1.
Microsoft Office
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Microsoft Office is an office suite of applications, servers, and services developed by Microsoft. It was first announced by Bill Gates on 1 August 1988, initially a marketing term for a bundled set of applications, the first version of Office contained Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Over the years, Office applications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a spell checker, OLE data integration. Microsoft also positions Office as a development platform for software under the Office Business Applications brand. On 10 July 2012, Softpedia reported that Office is used by over a billion people worldwide, Office is produced in several versions targeted towards different end-users and computing environments. The original, and most widely used version, is the version, available for PCs running the Windows. The most current desktop version is Office 2016 for Windows and macOS, released on 22 September 2015 and 9 July 2015, more recently, Microsoft developed Office Mobile, which are free-to-use versions of Office applications for mobile devices. Microsoft also produces and runs Office Online, a version of core Office apps. Microsoft Word is a word processor available for Windows and macOS, Word is also included in some editions of the now discontinued Microsoft Works. The first version of Word, released in the autumn of 1983, was for the MS-DOS operating system and had the distinction of introducing the mouse to a broad population, Word 1.0 could be purchased with a bundled mouse, though none was required. Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Macintosh attempted to add closer WYSIWYG features into its package, Word for Mac was released in 1985. Word for Mac was the first graphical version of Microsoft Word and its proprietary Doc format is a de facto standard, although Word 2007 deprecated this format in favor of Office Open XML, which was later standardized by Ecma International as an open format. Support for Portable Document Format and OpenDocument was first introduced in Word for Windows with Service Pack 2 for Word 2007, Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that originally competed with the dominant Lotus 1-2-3, and eventually outsold it. It is available for the Windows and macOS platforms, Microsoft released the first version of Excel for the Mac OS in 1985, and the first Windows version in November 1987. Microsoft PowerPoint is a program for Windows and macOS. It is used to create slideshows, composed of text, graphics, and other objects, Microsoft Access is a database management system for Windows that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. Microsoft Access stores data in its own based on the Access Jet Database Engine. It can also import or link directly to data stored in other applications, Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager
2.
Office 365
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Office 365 is the brand name Microsoft uses for a group of software and services subscriptions, which together provide productivity software and related services to subscribers. For consumers, the allows the use of Microsoft Office apps on Windows and macOS, provides storage space on Microsofts cloud storage service OneDrive. After a beta test that began in October 2010, Microsoft launched Office 365 on June 28,2011, as a successor to Microsoft Business Productivity Online Suite, originally aimed at corporate users. Following the official launch of the service, Business Productivity Online Suite customers were given 12 months to plan, with the release of Office 2013, an updated version of the Office 365 platform was launched on February 27,2013. The server components were updated to their respective 2013 versions, and Microsoft expanded the Office 365 service with new plans, such as Small Business Premium, Midsize Premium, the plan is aimed at mainstream consumers, especially those who want to install Office on multiple computers. A University plan was introduced, targeted towards users going to post-secondary education. The ability to provide a link to a Yammer network from an Office 365 portal was introduced in June 2013, with heavier integration to be introduced in July 2013. On July 8,2013, Microsoft unveiled Power BI, a suite of intelligence and self-serve data mining tools for Office 365. Users will also be able to access and publish reports, in March 2014, Microsoft announced that it would rename the Home Premium plan to Home, and add a new Personal plan for single users, these new options officially launched on April 15,2014. In June 2014, the amount of OneDrive storage offered to Office 365 subscribers was increased to 1 terabyte from 20 GB, on October 27,2014, Microsoft announced that Office 365 subscribers would receive unlimited OneDrive storage. Due to abuse and a reduction in storage options implemented by Microsoft. In June 2016, Microsoft made Planner available for general release and it is considered to be a competitor to Trello and to other agile team collaboration cloud services. The Office 365 service consists of a number of products and services, the email service, task management, calendar application, and contacts manager included with business and enterprise Office 365 subscriptions are under the Outlook on the web brand. It includes Outlook Mail, Outlook Calendar, Outlook People, Microsoft introduced an email feature called Clutter with Office 365. Clutter remembers users preferences as it comes to the relevance and importance of emails and it analyses users pattern of behavior about email topics, if user keeps ignoring emails about a certain topic, Clutter moves those emails to a folder with the same name in Outlook. Users can enable and disable this feature by logging on to Office 365 portal, through SharePoints OneDrive for Business functionality, each user also receives 15 GB of online storage. Some plans for Office 365 also include access to the current versions of the Office desktop applications for both Windows and OS X for the period of the subscription, updates to the software are installed automatically, covering both security updates and major new versions of Office. If an Office 365 subscription lapses, the applications enter a read-only mode where editing functionality is disabled, full functionality is restored once a new subscription is purchased and activated
3.
OneDrive
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OneDrive is a file-hosting service operated by Microsoft as part of its suite of online services. It allows users to store files as well as personal data like Windows settings or BitLocker recovery keys in the cloud. Files can be synced to a PC and accessed from a web browser or a mobile device, OneDrive offers 5 GB of storage space for free, additional storage can be added either separately or through subscriptions to other Microsoft services like Office 365 and Groove Music. At its launch the service, known as Windows Live Folders at the time, was provided as a limited beta available to a few testers in the United States, on August 1,2007, the service was expanded to a wider audience. Shortly thereafter, on August 9,2007, the service was renamed Windows Live SkyDrive and made available to testers in the United Kingdom, as of 22 May 2008 SkyDrive was initially available in 38 countries and regions. Microsoft also added the ability to have full-screen slide shows for photos using Silverlight, SkyDrive was updated to Wave 4 release on June 7,2010, and added the ability to work with Office Web Apps, with versioning. In this update, due to the discontinuation of Windows Live Toolbar, in June 2010, users of Office Live Workspace, released in October 2007, were migrated to Windows Live Office. The migration included all existing workspaces, documents, and sharing permissions, on June 20,2011, Microsoft overhauled the user interface for SkyDrive, built using HTML5 technologies. The updated version featured caching, hardware acceleration, HTML5 video, quick views, cleaner arrangement of photos, Microsoft also doubled the file size limit from 50 MB to 100 MB per file. With this update, Microsoft consolidated the different entry points for SkyDrive, such as Windows Live Photos and Windows Live Office, files and folders shared with a user, including those in Windows Live Groups, were also accessible in the new interface. On November 29,2011, Microsoft updated SkyDrive to make sharing and file management easier, as well as HTML5 and this update also allowed users to see how much storage they had, a feature that had been removed in the previous update as part of the redesign. On December 3,2011, Microsoft released SkyDrive apps for iOS and Windows Phone, in addition, SkyDrive also provided additional storage available for purchase and reduced the free storage space for new users to 7 GB. Existing users were offered an upgrade offer to retain their 25 GB of free storage. The updated SkyDrive also allowed files up to 2 GB in size, the update also brought additional features such as Open Document Format capability, URL shortening services and direct sharing of files to Twitter. For SkyDrive. com, the updates brought a new design for the web service consistent with Outlook. For the SkyDrive for Windows desktop and macOS applications, the update brought new performance improvements to photo uploads, on August 28,2012, Microsoft released a SkyDrive app for Android on Google Play store. On September 18,2012, Microsoft also introduced a recycle bin feature on SkyDrive, on July 31,2013, in a joint press release between BSkyB and Microsoft, it was announced that a settlement had been reached and as a result the SkyDrive name would be dropped. BSkyB allowed Microsoft to continue using the brand for a period of time to allow for an orderly transition to a new brand
4.
