1.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
National Register of Historic Places
–
Logo used for the NRHP.
National Register of Historic Places
–
Old Slater Mill, a historic district in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, was the first property listed in the National Register on November 13, 1966.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The
Loren Andrus Octagon House in
Washington, Michigan has been on the NRHP since September 3, 1971.
National Register of Historic Places
–
Built in 1800 by
Samuel McIntire in
Salem, the
Stephen Phillips House is operated as a
historic house museum by
Historic New England and open for public tours.
2.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
–
Ann Arbor is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, the citys population was estimated at 117,070 as of July 2015 by the U. S. Census Bureau. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washtenaw County, the city is also part of the larger Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI Combined Statistical Area with a population of 5,318,744. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the villages founders, the University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics, Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the foremost research universities in the United States, the university shapes Ann Arbors economy significantly as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The citys economy is centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the universitys research and development infrastructure. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the plat was registered with Wayne County as Annarbour. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres of land purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allens sawmill, Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, since the universitys establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor, while the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbors Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, during the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, during the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city
Ann Arbor, Michigan
–
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
–
A view of Ann Arbor looking east toward Liberty and State streets, showing the
Burton Memorial Tower,
Michigan Theater, the former
Borders bookstore No. 1, and several buildings of the University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
–
South University Avenue caters to young people.
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
4.
Movie palace
–
A movie palace is any of the large, elaborately decorated movie theaters built between the 1910s and the 1940s. The late 1920s saw the peak of the palace, with hundreds opened every year between 1925 and 1930. With the advent of television, movie attendance dropped and many movie palaces were razed or converted into multiple screen venues or performing arts centers, there are three architectural design types of movie palaces. Paid exhibition of motion pictures began on April 14,1894, at Andrew M. Hollands phonograph store, located at 1155 Broadway in New York City, dropping a nickel in a machine allowed a viewer to see a short motion picture, devoid of plot. The machines were installed in Kinetoscope parlors, hotels, department stores, bars, the machines were popular from 1894 to 1896, but by the turn of the century had almost disappeared as Americans rejected the solitary viewing experience and boring entertainment. Around 1900, motion pictures became a part of vaudeville theatres. It was often used as a chaser—shown as the end of the performance to chase the audience from the theatre and these theatres were designed much like legitimate theatres. The Beaux-Arts architecture of these theatres was formal and ornate and they were not designed for motion pictures, but rather live stage performances. In 1902, the storefront theatre was born at Thomas Lincoln Tallys Electric Theatre in Los Angeles and these theatres exhibited a motion picture at a specific time during the day. Air domes also became popular in warm climates and in the summertime in northern climates, with no roof and only side walls or fences, the air domes allowed patrons to view motion pictures in a venue that was cooler than the stifling atmosphere of the storefront theatre. In 1905, the Nickelodeon was born, rather than exhibiting one program a night, the Nickelodeon offered continuous motion picture entertainment for five cents. By 1910, Nickelodeons grossed $91 million in the United States, the Nickelodeons were like simple storefront theatres, but differed in the continuous showings and the marketing to women and families. The movie house, in a building designed specifically for motion picture exhibition, was the last step before the movie palace, comfort was paramount, with upholstered seating and climate controls. One of the first movie houses was Tallys Broadway Theater in Los Angeles, the movie palace was developed as the step beyond the small theaters of the 1900s and 1910s. As motion pictures developed as an art form, theatre infrastructure needed to change, storefront theatres and Nickelodeons catered to the busy work lives and limited budgets of the lower and middle classes. Motion pictures were only thought to be for the lower classes at that time as they were simple, short. While the middle class began to attend the Nickelodeons by the early 1910s the upperclass continued to attend stage theater performances such as the opera. Nickelodeons could not meet demand as the upperclass feared the moral repercussions of intermingling between women and children with immigrants
Movie palace
–
The
Uptown Theatre in Chicago.
Movie palace
–
The interior of the
Palace Theatre (Marion, Ohio), designed to evoke a feeling of being outside in a Spanish courtyard.
Movie palace
–
Interior and balcony of the
Paramount Theatre in
Seattle
Movie palace
–
Broadway Theatre, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
5.
Detroit
–
Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
Detroit
–
From top to bottom, left to right:
Downtown Detroit skyline and the
Detroit River,
Fox Theatre,
Dorothy H. Turkel House in
Palmer Woods,
Belle Isle Conservatory,
The Spirit of Detroit,
Fisher Building,
Eastern Market,
Old Main at
Wayne State University,
Ambassador Bridge, and the
Detroit Institute of Arts
Detroit
–
Ste. Anne de Détroit, founded in 1701 by French colonists, is the second-oldest continuously operating
Catholic parish in the United States. The present church was completed in 1887.
Detroit
–
A 4
p.m. change of work shift at the Ford Motor Company assembly plant in
Highland Park, Michigan, 1910s
Detroit
–
Looking south down
Woodward Avenue, with the Detroit skyline in the distance, July 1942
6.
