1.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
2.
Jay Presson Allen
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Jay Presson Allen was an American screenwriter, playwright, stage director, television producer and novelist. Known for her wit and sometimes-off-color wisecracks, she was one of the few women making a living as a screenwriter at a time when women were a rarity in the profession. You write to please yourself, she said, The only office where theres no superior is the office of the scribe. Allen was born Jacqueline Presson in San Angelo, Texas, the child of May, a buyer, and Albert Jeffrey Presson. She was never fond of her given name, and decided to use her first initial when writing. She would spend every Saturday and Sunday in the movie house, from that time on movies became very important to her, and Allen knew she wouldnt be staying in West Texas. Allen attended Miss Hockadays School for Young Ladies in Dallas for a couple of years and she skipped college and at 18 left home to become an actress. In the early 1940s, Allen married the first grown man who asked me Robert M. Davis a promising young singer and they lived in Claremont and it never occurred to her to get into the movie business as she had always considered it to be exotic. She always claimed her first husbands big fault was marrying someone too young and her novel, Spring Riot, was published in 1948 and got mixed reviews. Her next effort was a play, which she sent to producer Bob Whitehead, because he had produced Member of the Wedding, she thought he would like it since her play was also about a child, but the play came back from Whiteheads office rejected. Allen sat on it for a couple of months and sent it back and she was correct, and this time Whitehead read the play himself and instantly optioned it. The reader who had rejected her play was Lewis M. Allen whom she would later marry. Allen returned to New York and performed on radio and in cabaret, in the meantime she started writing again, little by little, and sold some of her work to live television programs like The Philco Television Playhouse. When she married Lewis M. Allen in 1955, they moved to the countryside and she had a baby, and spent two and a half absolutely wonderful years in the country. Eventually the couple back to the city to work. By then, Bob Whitehead had become a friend and encouraged Allen to write another play. She drew on her life and wrote The First Wife. It would later be made into the film Wives and Lovers in 1963, starring Janet Leigh, when Allen read The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, by Muriel Spark, she instantly saw play potential where no-one else did
3.
Marnie
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Marnie is an English novel first published in 1961 which was written by Winston Graham. Marnie is about a woman who makes a living by embezzling from her employers, moving on. She is finally caught in the act by one of her employers, a widower named Mark Rutland. Two shocking events near the end of the story send the troubled woman to the brink of suicide and it was the basis for Alfred Hitchcocks suspense film Marnie, where the setting was changed from England to the United States. Details of the story were changed as well as the ending which was changed to an optimistic one. The book was adapted into a play by Sean OConnor in 2001. Soon after that, her young son started stealing things
4.
Tippi Hedren
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Nathalie Kay Tippi Hedren is an American actress, animal rights activist and former fashion model. She received world recognition for her work in two of his films, the suspense-thriller The Birds in 1963, for which she won a Golden Globe, and the psychological drama Marnie in 1964. Her strong commitment to animal rescue began in 1969 while she was shooting two films in Africa and was introduced to the plight of African lions, in an attempt to raise awareness for wildlife, she spent nearly eleven years bringing Roar to the screen. Hedren has also traveled worldwide to set up relief programs following earthquakes, hurricanes, famine and she was instrumental in the development of Vietnamese-American nail salons in the United States. Hedren was born on January 19,1930, in New Ulm, Minnesota, to Bernard Carl, for much of her career, Hedrens year of birth was reported as 1935. In 2004, however, she acknowledged that she was born in 1930. Her paternal grandparents were Swedish immigrants, while her maternal ancestry is German and Norwegian and her father ran a small general store in the town of Lafayette, Minnesota, and gave her the nickname Tippi. When she was four, she moved with her parents to Minneapolis, as a teenager, Hedren took part in department store fashion shows. Her parents relocated to California while she was a school student. On reaching her 20th birthday, she bought a ticket to New York City where she joined the Eileen Ford Agency, within the year she made her unofficial film debut as an uncredited extra in the musical comedy The Petty Girl. In interviews she refers to The Birds, her first credited role, although she received several film offers during that time, Hedren had no interest in acting as she knew it was very difficult to succeed. She had a successful modeling career during the 1950s and early 1960s, appearing on the covers of Life, The Saturday Evening Post, McCalls. In 1961, after seven years of marriage to the actor Peter Griffith, Hedren divorced and returned to California with her daughter, Melanie Griffith, I thought I could continue my career as it had been in New York. I thought everything would be just fine, and it wasn’t, so I thought, well, I don’t type, what shall I do. On October 13,1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock who, while he was watching The Today Show, saw her in a commercial for a drink called Sego. During their first meeting, the two talked about everything except the role he was considering her for, Hedren was convinced for several weeks it was for his television series, Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Hitchcock later said, I was not primarily concerned with how she looked in person, Most important was her appearance on the screen, and I liked that immediately
5.
Sean Connery
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Sir Thomas Sean Connery is a retired Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes. He was knighted by Elizabeth II in July 2000 after receiving Kennedy Center Honors in the US in 1999, Connery was the first actor to portray the character James Bond in film, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983. In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Untouchables, Connery has been polled as The Greatest Living Scot and Scotlands Greatest Living National Treasure. In 1989, he was proclaimed Sexiest Man Alive by People magazine, Thomas Sean Connery, named Thomas after his grandfather, was born in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland on 25 August 1930. His mother, Euphemia McBain Effie, was a cleaning woman and his paternal grandfathers parents emigrated to Scotland from Ireland in the mid-19th century. The remainder of his family was of Scottish descent, and his maternal great-grandparents were native Scottish Gaelic speakers from Fife and his father was a Roman Catholic, and his mother was a Protestant. He has a brother, Neil. He was generally referred to in his youth as Tommy, although he was small in primary school, he grew rapidly around the age of 12, reaching his full adult height of 6 ft 2 in at 18. He was known during his teen years as Big Tam, and has stated that he lost his virginity to a woman in an ATS uniform at the age of 14. Connerys first job was as a milkman in Edinburgh with St. Cuthberts Co-operative Society, one tattoo is a tribute to his parents and reads Mum and Dad, and the other is self-explanatory, Scotland Forever. Connery was later discharged from the navy on medical grounds because of a duodenal ulcer, Scotland, Archie Brennan, a coffin polisher. The modelling earned him 15 shillings an hour, student artist Richard Demarco who painted several notable early pictures of Connery described him as very straight, slightly shy, too, too beautiful for words, a virtual Adonis. Connery began bodybuilding at the age of 18, and from 1951 trained heavily with Ellington, Connery was a keen footballer, having played for Bonnyrigg Rose in his younger days. He was offered a trial with East Fife, while on tour with South Pacific, Connery played in a football match against a local team that Matt Busby, manager of Manchester United, happened to be scouting. According to reports, Busby was impressed with his physical prowess, Connery admits that he was tempted to accept, but he recalls, I realised that a top-class footballer could be over the hill by the age of 30, and I was already 23. I decided to become an actor and it turned out to be one of my more intelligent moves, looking to pick up some extra money, Connery helped out backstage at the Kings Theatre in late 1951. He became interested in the proceedings, and a career was launched, the production returned the following year out of popular demand, and Connery was promoted to the featured role of Lieutenant Buzz Adams, which Larry Hagman had portrayed in the West End. While in Edinburgh, Connery was targeted by the notorious Valdor gang, there Connery launched an attack single-handedly against the gang members, grabbing one by the throat and another by a biceps and cracked their heads together
6.
