ” Cybotron’s “Clear, ” and Afrika Bambaataa’s “Planet Rock. ”The Roland TR-808 has attained iconic status. Through the use of samples, the Roland TR-808 remains popular in electro, most electro is instrumental, but a common element is vocals processed through a vocoder. Additionally, speech synthesis may be used to create robotic or mechanical lyrical content, as in the iconic Planet Rock, although primarily instrumental, early electro utilized rap
Electro (music)
–
Warp 9 in
Sci-Fi Spacesuits (1983)
Electro (music)
–
Afrika Bambaataa (left) in 2004
Electro (music)
–
Juan Atkins performing as
Model 500 in 2007
26.
Christian hip hop
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Christian hip hop is hip hop music characterized by a Christian worldview, with the general purposes of evangelization, edifying some members of the church and/or simply entertaining. It emphasizes the use of positive and uplifting messages to promote faith, Christian hip hop, blending rhythmic music and faith-based lyrics, first emerged on record in 1982 with a track entitled Jesus Christ by Queens, New York artist McSweet. The first full-length, Christian hip hop album, Bible Break, other early Christian hip recording artists from the mid-1980s included P. I. D. who recorded to funky rock rhythms, as well as JC & the Boys and Michael Peace. The first notable full album released was Stephen Wileys Bible Break, written by Wiley, in the same year by David Guzman founded JC & The Boyz. Some of Americas premiere Christian rappers, such as, Michael Peace, SFC, Dynamic Twins, MC Peace, a more commercially successful crew known as P. I. D. Michael Peace is an American rapper and one of Christian raps first solo artists, in the late 1980s, other crews emerged, including dc Talk, E. T. W. and S. F. C. ETW was led by producer/artist Mike Hill who went on to one of the largest inner city youth groups in the country out of Tulsa Oklahoma. S. F. C. was led by Chris Cooper who originally rapped as Super C and later became Sup the Chemist, Christian emcee Danny D-Boy Rodriguez was another well-known early Gospel rap artist, but was murdered in 1990 in Texas. She would go on to release an album in 1991. The 1990s saw the trend of funky rap artists blending faith and rap, such as D. O. C. who emerged from Oklahoma as well as the Gospel Gangstaz from Compton. In 1991, JC Crew emerged featuring Maximillian and T-Bone, other Christian rap artists include Dynamic Twins, Freedom of Soul, IDOL King, Apocalypse, 12th Tribe, and Holy Alliance. 12th Tribe and Holy Alliance were produced by Scott Blackwell of MYX Records, S. F. C. s 1992 album Phase III was DJed and produced by DJ Dove, whose credits also include the Gang Affiliated, Gospel Gangstas 1993 debut album. Around the same time as Phase III, Dynamic Twins came out with their 1993 album No Room To Breathe, Freedom of Soul followed with their second album, The Second Coming, also their last album as a group. The label was among the first to market the Contemporary Christian music market through distribution at Christian bookstores and playing on Christian radio. This trend continued with other such as Tooth & Nails Uprok Records and others that gave an outlet to hip hop artists who identified themselves as Christian. Recently, a number of artists and labels such as Reach Records, Grace and Peace Records, Kirk Franklin joined with the 1 Nation Crew in the album Kirk Franklin Presents 1NC. In September 2009, the Higherground Record Pool and One Accord DJ Alliance held their first Gospel DJ Conference at the Crowne Plaza, Queens, the first known Gospel DJs were honored at the event. Kingdom Affiliates Record Pool also was represented at the conference, most recently Christian rap artists like Lecrae and his label-mates from Reach Records have been setting records with sales and award-winning albums
Christian hip hop
–
Christian rapper
Tedashii performing live in 2012 at an
Ichthus Music Festival
27.
Conscious hip hop
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Political hip hop is a subgenre of hip hop music that was developed in the 1980s as a way of turning rap music into a call for action and a form of social activism. Inspired by 1970s political preachers such as The Last Poets and musician Gil Scott-Heron and it has helped to create a new form of social expression for subordinate groups to speak about their exclusions, injustices and lack of power. Political hip hop is the use of hip hop music to send messages to inspire action or to convince the listener of a particular worldview. There is no all-encompassing political hip hop ideology, rather, there are perspectives that range anywhere from Libertarianism to the values of the Five Percent Nation. Conscious hip hop is not necessarily overtly political, but the two are used interchangeably. The term nation-conscious rap has been used to specifically describe hip hop music with strong political messages and themes. Themes of conscious hip hop include afrocentricity, religion, aversion to crime & violence, culture, songs expressing the theme of black pride include James Browns Say it Loud, and Billy Pauls Am I Black Enough for You. The ideals articulated by Gil Scott-Heron and other artists were not a reality, changes in predominant African-American musical genres were closely correlated with major transformations in the sociopolitical and economic environment for African Americans. One of the first socially conscious hip-hop songs was How We Gonna Make The Black Nation Rise. by Brother D with Collective Effort, furthermore, the complex sociopolitical issues before hip hop and during all of its stages severely influenced its birth and direction. Examples of conscious and political hip-hop music throughout the decades include Whodinis Growing Up, Kurtis Blow, early gangsta rap often showed significant overlap with political and conscious rap. Pioneers in the rap genre such as Ice-T, N. W. A. Ice-Ts work would focus on other topics, for example, he rapped about free speech on his third album. Ice Cubes first two albums were produced by the hip hop production team the Bomb Squad, known for their work with the rap group Public Enemy. Furthermore, Ice Cube produced and appeared on the controversial and radical political rap/gangsta rap album Guerillas in tha Mist by Da Lench Mob in the wake of the 1992 Los Angeles Riots, the artists who consistently produce conscious rap are largely underground. However, mainstream artists are increasingly including elements of conscious hip-hop in their songs, there are hundreds of artists whose music could be described as political or who identify as political rappers, see the List of Political hip hop artists page for a partial list. Hip Hops outreach to the world is widespread. From the onset of hip hop in the 80s throughout the 90s the culture was either ignored or criticized by politicians on both sides, there was one cultural idea that seemed to have bi-partisan support, that rap music was a symptom of the destruction of American values. This opinion, however, fails to recognize the oppression and injustices experienced by blacks and other minority groups which rap music
Conscious hip hop
–
Rakim performing in 1998
Conscious hip hop
–
Five-Percent emblem
28.
Crunk
–
Crunk is a subgenre of hip hop music that emerged in the early 1990s and gained mainstream success during the mid 2000s. Performers of crunk music are sometimes referred to as crunkmeisters, Crunk is often up-tempo and one of Southern hip hops more dance and club oriented subgenres. An archetypal crunk track frequently uses a main groove consisting of layered keyboard synths, a drum rhythm, heavy basslines. The term crunk is also used as a term to denote any style of Southern hip hop. The word derives from its African-American slang past-participle form, crunk, the genre is almost always excessively sexual, profane, and obscene. The term has been attributed mainly to African-American slang, in which it holds various meanings and it most commonly refers to the verb phrase to crank up. In publications, crunk can be traced back to 1972 in the Dr. Seuss book Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now and he uses the term Crunk-Car without any given definition. The term has also traced to usage in the 1980s coming out of Atlanta, Georgia nightclubs. In the mid-1990s, crunk was variously defined either as hype, phat, rolling Stone magazine published glossary of Dirty South slang, where to crunk was defined as to get excited. The term was in part popularized on Late Night with Conan OBrien in 1993, though it was spelled differently, krunk became a recurring theme on the show between Conan and various guests. Ice-T was one of the first guests to use the word on air, as it was joked that the word was not offensive sounding enough, outkast has been attributed as the first artist to use the term in mainstream music, in the 1993 track Players Ball. Artist Lil Jon was instrumental in bringing the term further into the mainstream with his 1997 album titled Get Crunk, Who U Wit, Da Album. He later released songs and albums using the term, and has been credited by other artists. Lil Jon further popularized the word with his 2004 album Crunk Juice and this use of crunk became synonymous with the meaning crazy drunk. Non-alcoholic drinks, to which alcohol could be added, were manufactured and marketed under the Crunk brand name, the term has continued to evolve, taking on a negative stigma with police, parents and the media. In 2011, the company which manufactured Crunk drink brought out a version named Crunk Juice. The mainstream media began publishing stories in which the term crunk was used to refer to crazy, musically, crunk borrows heavily from bass music and 1980s-era call-and-response hip hop. Heavy use of synthesized instruments and sparse, truncated 808 drums are staples of the crunk sound, looped, stripped-down drum machine rhythms are usually used
Crunk
–
Lil Jon is one of crunk's most prominent musicians.