Architect
–
An architect is someone who plans, designs, and reviews the construction of buildings. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, which derives from the Greek, practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction. The terms architect and architecture are used in the disciplines of landscape architecture, naval architecture. In most jurisdictions, the professional and commercial uses of the terms architect, throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Until modern times, there was no distinction between architect and engineer. In Europe, the architect and engineer were primarily geographical variations that referred to the same person. It is suggested that various developments in technology and mathematics allowed the development of the gentleman architect. Paper was not used in Europe for drawing until the 15th century, pencils were used more often for drawing by 1600. The availability of both allowed pre-construction drawings to be made by professionals, until the 18th-century, buildings continued to be designed and set out by craftsmen with the exception of high-status projects. In most developed countries, only qualified people with appropriate license, certification, or registration with a relevant body, such licensure usually requires an accredited university degree, successful completion of exams, and a training period. To practice architecture implies the ability to independently of supervision. In many places, independent, non-licensed individuals may perform design services outside the professional restrictions, such design houses, in the architectural profession, technical and environmental knowledge, design and construction management, and an understanding of business are as important as design. However, design is the force throughout the project and beyond. An architect accepts a commission from a client, the commission might involve preparing feasibility reports, building audits, the design of a building or of several buildings, structures, and the spaces among them. The architect participates in developing the requirements the client wants in the building, throughout the project, the architect co-ordinates a design team. Structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers and other specialists, are hired by the client or the architect, the architect hired by a client is responsible for creating a design concept that meets the requirements of that client and provides a facility suitable to the required use. In that, the architect must meet with and question the client to ascertain all the requirements, often the full brief is not entirely clear at the beginning, entailing a degree of risk in the design undertaking. The architect may make proposals to the client which may rework the terms of the brief
Architect
–
Filippo Brunelleschi is revered to be one of the most inventive and gifted architects in history.
Architect
–
An architect at work, 1893.
Architect
–
Architect
Rem Koolhaas inspecting a model of the
Seattle Central Library
7.
Barton Organ Company
–
The Bartola Musical Instrument Company of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA, was a producer of theater pipe organs during the age of silent movies. The company was founded in 1918 by Dan Barton, who was from Amherst, the sixth largest builder of theater instruments in the nation, Bartola focused almost exclusively on the Midwest market. Barton later recalled, We decided to only a limited territory so we could give prompt service to all our installations. Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, Indiana and Ohio, no installation was more than an overnight sleeper ride from Chicago. The company built about 250 theater organs from 1918 to 1931, Bartons first successful experiment in producing equipment to accompany silent films was a set of electrically operated bells that formed a musical scale. Mounted around the interior of the theater, these were operated by the pit drummer who was performing foley, after seeing the highly enthusiastic reception of his invention, Barton began toying with the idea of a more elaborate mechanism employing additional percussion instruments and organ pipes. In 1918, the Bartola Musical Instrument Company was formed in Oshkosh, Barton was assisted by Butch Littlefield and Walter Gollnick and was financed in the early days by a partner, W. G. Maxcy. Barton turned his attention to the development and manufacture of the Bartola, the larger ones had several cases–one for organ pipe ranks and the other for percussions and sound effects. The traps and other percussions were powered directly by electric solenoids, a footboard placed around the piano pedals was used to play the effects. The benefits of being able to tailor the music and sound effects to the action on the screen were obvious, and the Bartola was an immediate success. In the early- to mid-1920s, larger and more opulent theaters were being built, a new kind of organ was being developed, one which expanded greatly on the concept of the photoplayer. Along with its competitors, this was the genesis of the Barton Organ. Wurlitzer was, in addition to being its inventor, the largest manufacturer of organs by a considerable margin. The Barton organ was especially robust in construction and tonal design, was constructed from quality materials. They have been described as huskier in construction and tone than were typical Wurlitzer organs, some consider the typical Barton sound to be cruder or less refined than the typical Wurlitzer sound, while others revel in its brash assertiveness. Dan Barton was a businessman who knew the importance of showmanship in show business. Bartola, arguably more than any other manufacturer of theatre organs, Bartons consoles—the most visible part of the organ to the customer—were almost always vividly decorated, with striking designs and colors. One common decoration scheme used brilliant red and gold paint over gesso relief designs and this style of decoration eventually became informally referred to as the circus wagon motif
Barton Organ Company
–
Console of the 3/13 Barton Theater Pipe Organ at
Ann Arbor's Michigan Theatre, showing Barton's special red and gold console decoration which came to be known as "circus wagon" style.
Barton Organ Company
–
Spectacular console of the original installation 3 manual, 14 rank "Rhinestone Barton" theatre organ, installed in
Theatre Cedar Rapids (the former RKO Iowa Theatre),
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Barton Organ Company
–
Detail of console of Barton organ originally installed in the Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois. This was the largest console built by Bartola, and controlled the largest Barton organ ever built.
Barton Organ Company
–
Detail of console of Barton organ originally installed in the Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, showing the massive quantity of stopkeys on the right side of console.
8.
Theatre organ
–
A theatre organ is a distinct type of pipe organ originally developed to provide music and sound effects to accompany silent films during the first 3 decades of the 20th century. Theatre organs are usually identified by the distinctive horseshoe-shaped arrangement of stop tabs above, in organs installed in the UK, a common feature was large translucent surrounds extending from both sides of the console, with internal colored lighting. A spectacular original example is the so-called Rhinestone Barton, installed in 1928 in the former RKO Iowa Theatre, another original example is the 3/13 Barton from Ann Arbors historic Michigan Theatre. The organ was installed in 1927 and is currently played five nights during a week before most film screenings. As the concept of the organ was embraced, theatre organs began to be installed in other types of venues, such as civic auditoriums, sports arenas, private residences. One of the largest theatre ever built was the 6 manual 52 rank Barton installed in the massive Chicago Stadium. There were over 7,000 such organs installed in America and elsewhere from 1915 to 1933, many organ builders supplied instruments to theatres. Many of the elements of the theatre organ simply allowed it to do its job better than anything else could. Although not all of these originated with Robert Hope-Jones, he was the first to successfully employ. Earlier church instruments used a linkage of rods and wires to connect the keys to the pipes. Unification Previously, each rank of pipes could be played on one manual at one pitch level. In other words, there was one pipe for each key on the keyboard, with the advent of unification, ranks were extended by adding more pipes and made playable at different pitch levels, and on different manuals. Thus, fewer ranks could be used in a variety of combinations and pitches. Horseshoe console To turn the pipe ranks on and off, the organ console used drawknobs placed on panels on both sides of the manuals. Using electricity, Robert Hope-Jones substituted tongue-shaped tabs arranged on a curved panel around and these stop tabs could be quickly and easily flipped up or down to select or deactivate any ranks of pipes. Traps, toy counter, and effects Real musical instruments, not previously associated with the organ, were installed in the pipe chambers to be pneumatically operated at will by the organist. Such instruments as piano, drums, cymbals, xylophone, marimba, orchestra bells, chimes, castanets, woodblock, and even tuned sleigh bells could be played from the organ keyboards. Sound effects such as train and boat whistles, car horns, sirens, bird whistles, the fronts of these chambers were covered with a set of swell shades which opened and closed like venetian blinds
Theatre organ
–
Console of the 3/13
Barton Theatre Pipe Organ at
Ann Arbor's Michigan Theatre
Theatre organ
–
Spectacular console of the original installation 3 manual, 14 rank Rhinestone Barton theatre organ, installed in
Theatre Cedar Rapids (the former RKO Iowa Theatre),
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Theatre organ
–
The console of the Crawford Special-Publix One
Mighty Wurlitzer, at the
Alabama Theatre. Only 25 of this model were built, and it illustrates the high level of beauty and artistic work some consoles exhibit.