Diane Baker
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Diane Carol Baker is an American actress and producer who has appeared in motion pictures and on television since 1959. Baker was born and raised in Hollywood, California and she is the daughter of Dorothy Helen Harrington, who had appeared in several early Marx Brothers movies, and Clyde L. Baker. Baker has two sisters, Patti and Sheri. At the age of 18, Baker moved to New York to study acting with Charles Conrad and ballet with Nina Fonaroff. After securing a contract with 20th Century Fox, Baker made her debut when she was chosen by director George Stevens to play Margot Frank in the 1959 motion picture The Diary of Anne Frank. In the same year, she starred in Journey to the Center of the Earth with James Mason and in The Best of Everything with Hope Lange and Joan Crawford. Other Fox films in which Baker appeared include the assassination thriller Nine Hours to Rama, Hemingways Adventures of a Young Man and The 300 Spartans. Her television work in the late 1950s and 1960s includes appearances on Follow the Sun, Bus Stop, Adventures in Paradise, The Lloyd Bridges Show, The Nurses, The Invaders, from 1963 to 1966, Baker had a recurring role on the medical drama Dr. Kildare. In 1964, she co-starred with Joan Crawford in both Strait-Jacket, the William Castle-directed thriller about an axe murderess, and a television pilot Royal Bay. Alfred Hitchcock cast her in his film Marnie as Lil Mainwaring and she co-starred with Gregory Peck and Walter Matthau in the thriller Mirage, directed by Edward Dmytryk, and in Krakatoa, East of Java with Maximilian Schell. In the TV movie Western The Dangerous Days of Kiowa Jones, in 1968, she co-starred with Dean Jones in the Disney film The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit. In January 1970, she had the lead guest-starring female role as Princess Francesca in the only mission of Mission. In 1973, Baker co-starred in ABC sitcom Here We Go Again, the series was canceled after one season. In 1976, she played the daughter of the title character of the Columbo episode Last Salute to the Commodore. She reemerged on the big screen in The Silence of the Lambs as Senator Ruth Martin, Baker also appeared in the films The Joy Luck Club, The Cable Guy, The Net and A Mighty Wind. She guest starred in four episodes of House in 2005,2008 and twice in 2012 as Blythe House, since August 2004, Baker has been the director of the Motion Pictures and Television major at Academy of Art University in San Francisco. Official website Diane Baker at the Internet Movie Database Diane Baker at AllMovie
7.
George Tomasini
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George Tomasini was an American film editor, born in Springfield, Massachusetts who had a decade long collaboration with director Alfred Hitchcock, editing nine of his movies between 1954-1964. Tomasini edited many of Hitchcocks best-known works, such as Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest, Psycho, and The Birds, as well as other well-received films such as Cape Fear. On a 2012 listing of the 75 best edited films of all time, compiled by the Motion Picture Editors Guild based on a survey of its members, no other editor appeared more than three times on this listing. The listed films were Psycho, Vertigo, Rear Window, George Tomasini was known for his innovative film editing which, together with Hitchcocks stunning techniques, redefined cinematic language. Tomasinis cutting was always stylish and experimental, all the while pursuing the focus of the story, Hitchcock and Tomasinis editing of Rear Window has been treated at length in Valerie Orpens monograph, Film Editing, The Art of the Expressive. His dialogue overlapping and use of cuts for exclamation points was dynamic. George Tomasinis techniques would influence many subsequent film editors and filmmakers, George Tomasini was nominated for the Academy Award for Film Editing for North by Northwest, but Ben-Hurs editors won the award that year. Marnie 7 Faces of Dr. Lao In Harms Way List of film director and editor collaborations Igel, Rachel, ill Let The Film Pile Up For You, An Interview With Mary Tomasini. Archived from the original on 2013-04-16 and this interview with Tomasinis wife appears to be unique as a source of biographical information about Tomasini. Bobbie OSteen provides an analysis of an important scene from Rear Window. George Tomasini at Find a Grave George Tomasini at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
9.
Cinematographer
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The study and practice of this field is referred to as cinematography. The cinematographer selects the camera, film stock, lens, filters, in the infancy of motion pictures, the cinematographer was usually also the director and the person physically handling the camera. As the art form and technology evolved, a separation between director and camera operator began to emerge, with the advent of artificial lighting and faster film stocks, in addition to technological advancements in optics, the technical aspects of cinematography necessitated a specialist in that area. Cinematography was key during the silent movie era, with no sound apart from music and no dialogue, the films depended on lighting, acting. Similar trade associations have been established in other countries too, there are a number of national associations of cinematographers which represent members and which are dedicated to the advancement of cinematography. S. C. Defines cinematography as, A creative and interpretive process that culminates in the authorship of a work of art rather than the simple recording of a physical event. Cinematography is not a subcategory of photography
10.
Film editing
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Film editing is a creative and technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking. The term is derived from the process of working with film. The film editor works with the raw footage, selecting shots, Film editing is often referred to as the invisible art because when it is well-practiced, the viewer can become so engaged that he or she is not aware of the editors work. On its most fundamental level, film editing is the art, technique, the job of an editor is not simply to mechanically put pieces of a film together, cut off film slates, or edit dialogue scenes. Editors usually play a role in the making of a film. Sometimes, auteurist film directors edit their own films, for example, Akira Kurosawa, Bahram Beyzai, with the advent of digital editing, film editors and their assistants have become responsible for many areas of filmmaking that used to be the responsibility of others. For instance, in past years, picture editors dealt only with just that—picture, sound, music, and visual effects editors dealt with the practicalities of other aspects of the editing process, usually under the direction of the picture editor and director. However, digital systems have increasingly put these responsibilities on the picture editor and it is common, especially on lower budget films, for the editor to cut in music, mock up visual effects, and add sound effects or other sound replacements. These temporary elements are replaced with more refined final elements by the sound, music. Early films were films that were one long, static. Motion in the shot was all that was necessary to amuse an audience, there was no story and no editing. Each film ran as long as there was film in the camera, in the first shot, an elderly couple is outside an art exhibition having lunch and then follow other people inside through the door. The second shot shows what they do inside, one of the first films to use this technique, Georges Mélièss The Four Troublesome Heads from 1898, was produced with Pauls camera. There is then a cut to close shot of the hands on the girls foot shown inside a circular mask. Even more remarkable was James Williamsons Attack on a China Mission Station, an armed party of British sailors arrived and defeat the Boxers and rescue the missionarys family. The film used the first reverse angle cut in film history, James Williamson concentrated on making films taking action from one place shown in one shot to the next shown in another shot in films like Stop Thief. and Fire. Made in 1901, and many others and he also experimented with the close-up, and made perhaps the most extreme one of all in The Big Swallow, when his character approaches the camera and appears to swallow it. These two filmmakers of the Brighton School also pioneered the editing of the film, they tinted their work with color, by 1900, their films were extended scenes of up to 5 minutes long
11.
Baltimore
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Baltimore is the largest city in the U. S. state of Maryland, and the 29th-most populous city in the country. It was established by the Constitution of Maryland and is not part of any county, thus, it is the largest independent city in the United States, with a population of 621,849 as of 2015. As of 2010, the population of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area was 2.7 million, founded in 1729, Baltimore is the second largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. Baltimores Inner Harbor was once the leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States. With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods, in the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, later the American national anthem, in Baltimore. More than 65,000 properties, or roughly one in three buildings in the city, are listed on the National Register, more than any city in the nation. The city has 289 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the historical records of the government of Baltimore are located at the Baltimore City Archives. The city is named after Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, of the Irish House of Lords, Baltimore Manor was the name of the estate in County Longford on which the Calvert family lived in Ireland. Baltimore is an anglicization of the Irish name Baile an Tí Mhóir, in 1608, Captain John Smith traveled 210 miles from Jamestown to the uppermost Chesapeake Bay, leading the first European expedition to the Patapsco River. The name Patapsco is derived from pota-psk-ut, which translates to backwater or tide covered with froth in Algonquian dialect, a quarter century after John Smiths voyage, English colonists began to settle in Maryland. The area constituting the modern City of Baltimore and its area was first settled by David Jones in 1661. He claimed the area today as Harbor East on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream. In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity was populated, if at all. The Baltimore area had been inhabited by Native Americans since at least the 10th millennium BC, one Paleo-Indian site and several Archaic period and Woodland period archaeological sites have been identified in Baltimore, including four from the Late Woodland period. During the Late Woodland period, the culture that is called the Potomac Creek complex resided in the area from Baltimore to the Rappahannock River in Virginia. It was located on the Bush River on land that in 1773 became part of Harford County, in 1674, the General Assembly passed An Act for erecting a Court-house and Prison in each County within this Province. The site of the house and jail for Baltimore County was evidently Old Baltimore near the Bush River. In 1683, the General Assembly passed An Act for Advancement of Trade to establish towns, ports, one of the towns established by the act in Baltimore County was on Bush River, on Town Land, near the Court-House
12.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
13.