Machine learning
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Machine learning is the subfield of computer science that, according to Arthur Samuel in 1959, gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning is related to computational statistics, which also focuses on prediction-making through the use of computers. It has strong ties to optimization, which delivers methods, theory. Machine learning is sometimes conflated with data mining, where the latter subfield focuses more on data analysis and is known as unsupervised learning. Machine learning can also be unsupervised and be used to learn and establish baseline behavioral profiles for various entities, tom M. be replaced with the question Can machines do what we can do. In the proposal he explores the characteristics that could be possessed by a thinking machine. Machine learning tasks are typically classified into three categories, depending on the nature of the learning signal or feedback available to a learning system. These are Supervised learning, The computer is presented with example inputs and their outputs, given by a teacher. Unsupervised learning, No labels are given to the learning algorithm, unsupervised learning can be a goal in itself or a means towards an end. Reinforcement learning, A computer program interacts with an environment in which it must perform a certain goal. The program is provided feedback in terms of rewards and punishments as it navigates its problem space, between supervised and unsupervised learning is semi-supervised learning, where the teacher gives an incomplete training signal, a training set with some of the target outputs missing. Transduction is a case of this principle where the entire set of problem instances is known at learning time. Among other categories of machine learning problems, learning to learn learns its own inductive bias based on previous experience and this is typically tackled in a supervised way. Spam filtering is an example of classification, where the inputs are email messages, in regression, also a supervised problem, the outputs are continuous rather than discrete. In clustering, a set of inputs is to be divided into groups, unlike in classification, the groups are not known beforehand, making this typically an unsupervised task. Density estimation finds the distribution of inputs in some space, dimensionality reduction simplifies inputs by mapping them into a lower-dimensional space. Topic modeling is a problem, where a program is given a list of human language documents and is tasked to find out which documents cover similar topics. As a scientific endeavour, machine learning grew out of the quest for artificial intelligence, already in the early days of AI as an academic discipline, some researchers were interested in having machines learn from data
5.
Artificial intelligence
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Artificial intelligence is intelligence exhibited by machines. Colloquially, the artificial intelligence is applied when a machine mimics cognitive functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning. As machines become increasingly capable, mental facilities once thought to require intelligence are removed from the definition, for instance, optical character recognition is no longer perceived as an example of artificial intelligence, having become a routine technology. AI research is divided into subfields that focus on specific problems or on specific approaches or on the use of a tool or towards satisfying particular applications. The central problems of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, general intelligence is among the fields long-term goals. Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence, and traditional symbolic AI, Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience, the field was founded on the claim that human intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. Some people also consider AI a danger to humanity if it progresses unabatedly, while thought-capable artificial beings appeared as storytelling devices in antiquity, the idea of actually trying to build a machine to perform useful reasoning may have begun with Ramon Llull. With his Calculus ratiocinator, Gottfried Leibniz extended the concept of the calculating machine, since the 19th century, artificial beings are common in fiction, as in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or Karel Čapeks R. U. R. The study of mechanical or formal reasoning began with philosophers and mathematicians in antiquity, in the 19th century, George Boole refined those ideas into propositional logic and Gottlob Frege developed a notational system for mechanical reasoning. Around the 1940s, Alan Turings theory of computation suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as simple as 0 and 1 and this insight, that digital computers can simulate any process of formal reasoning, is known as the Church–Turing thesis. Along with concurrent discoveries in neurology, information theory and cybernetics, the first work that is now generally recognized as AI was McCullouch and Pitts 1943 formal design for Turing-complete artificial neurons. The field of AI research was born at a conference at Dartmouth College in 1956, attendees Allen Newell, Herbert Simon, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky and Arthur Samuel became the founders and leaders of AI research. At the conference, Newell and Simon, together with programmer J. C, shaw, presented the first true artificial intelligence program, the Logic Theorist. This spurred tremendous research in the domain, computers were winning at checkers, solving problems in algebra, proving logical theorems. By the middle of the 1960s, research in the U. S. was heavily funded by the Department of Defense and laboratories had been established around the world. AIs founders were optimistic about the future, Herbert Simon predicted, machines will be capable, within twenty years, Marvin Minsky agreed, writing, within a generation. The problem of creating artificial intelligence will substantially be solved and they failed to recognize the difficulty of some of the remaining tasks
6.
Formula editor
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A formula editor is a name for a computer program that is used to typeset mathematical works or formulae. Content for formula editors can be provided using a markup language. TeX or MathML, via a point-and-click GUI, or as computer generated results from symbolic computations such as Mathematica, some systems are capable of re-formatting formulae into simpler forms or to adjust line-breaking automatically, while preserving the mathematical meaning of a formula. It aims at integrating mathematical formulae into World Wide Web pages and it is a recommendation of the W3C math working group
7.
WYSIWYG
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WYSIWYG is an acronym for what you see is what you get. WYSIWYG implies a user interface allows the user to view something very similar to the end result while the document is being created. In general, WYSIWYG implies the ability to manipulate the layout of a document without having to type or remember names of layout commands. The actual meaning depends on the perspective, e. g. WYSIWYG also describes ways to manipulate 3D models in stereo-chemistry, computer-aided design. Modern software does a job of optimizing the screen display for a particular type of output. For example, a processor is optimized for output to a typical printer. The software often emulates the resolution of the printer in order to get as close as possible to WYSIWYG, however, that is not the main attraction of WYSIWYG, which is the ability of the user to be able to visualize what they are producing. In many situations, the differences between what the user sees and what the user gets are unimportant. A preview mode, in which the attempts to present a representation that is as close to the final result as possible. Before the adoption of WYSIWYG techniques, text appeared in editors using the standard typeface. Users were required to enter special non-printing control codes to indicate that text should be in boldface, italics. In this environment there was little distinction between text editors and word processors. These applications typically used an arbitrary markup language to define the codes/tags, each program had its own special way to format a document, and it was a difficult and time-consuming process to change from one word processor to another. The use of tags and codes remains popular today in some applications due to their ability to store complex formatting information. When the tags are made visible in the editor, however, they occupy space in the text and so disrupt the desired layout. The Alto monitor was designed so that one page of text could be seen and then printed on the first laser printers. Bravo was released commercially and the software included in the Xerox Star can be seen as a direct descendant of it. The first release, named BRUNO, ran on the HP1000 minicomputer taking advantage of HPs first bitmapped computer terminal the HP2640, BRUNO was then ported to the HP-3000 and re-released as HP Draw
8.
