1.
Maybellene
–
Maybellene is one of the first rock-and-roll songs. It was written and recorded in 1955 by Chuck Berry, and inspired/adapted from the Western Swing fiddle tune Ida Red, Berrys song tells the story of a hot rod race and a broken romance. It was released in July 1955 as a single by Chess Records, of Chicago and it was Berrys first single and his first hit. Maybellene is considered one of the pioneering rock-and-roll songs, Rolling Stone magazine wrote, the record is an early instance of the complete rock-and-roll package, youthful subject matter, a small, guitar-driven combo, clear diction, and an atmosphere of unrelenting excitement. The lyrics describe a man driving a V8 Ford chasing his girlfriend in her Cadillac Coupe DeVille. The song was a hit with both black and white audiences. It has received honors and awards. Soon after its release, cover versions were recorded by several other artists. The title is misspelled Maybelline on several releases, Maybellene has been described as an adaptation of the Western Swing song Ida Red, as recorded by Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys in 1938. According to Berry, Willss version, a dance number, was his favorite song to sing at racially integrated clubs. To Berrys surprise, Leonard Chess showed little interest in the material but was enthusiastic about the commercial possibilities in a hillbilly song sung by a black man. Chess wanted a bigger beat for the song and added a bass and he also thought the titles Ida Red and Ida May were too rural. The lyrics were rewritten, also at the direction of Chess, the kids wanted the big beat, cars and young love, Chess recalled. It was the trend and we jumped on it and it has been asserted that it was a common practice in the 1950s to alter the instrumental parts and lyrics of old songs and represent them as new songs. With such changes the songs were often not identifiable, particularly if the melody was modified. This practice took place because copyrights on older recordings were rarely asserted, as Chess had predicted, the lyrics appealed to teenagers fascinated by cars, speed, and sexuality. Maybellene was one of the first records to be a hit on the rhythm and blues, country and western and this exciting fusion of a rhythm-and-blues beat with a rural country style was the catalyst for the emergence of rock and roll in the mid-1950s. For this reason, the disc jockey Alan Freed received credit as a co-writer of Maybellene, russ Fratto, who had loaned money to Chess, also received credit
Maybellene
–
"Maybellene"
2.
Sequel to the Prequel
–
Sequel to the Prequel is the third studio album by English band Babyshambles. It was released on 3 September 2013 under EMI Records and it is their first release of new material since 2007s Shotters Nation. Recording began in January 2013 and included contributions from Stereophonics drummer Jaime Morrison, as the previous drummer. Production was handled by Stephen Street, who produced Babyshambles last record, Shotters Nation and Pete Dohertys 2009 solo effort, Grace/Wastelands
Sequel to the Prequel
–
Sequel to the Prequel
Sequel to the Prequel
3.
Cosmetics
–
Cosmetics, also known as make-up, are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body. Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and they are generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being derived from natural sources, and some being synthetics. Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products, perfume and this broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category, Egyptian women and men also used makeup. They were very fond of eyeliner and eyeshadows in dark colors including blue, red, Ancient Sumerian men and women were possibly the first to invent and wear lipstick, about 5,000 years ago. They crushed gemstones and used them to decorate their faces, mainly on the lips, also around 3000 BC to 1500 BC, women in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization applied red tinted lipstick to their lips for face decoration. Ancient Egyptians extracted red dye from fucus-algin,0. 01% iodine, and some bromine mannite, lipsticks with shimmering effects were initially made using a pearlescent substance found in fish scales. Six thousand year old relics of the hollowed out tombs of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs are discovered, according to one source, early major developments include, Kohl used by ancient Egypt as a protective of the eye kohl Castor oil used by ancient Egypt as a protective balm. Skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rose water, vaseline and lanolin in the nineteenth century. The Ancient Greeks also used cosmetics as the Ancient Romans did, Cosmetics are mentioned in the Old Testament, such as in 2 Kings 9,30, where Jezebel painted her eyelids—approximately 840 BC—and in the book of Esther, where beauty treatments are described. One of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines is the fungus Tremella fuciformis, used as a beauty product by women in China, the fungus reportedly increases moisture retention in the skin and prevents senile degradation of micro-blood vessels in the skin, reducing wrinkles and smoothing fine lines. Cosmetic use was frowned upon at many points in Western history, for example, in the 19th century, Queen Victoria publicly declared make-up improper, vulgar, and acceptable only for use by actors. During the sixteenth century, the attributes of the women who used make-up created a demand for the product among the upper class. As of 2016, the worlds largest cosmetics company is LOréal, the market was developed in the US during the 1910s by Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein, and Max Factor. These firms were joined by Revlon just before World War II, during the 18th century, there was a high number of incidences of lead-poisoning because of the fashion for red and white lead makeup and powder. This led to swelling and inflammation of the eyes, attacked tooth enamel, heavy use was known to lead to death. Concealer is commonly used by men, Cosmetics brands release products especially tailored for men, and men are increasingly using them. Cosmetics are intended to be applied externally, a subset of cosmetics is called make-up, refers primarily to products containing color pigments that are intended to alter the users appearance
Cosmetics
–
Effects include light
foundation,
rouge on
cheekbones,
eyebrow plucking, simple black
eye liner
Cosmetics
–
Woman wearing several forms of cosmetics, including
lipstick,
eye liner, eye shadow and
hair dye
Cosmetics
–
Make up by an artist himself for an Indian classical dance
Cosmetics
–
Assorted cosmetics and tools
4.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
–
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
–
The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
–
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
5.
New York (state)
–
New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
New York (state)
–
British general
John Burgoyne surrenders at
Saratoga in 1777.
New York (state)
–
Flag
New York (state)
–
1800 map of New York from
Low's Encyclopaedia
New York (state)
–
The
Erie Canal at
Lockport, New York in 1839
6.
Limited liability company
–
A limited liability company is the United States-specific form of a private limited company. It is a structure that combines the pass-through taxation of a partnership or sole proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation. An LLC is not a corporation, it is a form of a company that provides limited liability to its owners in many jurisdictions. LLCs do not need to be organized for profit, a Limited Liability Company is a hybrid business entity having certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship. An LLC, although a business entity, is a type of unincorporated association and is not a corporation, the primary characteristic an LLC shares with a corporation is limited liability, and the primary characteristic it shares with a partnership is the availability of pass-through income taxation. It is often more flexible than a corporation, and it is well-suited for companies with a single owner, in the absence of express statutory guidance, most American courts have held that LLC members are subject to the same common law alter ego piercing theories as corporate shareholders. However, it is difficult to pierce the LLC veil because LLCs do not have many formalities to maintain. So long as the LLC and the members do not commingle funds, membership interests in LLCs and partnership interests are also afforded a significant level of protection through the charging order mechanism. The charging order limits the creditor of a debtor-partner or a debtor-member to the share of distributions. Limited liability company members may, in circumstances, also incur a personal liability in cases where distributions to members render the LLC insolvent. State statutes typically provide automatic or default rules for how an LLC will be governed unless the operating agreement provides otherwise. Similarly, the phrase unless otherwise provided for in the by laws is found in all corporation law statutes. The limited liability company has grown to one of the most prevalent business forms in the entire United States. Under the amendment, parties to an LLC remain free to expand, restrict, section 18-101, a Delaware LLC operating agreement can be written, oral or implied. It sets forth member capital contributions, ownership percentages, and management structure, like a prenuptial agreement, an operating agreement can avoid future disputes between members by addressing buy-out rights, valuation formulas, and transfer restrictions. A written LLC operating agreement should be signed by all of its members, for U. S. federal income tax purposes, an LLC is treated by default as a pass-through entity. Thus, income from the LLC is taxed at the tax rates. The default tax status for LLCs with multiple members is as a partnership, an LLC with either single or multiple members may elect to be taxed as a corporation through the filing of IRS Form 8832
Limited liability company
–
Basic investment types
Limited liability company
7.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
8.
Makeup
–
Cosmetics, also known as make-up, are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body. Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and they are generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being derived from natural sources, and some being synthetics. Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products, perfume and this broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category, Egyptian women and men also used makeup. They were very fond of eyeliner and eyeshadows in dark colors including blue, red, Ancient Sumerian men and women were possibly the first to invent and wear lipstick, about 5,000 years ago. They crushed gemstones and used them to decorate their faces, mainly on the lips, also around 3000 BC to 1500 BC, women in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization applied red tinted lipstick to their lips for face decoration. Ancient Egyptians extracted red dye from fucus-algin,0. 01% iodine, and some bromine mannite, lipsticks with shimmering effects were initially made using a pearlescent substance found in fish scales. Six thousand year old relics of the hollowed out tombs of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs are discovered, according to one source, early major developments include, Kohl used by ancient Egypt as a protective of the eye kohl Castor oil used by ancient Egypt as a protective balm. Skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rose water, vaseline and lanolin in the nineteenth century. The Ancient Greeks also used cosmetics as the Ancient Romans did, Cosmetics are mentioned in the Old Testament, such as in 2 Kings 9,30, where Jezebel painted her eyelids—approximately 840 BC—and in the book of Esther, where beauty treatments are described. One of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines is the fungus Tremella fuciformis, used as a beauty product by women in China, the fungus reportedly increases moisture retention in the skin and prevents senile degradation of micro-blood vessels in the skin, reducing wrinkles and smoothing fine lines. Cosmetic use was frowned upon at many points in Western history, for example, in the 19th century, Queen Victoria publicly declared make-up improper, vulgar, and acceptable only for use by actors. During the sixteenth century, the attributes of the women who used make-up created a demand for the product among the upper class. As of 2016, the worlds largest cosmetics company is LOréal, the market was developed in the US during the 1910s by Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein, and Max Factor. These firms were joined by Revlon just before World War II, during the 18th century, there was a high number of incidences of lead-poisoning because of the fashion for red and white lead makeup and powder. This led to swelling and inflammation of the eyes, attacked tooth enamel, heavy use was known to lead to death. Concealer is commonly used by men, Cosmetics brands release products especially tailored for men, and men are increasingly using them. Cosmetics are intended to be applied externally, a subset of cosmetics is called make-up, refers primarily to products containing color pigments that are intended to alter the users appearance
Makeup
–
Effects include light
foundation,
rouge on
cheekbones,
eyebrow plucking, simple black
eye liner
Makeup
–
Woman wearing several forms of cosmetics, including
lipstick,
eye liner, eye shadow and
hair dye
Makeup
–
Make up by an artist himself for an Indian classical dance
Makeup
–
Assorted cosmetics and tools
9.
France
–
France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
France
–
One of the
Lascaux paintings: a horse –
Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC
France
–
Flag
France
–
The
Maison Carrée was a temple of the
Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day
Nîmes) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the
Roman Empire.
France
–
With
Clovis ' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the
Frankish monarchy,
elective and
secular until then, became
hereditary and of
divine right.
10.
Vaseline
–
Vaseline /ˈvæsəˌliːn/ is a brand of petroleum jelly-based products owned by Anglo-Dutch company Unilever. Products include plain petroleum jelly and a selection of skin creams, soaps, lotions, cleansers, in many languages, the word Vaseline is used as generic for petroleum jelly, in Portuguese and some Spanish-speaking countries, the Unilever products are called Vasenol. The first known reference to the name Vaseline was by the inventor of petroleum jelly, I, Robert Chesebrough, have invented a new and useful product from petroleum which I have named Vaseline. The name vaseline is said by the manufacturer to be derived from German Wasser water + Greek έλαιον olive oil. In 1859, Chesebrough went to the oil fields in Titusville, Pennsylvania, the oil workers had been using the substance to heal cuts and burns. Chesebrough took samples of the rod wax back to Brooklyn, extracted the usable petroleum jelly, Vaseline was made by the Chesebrough Manufacturing Company until the company was purchased by Unilever in 1987. While Vaseline can be used as a lubricant, it can also be used as an insulator for local skin conditions characterized by tissue dehydration. Vaseline can help protect minor cuts and burns, media related to Vaseline at Wikimedia Commons Official website
Vaseline
–
An image from Vaseline company archives.
Vaseline
11.