Theatre organ
–
The offices of the
Wurlitzer factory in New York, previously known as the
North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory.
9.
State Theater (Ann Arbor)
–
The State Theatre is an operational former movie palace located at the intersection of State Street and Liberty Street in Ann Arbor, MI. The theaters central location and distinctive green, yellow and red marquee have made it an icon of Ann Arbors downtown, the theater was designed by architect C. Howard Crane, who had also designed the Fox Theatre, and was built in 1942. The theater was owned and operated by the Butterfield Theater Company until the 1980s, in 1979, under GKCs ownership, the original theater design was quaded, with the balcony made into its own separate floor and the screen divided in half to produce four individual screening spaces. Ownership was transferred to local entrepreneur and Borders Group co-founder Tom Borders in 1987, Borders sold the two bottom screening rooms to the Urban Outfitters chain, who gutted the property and built a store in its place. Relics of the history can also be seen in its carpeting. The State Theatre is currently owned by a group of investors, though booking and marketing is handled by the Michigan Theater. Both theaters show independent fare, with the State often continuing the runs of films that debuted at the Michigan. The theater has promoted an indie aesthetic by showcasing ultra-low-budget films in limited release, such as Who Killed the Electric Car. and Behind the Mask. 35mm prints of independent successes and cult classics are often shown on Saturday nights as part of a regular Midnight Movies series, films like Donnie Darko, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas and The Big Lebowski are often featured. Official website State Theater MySpace page, featuring upcoming schedule
State Theater (Ann Arbor)
–
The State Theatre's distinctive marquee, with the names of upcoming Midnight Movie selections.
10.
Organist
–
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, in addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music. The majority of organists, amateur and professional, are involved in church music, playing in churches. The pipe organ still plays a part in the leading of traditional western Christian worship, with roles including the accompaniment of hymns, choral anthems. The degree to which the organ is involved depending on the church. It also may depend on the standard of the organist, as most churches can afford to employ only one musician, the organist is usually also responsible for directing and rehearsing the choir. In the twentieth-century, many pipe organs were replaced by electronic and digital organs. Sometimes the organist will be assisted by an organ scholar, the post of organist at most of the great cathedrals includes recital work and choral training. Another function of an organist is often as teacher to future players, few organists hold historically special positions such as Carol Williams who is the Civic Organist of San Diego, the last true Civic Organist position still active in this the USA. Since the strengths and weaknesses of the organ are difficult to understand without a deal of playing experience. Since the majority of pre-twentieth-century organs were installed in churches, classical literature was almost exclusively written for liturgical use. A few carry on the tradition today, there are many organists employed in the production of popular and jazz music. In the United States most of them play the Hammond organ, the Royal College of Organists in the United Kingdom is the oldest institution of organ studies. From that sprang the American Guild of Organists, the Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde in Germany, all these institutions are oriented toward the organist involved in classical music rather than popular music. There is also the American Theatre Organ Society
Organist
–
A cathedral organist in
Lausanne Cathedral
Organist
–
The concert organist
Frederik Magle in
Koncerthuset, Copenhagen
11.
Manual (music)
–
A manual is a musical keyboard designed to be played with the hands, on an instrument such as a pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, electronic organ, or synthesizer. The term manual is used with regard to any hand keyboard on these instruments to distinguish it from the pedalboard and it is proper to use manual rather than keyboard, then, when referring to the hand keyboards on any instrument that has a pedalboard. Music written to be played only on the manuals can be designated by manualiter, organs and synthesizers can, and usually do, have more than one manual, most home instruments have two manuals, while most larger organs have two or three. Elaborate pipe and theater organs can have four or more manuals, the manuals are set into the organ console. A typical, full-size organ manual consists of five octaves, or 61 keys, some smaller electronic organs may have manuals of four octaves or less. On smaller electronic organs and synthesizers, the manuals may span fewer octaves and this arrangement encourages the organist to play the melody line on the upper manual as he plays the harmony line or chords on the lower manual. On pipe organs each manual plays a specific subset of the organs stops, synthesizers can program separate manuals to emulate sounds of various orchestral sections or instruments. On such instruments a performer can produce the sounds of an entire orchestra through his or her use of all available manuals in conjunction with the pedalboard, despite the superficial resemblance to piano keyboards, organ manuals require a very different style of playing. Organ keys often require less force to depress than piano keys, when depressed, an organ key continues to sound its note at the same volume until the organist releases the key, unlike a piano key, whose note gradually fades away. Another difference is that of dynamic control, while the piano note, then, can only decay, the organ note may increase in volume or undergo other dynamic changes. All of these mean that both the technique of organ playing and the resulting music are quite different from those of the piano. Nevertheless, the trained pianist may play a basic organ repertoire with little difficulty, although more advanced organ music will require specialized training, theatre pipe organs use the nomenclature Great, Accompaniment, Solo, Bombarde, and Orchestral. Devices known as couplers are available to link the manuals
Manual (music)
–
The three manuals of an electronic organ. The two lower manuals are each five octaves in range; the uppermost manual spans two octaves.