MathType
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MathType is a software application created by Design Science that allows the creation of mathematical notation for inclusion in desktop and web applications. MathType is an editor for mathematical equations, allowing entry with the mouse or keyboard in a full graphical WYSIWYG environment. This contrasts to document markup languages such as LaTeX where equations are entered as markup in a text editor, MathType also supports the math markup languages TeX, LaTeX and MathML. LaTeX can be entered directly into MathType, and MathType equations in Microsoft Word can be converted to, MathType supports copying to and pasting from any of these markup languages. Additionally, on Windows 7 and later, equations may be using a touch screen or pen via the math input panel. By default, MathType equations are typeset in Times New Roman, with Symbol used for symbols, equations may also be typeset in Euclid, a modern font like Computer Modern used in TeX, and this is included with the software. Roman characters may be typeset in any font that contains those characters, on Windows, MathType supports object linking and embedding, which is the standard Windows mechanism for including information from one application in another. In particular office suites such as Microsoft Office and OpenOffice. org for Windows allow MathType equations to be embedded in this way. Equations embedded using OLE are displayed and printed as graphics in the host application, on Macs, there is no analogous standard to OLE so support is not universal. Microsoft Office for Mac supports OLE, so MathType equations may be used there as usual, MathType has support for Apple iWork 09, so equations may be embedded and updated seamlessly in that product too. In applications where no other possibility is available, such as OpenOffice. org for Mac, Design Science recommends exporting equations as images and embedding those images into documents. As on Windows there is a plugin for Microsoft Word for Mac, which adds equation formatting features such as equation numbering, appleWorks included a special version of MathType for built-in equation editing. For Web applications such as Gmail and Google Docs, MathType supports copying to HTML <img> tags, Design Science also markets the related MathDaisy application, which allows export of MathType to the DAISY digital talking book system, targeted at people with print disabilities. It includes support for the Save As DAISY add-in for Microsoft Word, Microsoft Equation Editor is a cut-down version of MathType included in Microsoft Office products. Although fully functional, it lacks some features of MathType, in previous versions of Office it was the default method of inserting and editing equations, but as of more recent versions it has been supplanted by a new, built-in equation-editing system. This latter first found in the Fluent User Interface in some applications in Office 2007, Design Science has released the following versions of MathType MathJax Foster, K. R. Mathtype 5 with mathML for the WWW
9.
Dialog box
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The graphical control element dialog box is a small window that communicates information to the user and prompts them for a response. Dialog boxes are classified as modal or modeless, depending on whether they block interaction with the software that initiated the dialog, the type of dialog box displayed is dependent upon the desired user interaction. An example of a box is the about box found in many software programs, which usually displays the name of the program, its version number. Non-modal or modeless dialog boxes are used when the information is not essential to continue. In general, good software design calls for dialogs to be of this type where possible, an example might be a dialog of settings for the current document, e. g. the background and text colors. The user can continue adding text to the main window whatever color it is, usability practitioners generally regard modal dialogs as bad design-solutions, since they are prone to produce mode errors. Dangerous actions should be undoable wherever possible, a modal alert dialog that appears unexpectedly or which is dismissed automatically will not protect from the dangerous action, a modal dialog interrupts the main workflow. This effect has either been sought by the developer because it focuses on the completion of the task at hand or rejected because it prevents the user from changing to a different task when needed. The concept of a document modal dialog has recently used, most notably in OS X. In the first case, they are shown as sheets attached to a parent window and these dialogs block only that window until the user dismisses the dialog, permitting work in other windows to continue, even within the same application. In OS X, dialogs appear to emanate from a slot in their parent window and this helps to let the user understand that the dialog is attached to the parent window, not just shown in front of it. The OS X dialog box blocks the parent window, preventing the user from referring to it while interacting with the dialog and this may require the user to close the dialog to access the necessary information, then re-open the dialog box to continue
10.
Microsoft Word
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Microsoft Word is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25,1983 under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems, commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite. Microsoft Word Viewer and Office Online are freeware editions of Word with limited features, in 1981, Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUI word processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC. Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix and MS-DOS in 1983. Its name was simplified to Microsoft Word. Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of PC World and that year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows. Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse and it was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordStar. However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions 2.0 through 5.0 over the six years. In 1985, Microsoft ported Word to Mac OS and this was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public. Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features and it fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than MacWrite. After its release, Word for Mac OSs sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years, Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word 3.0 was superseded by a more stable Word 3.01, after MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mid-1990s, Word for Mac OS never had any serious rivals. Word 5.1 for Mac OS, released in 1992, was a popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS ever created, in 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word 1.05 for the Mac OS and was never updated due to the degree of software piracy on the Atari platform. The first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989, with the release of Windows 3.0 the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers. When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it made Microsoft Word 5.5 for DOS available for download free, as of March 2014, it is still available for download from Microsofts web site. In 1991, Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up, both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base
11.
Ribbon (computing)
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In computer interface design, a ribbon is a graphical control element in the form of a set of toolbars placed on several tabs. Such ribbons use tabs to expose different sets of controls, eliminating the need for numerous parallel toolbars, contextual tabs are tabs that appear only when the user needs them. For instance, in a processor, an image-related tab may appear when the user selects an image in a document. The usage of the term dates from the 1980s and was originally used as a synonym for what is now more commonly known as a toolbar. However, in 2007, Microsoft Office 2007 used the term to refer to its own implementation of tabbed toolbars bearing heterogeneous controls, thus, Microsoft popularized the term with a new meaning, although similar tabbed layouts of controls had existed in previous software from other vendors. The new design was intended to alleviate the problem of not finding or knowing of the existence of available features in the Office suite. Toolbar controls have heterogeneous sizes and are classified in visually distinguishable groups, Microsoft applications implementing ribbons each have a different set of tabs which house user controls for that application. Within each tab, various related controls may be grouped together, double-clicking the active tab or clicking the Minimize button hides the command panel, leaving only the tabs visible. Repeating this action reveals the pane, the ribbon consolidates the functionality previously found in menus, toolbars and occasionally task panes into one area. In Microsoft Office 2007, only Word, Excel, Access, with the release of Microsoft Office 2010, however, ribbons were implemented in the rest of the Microsoft Office applications. Microsoft Office 2010 added additional end-user customization support to its user interface, Microsoft gradually implemented ribbons in other software. The fourth wave of Windows Live Essentials applications, including Mail, Photo Gallery, Movie Maker and Writer, on Windows 7, Paint and WordPad feature ribbons. On Windows 8, File Explorer followed suit, ribbons also appeared in SQL Server Report Builder, Dynamics CRM2011, Microsoft WebMatrix, Microsoft Mathematics v4.0, Microsoft EMET4.0 and Microsoft Message Analyzer. Internet Explorer, Notepad and Visual Studio, however, do not have a ribbon, the Nielsen Norman Group published some examples in a 2008 GUI showcase report. In June 2008, Red Flag Software released RedOffice 4.0 beta, in November 2008 Sun Microsystems started the project Renaissance to improve the user interface of OpenOffice. org. So far the prototypes of the project are frequently seen as similar to ribbons, prior to Microsofts introduction of ribbons in Office 2007, the user interface for its Office suites had barely changed since the introduction of Office 97 on 19 November 1996. Because of this, users became accustomed to this style of interface, when Microsoft implemented ribbons, it was met with mixed reactions. Jeff Atwood thought the new system made menus obsolete as a cornerstone of the WIMP interface when it was first revealed in 2005, redmondmag. com reported that power users feel the ribbons take too much time and patience to learn
12.