29.
East Coast hip hop
–
East Coast hip hop is a regional subgenre of hip hop music that originated in the New York City area during the 1970s. In contrast to other styles, East Coast hip hop music has prioritized complex lyrics for attentive listening rather than beats for dancing, the main components of hip hop culture from that time and still today are MCing, DJing, break dancing, and graffiti. In contrast to the rhyme pattern and scheme utilized in old school hip hop. It has also characterized by multi-syllabic rhymes, complex wordplay. East Coast hip hop has a sound and style, it tends to gravitate to aggressive beats. The aggressive and hard-hitting beats of the form were emphasized by such acts as EPMD and Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions, Big Daddy Kane, Nas, Notorious B. I. G and Slick Rick were noted for their lyrical skill. East coast hip hop is occasionally referred to as New York rap due to its origins, according to AllMusic, At the dawn of the hip-hop era, all rap was East Coast rap. Early artists of the form, including DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa, the Sugarhill Gang, Kurtis Blow, Jam Master Jay, pioneered East Coast hip hop during hip hops development. New York-based groups such as De La Soul, A Tribe Called Quest, later in 1992, Dr. Dres G-Funk record The Chronic would introduce West Coast hip hop to the mainstream. Along with an ability to retain its primary function as party music. Although G-Funk was the most popular variety of hip hop during the early 1990s, during this period, several New York City rappers rising from the local underground scene, began releasing noteworthy albums in the early and mid nineties. Black Moons 1993 debut, Enta Da Stage, was one of the first major recordings to emerge from New Yorks hardcore hip hop scene. The album has been credited with helping spark trends that would come to characterize this period in East Coast hip hop. The Notorious B. I. G. became the figure in East Coast hip hop during most of the 1990s. His success on the charts and rise to the mainstream drew more attention to New York at the time of West Coast hip hops dominance. His commercial success helped pave the way for the success of other East Coast rappers such as Jay-Z, many hip hop aficionados look favorably upon this period as a time of creative growth and influential recordings, describing it as The East Coast Renaissance. Music writer May Blaize of MVRemix Urban comments on the nostalgia felt among hip hop fans for records released during this time, wu-Tang brought the ruckus with 36 Chambers. The world was ours when Nas released Illmatic, Big L, the MVP, came out with Lifestylez ov da Poor and Dangerous
East Coast hip hop
–
RZA, producer and member of the
Wu-Tang Clan
East Coast hip hop
–
Nas 's 1994 debut album
Illmatic was critically acclaimed
30.
Experimental hip hop
–
Experimental hip hop, also known as abstract hip hop, is a genre of hip hop that employs structural elements typically considered unconventional in traditional hip hop music. Some notable experimental hip hop record labels include Definitive Jux, Anticon, Big Dada, while most experimental hip hop incorporates turntablism and is produced electronically, some artists have introduced acoustic elements to the music to facilitate it being performed live. As a relatively young musical style, hip hop during this period was about new ideas, fueled by themes of Afrocentricity and political militancy, coupled with experimental music and sampling techniques, led to great of number of stylistic innovations. Experimental hip-hop production is highly eclectic, drawing influences from a vast array musical genres, along with elements of electronic music and dub, artists drew from other styles including rock, soul, reggae, classical, and jazz. In general, experimental hip-hop production builds and expands on the sounds of early 1990s hip hop artists such as Wu-Tang Clan, A Tribe Called Quest and De La Soul, one influential pioneer of experimental hip-hop production is J Dilla or Jay Dee. J Dillas approach included an innovative use of sampling as well as non-quantized drum rhythms, J Dilla also rejected the hip hop convention of Quantization—or the mathematical gridding of precise rhythms via electronic means. J Dilla was also a pioneer for eschewing quantization. and instead performed rhythms by hand on the pads of an Akai Music Production Center and this technique gives his music more of a non-mechanical natural groove or swing, as a human behind a real drum kit might play. Some producers influenced by J Dillas approach include Madlib, Flying Lotus, Karriem Riggins, while some experimental hip-hop follows the traditional use quantized rhythms, the vast majority of it does not. Other producers often cited as influences on experimental hip hop include DJ Premier, 9th Wonder, Hi-Tek, Pete Rock, Ali Shaheed Muhammad of A Tribe Called Quest, and RZA. Left-field hip hop is a union of rap and electronica in which the emphasis is placed more on the producer than the rapper or emcee, left-field hip hop typically employs complex computerized equipment as well as incorporating live vocals and samples. Notable left-field albums include Kid Cudis Man on the Moon, cloud rap is a subgenre of experimental hip hop distinguished by ethereal, dreamlike beats, and abstract, sometimes deliberately absurd lyrics. Cloud rap producers often use unconventional samples that draw from ambient, indie, psychedelic hip hop is characterized by complex sample-based beats, often obscure material, and witty, abstract lyrics filled with unconventional far-out references. Early examples of style are some of the more sample-heavy late 1980s hip hop releases such as De la Souls 3 Feet High And Rising. A Tribe Called Quest Ab-Soul Aesop Rock Atmosphere A$AP Rocky Beastie Boys Beautiful Eulogy Big L Blu & Exile Capital Steez Chance the Rapper Childish Gambino Clams Casino clipping
Experimental hip hop
–
J Dilla's Donuts Album Cover
Experimental hip hop
–
Rap duo, The Underachievers, performing
31.
Gangsta rap
–
Gangsta rap or gangster rap is a subgenre of hip hop music with themes and lyrics that generally emphasize the gangsta lifestyle. After the national attention that Ice-T and N. W. A attracted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop. Many gangsta rap artists openly boast of their associations with various street gangs as part of their artistic image, with the Bloods. Gangsta rap is closely related to other indigenous gang and crime-oriented forms of music, the subject matter inherent in gangsta rap has caused a great deal of controversy. The White House administrations of both George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton criticized the genre, many gangsta rappers argue that in the world of their genre exists the emotions and perspectives of a people whose suffering is too often overlooked and belittled by society. Gangsta rap, some argue, was an effect of the various wrongdoings perpetrated against African-Americans in underprivileged neighborhoods. The various riots sparked by the Rodney King beating and the acquittal of the officers responsible for the beating sparked anger. Gangsta rap acted as an outlet so such people could express themselves angrily and they often used gangsta rap to tell the stories of their lives, which sometimes included strong violence, hypersexuality, and drug abuse. The 1973 album Hustlers Convention by Lightnin Rod and Jaren Clark featured lyrics that deal with life, including pimping. Many rappers, such as Ice-T and Mac Dre, have credited pimp, rudy Ray Moores stand-up comedy and films based on his Dolemite hustler-pimp alter ego also influenced gangsta rap and are still a popular source for samples. Finally, blaxploitation films of the 1970s, with their depictions of black underworld figures, were a major inspiration as well. Tracy Ice-T Morrow, was born in Newark, New Jersey, as a teenager, he moved to Los Angeles where he rose to prominence in the West Coast hip hop scene. In 1986, Ice-T released 6 in the Mornin, which is regarded as among the first gangsta rap songs. In an interview with PROPS magazine, Ice-T said, Heres the exact order of what really went down. Then the syncopation of that rap was used by me when I made 6 in the Mornin, the vocal delivery was the same. P. S. K. is makin that green. six in the morning, police at my door. When I heard that record I was like Oh @#. *%, and call it a bite or what you will but I dug that record. My record didnt sound like P. S. K, but I liked the way he was flowing with it. P. S. K. was talking about Park Side Killers and that was the only difference, when Schoolly did it, it was. one by one, Im knockin em out
Gangsta rap
–
N.W.A's
Straight Outta Compton.