Manual (music)
–
The organ console in St. Mary Redcliffe church in
Bristol, England, with four manuals.
12.
Ann Arbor Film Festival
–
The Ann Arbor Film Festival is an annual film festival held in Ann Arbor in the U. S. state of Michigan. Established in 1963, it is the third-oldest film festival in North America, and it has become one of the premier film festivals for independent and, especially, experimental filmmakers to showcase their work. Now entering its 55th year, the Ann Arbor Film Festival attracts over 3,000 entries from filmmakers in more than 60 countries, created as an alternative to commercial cinema, the annual week-long festival remains true to its original mission of promoting film as an art form. The Ann Arbor Film Festival also fosters the growth of emerging and established film, the festival is open to film and video of all lengths and genres, including experimental, narrative, animation, documentary, and genre hybrids. The festival’s mission is to supporting bold, visionary filmmakers, promote the art of film & new media, the 55th Ann Arbor Film Festival will be held March 21–26,2017. The Ann Arbor Film Festival was founded in 1963 by University of Michigan professor George Manupelli, Manupelli originally screened only films in the 16 mm format, and thus the festival was called the 16 mm Film Festival. The festival gained prominence quickly, as it was one of the few outlets for experimental filmmakers to screen their work, in 1980 the festival moved from Lorch Hall on the University of Michigan campus to the Michigan Theater, an Ann Arbor landmark with a seating capacity of 1700. In 1983, after becoming independent from the University of Michigan, in 2003 the festival began accepting entries in digital formats, opening up the festival to more filmmakers. In 2007 the festival was named one of Variety magazines Top Ten Festivals We Love
Ann Arbor Film Festival
–
Opening animation during the 43rd fest
13.
Ann Arbor Symphony
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The Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra is Ann Arbor, Michigans only professional orchestra. The A2SO began as a community orchestra in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1928, the Ann Arbor Civic Symphony began with only five members and has since blossomed into a full professional orchestra. The Symphony is made up of musicians from Ann Arbor as well as Ypsilanti, Milford, Grand Rapids, Chelsea, Brighton and many areas of Michigan. They are teachers, university professors, college students and professional freelancers, the Ann Arbor Symphony currently performs in the recently renovated, historic Michigan Theater under the direction of Arie Lipsky, who was hired as the A2S0s thirteenth conductor in 2000. Before each performance, Mr. Lipsky gives a lecture about the A2SOs music selections. A highlight of the season is the Symphonys annual celebration of Mozarts Birthday in January, the Ann Arbor Symphony provides many opportunities for music education in the Southeastern Michigan area
Ann Arbor Symphony
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The Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra logo
14.
National Park Service
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It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
National Park Service
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In 1916, a portfolio of nine major parks was published to generate interest. Printed on each brochure was a map showing the parks and principal railroad connections.
National Park Service
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National Park Service Arrowhead
National Park Service
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In 1934, a series of ten postage stamps were issued to commemorate the reorganization and expansion of the National Park Service.
National Park Service
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Grand Canyon National Park, south rim of canyon.
15.
Ann Arbor Public Schools
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Ann Arbor Public Schools serves the city of Ann Arbor, Michigan and parts of eight surrounding townships covering 125 square miles. The Ann Arbor Public Schools is the 8th largest school district among 555 districts in Michigan, the district was founded in 1905. In 2013 the voters approved maintaining the 1 mill sinking fund tax and this rate had been levied since 2002. As of April 2015 the districts overall millage was 2.45 mills and it was scheduled to decrease, but the ballot for the May 5 election included an extension to the millage. District officials stated they would use the millage to pay for transportation and infrastructure upgrades, in 2015 Washtenaw County Circuit Judge Carol Kuhnke ruled that the Ann Arbor district can continue banning guns on its campus properties. As of 2015 the district had 16,815 students, as of that year there are about 64 languages and 85 countries of origin represented in the student body
Ann Arbor Public Schools
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Carpenter Elementary School
Ann Arbor Public Schools
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Skyline High School
Ann Arbor Public Schools
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Slauson Middle School
16.
Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Ann Arbor Huron High School, or Huron High School, is a public high school located in Ann Arbor, MI, in the U. S. The school is part of the Ann Arbor Public Schools district, located at 2727 Fuller Road in eastern Ann Arbor near the banks of the Huron River, it serves grades 9 through 12. Huron is one of the three public high schools in Ann Arbor. Newsweek named the one of Americas Best High Schools in 2012. The school is shaped like an H with two convex wings adjoined by a two floor archway that has become a feature of the building. Huron is a Division I member of the Michigan High School Athletic Association for athletic competition, the school offers 50 different sports comprising 32 varsity level teams, several of them frequently crowned state champions. Huron High School opened in September 1969, prior to Hurons opening, the student body at the citys only other public high school, Ann Arbor High, experienced overcrowding. In 1968, before Hurons building was completed, Eastside students who were to be designated to the new school shared the Pioneer building in a split schedule, due to delays from construction strikes and other issues the planned opening date was pushed back two years from 1967 to 1969. In July 1969, Paul K. Meyers, the first principal of Huron High School, when Huron opened, the school board deliberated over what the new high school would be named. After a poll was taken among the community to determine the name. Despite opposition from the board, the River Rat name maintained popularity among students. The press began using the term River Rats and eventually the name stuck, from 1969 to 1979, Paul K. Meyers served as principal, and was succeeded by Ronald Tesch. His goal was to revive and enhance the cooperation and communication between the faculty and student body. He left the position in 1986, and from 1986 to 1987, in 1987, Huron saw Dr. Joetta Mial begin her tenure as principal, which she served as until 1993. In 1988, the Ann Arbor Board of Education passed a $31 million renovation and construction program, from 1988 to 1991, Huron underwent major renovations in which library and lunchrooms were enlarged. Science and math wings were added and so was the band room, the athletic wing was also added and included a new pool and gym. Hurons dome gym and athletic department were constructed during these renovations, on May 12,1993, the auditorium was dedicated to Paul K. Meyers. After Dr. Joetta Mials departure, from 1993 to 1994, in 1994, Dr. Arthur Williams began his tenure at Huron, and was a strong advocate for reforms
Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Huron High School
Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Ann Arbor Huron High School
17.