Object Linking and Embedding
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Object Linking and Embedding is a proprietary technology developed by Microsoft that allows embedding and linking to documents and other objects. For developers, it brought OLE Control Extension, a way to develop, on a technical level, an OLE object is any object that implements the IOleObject interface, possibly along with a wide range of other interfaces, depending on the objects needs. OLE allows an application to export part of a document to another editing application. For example, a publishing system might send some text to a word processor or a picture to a bitmap editor using OLE. The main benefit of OLE is to add different kinds of data to a document from different applications, like a text editor and this creates a Compound File Binary Format document and a master file to which the document makes reference. Changes to data in the file immediately affect the document that references it. Its primary use is for managing Compound File Binary Formats, OLE1.0, released in 1990, was an evolution of the original Dynamic Data Exchange concept that Microsoft developed for earlier versions of Windows. OLE servers and clients communicate with system libraries using virtual function tables, the VTBL consists of a structure of function pointers that the system library can use to communicate with the server or client. The server and client libraries, OLESVR. DLL and OLECLI. DLL, were designed to communicate between themselves using the WM_DDE_EXECUTE message. OLE1.0 later evolved to become an architecture for software known as the Component Object Model. When an OLE object is placed on the clipboard or embedded in a document and this allows applications to display the object without loading the application used to create the object, while also allowing the object to be edited, if the appropriate application is installed. The Object Packager, a component of OLE, shipping from Windows 3.1 up to Windows XP allows an object to be packaged so it can be embedded into an OLE client. OLE2.0 was the evolution of OLE, sharing many of the same goals as version 1.0. New features were OLE automation, drag-and-drop, in-place activation and structured storage, monikers evolved from OLE1 object names, and provided a hierarchical object and resource naming system similar to URLs or URIs, which were independently invented. Windows now has merged the two technologies supporting a URL Moniker type, and a Moniker URL scheme, OLE custom controls were introduced in 1994 as a replacement for the now deprecated Visual Basic Extension controls. Instead of upgrading these, the new architecture was based on OLE, in particular, any container that supported OLE2.0 could already embed OLE custom controls, although these controls cannot react to events unless the container supports this. OLE custom controls are usually shipped in the form of a link library with the. ocx extension. In 1996 all interfaces for controls were made optional to keep the size of controls down, so they would download faster
13.
Microsoft Graph
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Microsoft Office shared tools are software components that are included in all Microsoft Office products. Office Delve allows Office 365 users to search and manage their emails, meetings, contacts, social networks, Delve uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to try to show the most relevant people and content. In April 2015 Microsoft launched a version of Office Delve in the App Store. It is a version of Design Sciences MathType, evidenced with a dialog box enticing the user to upgrade to the full. It can be used as a program or it can also be used as an embedded object from within applications that support OLE. Its feature set has not changed significantly since its introduction in Word for Windows version 2.0, beginning with Office 2007, Equation Editor is no longer the default method of creating equations, and is kept for compatibility with old documents only. Microsoft Graph, in April 2015 Microsoft launched the preview of the Microsoft Graph as the unified API endpoint for its productivity services under Office 365 and Azure AD. Microsoft Graph exposes multiple APIs from Office 365 and other Microsoft cloud services through a single endpoint, https, Microsoft Graph reached general availability in November 2015 and is now their preferred API to access data and intelligence from Office 365 and the Microsoft cloud. Previous use of the name Microsoft Graph in 1990s, Microsoft Graph is an OLE application deployed by Microsoft Office programs such as Excel and Access to create charts, the program is available as an OLE application object in Visual Basic. Microsoft Graph supports many different types of charts, but its output is dated, Office 2003 was the last version to use Microsoft Graph for hosting charts inside Office applications as OLE objects. Office 2007, specifically, Excel 2007 includes a new integrated charting engine, the new engine supports advanced formatting, including 3D rendering, transparencies, and shadows. Chart layouts can also be customized to highlight trends in the data. Microsoft Graph still exists for compatibility reasons, but the points are removed. This product can be used within other products, and is available in the Object menu in the Insert tab in Office Programs, Microsoft Chart shared its box design and two-line menu with Multiplan, and could import Multiplan data. The simple graphs were drawn on the screen in graphics mode, the main drawback of Microsofts solution at the time was the need to exit Multiplan and then load Chart to compose and draw a graph, because MS-DOS was not a multitasking operating system. In the early 1990s, Microsoft Chart was renamed Microsoft Graph and it allows users to create stylized text with various special effects such as textures, outlines, and many other manipulations that are not available through the standard font formatting. For example, one can create shadows, rotate, bend and it is also available in Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, and Microsoft Publisher. In Office 2010 and 2016 i. e. Office 265, users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, gradient glow, and reflection to their text
14.
Microsoft Excel
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Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993. Excel forms part of Microsoft Office, Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering, in addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives, Excel was not designed to be used as a database. Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in which Excel starts, the Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsofts Visual Basic for Applications, which is a dialect of Visual Basic. Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques, programmers may write code directly using the Visual Basic Editor, which includes a window for writing code, debugging code, and code module organization environment. A common and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder, the Macro Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions can then be repeated automatically by running the macro, the macros can also be linked to different trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a command button or a graphic. The actions in the macro can be executed from these types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro can also be edited in the VBE, advanced users can employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such as sheets being loaded or changed. Macro Recorded code may not be compatible between Excel versions, some code that is used in Excel 2010 can not be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the colors and making changes to other aspects of cells may not be backward compatible. User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate like macros generated using the macro recorder, from its first version Excel supported end user programming of macros and user defined functions.0. Beginning with version 5.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default, after version 5.0 that option was discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2010 are capable of running an XLM macro, Excel supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. The generated graphic component can either be embedded within the current sheet and these displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells change
15.
Microsoft Access
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Microsoft Access is a database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional, Microsoft Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Jet Database Engine. It can also import or link directly to data stored in other applications, software developers, data architects and power users can use Microsoft Access to develop application software. Visual objects used in forms and reports expose their methods and properties in the VBA programming environment, Microsofts first attempt to sell a relational database product was during the mid 1980s, when Microsoft obtained the license to sell R, Base. In the late 1980s Microsoft developed its own solution codenamed Omega and it was confirmed in 1988 that a database product for Windows and OS/2 was in development. Omega was also expected to provide a front end to the Microsoft SQL Server, the application was very resource-hungry, and there were reports that it was working slowly on the 386 processors that were available at the time. It was scheduled to be released in the 1st quarter of 1990, parts of the project were later used for other Microsoft projects, Cirrus and Thunder. After Accesss premiere, the Omega project was demonstrated in 1992 to several journalists, after the Omega project was scrapped, some of its developers were assigned to the Cirrus project. Its goal was to create a competitor for applications like Paradox or dBase that would work on Windows, after Microsoft acquired FoxPro, there were rumors that the Microsoft project might get replaced with it, but the company decided to develop them in parallel. It was assumed that the project would use of Extensible Storage Engine but, in the end. The project used some of the code from both the Omega project and a version of Visual Basic. In July 1992, betas of Cirrus shipped to developers and the name Access became the name of the product. The product shipped on seven 1.44 MB diskettes, the manual shows a 1994 copyright date. Originally, the software worked well with relatively small databases but testing showed that some circumstances caused data corruption. With Office 95, Microsoft Access 7.0 became part of the Microsoft Office Professional Suite, joining Microsoft Excel, Word, since then, Microsoft has released new versions of Microsoft Access with each release of Microsoft Office. This includes Access 97, Access 2000, Access 2002, Access 2003, Access 2007, Access 2010, and Access 2013. Versions 3.0 and 3.5 of Microsoft Jet database engine had an issue which made these versions of Access unusable on a computer with more than 1 GB of memory. While Microsoft fixed this problem for Jet 3. 5/Access 97 post-release, the native Access database format has also evolved over the years
16.