32.
Horrorcore
–
Horrorcore is a subgenre of hip hop music based on horror-themed and often darkly transgressive lyrical content and imagery. While exaggerated violence and the supernatural are common in horrorcore, the genre also frequently presents more realistic yet still disturbing portrayals of mental illness, the term horrorcore was popularized by openly horror-influenced hip hop groups such as Flatlinerz and Gravediggaz. The lyrics are inspired by horror movies over moody, hardcore beats. According to rapper Mars, If you take Stephen King or Wes Craven and you throw them on a rap beat, Horrorcore was described by Entertainment Weekly in 1995 as a blend of hardcore rap and bloodthirsty metal. The lyrical content of horrorcore is sometimes described as being similar to that of death metal, Horrorcore artists often feature dark imagery in their music videos and base musical elements of songs upon horror film scores. Following this were groups like Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, and songs like Dana Danes Nightmares, which spun more frightening, imaginative narratives. Since 1983, Ganxsta N. I. P. has performed horror-themed lyrics which he described as Psycho Rap, Ganxsta N. I. P. has written lyrics for other groups, including Geto Boys. While Kool Keith later claimed to have invented horrorcore, the first use of the term appeared on the group KMCs 1991 album Three Men With the Power of Ten and he said that the Geto Boys continued to pioneer the style with its second release, Grip It. On That Other Level, with such as Mind of a Lunatic. In 1994, according to Icons of Hip Hop, horrorcore gained prominence in 1994 with the release of Flatlinerz U. S. A. and Gravediggaz 6 Feet Deep. The genre is not popular with audiences as a whole, however, performers such as Insane Clown Posse. Also, horrorcore rapper Eminem sold millions of copies with his horrorcore albums The Slim Shady LP, the Slim Shady LP was certified 3x platinum in October 1999 and 4x platinum in November 2000. The Marshall Mathers LP sold 1,760,049 copies in its first week of being released and was certified diamond, Horrorcore has thrived in Internet culture and sustains an annual super show in Detroit called Wickedstock. Every Halloween since 2003, Horrorcore artists worldwide get together online, according to the January 2004 BBC documentary Underground USA, the subgenre has a massive following across the US and is spreading to Europe. Rolling Stone in 2007 referred to it as a trend that generated more shlock than shock. New York Magazine put horrorcore in the spotlight by listing off the ten most horrifying horrorcore rappers, spin asked Violent J of Insane Clown Posse to list off his favorite horrorcore songs. Songs included, The Dayton Familys Whats On My Mind, Bone Thugs-N-Harmonys Mr. Ouija, Necros Billie Jean 2005, and Michael Jacksons Thriller
Horrorcore
–
Scarface, of the group
Geto Boys, whose violent, horror-themed lyrics have been singled out as the first recorded example of horrorcore.
33.
Midwest hip hop
–
Midwest hip-hop is hip-hop music performed by artists from the Midwestern United States. In contrast with its East Coast, West Coast and Southern counterparts and its first dose of national popularity came in the mid-90s with the extremely fast-paced rappers known as Choppers, such as Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Twista, Tech N9ne, Atmosphere, and Eminem. Other notable midwest rappers and producers include, Brother Ali, Lupe Fiasco, Royce Da 59, J Dilla, Mac Lethal, Elzhi, Obie Trice, and up and comers Freddie Gibbs and Manny Phesto. It is because these lack of constants between acts from different cities that it can be difficult to define a typical Midwest sound. One characteristic of Midwest hip hop is that beat tempos can range from 90 to about 180, while East Coasts beat tempo is 90–120, West Coast is 100–120, slum Village emerged from the hip hop scene in Detroit in the mid-1990s. Their first album, Fantastic, Vol.1 came out in 1996, the producer was J Dilla, who also produced for notable hip-hop acts from around the country, including The Pharcyde, Common, and A Tribe Called Quest. He would later become one of the most sought-after producers in hip-hop, Blade Icewood gained respect as one of Detroits premier rappers, but was gunned down and murdered in 2005, after his first shooting which left him paralyzed from his chest down. He had a beef for some time with the Eastside Chedda Boyz, there was a dispute over the name Chedda Boyz because Blade Icewood claimed that name originated on the west side of the city. A popular place for rap battles in Detroit is the Hip Hop Shop, in the mid-1990s, Eminem gained notoriety in Detroit as a battle rapper, and released an album during the early stages of his underground career. Infinite was sold out of the trunk of his car and it struggled to sell or create a buzz despite his success in the battling scene. Angry but determined, Eminem developed his style and recorded The Slim Shady EP, released in 1997. When Em traveled to Los Angeles to compete in the 1997 Rap Olympics, he placed in 2nd, and his EP got into the hands of Dr. Dre, who immediately wanted to sign him. He signed to Dr. Dres Aftermath Entertainment, and in 1999 he released his debut album The Slim Shady LP. His second album, The Marshall Mathers LP, became the fastest selling hip hop album in history, MC Breed, from Flint, is most known for his songs Aint No Future in Yo Frontin and Gotta Get Mine featuring Tupac Shakur. He was on support for two days in September 2008 after he collapsed during a game of pick-up basketball due to kidney failure. It is unclear if prior health complications were the cause of his death later that year, another rapper from Flint, Jon Connor, is quickly climbing the rap ladder, has been featured in The Source, and has collaborated with many big names in the rap industry. Rapper Proof was also part of the Detroit-founded rap group D12, despite his success with D12, he also released two solo albums, Searching for Jerry Garcia and I Miss The Hip Hop Shop. On April 11,2006, he was shot to death in a gunfight at a Detroit nightclub
Midwest hip hop
–
Bizzy Bone of Bone Thugs & Harmony – live in concert
Midwest hip hop
–
Emcee N.I.C.E.
Midwest hip hop
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Midwest hip hop
34.