Pioneer High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Pioneer High School is a public school in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 2010, Pioneer was listed as a Silver Medal School by the U. S. News & World Report, founded in 1856, Pioneer High School has held several names and occupied various buildings in its 150 years of existence. First known as the Union School, the institution opened on October 5,1856, the school was later renamed Ann Arbor High School, and its yearbook, The Omega, was first published in 1884. In 1904, Ann Arbor High School burned down, and the high school opened in 1906 at the corner of Huron. Through a local essay contest run by The Ann Arbor News, the mascot nickname, construction of the building was completed before Ann Arbor High moved to the new location in the fall of 1956. In 1971, Pioneer II, an offshoot of Pioneer High School, was established. Pioneer High School was the first high school in the US to have a planetarium, as of October 2012, it held the record for being the longest continuously run planetarium in a school in the western hemisphere. The Pioneer Theater Guild won Class A State Championships in 1986, in the fall of 2006, the Pioneer Theater Guild was the first high school theater company to do a stage production of Disneys High School Musical, Willy Wonka, and Miss Saigon. Pioneer Theatre Guild was chosen to perform several musical pilots by Musical Theatre International, including The Little Mermaid, Rock of Ages, in both 2009 and 2010 Pioneer Theatre Guild placed second in the Michigan Interscholastic Forensic Associations theater competition. Pioneer has three separate departments, band, choir, and orchestra. Pioneers band is split into three different classes and it has a varsity band, concert band, symphony band. The level of required to be accepted into the bands are from easiest to hardest. Any students wishing to do band can be accepted to varsity band, students wishing to move to a higher level band, must audition. Pioneers orchestras are similar in hierarchy of its bands and its lowest orchestra is philharmonic orchestra followed by concert orchestra and symphony orchestra. Philharmonic orchestra is offered to anyone wishing to join orchestra, students audition for seats in the concert and symphony orchestras. Pioneers music program won its eighth Grammy Award from the Grammy Foundation in 2015, an award which goes to the best High School music programs in the United States each year. Ann Arbor High School, and its descendant, Pioneer High School, have a tradition in music. Joseph Maddy, the first band director, was a shared employee between the University of Michigan Music Department and the Ann Arbor High School Band
Pioneer High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Pioneer High School: view of the east, or "A Hall," entrance
Pioneer High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Home of Purple Pride
18.
Skyline High School (Michigan)
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Skyline High School is a comprehensive public high school in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The school opened in Fall 2008 with the intention to relieve overcrowding of the two existing schools, Huron High School and Pioneer High School. Skylines first graduating class was in the 2011-2012 school year, Pioneer High School Huron High School Official website Ann Arbor Public Schools
Skyline High School (Michigan)
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Skyline High School Entrance
19.
Community High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Community High School is a public alternative school serving grades 9–12 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the United States. Located on a 3. 2-acre site at 401 North Division Street near the citys Kerrytown district, established in 1972, CHS was one of the first public magnet schools in the country, offering students a smaller alternative to the citys three large comprehensive high schools. It is one of the few surviving institutions among the wave of high schools that were founded across the United States in the 1970s. Unlike many public schools in other cities, CHS is not restricted to a particular student population. Although regular proms were not embraced until the 1990s, in 1974 an openly homosexual student, there was a small prom attended by part of the student body. And Queen John was escorted by the winner of the third floor Euchre tournament, on the court were Marci Woolson, Karim Boukar and two others. By the early 1970s, Ann Arbor had developed a reputation as one of the most liberal campus towns in the country, the city played host to numerous radical political organizations, eventually electing three members of the left-wing Human Rights Party to its city council. The first commencement, held at the nearby St. Andrews Episcopal Church, banished caps, the community-based education concept flourished during CHSs first several years, with students developing 569 Community Resource courses in the Ann Arbor community during the fall of 1974 alone. Within the school itself, unorthodox course offerings included subjects as diverse as dream analysis, maximum individuality within maximum community could well be its banner. Through the 1970s, enrollment remained in the high 300s, dr. R. Wiley Brownlee, a civil-rights activist and former principal of Willow Run High School in Michigan, became CHS dean in the schools second year. In his time at Willow Run High, Brownlee had taken an approach to mounting racial tensions at the school. In 1975, CHS became the first alternative school in Michigan to receive accreditation from the North Central Association of Colleges, through the mid-1970s, CHS was not the only alternative high school in Ann Arbor. Earthworks High School, a school with an even more experimental culture, had been founded as Pioneer II in 1971. The school was initially an offshoot of Pioneer High School, one of the three large traditional schools, and it eventually was merged with CHS. Students and teachers explained that they sought to depart from the model of teaching. Diversity proved one of the stumbling blocks. Before the program opened, some citizens attacked the school board for not considering minority issues, difficulties aside, Earthworks opened in October 1971 with 108 students choosing to attend. The school operated in a building at 995 North Maple Road
Community High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Community High School, Ann Arbor MI
Community High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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CHS's informal mascot, the rainbow-colored AntiZebra, symbolizes nonconformism and individuality
Community High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
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Rear view from N. Fifth and Detroit streets
20.