Visual Basic
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Microsoft intended Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn and use. A programmer can create an application using the components provided by the Visual Basic program itself, over time the community of programmers developed third party components. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, the final release was version 6 in 1998. On April 8,2008 Microsoft stopped supporting Visual Basic 6.0 IDE, in 2014, some software developers still preferred Visual Basic 6.0 over its successor, Visual Basic. NET. In 2014 some developers lobbied for a new version of Visual Basic 6.0, in 2016, Visual Basic 6.0 won the technical impact award at The 19th Annual D. I. C. E. A dialect of Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications, is used as a macro or scripting language within several Microsoft applications, like the BASIC programming language, Visual Basic was designed to accommodate a steep learning curve. Programmers can create simple and complex GUI applications. Since VB defines default attributes and actions for the components, a programmer can develop a program without writing much code. Programs built with earlier versions suffered performance problems, but faster computers, though VB programs can be compiled into native code executables from version 5 on, they still require the presence of around 1 MB of runtime libraries. Core runtime libraries are included by default in Windows 2000 and later, earlier versions of Windows, require that the runtime libraries be distributed with the executable. Forms are created using drag-and-drop techniques, a tool is used to place controls on the form. Controls have attributes and event handlers associated with them, default values are provided when the control is created, but may be changed by the programmer. Many attribute values can be modified during run time based on actions or changes in the environment. For example, code can be inserted into the form resize event handler to reposition a control so that it remains centered on the form, expands to fill up the form, etc. Visual Basic can create executables, ActiveX controls, or DLL files, dialog boxes with less functionality can be used to provide pop-up capabilities. Controls provide the functionality of the application, while programmers can insert additional logic within the appropriate event handlers. For example, a drop-down combination box automatically displays a list, when the user selects an element, an event handler is called that executes code that the programmer created to perform the action for that list item. Alternatively, a Visual Basic component can have no user interface and this allows for server-side processing or an add-in module
17.
Office 2007
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Microsoft Office 2007 is a version of Microsoft Office, a family of office suites and productivity software for Windows, developed and published by Microsoft. It was preceded by Office 2003 and succeeded by Office 2010, Office 2007 introduced a new graphical user interface called the Fluent User Interface, which uses ribbons and an Office menu instead of menu bars and toolbars. Office 2007 also introduced Office Open XML file formats as the file formats in Excel, PowerPoint. The new formats are intended to facilitate the sharing of information between programs, improve security, reduce the size of documents, and enable new recovery scenarios. With Microsoft FrontPage discontinued, Microsoft SharePoint Designer, which is aimed towards development of SharePoint portals and its designer-oriented counterpart, Microsoft Expression Web, is targeted for general web development. However, neither application has been included in Office 2007 software suites, Speech recognition functionality has been removed from the individual programs in the Office 2007 suite, as Windows Speech Recognition was integrated into Windows Vista. Windows XP users must install a version of Office to use speech recognition features. According to Forrester Research, as of May 2010, Microsoft Office 2007 is used in 81% of enterprises it surveyed, the first beta of Microsoft Office 2007, referred to as Beta-1 in emails sent to a small number of testers, was released on November 16,2005. The Beta-1 Technical Refresh was released to testers on March 13,2006, the Technical Refresh fixed issues in installing with Windows Vista build 5308. Microsoft revealed the ribbon on March 9,2006 at CeBIT in Germany, Office 2007 Beta 2 was announced by Bill Gates at WinHEC2006, and was initially released to the public at no cost from Microsofts web site. However, because of a number of downloads, a fee of $1.50 was introduced for each product downloaded after August 2,2006. The beta was updated on September 14,2006 in Beta 2 Technical Refresh and it included an updated user interface, better accessibility support, improvements in the robustness of the platform, and greater functionality. The beta versions continued to function in a reduced functionality mode after February 1,2007, if users downloaded the Technical Refresh to update Beta 2, then users could use its full functionality until March 31,2007 for client products and May 15,2007 for server products. The Beta program ended on November 8,2006, when Microsoft declared the product Released to Manufacturing, after RTM, the availability of the beta download ended. Office 2007 was released to volume licensing customers on November 30,2006, since the initial release of Microsoft Office 2007, three service packs containing updates as well as additional features have been released. Microsoft Office 2007 Service Packs are cumulative, so previous Service Packs are not a prerequisite for installation, Microsoft Office 2007 Service Pack 1 was released on December 11,2007. Official documentation claims that SP1 is not simply a rollup of publicly released patches, Microsoft Office 2007 Service Pack 2 was released on April 28,2009. It added improved support for ODF, XPS and PDF standards, Microsoft Office 2007 Service Pack 3 was released on October 25,2011
18.
Lotus 1-2-3
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Lotus 1-2-3 is a discontinued spreadsheet program from Lotus Software. It was the IBM PCs first killer application, was popular in the 1980s. The first spreadsheet, VisiCalc, had helped launch the Apple II as one of the earliest personal computers in business use, 1-2-3 quickly overtook VisiCalc, as well as Multiplan and SuperCalc, two VisiCalc competitors. With the acceptance of Windows 3.0, the market for desktop software grew even more, Lotus was passed by Microsoft in the early 1990s and never recovered. IBM purchased Lotus and continued to sell Lotus offerings, only officially ending sales in 2013, VisiCalc was launched in 1979 on the Apple II and immediately became a best-seller. Compared to earlier programs, VisiCalc allowed one to easily construct free-form calculation systems for any purpose. The application was so compelling that there were stories of people buying Apple II machines to run the program. VisiCalcs runaway success on the Apple led to direct bug compatible ports to other platforms, including the Atari 8-bit family, Commodore PET and many others. This included the IBM PC when it launched in 1981, where it became another best-seller. There were well known problems with VisiCalc, and several competitors appeared to some of these issues. In spite of these, and others, VisiCalc continued to outsell them all, the Lotus Development Corporation was founded by Mitchell Kapor, a friend of the developers of VisiCalc. 1-2-3 was originally written by Jonathan Sachs, who had written two spreadsheet programs previously while working at Concentric Data Systems, Inc, to aid its growth, in the UK, and possibly elsewhere, Lotus 1-2-3 was the very first computer software to use television consumer advertising. Lotus 1-2-3 was released on 26 January 1983, and immediately overtook Visicalc in sales, unlike Microsoft Multiplan, it stayed very close to the model of VisiCalc, including the A1 letter and number cell notation, and slash-menu structure. Among other novelties that Lotus introduced was a graph maker that could display several forms of graphs, at this early stage, the only video boards available for the PC were IBMs Color/Graphics Adapter and Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter while the latter did not support any graphics. The initial release of 1-2-3 supported only three video setups, CGA, MDA or dual monitor mode, however, a few months later support was added for Hercules Computer Technologys Hercules Graphics Adapter which was a clone of the MDA that allowed bitmap mode. The ability to have text and graphics capabilities proved extremely popular. Subsequent releases of Lotus 1-2-3 supported more video standards as time went on, including EGA, AT&T/Olivetti, significantly, support for the PCjr/Tandy modes was never added and users of those machines were limited to CGA graphics. The early versions of 1-2-3 also had a key disk copy protection, while the program was hard disk installable, the user had to insert the original floppy disk when starting 1-2-3 up
19.