Mascara
–
Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance the eyelashes. It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes, normally in one of three forms—liquid, cake, or cream—the modern mascara product has various formulas, however, most contain the same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives. The Collins English Dictionary defines mascara as, a substance for darkening, lengthening, curling, coloring. The Oxford English Dictionary adds that mascara is used on the eyebrows as well. The OED also references mascaro from works published in the late 15th century. In 1886, the Peck & Snyder Catalogue advertises, “Mascaro or Water Cosmetique… For darkening the eyebrow and moustaches without greasing them and making them prominent. ”In 1890, the Century Dictionary defined mascara as “a kind of paint used for the eyebrows and eyelashes by actors. ”And in 1894, N. Lynn advises in Lynn’s Practical Hints for Making-up, “to darken eyelashes, paint with mascara, or black paint, with a small brush. The Oxford English Dictionary also cites an alternative Catalan definition that describes soot or a black smear, there is even strong support for a possible source from the Arabic word maskharah or ‘buffoon’. The Hebrew word משקרות as relating to womens eyes is found in Isaiah 3,16, latin treatises sometimes used the word mascara when referring to witches. Aesthetic adornment is a universal and mascara can be documented in ancient Egypt. Records from around 4000 BC refer to a substance called kohl that was used to darken eyelashes, eyes, kohl was used to mask the eyes, believed to ward off evil spirits and protect the soul, by both men and women. Often composed of galena, malachite, and charcoal or soot, crocodile stool, honey, through Egypt’s influence, kohl usage persisted in the subsequent Babylonian, Greek and Roman empires. Makeup was considered unsightly and uncouth in Western culture until the Victorian era, during the Victorian era, social opinion shifted radically towards the promotion of cosmetics, and women were known to spend a majority of their day occupied with beauty regimens. Great efforts were made to create the illusion of long, dark eyelashes, attempting this, Victorian women made a type of mascara in their own homes. They would heat a mixture of ash or lampblack and elderberry juice on a plate, the product that people would recognize as mascara today did not develop until the 19th century. A chemist named Eugene Rimmel developed a cosmetic using the newly invented petroleum jelly, the name Rimmel became synonymous with the substance and still translates to “mascara” in the Portuguese, Spanish, Greek, Turkish, Romanian, and Persian languages today. Across the Atlantic Ocean and at roughly the time, in 1913. Later in 1917, he started a business from the product that grew to become the company Maybelline. The mascara developed by two men consisted of petroleum jelly and coal in a set ratio
Mascara
–
A mascara tube and a wand applicator
Mascara
–
Mascara being applied.
Mascara
–
Mascara coated eyelashes.
12.
Memphis, Tennessee
–
Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf, Memphis had a population of 653,450 in 2013, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee. It is the largest city on the Mississippi River, the third largest in the greater Southeastern United States, the greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2014 population of 1,317,314. This makes Memphis the second-largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed by metropolitan Nashville, Memphis is the youngest of Tennessees major cities, founded in 1819 as a planned city by a group of wealthy Americans including judge John Overton and future president Andrew Jackson. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as Memphis and the Mid-South. Occupying a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis has been a location for human settlement by varying cultures over thousands of years. The historic Chickasaw Indian tribe, believed to be their descendants, French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto would encounter the Chickasaw in that area, in the 16th century. J. D. L. Chickasaw Bluffs, located on the Mississippi River at the present day location of Memphis, spain and the United States vied for control of this site, which was a favorite of the Chickasaws. The United States gained the right to navigate the Mississippi River, the Spanish dismantled the fort, shipping its lumber and iron to their locations in Arkansas. Captain Isaac Guion led an American force down the Ohio River to claim the land, by this time, the Spanish had departed. The forts ruins went unnoticed twenty years later when Memphis was laid out as a city, the city of Memphis was founded on May 22,1819 by John Overton, James Winchester and Andrew Jackson. They named it after the ancient capital of Egypt on the Nile River, Memphis developed as a trade and transportation center in the 19th century because of its flood-free location high above the Mississippi River. Located in the delta region along the river, its outlying areas were developed as cotton plantations. The cotton economy of the antebellum South depended on the labor of large numbers of African-American slaves. Through the early 19th century, one million slaves were transported from the Upper South, Many were transported by steamboats along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. This gave planters and cotton brokers access to the Atlantic Coast for shipping cotton to England, the citys demographics changed dramatically in the 1850s and 1860s under waves of immigration and domestic migration. Due to increased immigration since the 1840s and the Great Famine, ethnic Irish made up 9.9 percent of the population in 1850, but 23.2 percent in 1860, when the total population was 22,623. They had encountered considerable discrimination in the city but by 1860 and they also gained many elected and patronage positions in the Democratic Party city government, and an Irish man was elected as mayor before the Civil War
Memphis, Tennessee
–
From top to bottom and left to right:
Downtown Memphis skyline,
Beale Street,
Graceland,
Orpheum Theatre, Beale Street Landing, and the
Hernando de Soto Bridge
Memphis, Tennessee
–
A
Mississippian era priest (Digital illustration, 2004)
Memphis, Tennessee
–
Memphis in the mid-1850s
Memphis, Tennessee
–
Cotton merchants on Union Avenue (1937)
13.
Chicago
–
Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
Chicago
–
Clockwise from top:
Downtown Chicago, the
Chicago Theatre, the
'L',
Navy Pier,
Millennium Park, the
Field Museum, and the
Willis Tower.
Chicago
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Traditional
Potawatomi costume on display at the
Field Museum
Chicago
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A 1903 painting of Chicago in 1833
Chicago
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An artist's rendering of the
Great Chicago Fire of 1871
14.
Little Rock
–
Little Rock is the capital and the most populous city of the U. S. state of Arkansas. It is also the county seat of Pulaski County and it was incorporated on November 7,1831, on the south bank of the Arkansas River close to the geographic center of the state. The city derives its name from a rock formation along the river, the capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821. The citys population was 193,524 at the 2010 census, Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the South. Little Rocks history is available through history museums, historic districts or neighborhoods like the Quapaw Quarter, the city is the headquarters of Dillards, Windstream Communications, Acxiom, Stephens Inc. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, the Clinton Foundation, other large corporations, such as Dassault Falcon Jet and LM Wind Power have large operations in the city. State government is an employer, with many offices being located in downtown Little Rock. Two Interstate highways, Interstate 30 and Interstate 40, meet in Little Rock, Little Rock derives its name from a small rock formation on the south bank of the Arkansas River called le petit rocher. The little rock was used by river traffic as a landmark. The little rock is across the river from big rock, a bluff at the edge of the river. Archeological artifacts provide evidence of Native Americans inhabiting Central Arkansas for thousands of years before Europeans arrived, the early inhabitants may have been the Folsom people, Bluff Dwellers, and Mississippian culture peoples who built earthwork mounds recorded in 1541 by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Historical tribes of the area were the Caddo, Quapaw, Osage, Choctaw, Little Rock was named for a stone outcropping on the bank of the Arkansas River used by early travelers as a landmark. Le Petit Rocher, named in 1722 by French explorer and trader Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, Travelers referred to the area as the Little Rock, and the landmark name stuck. Little Rock is located at 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 116.8 square miles, of which,116.2 square miles of it is land and 0.6 square miles of it is water. Little Rock is located on the bank of the Arkansas River in Central Arkansas. Fourche Creek and Rock Creek run through the city, and flow into the river, the western part of the city is located in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Northwest of the city limits are Pinnacle Mountain and Lake Maumelle, the city of North Little Rock is located just across the river from Little Rock, but it is a separate city. North Little Rock was once the 8th ward of Little Rock, an Arkansas Supreme Court decision on February 6,1904, allowed the ward to merge with the neighboring town of North Little Rock
Little Rock
–
Clockwise from top: Little Rock skyline,
William J. Clinton Presidential Library,
War Memorial Stadium, the River Market District, and the
Arkansas State Capitol
Little Rock
–
Seal
Little Rock
–
The skyline of Little Rock, viewed from the north bank of the
Arkansas River
Little Rock
–
Astronaut photograph of Little Rock, Arkansas taken from the International Space Station (ISS)
15.
Schering-Plough
–
Schering-Plough Corporation was a United States-based pharmaceutical company. It was originally the US subsidiary of the German company Schering AG, as a result of nationalization it became an independent company. In 1971, the Schering Corporation merged with Plough to form Schering-Plough, on November 4,2009 Merck & Co. merged with Schering-Plough with the new company taking the name of Merck & Co. Schering-Plough manufactured several pharmaceutical drugs, the most well-known of which were the allergy drugs Claritin and Clarinex, an anti-cholesterol drug Vytorin, and these are now available from Merck & Co. Schering Plough also owned and operated the major foot care brand name Dr. Scholls and these also became a part of the new company. As of June 2005, Schering-Plough had 1. 4% market share in the U. S. placing it seventeenth in the top twenty pharmaceutical corporations by sales compiled by IMS Health. Schering-Plough was a member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations. Schering was founded in 1851 by Ernst Christian Friedrich Schering as Schering AG in Germany, following the entry of the United States into World War II in 1941, U. S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ordered Schering AGs U. S. assets be seized. The company was placed under a government administratorship until 1952, when it was released, in 1957, Schering acquired White Laboratories. Plough, Incorporated was founded by the Memphis, Tennessee area entrepreneur Abe Plough in 1908 and he borrowed $125 from his father to start the business at age sixteen. As a one-man business, he mixed Ploughs Antiseptic Healing Oil, a cure for any ill of man or beast. Ploughs acquisitions included St Josephs Aspirin for children, Maybelline cosmetics, Plough also had a broadcasting division, operating radio stations in Atlanta, Georgia, Baltimore, Maryland, Boston, Massachusetts, Chicago, Illinois, and Memphis, Tennessee. In 1971, the Schering Corporation merged with Plough, Inc, at the time of the merger, Abe Plough became Chairman of the combined company. In 2000, Schering Plough bought a new campus in Summit, on March 9,2009 it was announced that Schering-Plough and Merck were to merge. On November 4,2009 Schering-Plough merged with Merck & Co. and through a reverse merger Merck became a subsidiary of Schering-Plough, one of Schering-Ploughs plants, in Upper Hutt, New Zealand was the largest single site for the production of veterinary vaccines in the world. It formerly had echinococcosis, but this has been eradicated, Organon itself was founded in 1923 by Dr. Saal van Zwanenberg, the president of Zwanenberg’s Slachterijen en Fabrieken. The company is housed at Zwanenberg’s premises in Oss, the Netherlands, by August 21,2008, Famvir was marketed by Schering-Plough, formerly it was marketed by Novartis. The three companies comprising Organon BioSciences were—Organon, Diosynth, and Intervet, HomeAgain continues to use the Intervet name owned by Merck
Schering-Plough
–
Schering-Plough Corporation
16.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
Brooklyn
–
Clockwise from top left:
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn brownstones,
Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch,
Brooklyn Borough Hall,
Coney Island
Brooklyn
–
Currier and Ives print of Brooklyn, 1886.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn Museum - Hooker's Map of the Village of Brooklyn
Brooklyn
–
A typical dining table in the Dutch village of Brooklyn, c. 1664, from
The Brooklyn Museum.
17.