Clonlara School
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Clonlara School is located in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. The school operates a Campus Program and a Home Based Education Program as alternative education and it has operated a private campus school since 1967. This campus is attended by students daily, in 1979, its Home Based Education Program was established to serve students all over the world. Both the Campus Program and HBEP serve students in Kindergarten through high school graduation, Clonlara School is accredited by Accreditation International, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, and the National Council for Private School Accreditation. In 2013, there were 741 students enrolled in the school, the campus enrollment was 40 students, while the home-based program enrollment was 701 students, approximately two-thirds of whom were in grades 9–12. Graduates have gone on to various pursuits including college, entrepreneurial, Clonlara was founded by Pat Montgomery in 1967 as a private day school. A second program was established in 1979, the Clonlara Home Based Education Program, which accommodates home schooling families in the United States and over 24 other countries
Clonlara School
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Clonlara School
21.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
University of Michigan
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University of Michigan (1855)
Jasper Francis Cropsey
University of Michigan
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Seal of the University of Michigan
University of Michigan
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The Central Campus Diag, viewed from the Graduate Library, looking North
University of Michigan
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Law Library Interior
22.
Concordia University (Michigan)
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Concordia University Ann Arbor is a private liberal arts university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Its 187-acre campus sits on the banks of the Huron River, Concordia is affiliated with the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod and is a college of the Concordia University System. President Rev. Dr. Patrick Ferry is over seeing CUAAs merger with Concordia University Wisconsin, located in Mequon, who is the executive dean of CUW’s School of Pharmacy and former mayor of Mequon, will be serving as Vice President of Administration and Chief Campus Officer at CUAA. Concordia University Ann Arbor has approximately 1,000 students, with a student-faculty ratio of about 15 to 1, Concordia offers over 70 areas of study, graduate programs, a set of adult education programs, and a variety of study-abroad activities. Soon after the dedication, construction began with the goal of opening the college the following fall, there were many who thought that it was not possible to complete the project in such a short time, however the goals were achieved. On September 30,1963, over 15,000 people gathered to dedicate the newly completed college, the institution was originally established as Concordia Lutheran Junior College but underwent multiple name changes over time. The institution changed its name to Concordia College when it began offering degree programs in 1976. In 1977, Concordia began performing the Boars Head Festival, an annual Christmas celebration filled with song, music, and drama, much beloved by current students, alumni, and community members. From 1993 to 1995, it was the home of Accordion Magazine, in 2015, the university purchased the former Ann Arbor campus of the Thomas M. Cooley Law School. The building now houses the universitys new School of Nursing, the first new fully accredited school opened by Concordia since its merger with Concordia University Wisconsin in 2014, CUAA athletic teams are known as the Cardinals. Concordia University Ann Arbors mascot is named Corky the Cardinal, national Championships,1998 - Softball - NCCAA Division I1999 - Softball - NCCAA Division I Official website Official athletics website
Concordia University (Michigan)
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Concordia University Ann Arbor
Concordia University (Michigan)
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Choir singing in the Chapel of the Holy Trinity
Concordia University (Michigan)
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Through central campus
23.
Washtenaw Community College
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Washtenaw Community College is a community college located in Ann Arbor Township, Michigan. Founded in 1965, WCC welcomes more than 13,000 people from over 100 countries for each year. The college offers approximately 100 credit programs in business, health and public service, humanities and social science, math and natural sciences, the campus is home to the Washtenaw Technical Middle College, a charter high school providing students a chance at vocational degrees. The college has centers in Brighton and Hartland and offers courses at high schools in Dexter, Chelsea, Manchester, Milan. The college sponsors off-site extension centers in Brighton, Dexter, Hartland, over 13,000 students enroll in credit classes each fall and winter semester, adults 18–24 years of age represent almost 48 percent of the WCC student body. The college charters Washtenaw Technical Middle College, one of the most successful high school middle colleges in the country, the WCC Foundation provides over $400,000 in scholarships annually. In 2009 WCC received a full ten-year accreditation renewal without contingencies from the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association, Washtenaw offers over 1,000 credit classes and learning off campus at extension centers. Washtenaw Community College is publicly funded, with an operating budget in excess of $98,500,000. A new outdoor athletic complex was dedicated in fall 2010 adjacent to a premier health, after state-funded renovations are completed in fall 2011, a 120, 000-square-foot classroom building will be heated and cooled by the earth through geothermal technology. Orchard Radio broadcasts live on the web and is one of the first Internet-based radio formats produced by a college, the colleges on-site child care center was established in 1968, long before on-site programs became popular with businesses. The college claims ownership of the largest fossiliferous limestone rock ever unearthed in the region, the school newspaper is known as the Washtenaw Voice, a national Pacemaker Award paper. Washtenaw Community College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
Washtenaw Community College
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Washtenaw Community College.
Washtenaw Community College
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The Health & Fitness Center.
24.