Fox hunting
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In Australia, the term also refers to the hunting of foxes with firearms, similar to deer hunting or spotlighting. In much of the world, hunting in general is understood to relate to any animals or weapons, in Britain and Ireland, hunting without qualification implies fox hunting. Proponents of fox hunting view it as an important part of rural culture, the use of scenthounds to track prey dates back to Assyrian, Babylonian, and ancient Egyptian times, and was known as venery. Many Greek- and Roman- influenced countries have traditions of hunting with hounds. Hunting with Agassaei hounds was popular in Celtic Britain, even before the Romans arrived, introducing the Castorian, norman hunting traditions were brought to Britain when William the Conqueror arrived, along with the Gascon and Talbot hounds. The first use of specifically trained to hunt foxes was in the late 1600s, with the oldest fox hunt being, probably. By the end of the century, deer hunting was in decline. The Inclosure Acts brought fences to separate formerly open land into smaller fields, deer forests were being cut down. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, people began to move out of the country and into towns, roads, railway lines, and canals all split hunting countries, but at the same time they made hunting accessible to more people. Shotguns were improved during the century and the shooting of gamebirds became more popular. Fox hunting developed further in the century when Hugo Meynell developed breeds of hound. In Germany, hunting with hounds was first banned on the initiative of Hermann Göring on July 3,1934, in 1939, the ban was extended to cover Austria after Germanys annexation of the country. Also around this time, numbers of European red foxes were introduced into the Eastern seaboard of North America for hunting, the first organised hunt for the benefit of a group was started by Thomas, sixth Lord Fairfax in 1747. In the United States, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both kept packs of fox hounds before and after the American Revolutionary War, in Australia, the European red fox was introduced solely for the purpose of fox hunting in 1855. Native animal populations have been badly affected, with the extinction of at least 10 species attributed to the spread of foxes. Fox hunting with hounds is mainly practised in the east of Australia, in the state of Victoria there are thirteen hunts, with more than 1000 members between them. Fox hunting with hounds results in around 650 foxes being killed annually in Victoria, however, exemptions stated in Schedule 1 of the 2004 Act permit some previously unusual forms of hunting wild mammals with dogs to continue, such as hunting. For the purpose of enabling a bird of prey to hunt the wild mammal, scotland, which has its own Parliament, restricted fox hunting in 2002, more than two years before the ban in England and Wales
14.
Bruce Dern
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Bruce MacLeish Dern is an American actor, often playing supporting villainous characters of unstable nature. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Coming Home and he also won the 1983 Silver Bear for Best Actor for That Championship Season, and the 2013 Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor for Nebraska. His other film appearances include The Cowboys, Black Sunday, Monster, Dern was born in Chicago, the son of Jean and John Dern, a utility chief and attorney. He grew up in Kenilworth, Illinois and his paternal grandfather, George, was a former Utah governor and Secretary of War. Derns godfather was former Illinois governor and two-time presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II and his ancestry includes Dutch, English, German and Scottish. He attended The Choate School and the University of Pennsylvania and he starred in the Philadelphia premiere of Waiting for Godot. Dern made an uncredited role in Wild River, as Jack Roper who is so upset with his friend for hitting a woman that he punches himself, in 1964, he played the sailor in a few flashbacks with Marnies mother for Alfred Hitchcocks Marnie. Dern played a murderous rustler in Clint Eastwoods Hang Em High and he also played Asa Watts, a serial killer of Wil Andersen in The Cowboys. John Wayne warned Dern, America will hate you for this, and Dern replied, Yeah, but theyll love me in Berkeley. In 1983, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival for That Championship Season. In 2013, Dern won the Best Actor award at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival for Alexander Paynes Nebraska, and was nominated for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Actor
15.
Bob Sweeney (actor and director)
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Bob Sweeney was an actor, director and producer of radio, television and film. Bob Sweeney was a graduate of Balboa High School and San Francisco State College and he began his career on radio as an announcer and then comedian. From 1944 through 1948 he teamed with comedy partner Hal March in the successful Sweeney, Sweeney made appearances on The Rifleman also in Our Miss Brooks during its last two seasons of production working alongside Eve Arden, Gale Gordon and Richard Crenna. From 1956-1957 Sweeney starred in the TV sitcom The Brothers with co-star Gale Gordon, in 1959, he landed the lead role on the short-lived NBC television series Fibber McGee and Molly opposite Cathy Lewis. Unlike the wildly popular radio version of the show that featured Jim Jordan and Marian Jordan in the title roles and that same year, Sweeney directed the 18-week NBC sitcom Love and Marriage set in Tin Pan Alley of New York City. His co-stars were William Demarest, Stubby Kaye, Jeanne Bal, Bob Sweeney also appeared as Cousin Bob in Alfred Hitchcocks Marnie. He also directed Gene Evanss unsuccessful 1976 CBS adventure series, Spencers Pilots, although Bob Sweeney never won an Emmy Award he was nominated on three occasions, twice for Hawaii Five-O and once for The Love Boat. He and his wife Bev had one child, a daughter, Sweeney died of cancer in Westlake Village, California on June 7,1992
16.
Alan Napier
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Alan William Napier-Clavering, better known as Alan Napier, was an English actor. After a decade in West End theatres, he had a film career, first, in Britain and, then. Napier is best known today for portraying Alfred Pennyworth the butler in the 1960s live-action Batman television series and he was educated at Packwood Haugh School and after graduating from Clifton College, he studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He was engaged by the Oxford Players, where he worked with the likes of John Gielgud, ironically, as Napier recalled, height played a crucial part in his securing the position and also almost losing it. Fagan had dismissed Tyrone Guthrie because he was too tall for most parts, Napier was interviewed as Guthries replacement while sitting down. Fagan realized that Napier was even taller than Guthrie when he stood up, Napier performed for ten years on the West End stage. He made his American stage debut as the lead opposite Gladys George in Lady in Waiting. Though his film career had begun in Britain in the 1930s, there he spent time with such people as James Whale, a fellow ex-Oxford Player. He appeared in films as Random Harvest, Cat People. In The Song of Bernadette, he played the ethically questionable psychiatrist who is hired to declare Bernadette mentally ill and he also played the vicious Earl of Warwick in Joan of Arc. In 1949, he made an appearance on the television anthology series Your Show Time as Sherlock Holmes. In the 1950s, he appeared on TV in four episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, in 1965, he was the first to be cast in the Batman TV series, as Bruce Waynes faithful butler Alfred, a role he played until the series cancellation in 1968. I had never read comics before and my agent rang up and said, I think you are going to play on Batman, I said What is Batman. He said, Dont you read the comics and he said, I think you are going to be Batmans butler. I said, How do I know I want to be Batmans butler and it was the most ridiculous thing I had ever heard of. He said, It may be worth over $100,000, so I said I was Batmans butler. Napiers career extended into the 1980s, with TV roles in such miniseries as QB VII, The Bastard and Centennial and he finally retired in 1981, at the age of 78. In early 1988, Napier appeared on FOX Late Show talk show in a Batman reunion show, though in a wheelchair and visibly tired, Napier was lucid, with fond memories of his work on the show
17.
Mariette Hartley
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Mary Loretta Mariette Hartley is an American character actress. Hartley was born in New York City, the daughter of Mary Ickes Polly, a manager and saleswoman, and Paul Hembree Hartley and her maternal grandfather was John B. Watson, an American psychologist who established the school of behaviorism. Her brother, Paul Hartley, is a writer, and a research philosopher and he has spent fifty years researching the hero, and the human living in harmony with Nature. In 1960, Hartley married John Seventa but they divorced two years later, a second marriage to Patrick Boyriven on August 13,1978 produced two children, Sean and Justine. Hartley and Boyriven divorced in 1996 and Hartley married Jerry Sroka in 2005, Hartley is a 1965 graduate of Carnegie Mellon University. She has also spoken in public about her experience with bipolar disorder and was a founder of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, in 2009, Hartley spoke at a suicide and violence prevention forum about her fathers suicide. Hartley began her career as an eight year old in the White Barn Theater in Westport, in her teens as a stage actress, she was coached and mentored by Eva Le Gallienne. Her film career began with Ride the High Country, a western with actors Randolph Scott and Joel McCrea, in 1962, she appeared in an episode of CBSs Gunsmoke as a mountain girl. In 1963 she starred in the role in Drums of Africa with Frankie Avalon, Lloyd Bochner and Torin Thatcher. She was cast in an episode of the Jack Lord adventure/drama series about the rodeo circuit, Hartley had a supporting role as Susan Clabon in Alfred Hitchcocks Marnie in 1964. In the 1963–1964 television season, she appeared in an episode of ABC’s drama about life, Channing. In 1963, she was cast as the character Hagar in The Day of the Misfits of the ABC western series, The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, the boy was wrapped in the shawl when he went missing. In 1966, Hartley appeared as Polly Dockery in the finale, A Burying for Rosey. She also made three guest appearances on NBCs Bonanza, one in 1965, another one in 1968, and she worked with Rod Serling and Gene Roddenberry, two creators of television science fiction. In 1963, she appeared in an episode of The Twilight Zone and she played the character Ellie in episode 118 of Gunsmoke. She appeared in two episodes of the NBC series Daniel Boone, Valley of the Sun in 1968 and as a nun in An Angel Cried in 1970, in 1969, she appeared in the penultimate episode of NBCs Star Trek, All Our Yesterdays, as Zarabeth. She appeared in science fiction films, Marooned, Earth II
18.