Lynda Carter
–
Lynda Carter is an American actress, singer, songwriter and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World America 1972 and also the star of the TV series Wonder Woman from 1975 to 1979. Carter was born in Phoenix, Arizona, the daughter of Juanita and her father is of English and Scots-Irish ancestry, and her mother is of Mexican, Spanish and French descent. Carter made her television debut on Lew Kings Talent Show at age 5. During high school, Carter performed in a band called Just Us, consisting of a marimba, a drum, an acoustic guitar. When she was 16, she joined two of her cousins in another band called The Relatives, actor Gary Burghoff was the drummer. The group opened at the Sahara Hotel and Casino lounge in Las Vegas for three months, because Carter was under 21, she had to enter through the kitchen, after being voted Most Talented, she dropped out to pursue a career in music. In 1970, Carter sang with The Garfin Gathering and their first performance was in a San Francisco hotel so new that it had no sidewalk entrance. Consequently, they played mostly to the janitors and hotel guests who parked their cars in the underground garage and she returned to Arizona in 1972. In 1972, Carter won a local Arizona beauty contest and gained attention in the United States by winning Miss World USA. In the international 1972 Miss World pageant, representing the United States, after taking acting classes at several New York acting schools, she made her first acting appearance, in an episode of the 1974 police drama Nakia entitled Roots of Anger. She then began making appearances on such TV shows as Starsky and Hutch and Cos, Carters acting career took off when she landed the starring role on Wonder Woman as the title character and her secret identity, Diana Prince. Carters earnest performance endeared her to fans and critics, such that Carter continues to be identified with Wonder Woman. The series lasted for three seasons, until 1980 when the show was cancelled, as it was winding down, while referring to the feedback she had received for her posters, Carter told US magazine, I never meant to be a sexual object for anyone but my husband. I never thought a picture of my body would be tacked up in mens bathrooms, I hate men looking at me and thinking what they think. And I know what they think and she also was upset with some of the marketing of her image. Warner Bros. worked out a deal with the toy company, Mego, in 1987 on The Late Show with Joan Rivers, Carter commented, I think that youre probably familiar with a problem in Hollywood, and that is that they market you, and they use you. They did a mask of my face and put it on the doll, and then they took my name off and said they didnt have to pay me anymore. So its the kind of thing that you can be used so much in this industry, I dont even make anything from the reruns
Lynda Carter
–
Carter backstage at the 2009 The Heart Truth's Red Dress Collection Fashion Show
Lynda Carter
–
Lynda Carter as
Wonder Woman
18.
Wonder Woman (TV series)
–
Wonder Woman, known from seasons 2-3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr and it originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The shows first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II. The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the changed to The New Adventures of Wonder Woman. Waggoners character was changed to Steve Trevor Jr. the son of his original character, the show had its origins in a November 1975 American television movie entitled The New, Original Wonder Woman starring Carter. It followed a 1974 TV movie entitled Wonder Woman starring actress Cathy Lee Crosby, John D. F. Black wrote and produced the 1974 TV movie. In the 1975 movie, set during World War II and produced by Douglas S. Cramer, baumes, who were working from a script by Stanley Ralph Ross, Lynda Carter starred as Wonder Woman. Its success led the ABC-TV network to two more one-hour episodes which aired in April 1976. That success led ABC to order an additional 11 episodes which the network aired weekly during the first half of the 1976–77 television season, the episodes ran on Wednesday nights between October 1976 and February 1977. Wonder Woman achieved solid ratings on ABC during its first season, Wonder Woman was a period piece, and as such, it was more expensive to produce than a series set in the present day. Also, ABC thought that the 1940s setting limited possible storylines, ABC did not renew the series, so Jerry Lieder, then-president of Warner Bros. Television, went to CBS with the notion of shifting the series to the present-day 1970s, CBS agreed and picked up the show in 1977, and it continued for another two seasons. The first attempt to translate Wonder Woman to the screen occurred in 1967. The success of the Batman TV series led Batman producer William Dozier to commission a pilot script by Stan Hart, Batman writer Stanley Ralph Ross performed a re-write after Hart and Siegels script was deemed unsuitable. A portion of the pilot, under five minutes in length, was filmed as a presentation under the title Whos Afraid of Diana Prince, the piece starred Ellie Wood Walker as Diana Prince, Linda Harrison as Dianas Wonder Woman alter ego, and Maudie Prickett as Dianas mother. Dianas mother insinuates that she is ashamed that her daughter is unmarried and this pilot project was not taken any farther than the test film, which never aired on TV. Wonder Womans first broadcast appearance in television was a movie made in 1974 for ABC. Written by John D. F. Black, the TV movie resembles the Wonder Woman of the I Ching period, the pilot aired originally on March 12,1974 and was repeated on August 21 of that year
Wonder Woman (TV series)
–
Wonder Woman
Wonder Woman (TV series)
–
Cathy Lee Crosby in the first Wonder Woman film
Wonder Woman (TV series)
–
Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman
19.
Josie Maran
–
Josie Maran is an American model, actress, and entrepreneur. Maran was born in Menlo Park, California and she is of Russian Jewish descent on her paternal side. Maran attended Castilleja School, a school in Palo Alto. While she was still in school, Maran was approached by a woman who asked her for a modeling performance in San Francisco. Her first cover was Glamour in 1998, in 1990 an appendectomy left Maran with a noticeable scar that is typically edited out of photos. Signed at age 17 with the Elite modeling agency of Los Angeles, Maran appeared on her first cover with Glamour magazine in 1998, girl in their summer 1998 and fall 1998 campaigns. In 1999, she landed a deal with Maybelline. Maran appeared in the annual Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue for three years, from 2000 to 2002. Marans interest in music led her to play casually in two bands, Darling, with socialite Nicole Richie, and Hollywood 2000, where she sang, in 2001, Maran appeared in an independent film, as title character Mallory in The Mallory Effect. Maran followed this by appearing as Susan in Swatters in 2002, in 2004, she appeared in three films - as a French model in Little Black Book, as one of Draculas brides, Marishka, in Van Helsing, and briefly as a cigarette girl in The Aviator. Maran appeared in a short film The Confession alongside Wentworth Miller in 2005, Maran appeared in the street-racing video game Need for Speed, Most Wanted released in November 2005. She played Mia Townsend, who guides the character through the game. She also voiced the character of Annie in the street-racing PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 game Midnight Club, Maran competed in the 2007 season of Dancing with the Stars, but she and dance partner Alec Mazo were the first couple eliminated. In June 2007, Maran launched her own natural cosmetics product line, the company motto is luxury with a conscience and the main ingredient of the skincare and cosmetics is fair trade argan oil, grown and harvested by co-ops of Moroccan women. Josie Maran cosmetics are sold on QVC and at Sephora, beyond her business activities she commits herself to the protection and improvement of nature and the environment. Maran and her husband, Iranian-American photographer Ali Alborzi, have two daughters, Rumi Joon, born on June 20,2006 and Indi Joon, born on July 1,2012
Josie Maran
–
Josie Maran
20.
Miranda Kerr
–
Miranda May Kerr is an Australian model. Kerr rose to prominence in 2007 as one of the Victorias Secret Angels, Kerr was the first Australian Victorias Secret model and also represented the Australian department store chain David Jones. Kerr has launched her own brand of organic products, KORA Organics. Kerr began modelling in the industry when she was 13. Since 2008, Kerr has consistently ranked on the Forbes list of highest earning models, Kerr was born in Sydney and raised in Gunnedah, New South Wales. She is the daughter of Therese and John Kerr and she has a brother, Matthew, who is two years younger. In an interview, Kerr stated that her ancestry is mostly English with smaller amounts of Scottish, during her childhood, Kerr raced motorbikes and rode horses on her grandmothers farm. She describes her life in the Australian countryside as very grounding. There wasnt any pretentiousness and no one really cared what you were wearing and her family moved to Brisbane to allow Kerr and her brother to experience city life. She graduated from All Hallows School in 2000, Kerr studied nutrition and health psychology before pursuing modelling. At age 13, Kerr entered and won the 1997 annual Dolly magazine/Impulse model competition and she was flown to Sydney a week before her 14th birthday to shoot for the magazine. Upon Kerrs win, local media expressed concerned outrage at her young age, the controversy raised concerns about the glorification of young girls within the fashion, beauty, and entertainment industries. Some media outlets claimed her Dolly shoot constituted a form of paedophilia, of the press, Kerr said, In the media at the time they were trying to cling on to anything remotely to do with paedophilia. Dolly is a magazine for girls, not for old men. They just made something out of nothing, Kerr signed to Chic Managements Sydney division. This increased her profile in the Australian and Asian markets, after which Kerr relocated to New York where she became co-owner of the Bowery Ballroom, in New York, Kerr had a multitude of runway appearances and then signed with NEXT Model Management in early 2004. From there, she was booked for runway and print campaigns for labels, including Alex Perry, Baby Phat, Lisa Ho, Voodoo Dolls, Levis, Bettina Liano, Nicola Finetti, L. A. M. B. Heatherette, Betsey Johnson, Trelise Cooper, Jets, John Richmond, Blumarine Swimwear, Neiman Marcus, Seafolly Swimwear, Anna Molinari, Rock and Republic, Roberto Cavalli, and Ober Jeans
Miranda Kerr
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Miranda Kerr in February 2012
Miranda Kerr
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Kerr at the David Jones AW13 Fashion Launch, February 2013
21.
Sarah Michelle Gellar
–
Sarah Michelle Prinze is an American actress, producer, and entrepreneur. After being spotted by an agent at the age of four in New York City, Gellar went on to appear in numerous television series and commercials. Her first leading part was in the 1992 miniseries Swans Crossing, the character was widely popular during the airing of the show and became recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in U. S. television. Gellar also gained significant attention for her appearances in the slasher movies I Know What You Did Last Summer and Scream 2 and she appeared as Daphne Blake in Scooby-Doo, her biggest live action commercial success. She subsequently appeared in smaller movies such as The Return and Southland Tales. Her later film credits include The Air I Breathe, Possession and she headlined the short lived television series Ringer and The Crazy Ones, which co-starred Robin Williams. In October 2015, Gellar co-founded Foodstirs, a food crafting brand, Gellar was born in New York City. She is the child of Rosellen, a nursery school teacher, and Arthur Gellar. Both of her parents were Jewish, though Gellars family also had a Christmas tree during her childhood, in 1984, when she was seven, her parents divorced and she was raised by her mother on the citys Upper East Side. Im not being deliberately evasive about him, its just that theres so little to say, besides being a working child at the time, Gellar was a competitive figure skater, finishing in third place at the New York State regional competition. She also placed fourth at a Tae Kwon Do competition at Madison Square Garden, Gellar was given a partial scholarship to study at the Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School, as her mother was not able to pay full tuition, for which she was constantly bullied. She said in an interview with The Independent, I was different and thats the one thing you cant be at school, I didnt have the money these kids had. I was telling them that I had back problems and had to go to the doctor the whole time, Gellar then briefly attended the Fiorello H. Gellar graduated from the Professional Childrens School, in 1994 as a straight A student with a 4.0 grade average. As Gellar spent significant time working on All My Children while trying to graduate, at the age of four, she was spotted by an agent in a restaurant in Upper Manhattan. Two weeks later, she auditioned for a part in the television film An Invasion of Privacy, with Valerie Harper, Carol Kane, at the audition, Gellar read both her own lines and those of Harper, impressing the directors enough to cast her in the role. The film aired on CBS in January 1983 and she subsequently appeared in a controversial television commercial for Burger King, in which her character criticized McDonalds and claimed to eat only at Burger King. The ad led to a lawsuit by McDonalds, naming Gellar and banning her from eating at the chain, she recalled in a 2004 interview. It was tough because, when you’re a little kid, McDonald’s is where all your friends have their birthday parties, while growing up, Gellar also worked as a model for Wilhemina and acted in numerous television commercials
Sarah Michelle Gellar
–
Gellar at the 2011
San Diego Comic Con International
Sarah Michelle Gellar
–
Gellar at the premiere of The Grudge in
Los Angeles, CA. on October 12, 2004.
Sarah Michelle Gellar
–
Gellar at the
69th Golden Globe Awards ceremony, on January 15, 2012.
Sarah Michelle Gellar
–
Gellar with her husband
Freddie Prinze, Jr. at the 2007
Tribeca Film Festival.
22.
Melina Kanakaredes
–
Melina Eleni Kanakaredes Constantinides is an American actress. Kanakaredes was born in Akron, Ohio, the daughter of Connie, a company owner, and Harry Kanakaredes. She is a second-generation Greek-American and speaks Greek and her two maternal uncles own and run a candy store in Akron called Temos Candy Company, a chocolate store established in its current location by Kanakaredess grandfather, Christ Temo. At age 8, Kanakaredes made her debut in a production of Tom Sawyer at Weathervane Playhouse in Akron. She graduated from the Firestone High School in Akron and she graduated from Point Park in 1989 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in theater arts. Kanakaredess first television role was on the daytime drama Guiding Light and she was nominated twice for a Daytime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Eleni. Her most high-profile roles on television were as the series protagonist Dr. Sydney Hansen on Providence, stella Bonasera on the CBS drama series CSI, NY. Kanakaredes left CSI, NY in 2010, after six seasons on the program and her other television credits include NYPD Blue, Due South, Oz, The Practice, MTVs The Ben Stiller Show, and a Hallmark Hall of Fame adaptation of the Anne Tyler novel Saint Maybe. Kanakaredess film appearances include The Long Kiss Goodnight as Trin and 15 Minutes as Nicolette Karas and she was considered for the lead role in My Big Fat Greek Wedding but had to turn it down due to her pregnancy. She played the role of the Greek Goddess Athena in Percy Jackson, Kanakaredes married Peter Constantinides on September 6,1992. Together, they have two daughters, Zoe and Karina Eleni and she and her husband, a former restaurant consultant, owned the Tria Greek Kuzina in Powell, Ohio, but it has since closed. List of Greek Americans Melina Kanakaredes at the Internet Movie Database CSI, NY cast member biography at CBS
Melina Kanakaredes
–
Kanakaredes in
Ohio, 2009
23.