Nerdcore hip hop
–
Nerdcore is a genre of hip hop music characterized by themes and subject matter considered to be of general interest to nerds. Self-described nerdcore musician MC Frontalot has the earliest known recorded use of the term in the 2000 song Nerdcore Hiphop, Frontalot, like most nerdcore artists, self-publishes his work and has released much of it for free online. As a niche genre, nerdcore generally holds to the DIY ethic, Music with similar themes, but different musical styles can be found in the filk genres. There are hip hop artists who have recorded compositions which focus on similar topics, conversely, one does not need to concentrate on those topics to be nerdcore, most of the songs by Frontalot do not focus narrowly on stereotypically nerdy topics. The difference is one of self-identification, the group Blackalicious does not identify as nerds. Being more defined by lyrics, nerdcore has no unifying musical sound, one common theme, especially in the early days of the genre, is uncleared sampling. MC Frontalot addressed this directly in his 1999 song Good Old Clyde, sources for samples in nerdcore range from Vanilla Ice to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. YTCrackers Nerdrap Entertainment System is an album made up primarily of samples from 8-bit Nintendo games. Another notable artist, Random, created a dedicated to the Mega Man video games in 2007 titled MegaRan. Several DJs have provided beats and done remixes for multiple artists, most notably Baddd Spellah. Spellah also won a competition in 2004. The earliest known recorded use of the term hip hop was in 2000 by MC Frontalot. Nerdcore had clear influences from geek culture as well, including geek rockers like They Might Be Giants, parodists like Weird Al Yankovic, and others. Despite these influences, nerdcore has separated itself from other types of nerdy music thanks to an unofficial list of criteria that has evolved among fans, aside from making hip hop about geeky things, nerdcore is considered to be an opt-in genre. Only artists who consider themselves to be nerdcore should have the attached to their music. In the summer of 2004 the fledgling genre took a step forward when the popular web comic Penny Arcade held its first convention, The Penny Arcade Expo, in Bellevue. Though the expo was primarily devoted to video and table top gaming, geek-friendly musicians also performed including Penny Arcades official rapper MC Frontalot, the next year, two full concerts took place at the 2005 Penny Arcade Expo and included nerdy hip hop acts MC Frontalot and Optimus Rhyme. After the 2005 expo, all three acts would have the nerdcore label permanently affixed to them, thanks to the popularity of these acts, the nerdcore fan base began to form and in some cases those fans would go on to become nerdcore artists themselves
Nerdcore hip hop
–
MC Frontalot performing in April 2007.
Nerdcore hip hop
–
MC Router performing in June 2007.
Nerdcore hip hop
–
YTCracker performing in January 2013.
Nerdcore hip hop
–
Schäffer the Darklord performing in July 2008.
35.
Political hip hop
–
Political hip hop is a subgenre of hip hop music that was developed in the 1980s as a way of turning rap music into a call for action and a form of social activism. Inspired by 1970s political preachers such as The Last Poets and musician Gil Scott-Heron and it has helped to create a new form of social expression for subordinate groups to speak about their exclusions, injustices and lack of power. Political hip hop is the use of hip hop music to send messages to inspire action or to convince the listener of a particular worldview. There is no all-encompassing political hip hop ideology, rather, there are perspectives that range anywhere from Libertarianism to the values of the Five Percent Nation. Conscious hip hop is not necessarily overtly political, but the two are used interchangeably. The term nation-conscious rap has been used to specifically describe hip hop music with strong political messages and themes. Themes of conscious hip hop include afrocentricity, religion, aversion to crime & violence, culture, songs expressing the theme of black pride include James Browns Say it Loud, and Billy Pauls Am I Black Enough for You. The ideals articulated by Gil Scott-Heron and other artists were not a reality, changes in predominant African-American musical genres were closely correlated with major transformations in the sociopolitical and economic environment for African Americans. One of the first socially conscious hip-hop songs was How We Gonna Make The Black Nation Rise. by Brother D with Collective Effort, furthermore, the complex sociopolitical issues before hip hop and during all of its stages severely influenced its birth and direction. Examples of conscious and political hip-hop music throughout the decades include Whodinis Growing Up, Kurtis Blow, early gangsta rap often showed significant overlap with political and conscious rap. Pioneers in the rap genre such as Ice-T, N. W. A. Ice-Ts work would focus on other topics, for example, he rapped about free speech on his third album. Ice Cubes first two albums were produced by the hip hop production team the Bomb Squad, known for their work with the rap group Public Enemy. Furthermore, Ice Cube produced and appeared on the controversial and radical political rap/gangsta rap album Guerillas in tha Mist by Da Lench Mob in the wake of the 1992 Los Angeles Riots, the artists who consistently produce conscious rap are largely underground. However, mainstream artists are increasingly including elements of conscious hip-hop in their songs, there are hundreds of artists whose music could be described as political or who identify as political rappers, see the List of Political hip hop artists page for a partial list. Hip Hops outreach to the world is widespread. From the onset of hip hop in the 80s throughout the 90s the culture was either ignored or criticized by politicians on both sides, there was one cultural idea that seemed to have bi-partisan support, that rap music was a symptom of the destruction of American values. This opinion, however, fails to recognize the oppression and injustices experienced by blacks and other minority groups which rap music
Political hip hop
–
Rakim performing in 1998
Political hip hop
–
Five-Percent emblem
36.
Pop-rap
–
Pop-rap is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip hop music with pop musics preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes, which gained mainstream popularity during the 1990s. The lyrics are often lighthearted, with similar to those heard in pop music. The influences and roots of pop rap trace back to late 1980s hip hop artists, such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, many pop singers will often feature hip-hop artists now. In the 1980s, rap artists including Run DMC, Beastie Boys and LL Cool J set up the blueprints, LL Cool J has been described as the very first pop-rapper in history, when he rose to prominence on his 1985 debut album Radio. When he joined Russell Simmons Def Jam label and decided to try merging rap with pop and R&B influences, MTV has described LL Cool Js 1987 single I Need Love, as one of the first pop-rap crossover hits. Later, rap artists such as Tone Loc, Young MC, during the 1990s, pop rap began to expand even more as hip hop music also began to connect strongly with dance music and R&B. On 9 July 1990, Céline Dion released Unison as the single for her first English-language album of the same name. The track was produced by Andy Goldmark, for the single release, Unison was remixed by Kevin Unger. and make it funky. In the early 1990s, MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice broke into the mainstream with songs like U Cant Touch This, during the 1990s, smash-hit rappers such as MC Hammer caused pop-rap to be derided for its willingness to borrow from well-known hit singles. By the end of the 1990s as rappers fused gangsta rap themes with 1980s pop and soul elements, mariah Carey did a collaboration in 1995 with ODB with the remix version of Fantasy. During the early 2000s, pop-rap returned with a different style. It then went back into the mainstream with the success of The Black Eyed Peas who had smash singles such as Where Is the Love, which came off their Elephunk album.2 million in the United States alone. During the late 2000s, pop-rap had many such as Drake, Will. i. am, Nicki Minaj. For instance, Drakes Take Care album went at the top of the Top 40. Also, his So Far Gone EP peaked at six on the Billboard 200 chart with 73,000 units sold. It dropped in the second week down to nine, with sales of 36,000. Despite being an EP, it became the fifth-best-selling rap record of 2009, as of February 2012, the EP has sold 639,000 copies in the US. The EP was certified gold by the RIAA on July 4,2010 for sales exceeding 500,000, Drakes single Im Goin In charted and peaked at number 40 the week after the EP was sold
Pop-rap
–
MC Hammer performing with
Vanilla Ice in July 2009, who were both described as early pop-rap artists for blending rap music with catchy hooks.
Pop-rap
–
Rapper Drake performing in 2011 at the Bun-B Concert, who is known for his music which combines elements of
R&B,
rap and
pop.
37.