Multiplan
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Multiplan was an early spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft. Known initially by the code name EP, it was introduced in 1982 as a competitor for VisiCalc, despite the release of Microsoft Chart, a graphics companion program, Multiplan continued to be outsold by Lotus 1-2-3. It was replaced by Microsoft Excel, which followed years later on both the Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows. Around 1983, during the development of the first release of Windows, however the plans changed a year later. Multiplan for the Macintosh, available the month Apple released the computer, was the first third-party Macintosh software, bill Gates was repeatedly heard in 1985 saying that Microsoft made more money on Multiplan for the Macintosh than any other platform. It was proficient at making graphs and charts and was bundled with some Macs. However, Multiplan only lasted for about a year before being overtaken by the more successful Excel, the latest version of System Software that Multiplan 1.1 was tested with is System Software 2.0 which used System 4.1 and Finder 5.5. A fundamental difference between Multiplan and its competitors was Microsofts decision to use R1C1 addressing instead of the A1 addressing introduced by VisiCalc, Microsoft carried Multiplans R1C1 legacy forward into Microsoft Excel, which offers both addressing modes, although A1 is MS Excels default addressing mode. Ahoy. called the Commodore 64 version of Multiplan, distributed by Human Engineered Software, there is not enough room in this article to mention all the mathematical operations performed. Documentation is lengthy but well written, a second review in the magazine noted the limitation of the computers 40-column screen, but praised the ability to stop any ongoing action. It also praised the documentation, and concluded that its ease of use and foolproof design make Multiplan an outstanding value
20.
MS-DOS
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MS-DOS is a discontinued operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. MS-DOS resulted from a request in 1981 by IBM for a system to use in its IBM PC range of personal computers. Microsoft quickly bought the rights to 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, IBM licensed and released it in August 1981 as PC DOS1.0 for use in their PCs. During its life, several competing products were released for the x86 platform and it was also the underlying basic operating system on which early versions of Windows ran as a GUI. It is a operating system, and consumes negligible installation space. MS-DOS was a form of 86-DOS – owned by Seattle Computer Products. This first version was shipped in August 1980, Microsoft, which needed an operating system for the IBM Personal Computer hired Tim Paterson in May 1981 and bought 86-DOS1.10 for $75,000 in July of the same year. Microsoft kept the number, but renamed it MS-DOS. They also licensed MS-DOS1. 10/1.14 to IBM, within a year Microsoft licensed MS-DOS to over 70 other companies. It was designed to be an OS that could run on any 8086-family computer, thus, there were many different versions of MS-DOS for different hardware, and there is a major distinction between an IBM-compatible machine and an MS-DOS machine. This design would have worked well for compatibility, if application programs had only used MS-DOS services to perform device I/O, Microsoft omitted multi-user support from MS-DOS because Microsofts Unix-based operating system, Xenix, was fully multi-user. After the breakup of the Bell System, however, AT&T Computer Systems started selling UNIX System V, believing that it could not compete with AT&T in the Unix market, Microsoft abandoned Xenix, and in 1987 transferred ownership of Xenix to the Santa Cruz Operation. On 25 March 2014, Microsoft made the code to SCP MS-DOS1.25, as an April Fools joke in 2015, Microsoft Mobile launched a Windows Phone application called MS-DOS Mobile which was presented as a new mobile operating system and worked similar to MS-DOS. Version 3.1 – Support for Microsoft Networks Version 3.2 – First version to support 3.5 inch,720 kB floppy drives and diskettes. Version 3.21 Version 3.22 – Version 3.25 Version 3.3 – First version to support 3.5 inch,1.44 MB floppy drives and diskettes, Version 3. 3a Version 3.31 – supports FAT16B and larger drives. MS-DOS4.0 and MS-DOS4.1 – A separate branch of development with additional multitasking features and it is unrelated to any later versions, including versions 4.00 and 4.01 listed below MS-DOS4. x – includes a graphical/mouse interface. It had many bugs and compatibility issues. Version 4.00 – First version to support a hard disk partition that is greater than 32 MiB. Version 4.01 – Microsoft rewritten Version 4.00 released under MS-DOS label, First version to introduce volume serial number when formatting hard disks and floppy disks
21.
Microsoft PowerPoint
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Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program currently developed by Microsoft, for use on both Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems. PowerPoint, initially named Presenter, was created by Forethought Inc, Microsofts version of PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22,1990, as a part of the Microsoft Office suite. PowerPoint is useful for helping develop the slide-based presentation format and is one of the most commonly used slide-based presentation programs available. Microsoft has also released the PowerPoint mobile application for use on Apple, originally designed for the Macintosh computer, the initial release was called Presenter, developed by Thomas Rudkin and Dennis Austin of Forethought, Inc. In 1987, it was renamed to PowerPoint due to problems with trademarks, by then some experts believed that desktop presentations, using computers to create flip charts and overhead transparencies, could become as large a market as desktop publishing. That year Forethought was bought by Microsoft for $14 million, and became Microsofts Graphics Business Unit, Microsofts version of PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22,1990, the same day that Microsoft released Windows 3.0. PowerPoint introduced many new changes with the release of PowerPoint 97 and it incorporated the Visual Basic for Applications language, underlying all macro generation in Office 97. PowerPoint 2000 introduced a clipboard that could hold objects at once. PowerPoint 2002 massively overhauled the engine, allowing users to create more advanced. PowerPoint 2011 makes it possible to remove image backgrounds, and provides additional effects for pictures. As of 2012, various versions of PowerPoint claim about 95% of the software market share. Among presenters world-wide, this program is used at a frequency of 350 times per second. PowerPoint presentations consist of a number of pages or slides. The slide analogy is a reference to the slide projector, slides may contain text, graphics, sound, movies, and other objects, which may be arranged freely. The presentation can be printed, displayed live on a computer, for larger audiences the computer display is often a video projector. Slides can also form the basis of webcasts, PowerPoint provides three types of movements, Entrance, emphasis, and exit of elements on a slide itself are controlled by what PowerPoint calls Custom Animations. Transitions, on the hand, there are movements between slides. These can be animated in a variety of ways, Custom animation can be used to create small story boards by animating pictures to enter, exit or move
22.
Microsoft Publisher
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However, it has a relatively small share of the desktop publishing market, which is dominated by Adobe InDesign and QuarkXPress. Publishers proprietary file format is supported in LibreOffice since February 2013, corel Draw X4 features read only support. Adobes PageMaker software saves files with a. pub extension but the two files are incompatible and unrelated, Publisher supports numerous other file formats, including the Enhanced Metafile format which is supported on Windows platforms. The Microsoft Publisher trial version can be used to view. pub files beyond the trial period, official website Microsoft Publisher blog on MSDN Blogs
23.