Ann Arbor Township
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Ann Arbor Charter Township is a charter township of Washtenaw County in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,361. The city of Ann Arbor is adjacent to the township on the south, small islands of the township also lie within the boundaries of the city of Ann Arbor. Under a 1994 boundary agreement with the city of Ann Arbor, the Township of Ann Arbour was organized in 1827 by the Legislative Council of the Michigan Territory and the Village of Ann Arbour, which later became the City of Ann Arbor, was organized in 1833. As villages remain part of the township, the village of Ann Arbour did not become completely detached from the township until it reorganized as the city of Ann Arbor, the now defunct unincorporated community of Osmer lay in the township. The town was a stop on the Tuscola and Saginaw Bay Railway, another community Cornwell centered around Cornwell Mills, was begun in the township in 1877. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has an area of 16.9 square miles, of which 16.7 square miles is land and 0.15 square miles. The city of Ann Arbor was established within the borders of Ann Arbor Township, over the years, the city expanded, annexing portions of the township as the city grew and reducing the land area of the township. Under a 1994 boundary agreement with the City of Ann Arbor, to the east of Ann Arbor Township lies Superior Township, to the west lies Scio Township, to the south lies Pittsfield Township, and to the north lies Northfield Township. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,720 people,1,972 households, the population density was 267.5 per square mile. There were 2,034 housing units at a density of 115.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the township was 81. 21% White,2. 25% African American,0. 17% Native American,13. 58% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 85% from other races, and 1. 89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 22% of the population,26. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 4. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the family size was 2.84. In the township the population was out with 21. 1% under the age of 18,4. 6% from 18 to 24,30. 9% from 25 to 44,28. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41 years, for every 100 females there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males, the median income for a household in the township was $86,797, and the median income for a family was $103,102. Males had an income of $75,176 versus $45,320 for females
Ann Arbor Township
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Township hall and
fire station
Ann Arbor Township
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Headquarters of
Domino's Pizza
Ann Arbor Township
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Earhart Road
Ann Arbor Township
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Township office
25.
Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum
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The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum was founded in 1978, with approval from the city of Ann Arbor, as a touring collection of exhibits built by local specialists and volunteers. The museum opened at its permanent location in 1982 in the historic brick firehouse with 25 exhibits on two floors, one staff person, and ten volunteers. During the museum’s first year of operation, it welcomed 25,000 guests, children and adults both expressed great curiosity and enthusiasm, which pushed the museum to accelerate its expansion plans. Four years later, the museum opened the third and fourth floors of the firehouse with the help of a Kresge Foundation Challenge Grant, in 1993, the museum purchased several adjoining buildings, which led to the introduction of expanded facilities and educational programs in October 1999. The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum now features over 250 interactive exhibits on subjects including physics, geology, math, music, and technology while entertaining over 200,000 visitors each year. More than just an attraction, the now over 40,000 square foot museum has become a regional destination that draws more than 60 percent of its visitors from outside the Ann Arbor area. The Outreach Program began in 2000 to give children an opportunity to explore science in a classroom, library, festival, the program covers a broad range of science topics, including biology, ecology, physics, chemistry, and math. All programs address objectives outlined in the Michigan Grade Level Content Expectations and include pre-, single Visit Workshops are for Pre K-8th grade classrooms. Series Workshops last anywhere from 3–12 weeks for classes that wish for more in-depth science exploration, family Fun Science Nights include interactive science and math activities geared towards the whole family, encouraging parental involvement in their children’s learning. The museums latest program, Energy on the Road, has not yet begin and this program helps bring science and health related activities and exhibits to the museum and to the hospitals themselves to provide a more enriching stay. It also helps to provide fun activities for the siblings and families of patients at C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital who may miss out on them from being out of school. This exhibit can now be found at the museum and features a vertical pendulum that is driven by a motor at the end of a horizontal arm, among many of the other technology and science driven exhibits at the museum is the Ferrofluid Magnetoscope. Flynn has also showcased his creation around the world in Scotland, Ireland, the Ferrofluid Magnetoscope at the Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is one of only 250 that are available for viewing. The museum building, the former Ann Arbor Central Fire Station, was built in 1882 and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. All About You An exhibit that explores the human body, visitors can climb aboard a full-sized Huron City Ambulance, hear their heartbeat and measure Physical fitness. Preschool Gallery An area designed for four years old and younger. Visitors can splash into the tables, dress up like fire fighters. Legacy Gallery Displays a variety of machines to present how seemingly complex systems work
Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum
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Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum
26.
Blind Pig (venue)
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The Blind Pig is a music venue in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In one popular definition, the name comes from a term used to refer to police officers who had been bribed to ignore illegal speakeasy establishments in the days of prohibition. The club was established as a home for musicians, although today it books predominantly indie rock acts. The Blind Pig opened in 1971, DelGiudice started the still-operating Blind Pig Records recording label in 1975 to showcase music by many of the groups who performed regularly at the club. Isaia and DelGiudice sold the venue in 1979 to Dave Whitmore and they doubled the clubs space by renovating the rear portion of the building, opening the 8-Ball Saloon on the lower level and moving the stage to the more spacious main floor. The expansion made the venue more conducive to crowd-heavy rock shows and has hosted acts such as Joan Baez, Bo Diddley, George Thorogood,10,000 Maniacs, Sonic Youth, Soul Asylum, Soundgarden, The Smashing Pumpkins, Pearl Jam and Nirvana. Since then, the Blind Pig has attracted a stream of up-and-coming acts. In 1989, a then little-known Nirvana performed a show at the Blind Pig, thanks in large part to Soundgarden. In a televised MTV interview years later, they cited the Blind Pig as their all-time favorite venue to play, a tribute to the band created by the Goffetts lines a wall by the entrance to the club. The Blind Pig was cited as one of the reasons for Ann Arbors listing as the #7 Campus Scene That Rocks in a 2003 RollingStone Magazine feature. Official site Blind Pig Records Blind Pig on LocalWiki
Blind Pig (venue)
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The Blind Pig's logo
Blind Pig (venue)
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Blind Pig
27.