West Coast hip hop
–
West Coast hip hop is a hip hop music subgenre that encompasses any artists or music that originates in the West Coast region of the United States. The culture is believed to have been a mutual creation which evolved from interaction between people who identified with elements from their respective coasts. A number of laid the foundations for West Coast hip hop, long before the emergence of West Coast rappers such as DJ Flash & The Rappers Rapp Group, Eazy-E, Ice T. According to geniusrap. com, a cataclysmic event helped give rise to it out West, in 1967, Bud Schulberg founded a creative space entitled Watts Writers Workshop, intended to help the people of the Watts neighborhood and provide a place for them to express themselves freely. Out of this background the Watts Prophets formed, its members having moved to the West Coast from southern states such as Texas and Louisiana. The West Coast hip-hop scene started in earnest in 1978 with the founding of Unique Entertainment, a group influenced by Prince, East Coast hip hop, Kraftwerk, Parliament-Funkadelic and others. In 1984, Uncle Jamms Army released their first single, Dial-a-Freak, and in the same year Egyptian Lover released his On the Nile album, which includes the popular 12 single Egypt Egypt. Another early landmark occurred in 1981, when Duffy Hooks launched the first West Coast rap label, Rappers Rapp Records and its first act was the duo of Disco Daddy and Captain Rapp, whose debut single was Gigolo Rapp or Gigolo Groove. Later, in 1983, Captain Rapp would create the classic West Coast song Bad Times, in the mid-1980s, Mixmaster Spade defined an early form of gangsta rap with his Compton Posse. From this group, Spade mentored future rap stars of the West Coast, including Toddy Tee, in the same period, the Compton-based former locking dancer Alonzo Williams formed World Class Wreckin Cru, which included future N. W. A members Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. Williams also founded Kru-Cut Records and established a studio in the back of his nightclub Eves After Dark. During this period, one of the greatest factors in the spread of West Coast hip-hop was the radio station 1580 KDAY, in 1988, N. W. As landmark album Straight Outta Compton was released. As well as establishing a basis for the popularity of gangsta rap, in particular, the controversial Fuck tha Police and the ensuing censorship attracted substantial media coverage and public attention. Following the dissolution of N. W. A. due to in-fighting, the early 1990s was a period in which hip hop went from strength to strength. Tupac Shakurs debut album 2Pacalypse Now was released in 1991, demonstrating an awareness, with attacks on social injustice, poverty. Shakurs music and philosophy was rooted in various philosophies and approaches, including the Black Panther Party, Black nationalism, egalitarianism, and liberty. Also in 1991, Suge Knight founded Death Row Records using money he had extorted from the pop-rapper Vanilla Ice - the West Coast saw the debut of arguably its most influential and popular rapper. Other Death Row releases such as Snoop Doggy Doggs Doggystyle and 2Pacs All Eyez on Me became huge sellers and were critically acclaimed
West Coast hip hop
–
Dr. Dre, producer, solo artist and former member of
N.W.A
38.
Baltimore club
–
Baltimore club, also called Bmore club, Bmore house or simply Bmore is a breakbeat genre. Baltimore club is based on an 8/4 beat structure, and includes tempos around 130 beats per minute and it combines repetitive, looped vocal snippets similar to trap, bounce, ghetto house and ghettotech. The instrumental tracks include heavy breakbeats and call and response similar to those found in the go-go music of Washington. The breakbeats are pulled from samples, with the most prominent being Sing Sing by disco band Gaz, Baltimore club was born in the record stores of Baltimore first by Scottie B, Shawn Caesar and DJ Equalizer. They were then joined by DJ Patrick, Kenny B, DJ Class, Diamond K and they took some inspiration for their sets and production from British breakbeat hardcore records. The Blapps. Records label released several records between 1989 and 1992 that are considered classics in the Baltimore genre, as well as in the British rave scene. Dont Hold Back, Too Much Energy and Let the Freak were sampled and played heavily by DJs and producers, and would define the Baltimore club sound. In the early 1990s, Baltimore club music developed a following in the North Jersey club scene, particularly in the Jersey club genre of Newark. This spread stems from the distribution of mix tapes from traveling Baltimore DJs, there were also a number of Boston-area radio shows in the mid-nineties that played Baltimore club music. It has also spread south to Virginia club scene and even farther south in Alabama with DJ Seven formally known as DJ Taj developed Bamabounce and it has also started to spread to New York City. Recently the genre has gained popularity in Baltimores rock underground, due to Baltimore club nights at the Talking Head Club, Baltimore club was featured in Spin Magazine in January 2006. Rod Lee was described as the don of Baltimore Club by The Washington Post in 2005. Rod Lee, Putting B-More On The Map, janis, Stephen, Lee, Rod, Young, Omar Akbar
Baltimore club
–
Topics
39.
Ghettotech
–
Ghettotech is a genre of electronic music originating from Detroit. It combines elements of Chicagos ghetto house with electro, Detroit techno, Miami bass and it features four-on-the-floor rhythms and is usually faster than most other dance music genres, at roughly 145 to 160 BPM. As with ghetto house, vocals are often repititive and sometimes pornographic, as DJ Godfather puts it, the beats are really gritty, really raw, nothing polished. The general BPM of the musics mixing style increases over time, a Detroit ghettotech style of dancing is called the jit. This dance style relies heavily on fast footwork combinations, drops, the roots of jit date back to Detroit Jitterbugs in the 1970s. Chicagos equivalent dance style is Juke, where the focus is on footwork dating back to the late 1980s, ghettotech was an integral part of the Detroit Electronic Music Festival, an annual event. Ghettotech saw a decline around 2007 as some key artists distanced themselves from the genre, in recent years however the surge in popularity of Ghettotechs sister genre Chicago footwork, has helped to spawn a new listener base. Ghettotechs newest wave of producers often produce tracks at 160 BPM to better mixing with Chicago footwork. Key record labels, Twiilight 76, Databass, Electrofunk, Jefferson Ave, Motor City Electro Company, Philthtrax, ghettotech, The Bluffers Guide article at Stylus Magazine. Ghetto tech by Ethan Brown article
Ghettotech
–
A heavy hitter of the genre, DJ Assault (to the right) with a big player in Chicago's related
ghetto house scene,
DJ Funk, (to the left).
40.
Hip hop soul
–
Hip hop soul is a subgenre of contemporary R&B music, most popular during the early and mid 1990s, which fuses rhythm and blues/gospel singing with hip hop musical production. The subgenre had evolved from a previous R&B subgenre, new jack swing, by contrast, hip hop soul is, as described in The Encyclopedia of African American Music, quite literally soul singing over hip hop grooves. The genre was most popular during the mid 1990s with artists such as Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, Jodeci, TLC, R. Kelly, and Montell Jordan. By the late 1990s, hip hop soul would lead to the creation of neo soul, which retained the hip-hop and R&B/gospel influences while also adding elements of classic 1970s soul music. Hip hop soul evolved directly from new jack swing, a form of contemporary R&B popularized by artists and producers such as Teddy Riley and his group Guy, Keith Sweat, and Bobby Brown. New jack swing had incorporated elements of hip-hop music—primarily hip-hop-inspired drum tracks, hip hop soul took the hip-hop/R&B synthesis further by having R&B singers sing directly over the types of sample-heavy backing tracks typically found in contemporary hip-hop recordings. The creation and evolution of hip hop led to an increasingly symbiotic relationship between its parent genres. It also increased the popularity of music and culture with older audiences. However, the creation of hip hop soul has been argued by music journalists, the term hip hop soul is attributed to record producer and later rapper Sean Puffy Combs, who came up with the term during the promotion of Whats the 411. The 1992 debut album of Uptown Records artist Mary J. Blige, Blige was promoted by the company as the Queen of Hip-Hop Soul, and her debut album, primarily produced by Combs, was filled with mid-tempo R&B ballads sung over hip-hop beats and samples. A large number of acts, both solo performers and groups, followed or competed with Jodeci, among them R. Kelly,112. Toné. and Blackstreet, a group formed by Teddy Riley. Ill Be There For You/Youre All I Need to Get By won the 1996 Grammy Award for Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. The female vocal group TLC, made up of two singers and a rapper, had, like Jodeci, had their start in new jack swing with their debut album, Ooooooohhh. Their second album, Crazysexycool, to which Puffy Combs was a significant contributor, similar female acts of the time included SWV, Adina Howard, Faith Evans, and Total, the latter two acts signed to Puffy Combs own label, Bad Boy Entertainment. Examples of neo soul artists include Tony, dAngelo, Erykah Badu, and Lauryn Hill. Several newer artists continued to perform in the hip hop soul subgenre in its form from the 2000s forward, among them John Legend, Anthony Hamilton, K. Michelle
Hip hop soul
–
R&B singer
Mary J. Blige is known as the "
queen of hip hop soul " due to her frequent collaborations with rappers and hip hop producers.