Microsoft Office for Mac 2011
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Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite for Mac OS X. It is the successor to Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac and is comparable to Microsoft Office 2010 for Windows, Office 2011 was followed by Microsoft Office 2016 for Mac released on September 22,2015, requiring a Mac with a 64-bit Intel processor and OS X Yosemite or later. Microsoft Office 2011 includes more robust enterprise support and greater parity with the Windows edition. Its interface is now similar to Office 2007 and 2010 for Windows. Support for Visual Basic for Applications macros has returned after having been dropped in Office 2008, if you purchase the home premium version of Office for Mac you are not automatically allowed telephone support to query any problems with the VBA interface. There are however, apparently, according to Microsoft Helpdesk, some third party applications that can address problems with the VBA interface with Office for Mac. In addition, Office 2011 supports online tools such as OneDrive and Office Web Apps, allowing Mac. It also includes limited support for Apples high-density Retina displays, allowing the display of text and images. A new version of Outlook, written using Mac OS Xs Cocoa API and it replaces Entourage, which was included in Office 2004 and 2008 for Mac. Office for Mac 2011 has a number of limitations compared to Office 2010 for Windows and it does not support ActiveX controls, or OpenDocument Format. It also cannot handle attachments in Rich Text Format e-mail messages sent from Outlook for Windows and it also has several human language limitations, such as lack of support for right-to-left languages such as Arabic, Persian, and Hebrew and automatic language detection. Microsoft does not support CalDAV and CardDAV in Outlook, so there is no way to sync directly Outlook through iCloud, two editions are available to the general public. Home & Student provides Word, Excel and PowerPoint, while Home & Business adds Outlook, Microsoft Messenger 8 is included with both editions, and Microsoft Communicator for Mac 2011, which communicates with Microsoft Lync Server, is available only to volume licensing customers. Office 2011 requires an Intel Mac running Mac OS X10.5.8 or higher, the Home & Student edition is available in a single license for one computer and a family pack for three computers. The Home & Business edition is available in a license for one computer. The Standard edition is available through Volume Licensing. The Academic edition was created for education students, staff and faculty. Office for Mac is also available as part of Microsofts Office 365 subscription programme, Microsoft announced Office 2011 in 2009
24.
Microsoft Office 95
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Microsoft Office 95, also known as Microsoft Office for Windows 95, released on 24 August 1995, was a version of Microsoft Office designed specifically for Windows 95, succeeding Office 4.3. Office 95 was replaced by Office 97 on 19 November 1996, Microsoft Office 95 includes six applications, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, Schedule+ and Binder. The CD-ROM version also includes Microsoft Bookshelf, true to its namesake, this suite is designed specifically for Windows 95. Previously, Microsoft had released Office 4.2 for Windows NT for several architectures, which included 32‑bit Word 6.0 for Windows NT and Excel 5.0 for Windows NT, with Office for Windows 95, all components in the suite were 32-bit. All the Office 95 apps are OLE 2-enabled, meaning that they allow interoperability between themselves, as well as all other applications that support this data interchange protocol, Binder used this protocol to bind OLE objects together. Office for Windows 95 bears version number 7.0 to match Words version number, other components also bear the same version numbers to show that they are contemporaries, although their predecessors were not version 6.0. The previous versions of components were Word 6.0, Excel 5.0, PowerPoint 4.0, Schedule+1.0, Binder was a new app at the time with no predecessor. Microsoft Outlook was not included and used to be bundled with Microsoft Exchange Server 5.5, Microsoft Excel contained an easter egg, a hidden Doom–like game called Hall of Tortured Souls crediting the applications writers. They contained the following applications, There were no service packs or service releases for Office for Windows 95. Instead, two updated versions,7. 0a and 7. 0b were released to fix bugs in the application, the updates could be ordered from Microsoft Support. A downloadable update was released in 1999 to address minor year 2000 problems, all support for Microsoft Office 95 ended on December 31,2001, the same day as Windows 95. While this problem was fixed for Jet 3. 5/Access 97, Microsoft Office 95 requires a 386DX or higher CPU, and either Windows 95, Windows NT4.0, or Windows NT3.51. It also requires 8 MB of RAM for typical use, regarding hard disk space, compact installations require 28 MB, typical installations require 55 MB, and full installations require 88 MB
25.
Microsoft Office 97
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Microsoft Office 97 is a major milestone release of Microsoft Office, which includes hundreds of new features and improvements over its predecessor. It introduced Command Bars, a paradigm in which menus and toolbars were made similar in capability. It also featured natural language systems and sophisticated grammar checking and it was published on CD-ROM as well as on a set of 44 3½-inch floppy disks. Released on November 19,1996, it was the last version to support Windows NT3.51 on i386, two service releases were released for Office 97. SR-2 solved the year 2000 problem in Office 97, the default assistant was Clippit, nicknamed Clippy, a paperclip. The office assistant feature was included in Microsoft Office 2000, XP and 2003, Office 97 is also the first Microsoft product to include product activation. The Brazilian versions of Office 97 Small Business Edition and Publisher 98 required it, assisted support options and security updates for Office 97 ended on January 16,2004. Mainstream hotfix support for Office 97 ended on August 31,2001, extended hotfix support ended on February 28,2002. Two Office 97 applications featured easter eggs, Microsoft Word 97 contained a hidden pinball game, Office 97 was released in five editions
26.
Microsoft Office 2000
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Microsoft Office 2000 is a release of Microsoft Office, an office suite developed by Microsoft for the Windows family of operating systems. Office 2000 was released to manufacturing on March 29,1999 and it is the successor to Office 97 and the predecessor to Office XP. Additionally, Office 2000 introduces PhotoDraw, a raster and vector imaging program, Office 2000 offers improved compliance with the year 2000 and is the first version of Office to use Windows Installer for the installation process. Microsoft globally released five main editions of Office 2000, Standard, Small Business, Professional, Premium, an additional Personal edition exclusive to Japan was also released. Microsoft extended this requirement to retail editions sold in Canada and the United States with the availability of Office 2000 Service Release 1, Office 2000 supports Windows 95, Windows NT4.0 SP3, Windows 98, and Windows Me. It is the last version of Office to support Windows 95 as its successor, Microsoft released a total of three service packs for Office 2000 throughout its lifecycle. The first update was called Service Release 1, while subsequent updates were referred to as service packs, mainstream support for Office 2000 ended on June 30,2004, and extended support ended on July 14,2009. This compilation would later become widespread as Microsoft Office 2003 Basic
27.
Microsoft Office XP
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Microsoft Office XP is an office suite created and distributed by Microsoft for the Windows operating system. Office XP was released to manufacturing on March 5,2001 and was made available to retail on May 31,2001. It is the successor to Office 2000 and the predecessor to Office 2003, with Office XP, Microsoft incorporated several features to address reliability issues observed in previous versions of Office. Office XP also introduces separate Document Imaging, Document Scanning, the Office Assistant introduced in Office 97 is disabled by default in Office XP, which was a key element of Microsofts campaign for the product after the negative reception of this feature. Office XP is not compatible with Windows 95, Office XP is compatible with Windows NT4.0 Service Pack 6, Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows ME. It is the last version to support Windows NT4.0, Windows 98, Microsoft released a total of three service packs for Office XP during its lifetime. Mainstream support for Office XP ended on July 11,2006, SharePoint Portal Server 2001, then codenamed Tahoe, was also in development at this time and was slated to improve collaboration for users of Office 2000 and Office 10. In August, Microsoft released Office 10 Beta 1 for product evaluation purposes, Office 10 was slated to include integrated speech recognition, and new formatting options. Reports stated that Office 10 would provide Smart Tags, and a Digital Dashboard web portal complete with Web Parts, Office XP Beta 1 was compatible with Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT4.0 SP5, and Windows 2000. Prior to the release of Office 10 Beta 2, there was speculation that Microsoft intended to rebrand the new product as Office 2001, Office 2002, Office. NET, or Office XP. The latter was shorthand for eXPerience and was positioned as a brand that would emphasize the new experiences enabled by the product. Microsoft ultimately decided on Office XP as the name of the product and used the same brand for Windows XP, then codenamed Whistler. In spite of this, individual Office XP products such as Excel, PowerPoint, Office XP Beta 2 was released to 10,000 technical testers in late 2000. Microsoft also terminated the support for Windows 95 and Windows NT4.0 SP5.95. Office XP was released to manufacturing on March 5,2001 and was made available to retail on May 31,2001. Microsoft released a total of three service packs for Office XP that introduced security enhancements, stability improvements, and fixes for software bugs throughout the products lifecycle, all service packs were made available as separate Client and Administrative updates. Client updates were intended for users who installed Office XP from a CD-ROM, Client updates required the Office XP installation media during the installation process and could not be removed after they were installed. Full file updates were intended for network administrators to deploy updates to Office XP users who installed the product from a server location, Users could also manually install full file updates
28.