Briarwood Mall
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Briarwood Mall is a shopping mall in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. The malls four anchor stores are Macys, JCPenney, Sears, surrounded by office and other development, the mall anchors the southern Ann Arbor commercial area around Eisenhower Boulevard and I-94. It serves as the shopping mall for all of Washtenaw County. Simon Property Group currently manages and co-owns the mall, Briarwood is considered a Class A mall property by developers based on its sales per square foot. Many restaurants, hotels and stores surround the mall, originally developed by developer A. Alfred Taubman, Briarwood opened on October 3,1973. At the time, it was anchored by JCPenney and Sears, a Lord & Taylor wing was added in 1978. The location closed in 1993 and became Jacobsons, which moved from its store in downtown Ann Arbor. After Jacobsons went out of business in 2002, its location became the first Von Maur store in the state of Michigan in September 2003, taubmans shopping center interests became a publicly traded real estate investment trust, Taubman Centers, in 1992. In 1998 Taubman Centers simplified its corporate structure and turned over ownership to its financial partner. Jacobsons would close in 2002 after the chain declared bankruptcy, the mall received a major renovation the following year. Taubman continued to manage the mall until 2004, when The Mills Corporation became 50 percent owner and manager, in 2007, Simon Properties gained control of the Mills. It is Simons very first managed property in the state of Michigan, Briarwood Mall was home to a movie theater at its grand opening, originally run as United Artists Briarwood. After the closure of many of United Artists theaters in the late 1990s, the theater was operated as Madstone Theater of Ann Arbor, Village 7 Theaters, the theater was later reduced to four screens, as the other three screens were taken over by a new Pottery Barn. The theaters closed again in 2010, with an MC Sports replacing them, Briarwood received a major renovation in 2013 with new flooring, new lighting and redesigning the mall entrances. Renovations also included the addition of a rink, LED lighting. Tourism in metropolitan Detroit Notes Official Briarwood Mall website Briarwood Mall on LocalWiki
Briarwood Mall
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Interior
Briarwood Mall
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Mall entrance to Von Maur.
Briarwood Mall
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Mall entrance
Briarwood Mall
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Enclosed shopping malls
28.
Burton Memorial Tower
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The Burton Memorial Tower is a clock tower located on Central Campus at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor at 230 North Ingalls Street. Housing a grand carillon, the tower was built in 1936 as a memorial for University President Marion Leroy Burton and this carillon is the world’s fourth heaviest, containing 53 bells and weighing a total of 43 tons. The monument was constructed in 1935 and finished in 1936 and it is located at the University of Michigan campus, and is used for housing education offices. The design was influenced by Eliel Saarinen, who had submitted an earlier scheme. At the top is the 43-ton, 53-bell Baird Carillon, the Burton Memorial Tower was designed by Albert Kahn, who also designed the William L. Clements Library, Angell Hall, and Hill Auditorium for the University of Michigan. Its carillon was donated by Michigan alumnus Charles A. Baird, a lawyer and the first U-M athletic director, Baird had the bells cast in England and gave them to the university. He also commissioned “Sunday Morning in Deep Waters”, the fountain on Ingalls Mall between Burton Tower and the Michigan League, the University of Michigan has two grand carillons, barely two miles apart. The other is housed at the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Tower on the North Campus, on April 8,2017, in celebration of the universitys bicentennial, the bell tower lit up in blue and maize, the universitys colors. The tower can also display other colors through its LED lights that were installed for the bicentennial
Burton Memorial Tower
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The Burton Memorial Tower
Burton Memorial Tower
29.
Performance Network Theatre
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Performance Network Theatre, founded in 1981, was Ann Arbor, Michigans premiere professional Equity theatre. It produced a variety of dramas, classics, comedies, Pulitzer Prize and Tony award-winners. Its professional season included five to seven main stage productions, on December 18,2015, the Theatre announced that it would close at the conclusion of the year. Performance Network was a 501 nonprofit organization that began its tenure in Ann Arbor in 1981, Performance Network became Ann Arbor’s professional theatre in September 1997 and built an elegant theatre in the heart of downtown in September 2000. Performance Network’s primary stage, the Shure Theater, was a space that seated 139 patrons. David Bernstein and Jim Moran founded the Performance Network Theatre in 1981 as an arts collective, in addition to Bernstein and Moran, active collective members in the playwriting group included Lyn Coffin, Davi Napoleon, Judith Ottmar, Al Sjoerdsma and Rochel Urist. The theatre evolved into a corporation in the mid-eighties. In 1997, Performance Network secured a contract with Actors’ Equity, in 2003, direction of the theatre was turned over to Milarch and Wolber. Under Milarch and Wolber, Performance Network excelled at choosing a wide range of artistically challenging shows, in order to continue producing high quality work Milarch decided to join Wolber in the Artistic department. In 2012, Performance Network switched to a leadership structure. In May 2014, the Board of Directors suspended all operations, as the theater did not have resources to pay its staff, actors and vendors in a timely manner, and to make debt payments. In July 2014, the Board announced that the theatre would reopen under the management of local actor-directors John Manfredi, under the new management team, the Network produced one and a half seasons. Despite excellent reviews for some of the productions, both sales and donations dropped precipitously. In October 2015, the announced that unless it could raise $50,000 before Thanksgiving. The funding campaign failed to reach its goal, in December, the staff and Board of Directors announced that the theatre company was no longer sustainable. The professional season included classic and contemporary plays under a Small Professional Theatre contract with Actors’ Equity Association, Performance Network strived to include a classic play, musical, and world premiere in each season. The season began in the fall and ran a full year, patrons could purchase a subscription to the professional season that gives them tickets at a discounted rate. Alternatively, patrons could purchase “Flex Tickets” or anytime tickets to use in any combination for any number of shows they pleased over the course of the season, Performance Network’s Apprenticeship program offered an intensive year-long paid position
Performance Network Theatre
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Performance Network Theatre
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