41.
Hipster hop
–
Hipster hop, a portmanteau of hipster and hip hop, is a subgenre of alternative hip hop, more specifically, indie rock-informed hip-hop. It is also known as hipster rap, according to critic Matt Preira, writing in the Miami New Times, hipster-hop constitutes a discernable transition in rap music, one which incorporates elements of hipster culture. Preira claims that it is a brewing microgenre poised to take the mainstream by storm, according to Raymer, it works the leading edge of the interplay between rap music and dance music, while being defined by hipsteresque fashions and attitudes. In summary, hipster rap is characterized by a blurring of the lines between pure rap, hip-hop, R&B, pop, and rock. Critics have often associated it with Seattle, Washington groups such as Mad Rad, popular hipster hop artists include Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Tyler the Creator, Mikill Pane, Kid Sister, Kreayshawn, XV, Chiddy Bang, Azealia Banks, The Swank, Air Dubai
Hipster hop
–
Das Racist at Governors Ball 2011
42.
Industrial hip hop
–
Industrial hip hop is a fusion genre of industrial music with the rhythms or vocals of hip hop. The origins of hip hop are in the work of Mark Stewart, Bill Laswell. In 1985, former Pop Group singer Mark Stewart released As the Veneer of Democracy Starts to Fade, in the late 1980s, Laswells Material project began to take increasing influence from hip hop. Adrian Sherwood was a figure in British dub, as well as working with industrial groups such as Cabaret Voltaire, Einstürzende Neubauten, Ministry, KMFDM. Tackhead, a collaboration between Sherwood and the Sugar Hill band, picked up where Mark Stewart left off, the Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy, from San Francisco, and Meat Beat Manifesto, from the UK, are also early representatives of the style. Industrial hip hop groups tend to take a deal of influence from Public Enemys intensity, volume. The industrial group 23 Skidoo, Miles Daviss album On the Corner, industrial hip hop was carried forward by figures from a diverse number of scenes. Perhaps the most unlikely adopters were Justin Broadrick and Mick Harris, previously known for their invention of the style of extreme metal. After participating in the jazzcore group Pain Killer with Bill Laswell, Harriss Scorn project delved into dark ambient, subsequently, Broadrick began to work with Kevin Martin, previously of God. The later work of Broadricks Godflesh, as well as his collaborations with Martin, Ice, Techno Animal, the last of these was also a collaboration with Alec Empire, from Berlin, who also participated in the style in a number of his albums. The German label Mille Plateaux developed the sound throughout their series of Electric Ladyland compilations, Ice and Techno Animal also collaborated at times with El-P and other representatives of the Def Jux label. DJ Spookys illbient style is related to these developments in industrial hip hop. Industrial rock band Acumen Nation adopts hip hop influences, as does the side project DJ. A few other bands that combine hip hop elements in their music are Rabbit Junk, The Mad Capsule Markets, and The Shizit. Atari Teenage Riot have also known to incorporate hip hop elements in some of their songs. In the electro-industrial/industrial metal genre there is Steril, notable for combining hip hop beats, dj scratches, the Kompressor, often uses vocal distortion in the style of many Aggrotech artists. The industrial super group The Damage Manual is known to incorporate hip hop with their music, in beats. Corporate Avenger the rap metal band, often does industrial hip hop in their music
Industrial hip hop
–
Meat Beat Manifesto live in 2008
43.
Jazz rap
–
Jazz rap is a fusion subgenre of hip hop music and jazz, developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Musically, the rhythms have been typically those of hip hop rather than jazz, over which are placed repetitive phrases of jazz instrumentation, trumpet, double bass, lyrics are often based on political consciousness, Afrocentrism, and general positivism. A Tribe Called Quest, De La Soul, Dream Warriors, in the 1970s, The Last Poets, Gil Scott-Heron, and The Watts Prophets placed spoken word and rhymed poetry over jazzy backing tracks. There are also parallels between jazz and the improvised phrasings of freestyle rap, despite these disparate threads, jazz rap did not coalesce as a genre until the late 1980s. In 1985, jazz fusion band Cargo, led by Mike Carr, released the single Jazz Rap, appearing on the album Jazz Rap, Volume One. In 1988, Gang Starr released the debut single Words I Manifest, sampling Dizzy Gillespies 1952 Night in Tunisia, and Stetsasonic released Talkin All That Jazz, sampling Lonnie Liston Smith. Gang Starrs debut LP, No More Mr. Nice Guy, the Low End Theory has become one of hip hops most acclaimed albums, and also earned praise from jazz bassist Ron Carter, who played double bass on one track. De La Souls Buhloone Mindstate featured contributions from Maceo Parker, Fred Wesley, and Pee Wee Ellis, also of this period was Toronto-based Dream Warriors 1991 release And Now the Legacy Begins. It produced the hit singles My Definition of a Boombastic Jazz Style, the first of these was based on a loop taken from Quincy Jones Soul Bossa Nova, while the second sampled Count Basies 1967 rendition of Hang On Sloopy. Meanwhile, Los Angeles hip hop group Freestyle Fellowship pursued a different route of influence in recordings with unusual time signatures. Jazz musician Branford Marsalis collaborated with Gang Starrs DJ Premier on his Buckshot LeFonque project that same year. Digable Planets 1993 release Reachin was a hit jazz rap record sampling the likes of Don Cherry, Sonny Rollins, Art Blakey, Herbie Mann, Herbie Hancock, Grant Green and it spawned the hit single Rebirth of Slick. Also in 1993, Us3 released Hand on the Torch on Blue Note Records, All samples were from the Blue Note catalogue. The single Cantaloop was Blue Notes first gold record and this period was the high-water mark for jazz raps popularity among hip hop listeners, following which it came to be regarded for a time as a trend which was played out. Musical jazz references became less obvious and less sustained, and lyrical references to jazz certainly more rare. Since 2000 it can be detected in the work of such as J. Rawls, Nujabes, Fat Jon, Madlib, Kero One. A project somewhat similar to Buckshot Le Fonque was Brooklyn Funk Essentials, One hip hop project which continued to maintain a direct connection to jazz was Gurus Jazzmatazz series, which used live jazz musicians in the studio. Madlibs 2003 release Shades of Blue paid homage to his Blue Note Records roots, the album also contains interpretations of Blue Note classics performed by Yesterdays New Quintet
Jazz rap
–
The design of
Tribe Called Quest 's 1991 single emulates the famous
Blue Note style and logo.
44.