Zhang Ziyi
–
Zhang Ziyi is a Chinese actress and model. She is considered one of the Four Dan Actresses of China and her first major role was in The Road Home. She later achieved fame for her role in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Zhang is known for being a Yimou Girl, as she frequently collaborated with director Zhang Yimou. Zhang is best known for her appearances in Rush Hour 2, Hero, House of Flying Daggers,2046, from 2004 to 2010, Zhang ranked in the Top 5 of Forbes China Celebrity 100 list every year. In 2008, she was awarded with the Outstanding Contribution to Chinese Cinema award at the 11th Shanghai International Film Festival, in 2013, she received the French Cultural Order at the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Awards. Zhang was born and raised in Beijing, China and her parents are Zhang Yuanxiao, an accountant and later economist, and Li Zhousheng, a kindergarten teacher. She is very close to her brother, Zhang Zinan. Zhang began studying dance when she was 8 years old, subsequently, while at this boarding school, she noticed how mean the other girls were to each other while competing for status amongst the teachers. Zhang disliked the attitudes of her peers and teachers so much that, on one occasion, at the age of 15, Zhang won the national youth dance championship and began appearing in television commercials in Hong Kong. In 1996, Zhang entered the prestigious Central Academy of Drama in Beijing at the age of 17, Zhang plays a country girl who was in love with her teacher, and won the Best Actress Award at the 2000 Hundred Flowers Awards for her performance. She rose to fame in 2000 with her role as Jen in martial arts film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. The movies success in the US and Europe helped her break into Hollywood, Zhang then appeared in her first American film, Rush Hour 2. In 2002, Zhang co-starred in Hero alongside Tony Leung, directed by her early mentor Zhang Yimou, the film was a huge success in the English-speaking world and was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe award in the category of Best Foreign Language Film. She then signed on to film a drama film Purple Butterfly. Zhang went back to the martial arts genre in House of Flying Daggers, again by Zhang Yimou and she plays the blind dancing girl Mei, who despite the lack of eyesight, is a skilled fighter. In preparation for the part, Zhang spent two months living with a blind girl. Her performance earned her a Best Actress nomination at the BAFTA Awards and she also featured on the House of Flying Daggers soundtrack with her own musical rendition of the ancient Chinese poem Jia Rén Qu. Zhang next starred in Wong Kar-wais romantic drama film 2046, which featured many top Chinese actors, Critics praise Zhang for her expressive body language that was combined with her reserved and complex emotions in performance as a struggling prostitute
Zhang Ziyi
–
Ziyi Zhang in 2014 at the
Cabourg Film Festival.
Zhang Ziyi
–
Zhang and
Tony Leung at the premiere of The Grandmaster at the 2013 Berlin International Film Festival
Zhang Ziyi
–
Advertising billboard in Hong Kong of Zhang Ziyi fronting
Omega SA watches
24.
Siti Nurhaliza
–
Dato, or occasionally Datin Sri, Siti Nurhaliza binti Tarudin DIMP, JSM, SAP, PMP, AAP is a Malaysian singer and businesswoman. Since her debut, she has won a number of singing competitions. She was crowned as Voice of Asia in 2002 after winning the Grand Prix Champion title at the Voice of Asia singing competition which was held in Almaty, Kazakhstan. A few years earlier, in 1999 she won the Gold Award in Asia New Singer Competition at Shanghai Asia Music Festival, held in Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China. Also, in the year, she won two awards from South Pacific International Song and Singing Competition 1999 held in Gold Coast, Queensland. To date, she has garnered more than 200 local awards as well as international awards and her first single from her debut album, Jerat Percintaan, won the 11th Anugerah Juara Lagu and another two awards for Best Performance and Best Ballad. The album itself as of 2005, has sold to a total of more than 800,000 units in Malaysia alone. In her career she has recorded and sung in languages, including Bahasa Malaysia, Basa Jawa, English, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu. Currently, she has listed as one of Malaysias richest, most-influential, most award-winning. Shes also one of Malaysias best selling artists, for in 2000, to date, she has sold more than 4.9 million in record sales. In 2005, she became the first Southeast Asian singer, in 2005 also, she was listed second by MTV Asia in Asias Best Musical Artiste and Channel Vs Biggest Asian Artiste. In 2008, she was named as one of Asias Idol by Asia News Network and her success in the Asian region has gained her honorific titles including Voice of Asia and Asias Celine Dion. She comes from a musically inclined family, her brother, Saiful Bahri Tarudin and her grandfather was a famous violinist, and her mother was a local traditional singer. During her childhood, she was involved in school activities, including sports. She later attended school at Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Clifford and followed up her secondary education at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Clifford, Kuala Lipis. In 1991, when she was 12 years old, she won one of her earliest singing competitions, with the song Bahtera Merdeka at the Merdeka Day Singing Contest, a local patriotic song competition. She was also chosen as one the torch bearers to light the games of the Fiesta and she commented that all the hardships have not only helped her to be more frugal when spending, but also to be more confident when communicating with the public. She also said that the experience has helped to improve her vocal skills when she has to shout to call for customers attentions
Siti Nurhaliza
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Siti Nurhaliza attending the wedding of
Khairul Fahmi Che Mat on 13 January 2013 at Hotel The Royale Bintang, Damansara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Siti Nurhaliza
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Siti Nurhaliza attending the red carpet ceremony of the MTV Asia Aid 2005 in Bangkok on 3 February 2005.
Siti Nurhaliza
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Siti Nurhaliza (in white) with fellow Malaysian singers during Konsert Suara Hati
Sudirman Arshad in 2007.
Siti Nurhaliza
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Siti Nurhaliza performing as the opening act for the Kuala Lumpur International Film Festival 2008.
25.
Sheetal Mallar
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Sheetal Mallar is an Indian fashion model from Mumbai. She is now also a contemporary Indian photographer and she won the Femina Look of the Year and the Elite Look of the Year in 1994. Mallar was born in Mumbai, India and her parents hail from Padubidri, Mangalore, and her father is a lawyer. She went to Canossa Convent, Mumbai, pursued her B. Com at Sydenham College, Mumbai, mallars first shoot was for Danabhai Jewellers. She was placed among the 12 finalists in the Elite Supermodel Contest held in 1994 and worked for Armani and she is the face of Maybelline cosmetics. Mallar was married to Italian tennis player Mosé Navarra for three years
Sheetal Mallar
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Sheetal Mallar
26.
Julia Stegner
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Julia Stegner is a German model. For seven years she was a model, appearing in commercials and childrens catalogs. In high school she discovered a passion for playing basketball, being 180 cm tall by that time, she was naturally fit for the sport, her classmates even called her Beanpole because of her towering height. Shortly before her 15th birthday, while celebrating Oktoberfest in her hometown, tilla Lindig, a Munich and London based couture label as well as designer of happycoat of which Claudia Schiffer is equally a fan, first booked her. Although planning to study accounting when she left school, Stegner moved to Paris to pursue modeling afterwards instead. In Paris, she made her first major appearance, for Elle magazine. She was eventually signed by Supreme Management and, within four months, in 2003, she did Strenesse and Sportmax campaigns, among others and appeared on the cover of Vogue. By the summer 2004, she had done advertisement work for Celine, Yves Saint Laurent, Dolce & Gabbana, Ralph Lauren and she also has been the Hugo Boss house model for several seasons. Stegner has appeared in a 2005 campaign for French fashion house Chloé and shows such as Anna Sui, Shiatzy Chen, Lanvin, Gucci, Versace and she also appeared in the 2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010, and 2011 Victorias Secret Fashion Shows. She also modeled for the 2005 Pirelli Calendar, where she appeared half-nude, Stegner has done print and runway work for the fur industry, wearing fur clothing for American Legend Minks and others. She has been the face of Aquascutum, Guerlain KissKiss, Hugo Boss Eyewear and the Hugo Boss perfume, in 2008, she became a face of Maybelline and Gianfranco Ferré. In 2009 she became the new face of Mercedes Benz advertising, as of July 2011, she ranks No.17 on The Money Girls at www. models. com She usually rides a bicycle. Julia Stegners - official website Julia Stegner at the Fashion Model Directory Julias profile at Storm Models Julia Stegner at Style. com Julia at Askmen. com Interview at models. com
Julia Stegner
–
Julia Stegner exits the Bryant Park tents during the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week show, 9 September 2007.
27.
Jessica White
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Jessica White is an American model. White was born and raised in Buffalo, New York, at the age of 12, White was scouted in her hometown of Buffalo, New York, and had gone to Personal Best modeling school at age sixteen. After modeling for one week, her first job was an editorial for Vogue after meeting Anna Wintour, in Paris, she signed a contract with the IMG agency. She has modeled for Sports Illustrated and she has also modeled for Joanne Gairs body painting works in these editions. In 2006, White had a role in Big Mommas House 2 and has appeared in music videos for Big & Rich, singer John Legend, rapper Jay-Z, Robin Thicke. In 2008 she appeared in The Young and the Restless, on October 14,2009, White appeared on Americas Next Top Model. As of 2016, White is part of the cast of a new series from E. network named Famously Single which premiered on June 14, in the US. She filmed her own docu-series on Oxygen, launched a skin care line, and worked on her womens philanthropic organization, in October 2010, White was arrested for assaulting a woman in New York City. White has given interviews about her addiction and her mental illness. She used cocaine to cope with the problems her mother had and she overdosed on cocaine at 20. She is now off cocaine and considers her mother to be her best friend, as a child she witnessed violence and was molested by a family member. She looks to modeling as her savior saying to leave and travel to Paris and New York when I could finally relax, Jessica White at the Fashion Model Directory Jessica White at the Internet Movie Database Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Collection, Jessica White
Jessica White
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White at Jacob's Cure 'Dream Big!' Annual Gala 2012
28.
Kristin Davis
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Kristin Landen Davis is an American actress. She is known for playing Brooke Armstrong on the soap opera Melrose Place, and Charlotte York Goldenblatt on HBOs Sex and the City. She received a 2004 Emmy Award nomination for her role as Charlotte, and reprised the role in the films, Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2. Davis made her Broadway debut playing Mabel Cantwell in the 2012 revival of The Best Man, Davis was born in Boulder, Colorado. She is a child, and her parents divorced when she was a baby. She was adopted by her stepfather, then-University of Colorado Boulder professor Keith Davis, after he married her mother, Dorothy and she has three sisters from her fathers first marriage. Early in her childhood, she and her parents moved to Columbia, South Carolina, Davis wanted to be an actress from the age of 9, when she was cast in the Workshop Theatre production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Davis lived in South Carolina until she graduated from A. C. Flora High School in 1983 and she then moved to New Jersey, where she attended Rutgers University. Davis graduated with a BFA degree in Acting from Rutgers Universitys Mason Gross School of the Arts in 1987, after graduation in 1987, Davis moved to New York and waited tables before opening a yoga studio with a friend. In 1991, she acted in a couple of episodes of the daytime drama General Hospital and her big break came in 1995 when she landed the role of villainess Brooke Armstrong Campbell on the nighttime drama Melrose Place. She left the show one year when producers decided to kill off the character. Davis also had roles in television series including Friends, Will and Grace. In 1998, Davis was cast as Charlotte York in Sex and she received an Emmy nomination for her role as Charlotte in the final season. Davis hosted the VH1 show 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons, in 2005, she starred in a television pilot entitled Soccer Moms in which she and Gina Torres star as suburban mothers who moonlight as private detectives. She performed in ABC Family channels Christmas movie Three Days in 2001, Davis appeared in 2008s Sex and the City feature film, under the direction of executive producer Michael Patrick King. In 2009, Davis co-starred in Couples Retreat, a comedy chronicling four couples who partake in therapy sessions at an island resort. Jon Favreau, who also co-wrote the script, played her husband, Davis made her Broadway debut in July 2012, when she replaced Kerry Butler in the revival of Gore Vidals The Best Man at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre. She made her West End debut playing Beth Gallagher in Fatal Attraction at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, Davis is a Global Ambassador for Oxfam, and has campaigned in support of their work since 2004, travelling to locations including Haiti, Mozambique, and South Africa
Kristin Davis
–
Kristin Davis in 2014
Kristin Davis
–
Oxfam Ambassador Davis visits
Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya
29.
