1.
Documentary film
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A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
2.
Charles Manson
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Charles Milles Manson, 136–7 is an American criminal and former cult leader who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s. Mansons followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations over a period of five weeks in the middle of 1969. In 1971 he was guilty of conspiracy to commit the murders of seven people – most notably of the actress Sharon Tate – all of which were carried out by members of the group at his instruction. He is currently serving nine concurrent life sentences at Corcoran State Prison in Corcoran, Manson believed in what he called Helter Skelter, a term he took from the Beatles song of the same name. Manson believed Helter Skelter to be an impending race war. He believed the murders would help precipitate that war, from the beginning of his notoriety, a pop culture arose around him in which he ultimately became an emblem of insanity, violence and the macabre. At the time the Family began to form, Manson was a former convict. Before the murders, he was a singer-songwriter on the fringe of the Los Angeles music industry, chiefly through an association with Dennis Wilson, drummer. After Manson was charged with the crimes of which he was convicted, recordings of songs written. Various musicians have covered some of his songs, born to an unmarried 16-year-old named Kathleen Maddox, in the General Hospital, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Manson was first named no name Maddox. Within weeks, he was called Charles Milles Maddox. 136–7 For a period after his birth and his biological father appears to have been Colonel Walker Scott against whom Kathleen Maddox filed a paternity suit that resulted in an agreed judgment in 1937. In the biography Manson in His Own Words, Colonel Scott is said to have been a young drugstore cowboy, a transient laborer working on a nearby dam project. It is not clear what nearby means, the description is in a paragraph that indicates Kathleen Maddox gave birth to Manson while living in Cincinnati, after she had run away from her own home, in Ashland, Kentucky. There is much about Mansons early life that is in dispute because of the stories he has offered to interviewers. Mansons mother was allegedly a heavy drinker. 136–7 According to Manson, she sold her son for a pitcher of beer to a childless waitress. In 1947, Kathleen Maddox tried to have her son placed in a foster home, the court placed Manson in the Gibault School for Boys in Terre Haute, Indiana. He escaped after one day, but was recaptured and placed in Boys Town, four days after his arrival there, he escaped with another boy. The pair committed two armed robberies on their way to the home of the boys uncle
3.
Lynette Fromme
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Lynette Alice Squeaky Fromme is an American would-be assassin best known for attempting to assassinate U. S. President Gerald Ford in 1975. A member of the infamous Manson family, she was sentenced to imprisonment for the assassination attempt and released on parole on August 14,2009. Fromme was born in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Helen, a homemaker, and William Millar Fromme, Fromme was in the 1959 tour. In 1963, the moved to Redondo Beach, California. Her grades at Redondo Union High School dropped, but she managed to graduate in 1966 and she moved out of her parents house for a few months before her father convinced her to consider El Camino Junior College. Her attendance there lasted only two months before an argument with her father rendered her homeless. In 1967, Fromme went to Venice Beach, suffering from depression, charles Manson, who had been recently released from federal prison at Terminal Island, between San Pedro and Long Beach, saw her and struck up a conversation. Fromme found Mansons philosophies and attitudes appealing, and the two friends, traveling together and with other young people including Mary Brunner and Susan Atkins. She lived in Southern California at Spahn Ranch, and in the desert near Death Valley, george Spahn gave her the nickname Squeaky, because of the sound she made when he touched her. After Manson and some of his followers were arrested for the Tate/La Bianca murders in 1969, Fromme, when Manson and his fellow defendants, Patricia Krenwinkel, Leslie Van Houten, and Atkins carved Xs into their foreheads, so did Fromme and her compatriots. They proclaimed Mansons innocence and preached his apocalyptic philosophy to the news media and she was given short jail sentences for both offenses. Fromme, with Sandra Good, moved into an attic apartment in downtown Sacramento, California, they wanted to be near Manson. Around 1973, Fromme started work on an extensive 600-page book about The Family, including drawings and photos. Fromme sent it to every publisher she knew, but after discussing the matter with Clem Grogan, she decided the project was too incriminating and it is not known what ultimately happened to the book. This group happened to meet up with a couple, James and Lauren Willett, after the body of James Willett was found, with his hand still sticking out of the ground, the housemates were taken into custody on suspicion of murder. After their arrest, the body of Lauren Willett was discovered too, an infant girl believed to be the Willetts daughter was also found in the house in Stockton, and placed in Mary Graham Hall, a shelter for children in French Camp, California. Fromme was released for lack of evidence, the Sonoma County coroners office concluded that James Willett was killed sometime in September 1972 although his body was not found until the beginning of November 1972. He had been buried near Guerneville, Sonoma County, on the night of Saturday November 11,1972, the Stockton Police responded to information that a station wagon owned by the Willetts was in the area
4.