Neo soul
–
Neo soul is a genre of popular music. The term was coined by music industry entrepreneur Kedar Massenburg during the late 1990s to market and describe a style of music emerged from soul. It has been noted by writers for its traditional R&B influences, conscious-driven lyrics. Neo soul developed during the 1980s and early 1990s, in the United States and United Kingdom and it earned mainstream success during the 1990s, with the commercial and critical breakthroughs of several artists, including DAngelo, Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill, and Maxwell. Their music was marketed as an alternative to the producer-driven, digitally approached R&B of the time and its mainstream presence declined during the 2000s, although newer artists emerged through more independent means of marketing their music. According to music journalist Mark Anthony Neal, neo-soul and its various incarnations has helped to redefine the boundaries, the success of DAngelos 1995 debut album Brown Sugar has been regarded by several writers and music critics as inspiration behind the terms origin. In a 2002 interview for Billboard, Massenburg said that genre classifications are often unpopular because they may be suggestive of a short-lived trend. However, although he said neo soul is still essentially soul music, neo-soul artists tried to look both backward and forward, acting in the belief that a continuum might exist. Despite some ambivalence from artists, the term received widespread use by music critics and writers who wrote about artists, African American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal has described neo soul as everything from avant-garde R&B to organic soul. A product of trying to something outside of the norm in R&B. They also infuse jazz, funk, and African musical elements into R&B, noting that most of the genres artists are singer-songwriters, writers have viewed their lyrical content as more conscious-driven and having a broader range than most other R&B artists. AllMusic calls it roughly analogous to contemporary R&B, dimitri Ehrlich of Vibe said that they emphasize a mix of elegant, jazz-tinged R&B and subdued hip hop, with a highly idiosyncratic, deeply personal approach to love and politics. Music writers have noted that neo soul artists are predominantly female, jason Anderson of CBC News called neo soul a sinuous, sly yet unabashedly earnest alternative and kind of haven for listeners turned off by the hedonism of mainstream hip-hop and club jams. Neo soul artists are associated with alternative lifestyles and fashions, including organic food, incense. In a 1998 article on neo soul, Time journalist Christopher John Farley wrote that such as Hill, DAngelo. Neo soul artists during the 1990s were heavily inspired by the sound and mellow instrumentation of Gil Scott-Herons. All About Jazz cited Jackson as one of the architects of the sound. Neo soul originated in the 1980s and early 1990s, with the work of acts such as Prince
Neo soul
–
Although she disputes the term, Erykah Badu has been dubbed "the first lady of neo soul" and "the queen of neo-soul".
Neo soul
–
Raheem DeVaughn performs socially conscious and love-themed songs, and has been compared to
Donny Hathaway and
Marvin Gaye.
45.
Nu metal
–
Nu metal is a form of alternative metal that combines elements of heavy metal music with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge. Nu metal bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, Nu metal rarely features guitar solos, the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs. Many nu metal guitarists use seven-string guitars that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound, DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds. Vocal styles in nu metal include singing, rapping, screaming and growling, Nu metal is one of the key genres of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Nu metal became popular in the late 1990s with bands and artists such as Korn, Limp Bizkit, Slipknot, many heavy metal fans have criticized nu metal, and do not regard it as true heavy metal. Many nu metal musicians have rejected the nu metal label and also have rejected being labeled as heavy metal, Nu metal is also known as nü-metal and aggro-metal. It is a subgenre of alternative metal, MTV states that the early nu metal group Korn arrived in 1993 into the burgeoning alternative metal scene, which would morph into nü-metal the way college rock became alternative rock. Stereogum has similarly claimed that nu metal was a outgrowth of the Lollapalooza-era alt-metal scene. Nu metal merges elements of metal music with elements of other music genres such as grunge, hip hop, funk. Nu metal bands also are influenced by and use elements of genres of metal music such as death metal, rap metal, groove metal, funk metal, alternative metal. Some nu metal bands such as Static-X and Dope made nu metal music elements of industrial metal. Nu metal music is heavily syncopated and is based mostly on guitar riffs, mid-song bridges and a general lack of guitar solos contrasts it with other genres of heavy metal. N its efforts to tune down and simplify riffs, nu-metal effectively drove a stake through the heart of the guitar solo. Another contrast with other metal genres is nu metals emphasis on rhythm, rather than on complexity or mood. The wah pedal is occasionally featured in nu metal music, Nu metal guitar riffs occasionally are similar to death metal guitar riffs. Nu metal bassists and drummers are often influenced by funk and hip hop, respectively, blast beats, which are common in heavy metal subgenres such as black metal and death metal, are extremely rare in nu metal. sound a Mack truck being crushed by a collapsing skyscraper. Some nu metal bands use seven-string guitars that are generally down-tuned, likewise, some bass guitarists use five-string and six-string instruments. Bass guitar-playing in nu metal often features an emphasis on elements such as slap bass, a percussive style of playing in which the thumb slaps the low strings
Nu metal
–
The nu metal band Slipknot, who are known for their use of costumes and masks, performing in
Buenos Aires in 2005.
Nu metal
–
Korn's
bassist Reginald Arvizu showing nu metal fashion with baggy cargo pants, a baggy shirt and dreadlocks.
Nu metal
–
Korn helped break nu metal into the mainstream.
Nu metal
–
Limp Bizkit in 2009
46.
Pop rap
–
Pop-rap is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip hop music with pop musics preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes, which gained mainstream popularity during the 1990s. The lyrics are often lighthearted, with similar to those heard in pop music. The influences and roots of pop rap trace back to late 1980s hip hop artists, such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, many pop singers will often feature hip-hop artists now. In the 1980s, rap artists including Run DMC, Beastie Boys and LL Cool J set up the blueprints, LL Cool J has been described as the very first pop-rapper in history, when he rose to prominence on his 1985 debut album Radio. When he joined Russell Simmons Def Jam label and decided to try merging rap with pop and R&B influences, MTV has described LL Cool Js 1987 single I Need Love, as one of the first pop-rap crossover hits. Later, rap artists such as Tone Loc, Young MC, during the 1990s, pop rap began to expand even more as hip hop music also began to connect strongly with dance music and R&B. On 9 July 1990, Céline Dion released Unison as the single for her first English-language album of the same name. The track was produced by Andy Goldmark, for the single release, Unison was remixed by Kevin Unger. and make it funky. In the early 1990s, MC Hammer and Vanilla Ice broke into the mainstream with songs like U Cant Touch This, during the 1990s, smash-hit rappers such as MC Hammer caused pop-rap to be derided for its willingness to borrow from well-known hit singles. By the end of the 1990s as rappers fused gangsta rap themes with 1980s pop and soul elements, mariah Carey did a collaboration in 1995 with ODB with the remix version of Fantasy. During the early 2000s, pop-rap returned with a different style. It then went back into the mainstream with the success of The Black Eyed Peas who had smash singles such as Where Is the Love, which came off their Elephunk album.2 million in the United States alone. During the late 2000s, pop-rap had many such as Drake, Will. i. am, Nicki Minaj. For instance, Drakes Take Care album went at the top of the Top 40. Also, his So Far Gone EP peaked at six on the Billboard 200 chart with 73,000 units sold. It dropped in the second week down to nine, with sales of 36,000. Despite being an EP, it became the fifth-best-selling rap record of 2009, as of February 2012, the EP has sold 639,000 copies in the US. The EP was certified gold by the RIAA on July 4,2010 for sales exceeding 500,000, Drakes single Im Goin In charted and peaked at number 40 the week after the EP was sold
Pop rap
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MC Hammer performing with
Vanilla Ice in July 2009, who were both described as early pop-rap artists for blending rap music with catchy hooks.
Pop rap
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Rapper Drake performing in 2011 at the Bun-B Concert, who is known for his music which combines elements of
R&B,
rap and
pop.
47.