Adriana Lima
–
Lima is currently ranked by Models. com as one of the New Supers in the fashion industry. Since 2014, Lima has been the worlds second highest-paid model, in 2012, she came in 4th on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $7.3 million in one year. In 2013, she came in 3rd place and in 2014 she came in 2nd place with earnings of $8 million, in 2015, she came in 2nd place with earnings of $9 million. In 2016, she kept the 2nd place with earnings of $10.5 million, Lima is the current brand ambassador for the Barcelona-based clothing brand Desigual, and for the Beachwear collection of Italian brand Calzedonia. Lima was born in June 12,1981 in Salvador, Brazil, the surname Lima is of Portuguese origin. Many sources state that Francesca is her name, but Lima herself denied this in an interview to W Radio Colombia in 2010. Her parents are Nelson Torres and Maria das Graças Lima, a social worker and her father left the family when she was six months old, and Lima was raised only by her mother. About her ethnicity, Lima identifies herself as Afro-Brazilian and stated that she is of Indigenous, Swiss, African, Japanese, Lima speaks four languages, her native Portuguese, English, Italian and Spanish. Lima never thought about being a model, although she had won many beauty pageants in elementary school, however, a friend at school who wanted to enter a modeling contest and did not want to enter alone, so Lima entered with her. Both sent in pictures, and the contest sponsor soon asked Lima to come out for the competition, soon after, at the age of 15, she entered and finished in first place in Fords Supermodel of Brazil model search. She subsequently entered the 1996 Ford Models Supermodel of the World contest, three years later, Lima moved to New York City and signed with Elite Model Management. After acquiring representation, Limas modeling portfolio quickly began to expand and her first magazine cover was Marie Claire Brazil in September 1998. Her first Vogue cover was the Italian Vogue Gioiello in September 2000, as a runway model, she has walked the catwalk for designers such as Rosa Cha, Blue man, Fashions Night Out, Caio Gobbi, Fause Haten, M. Lima became a GUESS. Girl in 2000, appearing in that years fall ad campaign and she also appeared in the book A Second Decade of Guess. Lima has also worked for notable fashion brands bebe, Armani, Versace, De Beers, Elie Saab, Colcci, Schiaparelli, Prada, Intimissimi, GUESS. Loewe, H&M, Bulgari, Miu Miu, Donna Karan, Emporio Armani, Givenchy, Keds, Mossimo, Jason Wu, Balmain, Blumarine, Marc Jacobs, Maybelline, BCBG and her April 2006 GQ cover was the highest-selling issue of that magazine for the year. It was also one of the all-time best selling issues of the publication, the magazine named her The Worlds Most Voluptuous Virgin. In 2006, Lima ranked as the fifth highest paid supermodel, in 2007 and 2008, she ranked as the worlds fourth highest paid supermodel by Forbes Magazine
Adriana Lima
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Lima in 2015, at the
Cannes International Film Festival
Adriana Lima
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Lima in 2007
Adriana Lima
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Victoria's Secret Angels Lima (left),
Marisa Miller and
Selita Ebanks ride in the
Guantanamo Bay Christmas Parade Dec 1, 2007 in a
Cadillac Eldorado
Adriana Lima
–
Adriana Lima with the 2010 Fantasy Bra.
30.
Christy Turlington
–
Christy Nicole Turlington Burns is an American supermodel. She first represented Calvin Kleins Eternity campaign in 1989 and again in 2014, Turlington was named one of Glamours Women of the Year in 2013, and was named as one of Times 100 Most Influential People of 2014. Turlington gained fame in the late 80s and early 90s as a supermodel and was during the peak of her career a top designer favourite and she, Naomi Campbell and Linda Evangelista are called the Trinity because of the power and fame that all three gained. In 2010, Turlington founded Every Mother Counts, a non-profit 501 organization dedicated to making pregnancy, Every Mother Counts informs, engages, and mobilizes new audiences to take actions and raise funds that support maternal health programs around the world. It was founded after the completion of Turlingtons documentary, No Woman, No Cry, a film about pregnant women and their caregivers in Tanzania, Bangladesh, Guatemala, and the United States. She was discovered by local photographer Dennie Cody while she was riding a horse in Miami, Florida, Turlington began modeling after school from age 14 to 16 and during summers while she attended Monte Vista High School. After turning 18, she moved to New York City to model full-time and she continued her studies at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. During the 1990s, she appeared in Unzipped, a documentary about fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi, additionally, she was featured in Catwalk, a documentary about her life on the fashion runways by director Robert Leacock. She was presented on the November 1999 Millennium cover of American Vogue as one of the Modern Muses. Turlington graced the cover of international fashion magazines across the globe, including Vogue, Harpers Bazaar, Elle, Marie Claire, LOfficiel, Tatler, Glamour, Cosmopolitan. She also appeared in two music videos, fellow model Yasmin Le Bon got her husband Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran to feature Turlington in their Notorious video in 1986, at the age of 17. In 1990, singer George Michael drew inspiration from Peter Lindberghs January 1990 British Vogue cover for his Freedom, the video featured all top 5 female models along with their top 5 male counterparts, lip-syncing the song. The video was shown during George Michaels 2008 concert tour while he sang and she was added on as the fourth model investor, after Elle Macpherson, Naomi Campbell and Claudia Schiffer of the now defunct Fashion Cafes. In 1993 she posed nude for PETAs anti-fur campaign, in honor of Turlingtons fortieth birthday, W magazine put together a collection of notable images from her career, from runway shots from the late eighties to today. In 2008, casting agent James Scully said in regards to Turlington, Turlington was one of the faces to land in one of the fourteen covers of V magazine September 2008 issue. Each cover boasts a head shot of a model, either from the new crop of leading models or the supermodel era, it was lensed by duo Inez van Lamsweerde. She featured in the Bally spring/summer 2009 campaign alongside Oriol Elcacho and she has contributed writings to Marie Claire, Yoga Journal, and Teen Vogue along with contributions to the Huffington Post, Canada’s Globe and Mail, and the UK’s Evening Standard. In 2005 Turlington began working with the humanitarian organization CARE and has since become their Advocate for Maternal Health
Christy Turlington
–
Turlington in 2008
Christy Turlington
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Christy Turlington posing for PETA. The series of ads triggered criticism from feminist animal rights advocates.
Christy Turlington
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Christy Turlington and husband Edward Burns
31.
Kemp Muhl
–
Charlotte Kemp Muhl is an American model, singer, and musician from Atlanta, Georgia. Modeling since the age of 13, Kemp Muhl at 16 years old became the youngest model to appear on the cover of Britain’s Harpers, Lennon and Kemp Muhl are involved in a musical project, titled The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger. The couple has formed the record company Chimera Music. Kemp Muhl has another project she has formed with longtime friend Eden Rice, called Kemp. Kemp and Eden have recently signed up under the independent label River Jones Music. They have an LP, Black Lace Hole, released in 2012, Kemp Muhl has stated on a number of occasions that she uses much of the funds she earns from her lucrative modeling career to fund and produce her music. Kemp Muhl has a modeling career, and has been featured in campaigns for Tommy Hilfiger, Sisley, D&G, Donna Karan, Maybelline, Swarovski. She has worked with Ellen Von Unwerth, Terry Richardson, Greg Kadel, Gilles Bensimon, from 2002-2005, Kemp Muhl was the spokesmodel of Vidal Sassoon in Asia, appearing in commercials and films across the continent. Charlotte sang background vocals as well, in an interview, Lennon states he stumbled upon Kemp Muhls musical talents over a year after they had started dating. Kemp Muhl and Lennon are involved in a number of musical endeavours, Kemp Muhl at the Fashion Model Directory http, //www. chimeramusic. com
Kemp Muhl
–
Charlotte Kemp Muhl
Kemp Muhl
–
Kemp Muhl and Eden Rice performing at
The Living Room
32.
Beatriz Shantal
–
Beatriz Shantal is a Mexican actress, singer, and model. She began her career as an actress on the telenovela Rubí Beatriz then joined the cast of Rebelde as Paula/Paola and she has also acted in Verano de Amor, Zacatillo, and Eva Luna, and has taken roles in the musicals Rent and El Diluvio que viene. She has modelled for Calvin Klein, Cover Girl México, and she has also released three records, Desde que te vi, Sal en el Café, and No Calles Más, and Beatriz was nominated for the Latin Grammy 2011. She survived a crash on 11 April 2013
Beatriz Shantal
–
Beatriz shantal
33.
Jourdan Dunn
–
Jourdan Sherise Dunn is an English fashion model. She was discovered in Hammersmith Primark in 2006 and signed to Storm Model Management in London shortly thereafter and she began appearing on international runways in early 2007. In February 2008, she was the first black model to walk a Prada runway in over a decade, in April 2014, it was announced that Dunn was signed as the new face of Maybelline New York. As of July 2014, she was declared an icon by models. com, in 2014, Forbes listed Dunn in their top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $4 million in one year. She was the first black British model to make the list and she appeared on the February cover of British Vogue in 2015, becoming the first solo black model to grace the cover in 12 years. Dunn is a part of an elite group of modern day models considered to be this generations supermodels. Jourdan Dunn was born in the West London suburb of Greenford, where she grew up with her mother, a receptionist of Jamaican heritage and she admitted to being self-conscious as a teenager, due to her height and weight. She stated growing up, people would tell her she should become a model. She commented that shows like Americas Next Top Model intrigued her, in early 2006, at the age of 15, she was scouted by an agent from Storm Model Management, while accompanying a friend in a London Primark. At the age of 16, Dunn made her debut in the New York shows in the autumn of 2007, walking in shows for Marc Jacobs and Polo Ralph Lauren. Soon after, she rose to prominence within the industry. In 2007, she was featured on British Vogue as a new star and she also walked 75 shows during the spring/summer 2008 season, including Louis Vuitton and Valentino. Dunn has since become a fixture on runways, having walked for the industrys biggest designers. She was often distinguished for being the black model in shows. She has garnered attention for her legs and for her walk which she says she practises frequently with very tall heels, in July 2008, Steven Meisel selected Dunn to appear on the cover of the Vogue Italia issue devoted entirely to black models. The issue sparked controversy as Dunn, who was 18 at the time, teen Vogue faced backlash from the media, who accused them of glorifying teenage pregnancy. She continued to model until she was six months pregnant and couldnt fit into any of the clothes, notably walking the catwalk for the Spring 2010 Jean Paul Gaultier show, with a baby bump. At the age of 19, ten weeks after giving birth, I think he pushed me in the right direction
Jourdan Dunn
–
Dunn in 2014.
Jourdan Dunn
–
London 2012 Models (1)
34.