Meg Wyllie
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Margaret Gillespie Meg Wyllie was an American actress who appeared primarily on television. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, she grew up in the Philippines and she attended the Brent School in Baguio for grammar school and high school then and moved to New York City in the 1940s. Wyllie acted with the Pasadena Playhouse, in Visit to a Small Planet, Two on an Island and she had previously appeared in Dear Brutus and Morning Glory there. She was in The Glass Menageries original production, on Broadway, she played in The First Gentleman. Wyllie appeared on nearly every popular TV series of the late 1950s, in 1960, Wyllie appeared as a grandmother in the Bullets and Ballet episode of Tightrope. and in the Night of the Meek episode of The Twilight Zone. Between 1962-1966 Wyllie made four guest appearances on Perry Mason and her most substantial role of these was as Ninevah Stone in the episode, The Case of the Nebulous Nephew. She also played Marguerite Keith the owner of a home in the path of a road in the 1964 episode The Case of the Ruinous Road. In the 1963-1964 season, Wyllie had a role as Mrs. Kissel in 18 episodes of ABCs family western series, The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters. Mark Allen played Matt Kissel, her husband, in nineteen episodes, in nine episodes, four of The Osmonds were cast as the singing sons of the Kissel family, all with given names of books of the Old Testament, Micah, Deuteronomy, Lamentations, and Leviticus. She played the villain in Star Trek, the Talosian Keeper in the pilot episode. Not broadcast in its form for many years, this material was used in the two-parter. She also played different characters on both Golden Girls and Designing Women. Wyllie died on January 1,2002, at the age of 84 in Glendale, California and she was survived by a cousin. Meg Wyllie at the Internet Movie Database Meg Wyllie at Memory Alpha
19.
Melody Thomas Scott
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Melody Thomas Scott is an American actress best known for playing Nikki Newman on the soap opera The Young and the Restless. Scott was born Melody Ann Thomas in Los Angeles and her first film credit was as a child actress in the 1964 Alfred Hitchcock movie Marnie. She was a replacement for the previous Nikki, who had lasted six months, over time, her character reformed and became an important part of Genoa City society, as she married Victor Newman. Scott has said, Its a miracle for an actor to have a job last 35 years and it was on the set of Young and the Restless that she met her third husband, the shows executive producer Edward J. Scott. They married in 1985 and have three daughters, Jennifer, Alexandra Danielle Yeaggy and Elizabeth, the family resides in Beverly Hills, California. Jennifer gave birth to twins on May 25,2011, a boy named James, James and Charlotte are Melody and Edwards first and second grandchild, respectively. In 2002, Scott was asked to be one of the board members of the Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center in Jamestown. Daytime Emmys Pre-Nomination, Outstanding Lead Actress Victor Newman and Nikki Reed Supercouple Melody Thomas Scott at the Internet Movie Database Melodys official page
20.
Joseph Stefano
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As a teenager, Stefano was so keen to become an actor that he dropped out of high school two weeks before graduation and traveled to New York City. In Manhattan he adopted the stage name Jerry Stevens, but Stefanos initial career was as a composer of pop music in the 1940s, writing songs for Las Vegas showman Donn Arden. In possession of a collection of sheet music, he once spent five hours challenging pianist Michael Feinstein on names of obscure Tin Pan Alley songs. Stefano was commissioned by Alfred Hitchcock to adapt Robert Blochs novel Psycho for the screen and his work was recognized by the Mystery Writers of America when he was given a 1961 Edgar Award, for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. Both Stefano and Stevens were involved only during the first season of the show, in the book Writing with Hitchcock, Stefano said that Hitchcock held a grudge over his being unavailable to write the screenplay for Marnie. After leaving the series due to interference and exhaustion, Stefano wrote and directed The Ghost of Sierra de Cobre. The thriller Eye of the Cat and the comedy Futz were Stefanos last big-screen jobs for many years. Throughout the 1970s, he wrote many television films such as Revenge, A Death of Innocence, Home for the Holidays, Live Again, Die Again, Aloha Means Goodbye and Snowbeast. Stefano also wrote one episode for the first season of Star Trek, Stefano was one of the Guests of Honor at the 1974 NY Telefantasy Convention, and spent hours signing autographs for hundreds of Outer Limits fans. At the show, he expressed his surprise that so many people remembered the series almost a decade after its cancellation. In 1990, he revisited the characters from Psycho with the TV movie script for the last sequel, actually a prequel, Psycho IV, The Beginning interestingly posits the origins of Norman Bates destructive mother-love, featuring Olivia Hussey as Mrs. Bates. Gus Van Sants remake of Psycho followed Stefanos script punctiliously, and in the biopic Hitchcock, about the making of Psycho, Stefano died of a heart attack at Los Robles Hospital in Thousand Oaks, California, in 2006. Stefano was a producer for the first season of The Outer Limits, Joseph Stefano - Psycho Screenwriter Interview -1975 interview with Stefano by Lee Weinstein Joseph Stefano at the Internet Movie Database Joseph Stefano at Memory Alpha
21.
Psycho (1960 film)
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When originally made, Psycho was seen as a departure from Hitchcocks previous film North by Northwest, having been filmed on a low budget, with a television crew and in black and white. Psycho is now considered one of Hitchcocks best films and praised as a work of cinematic art by international film critics. After Hitchcocks death in 1980, Universal Studios began producing follow-ups, in 1992, the US Library of Congress deemed the film culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. During a lunchtime tryst in Phoenix, Arizona, a real estate secretary named Marion Crane discusses with her boyfriend, Sam Loomis, after lunch, Marion returns to work, where a client drops off a $40,000 cash payment on a property. Her boss asks her to deposit the money in the bank, returning home, she begins to pack for an unplanned trip, deciding to steal the money and give it to Sam in Fairvale, California. She is seen by her boss on her way out of town, during the trip, she pulls over on the side of the road and falls asleep, only to be awakened by a state patrol officer. He is suspicious about her nervous behavior but allows her to drive on, shaken by the encounter, Marion stops at an automobile dealership and trades in her Ford Mainline, with its Arizona license plates, for a Ford Custom 300 that has California tags. Her transaction is all for naught—the highway patrolman sees her at the car dealership, driving on, Marion encounters a sudden rainstorm and decides to stop for the night at the Bates Motel, the proprietor, Norman Bates, invites her to a light dinner after she checks in. She accepts, but then hears an argument between Norman and his mother about bringing a woman into her house. They eat in the parlor, where he tells her about his hobby of taxidermy and his life with his mother. Returning to her room, Marion decides to go back to Phoenix to return the stolen money and she prepares to take a shower, unaware that Norman is spying on her. As she is showering, a female figure suddenly comes in. A week later, Marions sister Lila arrives in Fairvale and confronts Sam about the whereabouts of her sister, a private investigator named Arbogast approaches them and confirms that Marion is wanted for stealing the $40,000 from her employer. He eventually comes across the Bates Motel, where Normans behavior arouses his suspicions, after hearing that Marion had met with Normans mother, he asks to speak with her, but Norman refuses. Arbogast calls Lila and Sam, informing them of what he has discovered and he goes to the Bates home in search of her, as he reaches the top of the stairs, Mrs. Bates suddenly appears from the bedroom and murders him. When Lila and Sam do not hear from Arbogast, they go to the local sheriff, concerned, Lila and Sam make their way to the motel. Norman takes his mother from her room, telling her he needs to hide her for a while in the fruit cellar. At the motel, Lila and Sam meet Norman, Sam distracts him by striking up a conversation while Lila sneaks up to the house
22.