Sandra Good
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Sandra Collins Good is a long-time member of the Manson Family and a close friend of Lynette Squeaky Fromme. Goods Manson Family nickname is Blue, which was given to her by Charles Manson to represent clean air and she was born in San Diego, California, the daughter of a stockbroker. Her parents divorced when she was four years old, Good attended Point Loma High School and was a member of the Student Opinion Club. Good attended California State University Sacramento, the University of Oregon and San Francisco State College off and on for seven years, but never received a degree. Good joined the Manson Family in April 1968 and a few months later went with them when they moved to a new home at Spahn Ranch, in the mountains west of Chatsworth. She was in jail with Mary Brunner for attempting to use credit cards when the Tate/La Bianca murders took place. She has a son named Ivan S. Pugh, various men have been named as the father, most notably Joel Pugh, who was found dead in a London hotel room under suspicious circumstances. Good accused the executives of polluting the environment, on September 10,1975, in a subsequent interview with Barbara Frum of the CBC radio program As It Happens Good made similar threats against persons to avenge the killing of trees. Found guilty on March 16,1976, Good was sentenced on April 13, Good was paroled in early December 1985, after having served 10 years. Unlike many of the Family members, Good still professed total allegiance to Manson, a stipulation of her parole was that she could not return to California. She moved to Vermont, where she lived quietly under the name Sandra Collins until 1989, after her time on parole ended, Good moved to Hanford, California, near Corcoran State Prison, to be closer to Manson, although she was not allowed to visit him. On January 26,1996, she and George Stimson began a website on which they claimed to have a real source of Manson thought. She also supported Mansons environmental movement, ATWA, the website went offline in 2001, but is archived here. Good has since left Hanford, and she and Stimson have ceased to make statements in support of Manson. However, in 2014, Stimson published a book, Goodbye Helter Skelter, CBC Archives, A1975 interview with Sandra Good
5.
Spahn Ranch
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Spahn Ranch, also known as the Spahn Movie Ranch, was a 500-acre movie ranch in Los Angeles County, California, used for filming generally Western-themed movies and television programs. With mountainous terrain, boulder-strewn scenery, and an old Western town set, no longer in use, the entrance to the historic ranch was at 12000 Santa Susana Pass Road of the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains above Chatsworth, California. The ranch took its name from dairy farmer George Spahn, who purchased the property in 1948, silent film actor William S. Hart owned the ranch prior to Spahn. Many western-themed movies and television shows were filmed on the ranch, including Duel in the Sun and television episodes of Bonanza, The Lone Ranger and it was also the filming location for the B-movie The Creeping Terror. Spahn was 80 years old and living at the ranch when he allowed The Manson Family to move in, rent-free, the family did daily chores and helped run the horse rental business, which had become Spahns main source of income. In late 1969, Robert Hendrickson began filming the Manson Family at the ranch for his documentary film Manson, there he filmed Spahn, Lynette Squeaky Fromme, Bruce Davis, Nancy Pitman, Catherine Gypsy Share, Sandra Good, Paul Watkins and others. It is the place where the family lived while committing the 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders in Los Angeles, the family also stayed at Barker Ranch, which is located in the Panamint Range between Death Valley and the Panamint Valley in the northern Mojave Desert. A wildfire destroyed all of the Spahn Movie Ranchs film sets, George Spahn died on September 22,1974, and is buried in Eternal Valley Memorial Park in nearby Newhall, California. The Spahn Movie Ranch site is now part of Californias Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park, many hiking trails give access to the natural beauty and the panoramic views of the San Fernando Valley. com, Santa Susana Pass Park website Spahn Ranch History
6.
Death Valley
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Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California. It is one of the hottest places in the world at the height of summertime along with deserts in Africa, Death Valleys Badwater Basin is the point of the lowest elevation in North America, at 282 feet below sea level. This point is 84.6 miles east-southeast of Mount Whitney, Death Valleys Furnace Creek holds the record for the highest reliably recorded air temperature in the world,134 °F on July 10,1913. This has been contested by other weather experts and it is located mostly in Inyo County, California. It has an area of about 3,000 sq mi, the highest point in Death Valley itself is Telescope Peak in the Panamint Range, which has an elevation of 11,043 feet. Death Valley is one of the best geological examples of a basin and it lies at the southern end of a geological trough known as Walker Lane, which runs north into Oregon. The valley is bisected by a right lateral slip fault system, represented by the Death Valley Fault. The eastern end of the left lateral Garlock Fault intersects the Death Valley Fault, Furnace Creek and the Amargosa River flow through the valley but eventually disappear into the sands of the valley floor. Death Valley also contains salt pans, according to current geological consensus, at various times during the middle of the Pleistocene era, inland lakes formed in Death Valley. Lake Manly received water overflowing from a chain of other Pleistocene lakes, Death Valley has a subtropical, hot desert climate, with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm or mild winters, as well as little rainfall. As a general rule, lower altitudes tend to have higher temperatures, when the sun heats the ground, that heat is then radiated upward, but the dense below-sea-level air absorbs some of this radiation and radiates some of it back towards the ground. In addition, the valley walls trap rising hot air and recycle it back down to the valley floor. This process is important in Death Valley, as it provides its specific climate. The valley is surrounded by mountains, while its surface is flat and devoid of plants, so much of the suns heat can reach the ground, absorbed by soil. When air at ground level is heated, it begins to rise, moving up past steep, high mountain ranges, which then cools slightly, sinking back down towards the valley more compressed. This air is reheated by the sun to a higher temperature, moving up the mountain again, whereby the air moves up and down in a circular motion in cycles. This heated air increases ground temperature markedly, forming the hot wind currents that are trapped by atmospheric pressure and mountains, Death Valley holds temperature records because it has an unusually high number of factors that lead to high atmospheric temperatures. The depth and shape of Death Valley influence its summer temperatures, the valley is a long, narrow basin 282 feet below sea level, yet is walled by high, steep mountain ranges