Gigi Hadid
–
Gigi Hadid is an American fashion model. She was signed to IMG Models in 2013, in November 2014, Hadid made her debut in the Top 50 Models ranking at Models. com. In 2016, she was named International Model of the Year by the British Fashion Council, Gigi Hadid was born and raised in Los Angeles to real estate developer Mohamed Hadid and former model Yolanda Hadid. Her mother is a Dutch-born American, and her father is Palestinian-American, through her father she descends from Daher Al Omer, Prince of Nazareth and the Sheikh of Galilee. Hadid has two siblings, a sister, Bella, and a brother, Anwar, both of whom are also models. She has two older, paternal half-sisters, Marielle and Alana, following her parents divorce, her mother married music producer David Foster, through whom she has five stepsisters. In 2013, Hadid graduated from Malibu High School, where she was captain of the varsity team as well as a competitive horseback rider. Following high school, she moved to New York City to focus on her studies, Hadid studied criminal psychology at The New School beginning in the fall 2013 but suspended her studies to focus on her modelling career. Hadids modelling career began when she was two years old after being discovered by Paul Marciano, of Guess clothing and she started modelling with Baby Guess before stopping to concentrate on school. Hadid eventually returned to modeling, in 2011 and she resumed working with Marciano, and was named the face of a Guess campaign in 2012. Hadid has shot three campaigns with Guess as an adult, after moving to New York City and signing to IMG Models in 2013, Hadid made her New York Fashion Week debut in February 2014 walking for Desiguals show. In the same month she got her break in high fashion on the cover of CR Fashion Book magazine, on July 15,2014, she starred alongside actor and model Patrick Schwarzenegger in fashion designer Tom Fords Eyewear autumn/winter campaign. She co-hosted the Daily Front Rows Fashion Media Awards event that was held in New York City on September 5,2014, Hadid has also starred in campaigns for Tom Ford F/W2014, Tom Ford Velvet Orchard Fragrance and Tom Ford Beauty 2014. She was on the cover of Galore magazine and Carine Roitfelds CR Fashion Book in 2014, Hadid appeared in the 2015 Pirelli calendar. In January 2015, she was named the Daily Front Rows Model of the Year, in February 2015, Hadid became the first ever model to cover the CR Fashion Book twice. By May 2015, Hadid had walked for designers including, Marc Jacobs, Chanel, Michael Kors, Jean Paul Gaultier, and Max Mara. Hadids sister Bella is also a model, and the two sisters have been featured together in some modelling appearances including a shoot for V magazine in June 2015. In December 2015, she made her first appearance in the Victorias Secret Fashion Show, Hadid has appeared on magazine covers including Vogue, Schön
Gigi Hadid
–
Hadid in Sydney to celebrate the launch of the Guess Spring, August 2015
35.
Slogan
–
The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
Slogan
–
In 1995,
FDA's assertion of authority to regulate
tobacco drew heavy opposition from the tobacco community, which erupted into lawsuits and slogans urging "Keep FDA Off the Farm."
36.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
–
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president. A nonprofit corporation with 300 employees, it claims that it has 3 million members and supporters and is the largest animal group in the world. Its slogan is animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, today it focuses on four core issues—opposition to factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and animals in entertainment. It also campaigns against eating meat, fishing, the killing of animals regarded as pests, the keeping of chained backyard dogs, cock fighting, dog fighting, the group has been the focus of controversy, both inside and outside the animal rights movement. Newkirk told Salon in 2001 that PETA works toward the ideal, no one, she says, is being exploited. Sexual attraction is a fact of life, and if it can advance the animals cause, Newkirks view is that PETA has a duty to be press sluts. She argues, It is our obligation and we would be worthless if we were just polite and didnt make any waves. Newkirk was born in England in 1949, and raised in Hertfordshire and later New Delhi, India, Newkirk, now an atheist, was educated in a convent, the only British girl there. She became an officer for Montgomery County and then the District of Columbias first woman poundmaster. By 1976, she was head of the division of D. C. s Commission on Public Health. Or I would say, They are stepping on the animals, crushing them like grapes, in the end, I would go to work early, before anyone got there, and I would just kill the animals myself. Because I couldnt stand to let go through that. I must have killed a thousand of them, sometimes every day. Some of those people would take pleasure in making them suffer, driving home every night, I would cry just thinking about it. And I just felt, to my bones, this cannot be right, in 1980, she divorced Steve Newkirk, whom she had married when she was 19, and the same year met Alex Pacheco, a political major at George Washington University. Pacheco had studied for the priesthood, then worked as a member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Societys first ship. It just didnt sound great to me, he told The Los Angeles Times in 1992, I had been active in Europe. And I thought there were just too many formalities, I thought we should just do things ourselves
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
–
Ingrid Newkirk
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
–
Alex Pacheco
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
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PETA distributed images of the monkeys with the caption, "This is
vivisection. Don't let anyone tell you different."
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
–
Along with Newkirk,
Dan Mathews (above) is one of PETA's key players.
37.
Jim Markham
–
Jim Markham is an American hair stylist. He is the founder of four hair care companies– Markham, ABBA Pure and Natural, Pureology Serious Colour Care and he was also Jay Sebrings protege and successor of Sebring International. Markham was born in Houston, Texas, the youngest of three children, and raised in Farmington, New Mexico, by the age of 15 he was married with a child and had dropped out of high school as a means to support his family. He attended Lubbock Barber School in Lubbock, Texas, and became a hair stylist at the age of 16. Markham began his career as a barber in Farmington, New Mexico and he began entering hair cutting and styling competitions, winning numerous awards including the Silver Medal in the Hair Olympics. In 1966, Markham went to Hollywood to meet Jay Sebring, later in 1966, Markham opened a Sebring franchise in Albuquerque, New Mexico distributing the Sebring Product Line in four states, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas and Utah. Later, he became a developer and entrepreneur. In 1972, Markham, with the help of investors including British actor Peter Lawford founded Markham Products, Markham sold Markham Products in 1981. In 1989 Markham founded ABBA Pure and Natural Hair Care, the brand started with four products and was one of the first 100% Vegan lines in the United States. The company was founded in 2001 in Irvine, California, within 3 years of its inception, PureOlogy passed the $25 million mark in sales. On May 8,2007, PureOlogy was acquired by LOréal under the professional products division, in 2011, Markham founded ColorProof Evolved Color Care. In addition to his career in the beauty industry, Markham also supports philanthropic causes, a Colorful Deal, LOreal Buys Salon Hair Care Brand PureOlogy WWD. com 2007-05-10
Jim Markham
–
Jim Markham, American Hair Stylist and founder of 4 hair care companies
38.
Shu Uemura
–
Shu Uemura was a Japanese make-up artist and founder of the cosmetics line which bears his name. A native of Tokyo, Shu Uemura reportedly first became interested in hairstyling and he enrolled at the Tokyo Beauty Academy, becoming the only male student in a class of 130 pupils. His first experience in film make-up occurred during the filming of 1957s Joe Butterfly, Uemura left Japan in the late 1950s to try to break into the film and television make-up business. Uemuras big break came on the set of the 1962 film, the films regular make up artist fell ill and Uemura, who was working as a Hollywood beautician at the time, was called in to fill in for the sick artist. Uemura gained critical acclaim for transforming actress Shirley MacLaine, a Caucasian and he received praise from both My Geishas filmmakers and its cast, including MacLaine. He soon became one of Hollywoods favorite artists and he began working with well-known Hollywood personalities, usually as a make-up artist apprentice, including Edward G. Robinson, Frank Sinatra, and Lucille Ball. Among his notable work was on Frank Sinatras 1965 film, None. Uemura developed and launched his first cosmetics product in 1960 and his product was a cleansing oil, which left the skin cleaner than soap and also acted as a moisturizer. His cleansing oil remains popular in Japan today, Uemura developed a make-up philosophy that the health of his customers skin should be the most important aspect of cosmetics. He also believed in enhancing a subjects natural beauty, not artificially creating it using cosmetic products, Uemura returned to Japan in 1964 and opened the Shu Uemura makeup school, which taught make-up techniques which he learned in Hollywood. He founded a company called Japan Makeup in 1967 and opened its first boutique store in Tokyos trendy Omotesando district. He officially changed the name of his company to Shu Uemura Cosmetics in 1983, Uemuras company was able to take advantage of Japans booming economy and taste for Western products during the 1980s. In the process, Shu Uemura Cosmetics became a force in the domestic Japanese. Shu Uemura sold his controlling interest in his company to French cosmetics maker LOréal in 2004 for an amount of money. However, he remained the creative force behind Shu Uemura Cosmetics after the sale and it was estimated that as of early 2008, Shu Uemura Cosmetics made approximately $100 million a year in global sales at its stores worldwide. At the time of his death, the company had stores in Paris, New York City, London and Hong Kong, the companys product line has expanded over the years to include hair and lifestyle products, perfume, fake eyelashes and handmade makeup brushes. In the process, the Uemuras company became a force in some circles. Shu Uemuras eyelash curlers were even mentioned in the 2006 film, Uemura personally demonstrated his make-up techniques to the public twice a year
Shu Uemura
–
Shu Uemura Store at
Rockwell Center,
Makati City,
Philippines
39.
Garnier
–
Garnier is a mass market cosmetics brand of French cosmetics company LOréal. It produces hair care and skin care products, the company started as Laboratoires Garnier in 1904, and was acquired by LOréal in the 1970s. Garnier is sold in countries worldwide, with specific product lines targeted for different skin types and cultures. In 2011, Garnier partnered with TerraCycle to promote upcycling of product containers, Garnier hair care and skin care products is one of the highest luxury brands used in Asia, China, Japan & India. In 2014 however, Garnier was ranked 83rd among Indias most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company
Garnier
–
Garnier
40.
Guy Laroche
–
Guy Laroche was a French fashion designer and founder of the eponymous company. Laroche began his career in millinery and, from 1949, Laroche worked for Jean Dessès, in 1955, he visited the U. S. to investigate new ready-to-wear manufacturing methods. 1956 or 1957, he founded an atelier at 37 avenue Franklin Roosevelt. In his first collection that was received, he reintroduced vibrant colors such as pink, orange, coral, topaz. His clothes also featured plunging neck and back lines, traditional elegant color combinations remained a staple in his designs as well. Known as being humble and gracious—as opposed to the haughty nature of most Parisian designers—he designed haute-couture, for the American market, he was one of the first to create separates. An example, a jacket to a three-piece woolen suit of black, the rest of the suit is solid black, a skirt of the same material and a silk blouse. In 1961, he moved to quarters, a townhouse at 29 avenue Montaigne, Paris, opened a boutique there. In 1966, Laroche introduced Fidji, his first women’s fragrance, designed mens ready-to-wear, and opened the Guy Laroche Monsieur boutique. He created other fragrances, such as,1972 Drakkar 1977 Jai Osé1982 Drakkar Noir 1986 Clandestine 1993 Horizon 1999 Drakkar Dynamik Laroche died in Paris on 17 February 1989, in November 2007, Franco-Swedish designer Marcel Marongiu took over as Artistic Director of Guy Laroche. Marcel Marongiu completed his third successful runway show with the AU/WI2009 Collection, interview with Fashion Designer Michel Klein, Label France magazine, No. 23, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France IMDB biography page Guy Laroche at the Fashion Model Directory
Guy Laroche
–
Guy Laroche cyclamen pink wool
minidress, 1968
41.
Helena Rubinstein
–
Helena Rubinstein was a Polish American businesswoman, art collector, and philanthropist. A cosmetics entrepreneur, she was the founder and eponym of Helena Rubinstein Incorporated cosmetics company, the existentialist philosopher Martin Buber was her cousin. She was also the cousin of Ruth Rappaports mother, diminutive at 4 ft.10 in. Rubinstein emigrated from Poland to Australia in 1902, with no money and her stylish clothes and milky complexion did not pass unnoticed among the towns ladies, however, and she soon found enthusiastic buyers for the jars of beauty cream in her luggage. She spotted a market where she began to make her own, fortunately for Rubinstein, a key ingredient of the cream, lanolin, was readily at hand. These sheep were the wealth of the nation and the Western Districts vast mobs of merinos produced the finest wool in the land, to disguise the lanolins pungent odour, Rubinstein experimented with lavender, pine bark and water lilies. Rubinstein had an out with her uncle, but after a stint as a bush governess began waitressing at the Winter Garden tearooms in Melbourne. There, she found a willing to stump up the funds to launch her Crème Valaze. Costing ten pence and selling for six shillings, it walked off the shelves as fast as she could pack it in pots, Sydney was next, and within five years Australian operations were profitable enough to finance a Salon de Beauté Valaze in London. As such, Rubinstein formed one of the worlds first cosmetic companies and her business enterprise proved immensely successful and later in life, she used her enormous wealth to support charitable institutions in the fields of education, art and health. In 1908, her sister Ceska assumed the Melbourne shops operation, in 1908, she married the Polish-born American journalist Edward William Titus in London. They had two sons, Roy Valentine Titus and Horace Titus and they eventually moved to Paris where she opened a salon in 1912. Her husband helped with writing the publicity and set up a publishing house, published Lady Chatterleys Lover. Rubinstein, who knew little French, asked a guest what the ambassador had said and he said, Your ancestors burned Joan of Arc. Rubinstein replied, Well, someone had to do it, at another fête, Marcel Proust asked her what makeup a duchess might wear. She summarily dismissed him because he smelt of mothballs, Rubinstein recollected later, How was I to know he was going to be famous. At the outbreak of World War I, she and Titus moved to New York City, where she opened a salon in 1915. This was the beginning of her vicious rivalry with the great lady of the cosmetics industry
Helena Rubinstein
–
Helena Rubinstein
Helena Rubinstein
–
Helena Rubinstein was born in this house in
Kraków 's
Kazimierz district.