Grace Kelly
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Grace Patricia Kelly was an American actress who became Princess of Monaco after marrying Prince Rainier III, in April 1956. In October 1953, she gained stardom from her performance in the film Mogambo, which won her a Golden Globe Award, subsequently, she had leading roles in five films, including The Country Girl, for which her deglamorized performance earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress. Kelly retired from acting at the age of 26 to marry Rainier and they had three children, Caroline, Albert II, and Stéphanie. Kelly retained her American roots, maintaining dual U. S. and she died on September 14,1982, a day after suffering a stroke while driving her car, which caused a crash. Kelly was born on November 12,1929, at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to an affluent and influential family. Her father, Irish-American John B. Kelly Sr. had won three Olympic gold medals for sculling and owned a successful brickwork contracting company that was well-known on the East Coast. A registered Democrat, he was nominated to be mayor of Philadelphia for the 1935 election, in later years, he served on the Fairmount Park Commission and, during World War II, was appointed by President Roosevelt as National Director of Physical Fitness. Kellys mother was Philadelphia native Margaret Katherine Majer, the daughter of German immigrants, Margaret had taught physical education at the University of Pennsylvania and had been the first woman to coach womens athletics at the institution. She was noted for her beauty and modeled for a time in her youth, after marrying John B. Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a housewife until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations. Kelly had two siblings, Margaret and John Jr. and a younger sister, Elizabeth. The children were raised in the Roman Catholic faith, while attending Ravenhill Academy, a prestigious Catholic girls school, Kelly modeled fashions at local social events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of 12, she played the lead in Dont Feed the Animals, before graduating in May 1947 from Stevens School, a socially prominent private institution on Walnut Lane in the Northwest Philadelphia neighborhood of Germantown, she acted and danced. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress as Ingrid Bergman and her favorite actor as Joseph Cotten, written in the Stevens Prophecy section was, Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen. Owing to her low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected by Bennington College in July 1947, despite her parents initial disapproval, Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of being an actress. John was particularly displeased with her decision, he viewed acting as a cut above streetwalker. To start her career, she auditioned for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, although the school had already met its semester quota, she obtained an interview with the admission officer, Emile Diestel, and was admitted through the influence of George. She began her first term the following October, while at school, she lived in Manhattans Barbizon Hotel for Women, a prestigious establishment which barred men from entering after 10 pm, and she worked as a model to support her studies. Kelly worked diligently and practiced her speech by using a tape recorder and her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, most notably a Broadway debut in Strindbergs The Father alongside Raymond Massey
23.
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
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Rainier III ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs in European history. Gambling accounts for approximately three percent of the nations annual revenue today, when Rainier ascended the throne in 1949. As of 2017, he was the last European monarch to have died on the throne. Rainier was born at Princes Palace in Monaco, the son of Prince Pierre of Monaco, Duke of Valentinois and his wife. Rainier was the first native-born hereditary prince of Monaco since Honore IV in 1758, Rainiers father was a half-French, half-Mexican who adopted his wifes surname, Grimaldi, upon marriage and was made a prince of Monaco by Prince Louis, his father-in-law. Rainier had one sibling, Princess Antoinette, Baroness of Massy, Rainiers early education was conducted in England, at the prestigious public schools of Summerfields in St Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, and later at Stowe, in Buckinghamshire. In 1944, upon his 21st birthday, Rainiers mother renounced her right to the Monegasque throne and Rainier became Prince Louiss direct heir. In World War II Rainier joined the Free French Army in September 1944, and serving under General de Monsabert as a second lieutenant and he received the French Croix de Guerre with bronze star and was given the rank of Chevalier in the French Legion of Honor in 1947. Following his decommission from the French Army, he was promoted by the French government as a captain in April 1949, Rainiers sister, Princess Antoinette, wishing her own son to ascend the throne, spread rumours that Pascal was infertile. The rumours combined with a snobbery over Pascals family origins ultimately ended the relationship, Rainier became the Sovereign Prince of Monaco on the death of Louis II on 9 May 1949. After ascending the throne, Rainier worked assiduously to recoup Monacos lustre, according to numerous obituaries, the prince was faced upon his ascension with a treasury that was practically empty. The small nations traditional gambling clientele, largely European aristocrats, found themselves with reduced funds after World War II, other gambling centers had opened to compete with Monaco, many of them successfully. To compensate for loss of income, Rainier decided to promote Monaco as a tax haven, commercial center, real-estate development opportunity. Prince Rainier regained control of SBM in 1964, effectively ensuring that his vision of Monaco would be implemented, as Prince of Monaco, Rainier was also responsible for the principalitys new constitution in 1962 which significantly reduced the power of the sovereign. The changes ended autocratic rule, placing power with the prince, at the time of his death, he was the worlds second longest-serving living head of state, ranking just below the King of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej. After a year-long courtship described as containing a good deal of rational appraisal on both sides, Prince Rainier married Oscar-winning American actress Grace Kelly in 1956, the ceremonies in Monaco were on 18 April 1956 and 19 April 1956. In 1979, Prince Rainier made his debut alongside his wife Grace in a 33-minute independent film called Rearranged, produced in Monaco. According to co-star Edward Meeks, after premiering it in Monaco, Grace showed it to ABC TV executives in New York in 1982, however, Grace died in a car crash caused by a stroke in 1982, making it impossible to expand the film for American release
24.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
25.
The Birds (film)
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The Birds is a 1963 American horror-thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, loosely based on the 1952 story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier. It focuses on a series of sudden and unexplained violent bird attacks on the people of Bodega Bay, the film stars Rod Taylor and Tippi Hedren, in her screen debut, supported by Jessica Tandy, Suzanne Pleshette and Veronica Cartwright. The screenplay is by Evan Hunter, who was told by Hitchcock to develop new characters, in 2016, The Birds was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, and selected it for preservation in its National Film Registry. Melanie Daniels, a socialite known for rather racy behavior and playing pranks. He wants to purchase a pair of lovebirds for his sisters eleventh birthday and she is infuriated when she discovers this, even though she also likes to play practical jokes. Then, intrigued by his advance, she finds his weekend address in Bodega Bay, purchases a pair of lovebirds. Discovering he is not there, she leaves the birdcage inside the Brenner family home and he spots her on the water through a pair of binoculars during her retreat, and races across the bay to head her off. She is attacked near shore on the side and injured by a seagull. He invites her to dinner, and she hesitantly agrees, Melanie gets to know Mitch, his alternately domineering and needy mother Lydia, and his younger sister Cathy. She also befriends local schoolteacher Annie Hayworth, Mitchs ex-lover, when she spends the night at Annies house they are startled by a loud thud, a gull has killed itself by flying into the front door. At Cathys birthday party the day, the guests are set upon by seagulls. The following evening, sparrows invade the Brenner home through the chimney, the next morning, Lydia, a widow who still sees to the family farmstead, pays a visit to a neighboring farmer to discuss the unusual behavior of her chickens. Finding his eyeless corpse pecked lifeless by birds, she flees in terror, after being comforted by Melanie and Mitch, she expresses concern for Cathys safety at school. Melanie drives there and waits for class to end, unaware that a murder of crows are massing in the nearby playground. Unnerved when she sees its jungle gym covered by them, she warns Annie, the commotion stirs the crows into attacking, injuring several of the children. A young girl is seriously injured after being felled by the crows and she calls on Cathy for help and Melanie pushes them into a parked car, blasting the horn as crows engulf the vehicle. Melanie calls her fathers newspaper from The Tides restaurant, several patrons describe their own encounters with aggressive bird behavior. An amateur ornithologist dismisses the reports as fanciful and argues with Melanie over them, Mitch arrives with the sheriff and corroborates Melanies claims
26.