Psychedelic hip hop
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Experimental hip hop, also known as abstract hip hop, is a genre of hip hop that employs structural elements typically considered unconventional in traditional hip hop music. Some notable experimental hip hop record labels include Definitive Jux, Anticon, Big Dada, while most experimental hip hop incorporates turntablism and is produced electronically, some artists have introduced acoustic elements to the music to facilitate it being performed live. As a relatively young musical style, hip hop during this period was about new ideas, fueled by themes of Afrocentricity and political militancy, coupled with experimental music and sampling techniques, led to great of number of stylistic innovations. Experimental hip-hop production is highly eclectic, drawing influences from a vast array musical genres, along with elements of electronic music and dub, artists drew from other styles including rock, soul, reggae, classical, and jazz. In general, experimental hip-hop production builds and expands on the sounds of early 1990s hip hop artists such as Wu-Tang Clan, A Tribe Called Quest and De La Soul, one influential pioneer of experimental hip-hop production is J Dilla or Jay Dee. J Dillas approach included an innovative use of sampling as well as non-quantized drum rhythms, J Dilla also rejected the hip hop convention of Quantization—or the mathematical gridding of precise rhythms via electronic means. J Dilla was also a pioneer for eschewing quantization. and instead performed rhythms by hand on the pads of an Akai Music Production Center and this technique gives his music more of a non-mechanical natural groove or swing, as a human behind a real drum kit might play. Some producers influenced by J Dillas approach include Madlib, Flying Lotus, Karriem Riggins, while some experimental hip-hop follows the traditional use quantized rhythms, the vast majority of it does not. Other producers often cited as influences on experimental hip hop include DJ Premier, 9th Wonder, Hi-Tek, Pete Rock, Ali Shaheed Muhammad of A Tribe Called Quest, and RZA. Left-field hip hop is a union of rap and electronica in which the emphasis is placed more on the producer than the rapper or emcee, left-field hip hop typically employs complex computerized equipment as well as incorporating live vocals and samples. Notable left-field albums include Kid Cudis Man on the Moon, cloud rap is a subgenre of experimental hip hop distinguished by ethereal, dreamlike beats, and abstract, sometimes deliberately absurd lyrics. Cloud rap producers often use unconventional samples that draw from ambient, indie, psychedelic hip hop is characterized by complex sample-based beats, often obscure material, and witty, abstract lyrics filled with unconventional far-out references. Early examples of style are some of the more sample-heavy late 1980s hip hop releases such as De la Souls 3 Feet High And Rising. A Tribe Called Quest Ab-Soul Aesop Rock Atmosphere A$AP Rocky Beastie Boys Beautiful Eulogy Big L Blu & Exile Capital Steez Chance the Rapper Childish Gambino Clams Casino clipping
Psychedelic hip hop
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J Dilla's Donuts Album Cover
Psychedelic hip hop
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Rap duo, The Underachievers, performing
48.
Rap rock
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Rap rock is a music genre that fuses vocal and instrumental elements of hip hop with various forms of rock. Rap rocks most popular subgenres include rap metal and rapcore, which include heavy metal and hardcore punk-oriented influences, one of the earliest examples would be The Magnificent Seven by The Clash, which fused new wave, hip hop, and funk. AllMusic describes rap metal as having big, lurching beats and heavy, heavy riffs that occasionally, Allmusic also states that the rhythms of rap rock are rooted in that of hip hop, with more funk influences than normal hard rock. Hed PE, which punk rock with hip hop, sometimes incorporates reggae. According to Rolling Stone writer Rob Kemp, Incubus 1997 album S. C. I. E. N. C. E, links funk metal to the rap metal. Kottonmouth Kings perform a style which they refer to as psychedelic hip-hop punk rock. Kid Rock incorporates country and Southern rock influences, and is backed by a 10 piece band, while Everlast fuses blues and rock with hip hop, performing with a live band that includes a DJ. An example of rap rock is the album Collision Course, its a collaboration between the rapper Jay Z and the band Linkin Park, the lyrical themes of rap rock vary. Although many nu metal bands incorporate hip hop beats, rap rock bands are always fronted by rappers, Rock bands generally not associated with rap rock have experimented with hip hop influences, including rapping. Such bands have included Blondie, Rush, Beck and Cake, many rappers have been noted for a prominent use of samples derived from rock songs, including Eminem, Ice-T, The Fat Boys, LL Cool J, Public Enemy, Whodini, Vanilla Ice, and Esham. In 1983, KISS released the song All Hells Breakin Loose on the album Lick It Up with singer Paul Stanley rapping the verses, collaborated with Aerosmith on a remake of the latters earlier song, Walk This Way, first released in 1975. Red Hot Chili Peppers vocalist Anthony Kiedis employed rapping on the bands 1984 self-titled debut album as well as subsequent releases, in a 2002 interview with Penthouse, Kiedis stated We were early in creating the combination of hardcore funk with hip-hop-style vocals. We became, maybe, an inspiration to Limp Bizkit, Kid Rock, beastie Boys, formerly a hardcore punk group, began working in the hip hop genre, their 1986 debut album, Licensed to Ill, largely featured a rock-based sound. The three aforementioned artists all collaborated with producer Rick Rubin, who is credited with creating the rap rock genre. In 1989, Tone-Lōcs Wild Thing off of his debut album, Public Enemys track, She Watch Channel Zero. Features Chuck D rapping over a riff from the Slayer song Angel of Death, rap rock began to enter the mainstream arena in the 1990s. American rock bands such as 311, 24-7 Spyz, Faith No More and Rage Against the Machine fused rock, simultaneously, British bands like Pop Will Eat Itself and Senser were similarly shaping the genre across Europe. The soundtrack for the 1993 film Judgment Night featured 11 collaborations between hip hop and rock musicians, urban Dance Squad mixed funk, heavy metal, hip hop and punk
Rap rock
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New York -based hip hop group
Beastie Boys are considered highly influential within the rap rock genre.
49.
Trip hop
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Trip hop is a musical genre that originated in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom, especially Bristol. Trip hop can be highly experimental and it was pioneered by acts like Massive Attack, Tricky, and Portishead. Trip hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has described as Europes alternative choice in the second half of the 90s. DJs, MCs, b-boys and graffiti artists grouped together into informal soundsystems, Bristols soundsystem DJs, drawing heavily on Jamaican dub music, typically used a laid-back, slow and heavy drum beat. Bristols Wild Bunch crew became one of the soundsystems to put a spin on the international phenomenon, helping to birth Bristols signature sound of trip hop. As the hip hop scene matured in Bristol and musical trends evolved further toward acid jazz and house in the late 1980s, another influence came from Gary Clails Tackhead soundsystem. Clail often worked with former The Pop Group singer Mark Stewart, produced by Adrian Sherwood, the music combined hiphop with experimental rock and dub and sounded like a premature version of what later became trip hop. In 1993, Kirsty MacColl released Angel, one of the first examples of the crossing over to pop. In the 1990s, Janet Jackson brought trip hop into the American charts with the song If, several songs on her Janet. and The Velvet Rope used this genre of music, Songs like Got Til Its Gone and You. Massive Attacks first album Blue Lines was released in 1991 to huge success in the UK, Massive Attack released their second album entitled Protection in 1994. The term trip hop was coined that year, but not in reference to anything on the Massive Attack albums, in 1993, Icelandic musician Björk released Debut, produced by Wild Bunch member Nellee Hooper. The album, although rooted in four-on-the-floor house music, contained elements of trip hop and is credited as one of the first albums to introduce electronic music into mainstream pop. She had been in contact with Londons underground electronic music scene and was involved with trip hop musician Tricky. Björk embraced trip hop even more with her 1995 album Post by collaborating with Tricky, homogenic, her 1997 album, has been described as a pinnacle of trip hop music. 1994 and 1995 saw trip hop near the peak of its popularity, with such as Howie B, Naked Funk. The period also marked the debut of two acts who, along with Massive Attack, would define the Bristol scene for years to come, in 1994 Portishead, a trio comprising singer Beth Gibbons, Geoff Barrow, and Adrian Utley, released their debut album Dummy. Their background differed from Massive Attack in many ways, one of Portisheads primary influences was 1960s and 1970s film soundtrack LPs, nevertheless, Portishead shared the scratchy, jazz-sample-based aesthetic of early Massive Attack, and the sullen, fragile vocals of Gibbons also brought them wide acclaim. In 1995, Dummy was awarded the Mercury Music Prize as the best British album of the year, Tricky also released his debut solo album Maxinquaye in 1995, to great critical acclaim
Trip hop
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Massive Attack, a British trip hop group that helped bring the genre to mainstream success in the 1990s
Trip hop
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Tricky, a major trip hop artist
Trip hop
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Björk, an artist who has often incorporated trip hop in her music