Helena Rubinstein
–
Helena Rubinstein by
Paul César Helleu (1908)
42.
Maison Margiela
–
Maison Margiela, formerly Maison Martin Margiela, is a French luxury fashion house headquartered in Paris and founded in 1988 by Belgian designer Martin Margiela. The house produces both haute couture-inspired artisanal collections and ready-to-wear collections, with the former influencing the designs of the latter, product lines include womenswear, menswear, fine jewelry, footwear, objects, fragrance, and home goods, among others. Models faces are obscured by fabric or long hair to direct attention to the clothes. With Maison Martin Margiela going public in 2002, Margiela resigned as creative designer in 2009, the company has collaborated on displays and designs with Barneys New York, Converse, G-Shock Opening Ceremony, Hermès, H&M, L’Oreal, and Swarovski. Maison Margiela was founded by Martin Margiela, a Belgian fashion designer, in 1984 he became Jean Paul Gaultier’s design assistant in Paris, a role he held until 1987. In 1988, Martin launched his own self-titled design label Maison Martin Margiela with business partner, initially working out of a Paris apartment, they opened their first store in an unmarked white space in Paris, also opening a small studio on 12 Leopoldstraat in Antwerp. Vogue would later write that his early ideas provoked shock and intrigue in the fashion industry, on the of the label’s garments, simple blank white labels with four white tacks were sewn to signify the brand. Distinct product ranges were given numbers as signifiers, in no chronological order. The press dubbed Margiela the Greta Garbo of fashion as a result, a reference to Garbo’s similar avoidance of the spotlight, in 1994 the New York Times commented on the company’s influence by writing that its made-over flea-market clothes put an end to the conspicuous consumption of the 1980s. That year Maison Martin Margiela debuted its first period pieces, in 1998, Maison Martin Margiela debuted a menswear collection, known as line 10. Maison Martin Margiela oversaw creative direction of womenswear for the French design house Hermès from 1997 until 2003, with the design team working under Hermès chairman Jean-Louis Dumas. After going public in 2002, the majority of Maison Martin Margiela’s shares were purchased by the OTB Group, in December 2004, Maison Martin Margiela moved into a new headquarters in an eighteenth-century convent in Paris 11th arrondissement. The interior of the headquarters and furniture were painted white with emulsion. In addition to the surroundings, employees all wear “blouse blanche”. The white coats are both a nod to history and aesthetics, as well as an equalizer, as all employees wear them, by the summer of 2008 there were 14 Margiela boutiques. In October 2009, it was announced that Martin Margiela had resigned as director of Maison Martin Margiela. Following Margielas departure, the design team continued to design the label. CEO Giovanni Pungetti stated that we want to stay avant-garde, and provocative and we will probably make mistakes, but the most important thing is to learn from them
Maison Margiela
–
Trompe l'oeil print jersey dresses by Maison Martin Margiela, Spring/Summer 1996 (left) and 2012 H&M reissue (right)
43.
Stella McCartney
–
Stella Nina McCartney, OBE is an English fashion designer. She is the daughter of former Beatles member Paul McCartney and American musician, photographer, McCartney was born in Lambeth, London, the second child of Beatle Paul McCartney and American photographer Linda McCartney. She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers, as a young girl, McCartney travelled the globe with her parents and their group Wings, along with her siblings, older sister Heather, older sister Mary, and younger brother James. According to her father, the name of Wings was inspired by Stellas difficult birth, as his daughter was being born by emergency caesarean section, Paul sat outside the operating room and prayed that she be born on the wings of an angel. McCartney has said that while attending school, she was a victim of bullying. McCartney became interested in designing clothes as a youth, at age thirteen, she designed her first jacket. Three years later, she interned for Christian Lacroix, working on her first haute couture collection, honing her skills working for Edward Sexton, her fathers Savile Row tailor for a number of years. She studied her foundation at Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication, followed by Fashion Design at Central Saint Martins in the early 1990s, she graduated in 1995. Her graduation collection was modelled by friends and supermodels Naomi Campbell, Yasmin Le Bon, the collection was shown to a song penned by her famous father, called Stella May Day. The show made front-page news, and the collection was sold to Tokyo. The designs were licensed to Browns, Joseph, Bergdorf Goodman and Neiman Marcus, in 1998, she designed her sister Marys wedding dress for her wedding to television producer Alistair Donald. A lifelong vegetarian, McCartney does not use any leather or fur in her designs, some of McCartneys designs have text that elaborates on her no animal policy, for example, one of her jackets for Adidas says, suitable for sporty vegetarians on the sleeve. She does use wool, silk, and other animal-derived fabrics in her designs, in March 1997 McCartney was appointed creative director of Paris fashion house Chloé, following in the footsteps of Karl Lagerfeld. Lagerfeld was less impressed with the houses choice, stating. They did, but in music, not fashion, lets hope shes as gifted as her father. Despite initial skepticism, McCartneys designs have enjoyed commercial and critical success. She was accompanied to Chloé by her assistant and friend Phoebe Philo, in 2001, McCartney launched her own fashion house under her name in a joint venture with Gucci Group and showed her first collection in Paris. Her collections are now distributed in over 50 countries through 600 wholesale accounts including specialty shops, in 2003, McCartney launched her first perfume, Stella
Stella McCartney
–
McCartney at the "End Sexual Violence in Conflict" Summit, June 2014
Stella McCartney
–
Stella McCartney's store in West Hollywood
Stella McCartney
–
"Stella McCartney" reads beneath the Adidas logo on this dress worn by
Caroline Wozniacki at the 2010 US Open.
44.
Yves Saint Laurent (brand)
–
Yves Saint Laurent YSL is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé. Saint Laurent Paris revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under creative director Hedi Slimane, the new collection, Yves Saint Laurent Couture or Saint Laurent Paris 24, Rue de L’Université is the French houses first couture collection ever since the retirement of its legendary founder in 2002. Founded in 1961 it has considered one of the worlds most prominent fashion houses and known for its modern and iconic pieces. Today Saint Laurent Paris markets a range of womens and mens ready-to-wear products, leather goods, shoes. Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a presence in the luxury beauty market. Competitors to Yves Saint Laurent include, among many, the houses of Chanel, Burberry, Dior, Gucci, Louis Vuitton. The eponymous brand was founded by designer Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé in 1961, some of his most memorable collections include the Pop Art, Ballet Russes, Picasso, and Chinese ones. He also started mainstreaming the idea of wearing silhouettes from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s and he was the first, in 1966, to popularize ready-to-wear in an attempt to democratize fashion, with Rive Gauche and a boutique of the same name. Ambassador to the couturier during the late 1970s and early 1980s was London socialite millionairess Diane Vandelli, making the brand more popular among the European jet-set. The brand continued to expand in the 1980s and early 1990s with fragrances for men and women, having launched its cosmetic line in 1978. However, by 1992 the companys profits were declining and the share price had fallen. In 1993, the Saint Laurent fashion house was sold to the pharmaceuticals company Sanofi, in the 1998–1999 seasons, Alber Elbaz, formerly of Lanvin, designed three ready-to-wear collections. Pierre Bergé appointed Hedi Slimane as collections and art director in 1997, Hedi Slimane decided to leave the house two years later, and became head of couture menswear at Dior Homme. In 1999, Gucci bought the YSL brand and asked Tom Ford to design the collection while Saint Laurent would design the haute couture collection. In 2002, dogged by years of health, drug abuse, depression, alcoholism. Reflecting on his career and impact on the industry, Saint Laurent was heavily quoted around the world for stating, Chanel freed women. Saint Laurent also stated, I created the contemporary womans wardrobe, the prêt-à-porter line was produced under the direction of Stefano Pilati after Tom Ford left in 2004. His style was decidedly more French than the overtly sexy image that Tom Ford propagated
Yves Saint Laurent (brand)
–
Saint Laurent Paris
Yves Saint Laurent (brand)
–
YSL boutique, Beverly Hills, California, 2006
Yves Saint Laurent (brand)
–
Evening dress by Tom Ford for YSL Rive Gauche, 2004
Yves Saint Laurent (brand)
–
Yves Saint Laurent men's wear in Florence, Italy, 2011.
45.
Giorgio Armani
–
Giorgio Armani is an Italian fashion designer, particularly noted for his menswear. He is known today for his clean, tailored lines and he is credited with pioneering red-carpet fashion. Whilst at secondary school at the Liceo Scientifico Respighi in Piacenza, Armani aspired to a career in medicine and he enrolled in the Department of Medicine at the University of Milan, but after three years, in 1953, he left and joined the army. Due to his background, he was assigned to the Military Hospital in Verona. He eventually decided to look for a different career path, after his stint in the armed forces, Armani found a job as a window dresser at La Rinascente, a department store in Milan in 1957. He went on to become a seller for the menswear department, in the mid-1960s, Armani moved to the Nino Cerruti company, for which he designed menswear. His skills were in demand, and for the decade, while continuing to work for Cerutti, Armani also freelanced. In the late 1960s, Armani met Sergio Galeotti, an architectural draftsman, in 1973, Galeotti persuaded him to open a design office in Milan, at 37 Corso Venezia. The international press was quick to acknowledge Armanis importance following the shows at the Sala Bianca in the Pitti Palace in Florence. The experience provided Armani with an opportunity to develop his own style in new ways. He was now ready to devote his energy to his own label, in October of that same year, he presented his first collection of mens ready-to-wear for Spring and Summer 1976 under his own name. He also produced a line for the same season. In 1979, after founding the Giorgio Armani Corporation, Armani began producing for the United States, the label became one of the leading names in international fashion with the introduction of several new product lines, including G. A. Le Collezioni, Giorgio Armani Underwear and Swimwear, and Giorgio Armani Accessories, a new store was opened in Milan for the Emporio line, followed by the first Giorgio Armani boutique. Armanis concern for the end user culminated in the development of a more youthful product with the level of stylistic quality as his high-end line. Because of the nature of the Emporio line, Armani felt that he had to make use of new. These included television spots and enormous street ads, together with a magazine that was sent out by mail to consumers. Armani also felt that a relationship with the cinema was essential and he designed the costumes for American Gigolo, the success of which led to a long-term collaboration with the world of film
Giorgio Armani
–
Giorgio Armani at the Red day Party in
GUM,
Moscow
Giorgio Armani
–
This article is about the fashion designer. For his company, see
Armani.
46.