Ed McBain
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Ed McBain is one of the pen names of an American author and screenwriter. Born Salvatore Albert Lombino, he adopted the name Evan Hunter in 1952. While successful and well known as Evan Hunter, he was better known as Ed McBain. He also used the pen names John Abbott, Curt Cannon, Hunt Collins, Ezra Hannon and his 87th Precinct novels have become staples of the police procedural genre. Salvatore Lombino was born and raised in New York City and he lived in East Harlem until age 12, when his family moved to the Bronx. He attended Olinville Junior High School, then Evander Childs High School, later, he was admitted as an art student at Cooper Union. Lombino served in the Navy in World War II and wrote short stories while serving aboard a destroyer in the Pacific. However, none of these stories was published until after he had established himself as an author in the 1950s. After the war, Lombino returned to New York and attended Hunter College, where he majored in English and psychology, with minors in dramatics and education and he published a weekly column in the Hunter College newspaper as S. A. Lombino. In 1981, Lombino was inducted into the Hunter College Hall of Fame, while looking to start a career as a writer, Lombino took a variety of jobs, including 17 days as a teacher at Bronx Vocational High School in September 1950. This experience would form the basis for his novel Blackboard Jungle. In 1951, Lombino took a job as an editor for the Scott Meredith Literary Agency, working with authors such as Poul Anderson. Clarke, Lester del Rey, Richard S. Prather, and P. G. Wodehouse and he made his first professional short story sale that same year, a science-fiction tale titled Welcome, Martians. Soon after his initial sale, Lombino sold stories under the pen names Evan Hunter, the name Evan Hunter is generally believed to have been derived from two schools he attended, Evander Childs High School and Hunter College, although the author himself would never confirm that. Lombino legally changed his name to Evan Hunter in May 1952, thereafter, he used the name Evan Hunter both personally and professionally. As Evan Hunter, he gained notice with his novel Blackboard Jungle dealing with juvenile crime, the film adaptation followed in 1955. During this era, Hunter also wrote a great deal of genre fiction and he was advised by his agents that publishing too much fiction under the Hunter byline, or publishing any crime fiction as Evan Hunter, might weaken his literary reputation. Consequently, during the 1950s Hunter used the pseudonyms Curt Cannon, Hunt Collins, Ed McBain, his best known pseudonym, was first used with Cop Hater, the first novel in the 87th Precinct crime series
27.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
28.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
29.
Lee Remick
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Lee Ann Remick was an American actress. Remick made her debut in 1957 in A Face in the Crowd. Her other notable roles include Anatomy of a Murder, Wild River, The Detective, The Omen. She won Golden Globe Awards for the 1973 TV film The Blue Knight, for the latter role, she also won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress. In April 1991, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Lee Remick was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, the daughter of Gertrude Margaret, an actress, and Francis Edwin Frank Remick, who owned a department store. Her maternal great-grandmother, Eliza Duffield, was a born in England. Remick attended the Swaboda School of Dance, the Hewitt School and studied acting at Barnard College, Remick made her film debut in Elia Kazans A Face in the Crowd. While filming the movie in Arkansas, Remick lived with a local family, after appearing as Eula Varner, the hot-blooded daughter-in-law of Will Varner in 1958s The Long, Hot Summer, she appeared in These Thousand Hills as a dance hall girl. Remick came to prominence as a victim whose husband is tried for killing her attacker in Otto Premingers Anatomy of a Murder. In 1960, she made a film with Kazan, Wild River. In 1962 she starred opposite Glenn Ford in the Blake Edwards suspense-thriller Experiment in Terror and that same year she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as the alcoholic wife of Jack Lemmon in Days of Wine and Roses. Bette Davis, also nominated that year for Whatever Happened to Baby Jane. said Miss Remicks performance astonished me and they both lost to Anne Bancroft in The Miracle Worker. When Marilyn Monroe was fired during the filming of the comedy Somethings Got to Give, co-star Dean Martin refused to continue, however, saying that while he admired Remick, he had signed onto the picture strictly to be able to work with Monroe. Remick next appeared in the 1964 Broadway musical Anyone Can Whistle, written by Stephen Sondheim and Arthur Laurents, Remicks performance is captured on the original cast recording. This began a friendship between Remick and Sondheim, and she later appeared in the landmark 1985 concert version of his musical Follies. In 1966, she starred in the Broadway play Wait Until Dark and it was adapted into a successful film the following year starring Audrey Hepburn. She co-starred with Gregory Peck in the 1976 horror film The Omen, in which her characters adopted son, the film was both a critical and commercial success and was regarded as one of the best horror films ever made. Remick later appeared in several movies and miniseries, for which she earned a total of seven Emmy nominations
30.
Eva Marie Saint
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Eva Marie Saint is an American actress and producer. In a career spanning 70 years, she is known for starring in Elia Kazans On the Waterfront, for which she won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and Alfred Hitchcocks North by Northwest. She received Golden Globe and BAFTA Award nominations for A Hatful of Rain, Saint was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Eva Marie and John Merle Saint. She attended Bethlehem Central High School in Delmar, New York, near Albany and she was inducted into the high schools hall of fame in 2006. She studied acting at Bowling Green State University and joined Delta Gamma Sorority, a theater on Bowling Greens campus is named after her. She was a member in the theater honorary fraternity, Theta Alpha Phi. Saints introduction to television began as an NBC page and she appeared in the very early live NBC TV show Campus Hoopla in 1946–47. Her performances on this program are recorded on kinescope. She also appeared in the Bonnie Maids Versa-Tile Varieties on NBC in 1949 as one of the original singing Bonnie Maids used in the live commercials, in the late 1940s, Saint continued to make her living by extensive work in radio and television. She won another Emmy nomination for the 1955 television musical version of Our Town, co-stars were Paul Newman and Frank Sinatra. Her success and acclaim in TV productions were of such a level that the young Saint earned the nickname the Helen Hayes of television. Saint made her film debut in On the Waterfront, starring Marlon Brando. Her parochial school training is no bar to love with the proper stranger, amid scenes of carnage, she gives tenderness and sensitivity to genuine romance. In a 2000 interview in Premiere magazine, Saint recalled making the film and he said Brando is the boyfriend of your sister. Youre not used to being with a young man, Dont let him in the door under any circumstances. I dont know what he told Marlon, youll have to ask him - good luck, came in and started teasing me. And I remained off balance for the whole shoot, the film was a major success and launched Saints movie career. She also starred in the lavish Civil War epic Raintree County with Elizabeth Taylor and Montgomery Clift
31.
North by Northwest
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North by Northwest is a 1959 American thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint and James Mason. The screenplay was by Ernest Lehman, who wanted to write the Hitchcock picture to end all Hitchcock pictures and this is one of several Hitchcock films that features a music score by Bernard Herrmann and a memorable opening title sequence by graphic designer Saul Bass. This film is cited as the first to feature extended use of kinetic typography in its opening credits. North by Northwest is now numbered among the essential Hitchcock pictures and is listed as one of the greatest films of all time. It was selected in 1995 for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress, as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Two thugs looking for a George Kaplan at a hotel bar see a calling out for him at the same time advertising executive Roger Thornhill summons the waiter. Thornhill, thus, is mistaken for George Kaplan, kidnapped by the thugs, he is brought to the Long Island estate of Lester Townsend, and interrogated by spy Phillip Vandamm. Thornhill vehemently denies he is Kaplan, Vandamm thinks he is lying and Vandamms henchman Leonard tries to arrange Thornhills death, but Thornhill manages to escape a staged drunken driving accident. Thornhill fails to convince his mother and the police that he had been kidnapped, journeying to the scene of the crime with police, a woman at Townsends home, presumed to be Mrs. Townsend, says he showed up drunk at her dinner party. She says Townsend is a United Nations diplomat, while searching Kaplans hotel room with his mother, Thornhill answers a phone call from the thugs who are in the hotel lobby. He escapes and visits the U. N. General Assembly building to meet Townsend and he discovers that Townsend is not the man he met on Long Island, and that Townsend is a widower. As Thornhill questions Townsend, one of the thugs throws a knife, hitting Townsend in the back, Thornhill catches Townsend as he falls and grabs the knife, giving the appearance that he murdered Townsend. Thornhill flees and attempts to find the real Kaplan, meanwhile, a government intelligence agency picks up the news and realizes Thornhill has been mistaken for George Kaplan, a fictional persona created by the agency to thwart Vandamm. However, Thornhill is not rescued for fear of compromising their operation, Thornhill sneaks onto the 20th Century Limited train. He meets Eve Kendall, who protects him from the police, in Chicago, Kendall tells Thornhill she has arranged a meeting with Kaplan at an isolated bus stop. Thornhill waits, but no one comes and he is attacked by a crop duster plane, but steps in front of a speeding tank truck, the airplane crashes into the truck, and Thornhill escapes. When he reaches Kaplans hotel in Chicago, he discovers that Kaplan had checked out, Thornhill goes to her room, but she leaves. He tracks her to an art auction, where he finds Vandamm, Vandamm purchases a Mexican Purépecha statue and departs
32.