Ralph Lauren Corporation
–
Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American corporation. They are known for the clothing, marketing and distribution of premium products in four categories, apparel, home. The Companys brand names, which include Polo Ralph Lauren, Ralph Lauren Collection, Lauren Ralph Lauren, Double RL, Ralph Lauren Childrenswear, Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren, Chaps, Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American, publicly traded holding company headquartered in New York City. Ralph Lauren Corporation began with the 1967 founding of the Polo Ralph Lauren company by American designer Ralph Lauren, the Ralph Lauren started in 1967 with men’s ties. At 28 years-old, Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer, Beau Brummell, at that time, he persuaded the companys president to let him start his own line. Drawing on his interests in sports, Ralph Lauren names his first full line of menswear ‘Polo’ in 1968 and he works out of a single drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building and makes deliveries to stores himself. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Lauren’s men line exclusively and it was the first time that Bloomingdale’s had given a designer his own in-store shop. In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women, the first full women’s collection was launched the following year. 1971 also marked the opening of Ralph Lauren’s store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills and this is the first freestanding store for an American designer. 1977 Ralph Lauren Corporation introduces a signature cotton mesh Polo shirt in various colours, featuring the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt becomes emblematic of the preppy look--one of Ralph Laurens signature styles. In 1977, Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wear Lauren’s clothes throughout their Oscar-winning film, the first Ralph Lauren fragrances, produced by Warner-Lauren, Ltd. are first launched at Bloomingdales. Lauren, a fragrance for women, debuts on March 12,1978, and Polo and this is the first time that a designer has introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously. The company entered the European market, and went international, in 1981 with the opening of the first freestanding store for an American designer New Bond Street in the West End of London, England. Ralph Lauren opens his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion, on Madison Avenue, on June 12,1997, the company becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange. The 98-seat restaurant, RL, opens in March 1999 in a building adjacent to the largest Ralph Lauren store at the corner of Chicago. It was followed by the opening of two additional restaurants – Ralph’s at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris flagship store in 2010 and The Polo Bar at Polo’s flagship in New York in 2015. The company launched its web site, and online shop in 2000 as polo. com by RL Media. In 2007, Ralph Lauren Corporation acquired the NBC share of RL Media, on 29 September 2015, it was announced that Stefan Larsson would replace the companys founder, Ralph Lauren, as CEO in November
Ralph Lauren Corporation
–
Ralph Lauren Home at
Australian department store
David Jones in
Sydney
Ralph Lauren Corporation
–
The Ralph Lauren flagship store occupying the
Rhinelander Mansion on
Madison Avenue in New York City
Ralph Lauren Corporation
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Ralph Lauren store on
Madison Avenue in New York City
Ralph Lauren Corporation
–
children's clothing at department store
Smith & Caughey's Queen Street in
Auckland,
New Zealand
47.
Diesel (brand)
–
Diesel S. p. A. is an Italian retail clothing company, located in Breganze, Italy. It sells denim, and other clothing and accessories, the clothing line has two different brands, Diesel and Diesel Black Gold. Theres also a line for children, called Diesel Kid, the company is known for its surreal advertising campaigns. Since 2013 the creative director has been Nicola Formichetti, Diesel founder Renzo Rosso began stitching jeans on a sewing machine at the age of fifteen. He used his mother’s sewing machine to produce low-riding, bell bottomed jeans and he later attended an industrial textile manufacturing college in Padua. In 1976 Rosso began working for a manufacturer called Moltex. Rosso bought out Goldschmieds interest in the Diesel brand name in 1985 for US$500,000, Rosso has said that he learned marketing from the US, creativity from Italy, and systems from Germany. In 1990 Russ Togs, Inc. received the license to market and distribute Diesel lines in the United States, mitsubishi Co received the license to market and distribute in Japan. By 1991, Russ Togs was going out of business, as a result of Russ Togs collapse, the creation of made in the USA Diesel products never came to fruition, and Diesel instead placed its made in Italy jeans and clothing in US stores. In 1992, Diesel became the sponsor for the World Superbike racing circuit. In 1995, Diesel launched one of the first significant fashion retail websites, the first Diesel jeans to be sold online were available in Finland and Sweden starting in 1997. It then opened a store that allowed home delivery for further markets the following year. Further flagship stores opened, including stores in Berlin, Barcelona, Diesel also produces illustrated catalogs for its retail lines. The company also won the Premio Risultati award for Best Italian Company of the Year from the Bocconi Institute in 1996, in 1998 the Wall Street Journal called Diesel “the label of the moment”. Diesel founder Rosso began purchasing additional fashion companies in 2002, under the parent company Only The Brave, companies purchased by Only the Brave included Maison Martin Margiela, Viktor & Rolf, Marni, and licensing company Staff International. In 2005 Diesel released the book “Fifty” upon Rosso’s fiftieth birthday, Diesels denims products are produced exclusively in Italy, with much of its products produced by out-sourced factories. Its headquarters are in Breganze, and had twelve international subsidiaries as of 2005, as of 2008, the company had five thousand points of sale across eighty countries, with 270 mono-brand Diesel stores. Diesel itself owns 170 of those, with the rest owned by franchisees, turnover was over €1.3 billion in 2009, and by 2010 the company had over 400 stores
Diesel (brand)
–
Diesel store in
Kraków,
Poland
Diesel (brand)
–
Diesel SpA
Diesel (brand)
–
Diesel Black & Gold store in
Vienna,
Austria
Diesel (brand)
–
"Dieselwall" in
Berlin
48.
Paloma Picasso
–
Paloma Picasso, is a French fashion designer and businesswoman, best known for her jewelry designs for Tiffany & Co. and her signature perfumes. She is the youngest daughter of 20th-century artist Pablo Picasso and painter and writer Françoise Gilot, Paloma literally means dove in Spanish. Paloma Picasso is represented in many of her fathers works, such as Paloma with an Orange, Paloma Picassos jewelry career began in 1968, when she was a costume designer in Paris. Some rhinestone necklaces she had created from stones purchased at flea markets drew attention from critics, encouraged by this early success, the designer pursued formal schooling in jewelry design. A year later, Ms. Picasso presented her first efforts to her friend, famed couturier Yves Saint Laurent, by 1971, she was working for the Greek jewelry company Zolotas. In 1980 Picasso began designing jewelry for Tiffany & Co. of New York, in 1984 she began experimenting with fragrance, creating the Paloma perfume for LOréal. In the New York Post Picasso described it as intended for women like herself. A cosmetics and bath line including body lotion, powder, shower gel, two American museums have acquired Ms. Picassos work for their permanent collections. Housed in the Smithsonian Institutions National Museum of Natural History is a 396. 30-carat kunzite necklace designed by her, and visitors to The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago can view her 408. 63-carat moonstone bracelet accented with diamond lightning bolts. In 1988, Ms. Picasso was honored by The Fashion Group as one of the Women Who Have Made an Extraordinary Impact on Our Industry, the Hispanic Designers Inc. presented her with its MODA award for design excellence. Since 1983, she has been a member of the International Best Dressed List, in 2010, Picasso celebrated her 30th anniversary with Tiffany and Co. by introducing a collection based upon her love of Morocco, called Marrakesh. In 2011, she debuted her Venezia collection, which celebrates the city of Venice, Picasso had a penchant for red, her red lipsticks were called her calling cards. François Nars says about Paloma, red is her trademark and its her signature, defining, one might say, the designers red period. Her fascination with red started at an age, when she began wearing bright red lipstick at age 6. She has become recognizable by her red lipstick, her angular profile serves as a reminder of her fathers Cubist inclinations. When she feels like staying incognito, she simply avoids wearing her red lipstick, Red lips have become my signature, so when I don’t want to be recognized, in 1978 Picasso married playwright and director Rafael Lopez-Cambil in a black-and-white themed wedding. The couple later divorced and in 1999 Picasso married Dr. Eric Thévenet, thévenets interest in art and design has provided valuable insight toward the creation of Picassos jewelry collections. Paloma Picasso and her live in Lausanne, Switzerland and in Marrakech
Paloma Picasso
–
Paloma Picasso
49.
The Body Shop
–
The Body Shop International plc, trading as The Body Shop, is a British cosmetics and skin care company owned by LOréal. It was founded in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick and currently has a range of 1,000 products which it sells in 3,000 franchised stores in 66 countries, the company is based in Littlehampton, West Sussex, United Kingdom. In 1970, Anita Roddick visited The Body Shop housed in a car garage in Berkeley, California selling naturally-scented soaps. The shop run by Peggy Short and Jane Saunders used natural ingredients, six years later, in 1976, Roddick opened a similar shop in the UK, using the same business name, colour scheme, and cosmetic lines. In 1987, Roddick offered Short and Saunders $3.5 million to purchase the name The Body Shop, from its first launch in the UK in 1976, The Body Shop experienced rapid growth, expanding at a rate of 50 percent annually. The Body Shop stock was floated on Londons Unlisted Securities Market in April 1984, after it obtained a full listing on the London Stock Exchange, the stock was given the nickname The shares that defy gravity, as its price increased by more than 500%. The Body Shop turned increasingly toward social and environmental campaigns to promote its business in the late 1980s, in 1997, Roddick launched a global campaign to raise self-esteem in women and against the media stereotyping of women. It focused on unreasonably skinny models in the context of rising numbers in bulimia and anorexia, in March 2006, The Body Shop agreed to a £652.3 million takeover by LOréal. It was reported that Anita and Gordon Roddick, who set up The Body Shop 30 years previously, there was a media controversy surrounding claims that LOréal continues to test on animals, which contradicts The Body Shops core value of Against Animal Testing. LOréal states the company has not tested cosmetics on animals since 1989, Animal testing on cosmetics ceased for all cosmetic companies in Europe as well as cosmetics imports when the European Union passed legislation banning all testing for personal care products. Since March 2013, the Group has taken another step, The Group no longer tests on animal, anywhere in the world. An exception could be made if regulatory authorities required it for safety or regulatory purposes, suppliers who had formerly worked with the Body Shop will in future have contracts with LOréal, and working with the company 25 days a year Roddick was able to have an input into decisions. Following her death in 2007, Prime Minister Gordon Brown paid tribute to Dame Anita, calling her one of the true pioneers. He said, She campaigned for green issues for years before it became fashionable to do so. She will be remembered not only as a great campaigner but also as a great entrepreneur, the social activism dimension of the company first evidenced in 1986 when The Body Shop proposed an alliance with Greenpeace in the UK to save the whales. Roddick began launching other promotions tied to social causes, with much public, the Body Shop regularly featured posters on shop windows and sponsorship of local charity and community events. The first Community Trade activity in 1987 was a roller which was supplied by a small community in Southern India. Since then, The Body Shop has found many trade partners in over 20 different countries that often are overlooked by the local as well as the global society, criticism has been made of the programme by fair trade activists
The Body Shop
–
Body Shop in
Majorstuen,
Oslo
The Body Shop
–
The Body Shop in the
Prudential Center in
Boston
The Body Shop
–
The Body Shop in
Hillcrest Mall
The Body Shop
–
The Body Shop stand at New Zealand
department store Farmers
50.
BB cream
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BB cream stands for blemish balm, blemish base, beblesh balm, and in Western markets, beauty balm. Compared to a cream which would be just a cream with a very light tint. On top of that, it provides a sunblock. The CC cream came later on and describes a Color Correction cream, a CC cream has all the benefits of a BB cream but with the specific feature of homogenizing the coloration of the skin, by correcting the complexion concerns such as redness or dullness. What became BB cream was originally formulated in the 1960s in Germany by dermatologist Dr. Christine Schrammek to protect her patients skin after facial peels, BB creams come in a variety of different formulations. Because Korean companies focused initially on the Korean and East Asian markets, instead of offering multiple shades for different skin colors, most formulae are designed to oxidize to match the users skin tone. The skin-whitening properties of the cream as sold in the Asian market are an important element in its popularity, the coverage is often mineral-based, and is intended to both cover and treat blemishes such as acne, sun spots and age spots. It also has anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, several contain hyaluronic acid and Vitamin C. BB creams make up 13 percent of the market in South Korea. Some Korean brands also offer BB creams for men, notable Korean brands include Etude House, Missha, Nature Republic, Skin Food, Sulhwasoo, and The Face Shop. Early arrivals included Boscia, Clinique, Dior, Estée Lauder, Garnier, Marcelle, Maybelline, Revlon, lab Series makes a BB cream for men. Certain BB creams have been tailored for Western markets, Estée Lauder, BB creams advertised as cruelty-free include Smashbox and The Body Shop. As of May 2013, Amore Pacific, which has as its subsidiaries Etude House and Laneige, has ended animal testing on all ingredients, products certified as cruelty-free may still contain animal products and may not be suitable for vegans. Miracle creams we can believe in, Hull Daily Mail, March 31,2012, beauty for dark skin, the BB cream debate, The Guardian, March 15,2013. Learn your BB CCs, Global Times, March 24,2013,10 Best BB Creams, Vogue, January 17,2013. The BB cream is here to stay, The Times of India, beautys all in one, The balm that claims to be a moisturiser, sun block, primer AND foundation, but does it work. The Daily Mail, June 14,2011, for it being introduced to South Korea and Japan in the 1980s, see Macleans, January 11,2012. For the rest, see Koh Young-aah, perfect your look in Korea, The Korea Herald/Naver News, September 2,2009
BB cream
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Selection of BB creams
BB cream
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Christine Schrammek Blemish Balm from 1960s