Susan Hampshire
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Susan Hampshire, Lady Kulukundis, OBE is a three-time Emmy Award-winning English actress, best known for her many television and film roles. Susan Hampshire was born in Kensington, London, to George Kenneth Hampshire and his wife, the youngest of five children, she had three sisters and one brother. Her mother was a teacher and her father was a director of ICI who was rarely at home, as a child, she had some developmental difficulties, unable to spell her name until she was nine and unable to read well until she was 12. Her determined mother June founded a small London school in 1928, The Hampshire and her childhood ambition was to be a nurse, but she did not have the O level in Latin it required, so she decided to become an actress. She was diagnosed as dyslexic at the age of 30, hampshires first film appearance was in The Woman in the Hall. She decided to become an actress as a child and worked in a theatre before moving on to film, during this period she took the title role in a dramatised version of Little Black Sambo recorded by HMV Junior Record Club. And sang on The Midday Show when ITV Anglia began broadcasting in 1959 and her first starring role was in the film During One Night in 1960. She then took the role in a 1962 BBC adaptation of What Katy Did. Soon afterwards, she was taken up by Walt Disney, and starred in The Three Lives of Thomasina and she would later appear opposite McGoohan again, in two episodes of Danger Man. She co-starred with Cliff Richard in Sidney J. Furies 1964 musical Wonderful Life, in 1966, she was introduced to American TV viewers in the pilot episode of The Time Tunnel as a young passenger on the Titanic who befriends Dr. Tony Newman. She later portrayed conservationist Joy Adamson in Living Free, the sequel to Born Free, in 1972, she played three different characters in Malpertuis, directed by Harry Kumel. She is well known for her work on television and her most notable television role in the 1960s came in the BBCs 1967 adaptation of The Forsyte Saga, in which she played Fleur. 1973 saw Hampshire again on U. S. television with Kirk Douglas in a version of Dr. Jekyll. More recent TV roles include Molly MacDonald, Lady of Glenbogle in Monarch of the Glen, and she was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1992 when she was surprised by Michael Aspel at the Ritz Hotel. She received Emmy Awards from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences for her roles in The Forsyte Saga, The First Churchills, other miniseries in which she appeared are The Pallisers, The Barchester Chronicles and Coming Home. In 1997 she appeared in the ITV television series The Grand and she played a madame residing in the hotel. Hampshire has been active on the stage, taking the roles in many leading plays. In 2007, she was in a play, The Bargain
33.
Vera Miles
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Vera June Miles is an American actress who worked closely with Alfred Hitchcock, most notably as Lila Crane in the classic 1960 film Psycho, reprising the role in the 1983 sequel, Psycho II. Other films in which she appeared include The Wrong Man, The Searchers, Tarzans Hidden Jungle, and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Miles was born Vera June Ralston in Boise City, Oklahoma to Thomas and she grew up first in Pratt, Kansas, and later lived in Wichita, where she worked nights as a Western Union operator-typist and graduated from Wichita North High School in 1947. She was crowned Miss Kansas in 1948 and was the third runner-up in the Miss America contest. When she appeared as a contestant on the April 4,1951, edition of the Groucho Marx quiz show You Bet Your Life described as a beauty contest winner, Marx asked her about some of the titles she held. She used her first husbands name, Miles, because there already was a film actress who went by the name Vera Ralston. Miles eventually was put under contract at various studios and she once recalled, I was dropped by the best studios in town. In one of her first screen appearances, Miles played a Tournament of Roses queen in 1952s The Rose Bowl Story, while under contract to Warner Brothers, Miles was cast in Tarzans Hidden Jungle as Tarzans love interest. After the filming she married her Tarzan co-star, Gordon Scott, director John Ford chose Miles to star as Jeffrey Hunters love interest in The Searchers starring John Wayne. That same year, she co-starred in 23 Paces to Baker Street with Van Johnson, in 1957, she began a five-year personal contract with Alfred Hitchcock, and was widely publicized as the directors potential successor to Grace Kelly. Miles new mentor directed her in the role of Ralph Meekers emotionally troubled new bride in Revenge, suitably impressed, Hitchcock directed her on the big screen alongside Henry Fonda, who played a musician falsely accused of a crime, in The Wrong Man. Production delays and her pregnancy cost Miles the leading role opposite James Stewart in Vertigo, Hitchcock cast Miles in what is arguably the role for which she is most remembered, that of Lila Crane in Psycho. She was cast in 1962 and 1965 episodes of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, in 1962 she worked with John Ford again on The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance starring John Wayne and James Stewart as two very different men competing for her hand in marriage. Miles was featured in popular television shows. On February 26,1960, she starred in the episode Mirror Image of the classic CBS television series, Miles guest starred on the NBC western series, Riverboat, starring Darren McGavin and Burt Reynolds. In 1963, she co-starred in the first episode of ABCs The Fugitive titled Fear in a Desert City, in 1964 she co-starred in an episode of The Outer Limits, Forms of Things Unknown. In 1965, Miles portrayed Sister Gervaise in the episode Theres a Penguin in My Garden of Mr. Novak and she also played a supporting role in several episodes of the CBS series My Three Sons. In 1965 she again co-starred in a new pilot for I Spy, in 1966, Miles co-starred with Fred MacMurray in the Walt Disney film Follow Me, Boys
34.
Sydney Pollack
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Sydney Irwin Pollack was an American film director, producer and actor. Pollack directed more than 20 films and 10 television shows, acted in over 30 films or shows, some of his other best known works include Jeremiah Johnson, The Way We Were, Three Days of the Condor and Absence of Malice. His subsequent films included Havana, The Firm, The Interpreter, Sydney Pollack was born in Lafayette, Indiana, to a family of Jewish immigrants from Ukraine, the son of Rebecca and David Pollack, a semi-professional boxer and pharmacist. The family relocated to South Bend and his parents divorced when he was young and his mother, an alcoholic with emotional problems, died at the age of 37 while Pollack was a student. Despite earlier plans to attend college and then school, Pollack left Indiana for New York City soon after finishing high school at age 17. Pollack studied acting with Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse from 1952–54, after two years army service, ending in 1958, he returned to the Playhouse at Meisner’s invitation to become his assistant. In 1960, John Frankenheimer, a friend of Pollack, asked him to come to Los Angeles in order to work as a coach for the child actors on Frankenheimers first big picture. It was during this time that Pollack met Burt Lancaster who encouraged the actor to try directing. Pollack played a director in The Twilight Zone episode The Trouble with Templeton in 1961, but he found his real success in television in the 1960s by directing episodes of series, such as The Fugitive and Alfred Hitchcock Presents. After doing TV he made the jump into film with a string of movies that drew public attention and his film-directing debut was The Slender Thread. Over time, Pollacks films received a total of 48 Academy Award nominations and his first Oscar nomination was for his 1969 film They Shoot Horses, Dont They. and his second in 1982 for Tootsie. For his 1985 film Out of Africa starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford, only Young and Lange won Oscars for their performances in one of Pollacks films. His disputes with Hoffman during the filming of Tootsie became well known, eventually Hoffman began pushing the idea that Pollack play the role of his agent, and Pollack reluctantly agreed despite not having had any film roles in 20 years. Their off-screen relationship added authenticity to their scenes in the movie, Pollack subsequently took on more acting roles in addition to producing and directing. He appeared as himself in the documentary One Six Right, describing his joy in owning and piloting his Cessna Citation X jet aircraft. As a character actor, Pollack appeared in such as A Civil Action. He also appeared in Woody Allens Husbands and Wives as a New York lawyer undergoing a midlife crisis and his last role was as Patrick Dempseys father in the 2008 romantic comedy Made of Honor, which was playing in theaters at the time of his death. He was a recurring guest star on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace, playing Will Trumans unfaithful but loving father, George Truman
35.
James Bond
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The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz, published in September 2015, additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny. The character has also adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games. As of 2017, there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series, the most recent Bond film, Spectre, stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond, he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also two independent productions of Bond films, Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again. In 2015, the franchise was estimated to be worth $19.9 billion, the Bond films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and two wins. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bonds cars, his guns, the films are also noted for Bonds relationships with various women, who are sometimes referred to as Bond girls. Ian Fleming created the character of James Bond as the central figure for his works. Bond is an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is known by his number,007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway. Aside from Flemings brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bonds make up, including Conrad OBrien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill Biffy Dunderdale. The name James Bond came from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies. He further explained that, When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be a dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened. When I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, is the dullest name I ever heard. On another occasion, Fleming said, I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is certainly good-looking. Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way and that black hair falling down over the right eyebrow
36.
Notorious (1946 film)
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It was shot in late 1945 and early 1946, and was released by RKO Radio Pictures in August 1946. Notorious is considered by critics and scholars to mark a watershed for Hitchcock artistically, the film is known for two scenes in particular. In one of his most famous shots, Hitchcock starts wide, slowly he tracks down and in on Ingrid Bergman, finally ending with a tight close-up of a key tucked in her hand. The two-and-a-half-minute kiss is perhaps his most intimate and erotic kiss, in 2006, Notorious was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Alicia Huberman, the American daughter of a convicted Nazi spy, is recruited by government agent T. R. Devlin to infiltrate an organization of Nazis who have moved to Brazil after World War II. When Alicia refuses to help the police, Devlin plays recordings of her fighting with her father, while awaiting the details of her assignment in Rio de Janeiro, Alicia and Devlin fall in love, though his feelings are complicated by his knowledge of her promiscuous past. Devlin is also informed that Sebastian once was in love with Alicia, Devlin puts up a stoic front when he informs Alicia about the mission. Alicia concludes that he was pretending to love her as part of his job. Devlin contrives to have Alicia meet Sebastian at a riding club. He recognizes her and invites her to dinner where he says that he knew they would be reunited. Sebastian quickly invites Alicia to dinner the night at his home. Devlin and Captain Paul Prescott of the US Secret Service tell Alicia to memorize the names and nationalities of everyone there, at dinner, Alicia notices that a guest becomes agitated at the sight of certain wine bottles, and is ushered quickly from the room. When the gentlemen are alone at the end of the dinner, this guest apologizes and tries to go home, soon Alicia reports to Devlin, You can add Sebastians name to my list of playmates. When Sebastian proposes, Alicia informs Devlin, he tells her to do whatever she wants. After she returns from her honeymoon, Alicia is able to tell Devlin that the key ring her husband gave her lacks the key to the wine cellar. That, and the episode at the dinner, lead Devlin to urge Alicia to hold a grand party so he can investigate. Alicia secretly steals the key from Sebastians ring, and Devlin, Devlin accidentally breaks a bottle, inside is black sand. Devlin takes a sample, cleans up, and locks the door as Sebastian comes down for more champagne, Alicia and Devlin kiss to cover their tracks
37.
Cary Grant
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Cary Grant was a British-American actor, known as one of classic Hollywoods definitive leading men. He began a career in Hollywood in the early 1930s, and became known for his accent, debonair demeanor. He became an American citizen in 1942, Born in Horfield, Bristol, Grant became attracted to theatre at a young age, and began performing with a troupe known as The Penders from the age of six. After attending Bishop Road Primary School and Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol, he toured the country as a stage performer and he established a name for himself in vaudeville in the 1920s and toured the United States before moving to Hollywood in the early 1930s. Along with the later Arsenic and Old Lace and I Was a Male War Bride, having established himself as a major Hollywood star, he was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Actor, for Penny Serenade and None but the Lonely Heart. In the 1940s and 1950s, Grant forged a relationship with the director Alfred Hitchcock, appearing in films such as Suspicion, Notorious, To Catch a Thief. Hitchcock admired Grant and considered him to have been the actor that he had ever loved working with. His comic timing and delivery made Grant what Premiere magazine considers to have quite simply. Grant was married five times, three of his marriages were elopements with actresses—Virginia Cherrill, Betsy Drake and Dyan Cannon and he has one daughter with Cannon, Jennifer Grant. After his retirement from acting in 1966, Grant pursued numerous business interests, representing cosmetics firm Fabergé. He was presented with an Honorary Oscar by his friend Frank Sinatra at the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970, in 1999, the American Film Institute named Grant the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema, after Humphrey Bogart. Grant was born Archibald Alec Leach on January 18,1904 at 15 Hughenden Road in the northern Bristol suburb of Horfield and he was the second child of Elias James Leach and Elsie Maria Leach. Elias, the son of a potter, worked as a tailors presser at a factory, while Elsie. Grants elder brother, John William Elias Leach, died of tuberculous meningitis, Grant considered himself to have been partly Jewish. He had an upbringing, his father was an alcoholic. Wanting the best for her son, Elsie taught Grant song and dance when he was four and she would occasionally take him to the cinema where he enjoyed the performances of Charlie Chaplin, Chester Conklin, Fatty Arbuckle, Ford Sterling, Mack Swain and Broncho Billy Anderson. Grant entered education when he was four-and-a-half and was sent to the Bishop Road Primary School, Bristol, another biographer, Geoffrey Wansell, notes that Elsie blamed herself bitterly for the death of Grants older brother John, and never recovered from it. Grant later acknowledged that his experiences with his fiercely independent mother affected his relationships with women later in life
38.
Torn Curtain
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Torn Curtain is a 1966 American political thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Paul Newman and Julie Andrews. Written by Brian Moore, the film is set in the Cold War, Michael Armstrong, an American physicist and rocket scientist, is traveling to a conference in Copenhagen with his assistant and fiancée, Sarah Sherman. Armstrong receives a radiogram to pick up a book in Copenhagen, it contains a message which says and he tells Sherman he is going to Stockholm, but she discovers he is flying to East Berlin and follows him. When they land, he is welcomed by representatives of the East German government, Sherman realizes that Armstrong has defected, and is appalled that, given the circumstances of the Cold War, if she stays with him, she will likely never see her home or family again. Armstrong has made preparations to return to the West via an escape network, however, he was followed to the farm by his official guard, Hermann Gromek, an East German security officer. Gromek and his motorcycle are then buried, the taxicab driver who drove Armstrong to the farm, however, reports on Armstrongs behavior to the police. Visiting the physics faculty of Karl Marx University in Leipzig, Armstrongs interview with the scientists ends abruptly when he is questioned by security officials about the missing Gromek. At this point, Armstrong secretly confides to her his actual motives, Armstrong finally goads Professor Lindt into revealing his anti-missile equations in a fit of pique over what Lindt believes are Armstrongs mathematical mistakes. When Lindt hears over the loudspeaker system that Armstrong and Sherman are being sought for questioning. Armstrong and Sherman escape from the school with the help of the university clinic physician Dr. Koska, the couple travel to East Berlin, pursued by the Stasi, in a decoy bus operated by the π network, led by Mr. Jacobi. Roadblocks, highway robbery by Soviet Army deserters, and bunching with the real bus result in the police becoming aware of the deception, and everyone fleeing. While looking for the Friedrichstraße post office, the two encounter the exiled Polish countess Kuchinska who leads them to the post office in hopes of being sponsored for an American visa. The police find Armstrong and Sherman at the post office, two men approach them on the sidewalk – one is the farmer. He gives them tickets to the ballet, the plan is to travel in the luggage of the troupe to Sweden that evening. While attending the ballet and waiting for the pick-up, they are spotted and reported to the police by the lead ballerina, Armstrong and Sherman escape through the crowd by shouting fire. They hide in two crates of costumes, and are ferried across the Baltic Sea to Sweden on a freighter, the ballerina, desperate to reveal the fugitives hiding place, identifies the wrong crates, which are machine-gunned while they are already dangling over the pier. Meanwhile, Armstrong and Sherman have escaped by jumping overboard and swimming to a Swedish dock, audiences eagerly expected his next film. To find a plot, Hitchcock turned towards the spy thriller genre
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