Microsoft Analysis Services
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Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services, SSAS, is an online analytical and transactional processing and data mining tool in Microsoft SQL Server. SSAS is used as a tool by organizations to analyze and make sense of information spread out across multiple databases. Microsoft has included a number of services in SQL Server related to business intelligence and these services include Integration Services, Reporting Services and Analysis Services. Analysis Services includes a group of OLAP and data mining capabilities and comes in two flavors - Multidimensional and Tabular, in 1996, Microsoft began its foray into the OLAP Server business by acquiring the OLAP software technology from Canada-based Panorama Software. Just over two years later, in 1998, Microsoft released OLAP Services as part of SQL Server 7, OLAP Services supported MOLAP, ROLAP, and HOLAP architectures, and it used OLE DB for OLAP as the client access API and MDX as a query language. It could work in client-server mode or offline mode with local cube files, in 2000, Microsoft released Analysis Services 2000. It was renamed from OLAP Services due to the inclusion of data mining services, Analysis Services 2000 was considered an evolutionary release, since it was built on the same architecture as OLAP Services and was therefore backward compatible with it. Major improvements included more flexibility in design through support of parent child dimensions, changing dimensions. Another feature was a greatly enhanced calculation engine with support for unary operators, custom rollups, other features were dimension security, distinct count, connectivity over HTTP, session cubes, grouping levels, and many others. In 2005, Microsoft released the next generation of OLAP and data mining technology as Analysis Services 2005 and it maintained backward compatibility on the API level, although applications written with OLE DB for OLAP and MDX continued to work, the architecture of the product was completely different. The major change came to the model in the form of UDM - Unified Dimensional Model, the key events in the history of Microsoft Analysis Services cover a period starting in 1996. Microsoft Analysis Services takes a position in the MOLAP vs. ROLAP arguments among OLAP products. It allows all the flavors of MOLAP, ROLAP and HOLAP to be used within the same model, MOLAP - Multidimensional OLAP - Both fact data and aggregations are processed, stored, and indexed using a special format optimized for multidimensional data. ROLAP - Relational OLAP - Both fact data and aggregations remain in the data source. MOLAP - dimension attributes and hierarchies are processed and stored in the special format ROLAP - dimension attributes are not processed, Microsoft Analysis Services supports different sets of APIs and object models for different operations and in different programming environments. XML for Analysis - The lowest level API and it can be used from any platform and in any language that supports HTTP and XML OLE DB for OLAP - Extension of OLEDB. COM based and suitable for C/C++ programs on Windows platform, COM Automation based and suitable for VB programs on Windows platform. ADOMD. NET - Extension of ADO. NET. NET based, ADO. NET Entity Framework - Entity Framework and LINQ can be used on top of ADOMD. NET DSO - For AS2000
29.
Image scanner
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Commonly used in offices are variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, a rotary scanner, used for high-speed document scanning, is a type of drum scanner that uses a CCD array instead of a photomultiplier. Non-contact planetary scanners essentially photograph delicate books and documents, all these scanners produce two-dimensional images of subjects that are usually flat, but sometimes solid, 3D scanners produce information on the three-dimensional structure of solid objects. Digital cameras can be used for the same purposes as dedicated scanners, when compared to a true scanner, a camera image is subject to a degree of distortion, reflections, shadows, low contrast, and blur due to camera shake. Resolution is sufficient for less demanding applications, Digital cameras offer advantages of speed, portability and non-contact digitizing of thick documents without damaging the book spine. As of 2010 scanning technologies were combining 3D scanners with digital cameras to create full-color, in the biomedical research area, detection devices for DNA microarrays are called scanners as well. These scanners are high-resolution systems, similar to microscopes, the detection is done via CCD or a photomultiplier tube. Modern scanners are considered the successors of early telephotography and fax input devices and it used electromagnets to drive and synchronize movement of pendulums at the source and the distant location, to scan and reproduce images. It could transmit handwriting, signatures, or drawings within an area of up to 150 x 100mm, Édouard Belins Belinograph of 1913, scanned using a photocell and transmitted over ordinary phone lines, formed the basis for the AT&T Wirephoto service. In Europe, services similar to a wirephoto were called a Belino and it was used by news agencies from the 1920s to the mid-1990s, and consisted of a rotating drum with a single photodetector at a standard speed of 60 or 120 rpm. They send a linear analog AM signal through standard telephone lines to receptors. Color photos were sent as three separated RGB filtered images consecutively, but only for special events due to transmission costs, Drum scanners capture image information with photomultiplier tubes, rather than the charge-coupled device arrays found in flatbed scanners and inexpensive film scanners. Modern color drum scanners use three matched PMTs, which red, blue, and green light, respectively. Light from the artwork is split into separate red, blue. Photomultipliers offer superior dynamic range and for this reason drum scanners can extract more detail from very dark areas of a transparency than flatbed scanners using CCD sensors. The smaller dynamic range of the CCD sensors, versus photomultiplier tubes, can lead to loss of shadow detail, while mechanics vary by manufacturer, most drum scanners pass light from halogen lamps though a focusing system to illuminate both reflective and transmissive originals. The drum scanner gets its name from the clear acrylic cylinder, depending on size, it is possible to mount originals up to 20x28, but maximum size varies by manufacturer. One of the features of drum scanners is the ability to control sample area
30.
Nuance Communications
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The company also maintains a small division which does software and system development for military and government agencies. Nuance merged with its competitor in the commercial speech application business, ScanSoft. ScanSoft was a Xerox spin-off that was bought in 1999 by Visioneer, a hardware and software scanner company, the original ScanSoft had its roots in Kurzweil Computer Products, a software company that developed the first omni-font character recognition system. In September 2005, ScanSoft Inc. acquired and merged with Nuance Communications, for a decade prior to that, the two companies competed in the commercial large-scale speech application business. In 1980, Kurzweil sold his company to Xerox, the company became known as Xerox Imaging Systems, and later ScanSoft. Visioneer eventually sold its division to Primax Electronics, Ltd. in January 1999. Two months later, in March, Visioneer acquired ScanSoft from Xerox to form a new company with ScanSoft as the new company-wide name. Prior to 2001, ScanSoft focused primarily on desktop imaging software such as TextBridge, PaperPort, beginning with the December 2001 acquisition of Lernout & Hauspie, the company moved into the speech recognition business and began to compete with Nuance. Based in Menlo Park, California, Nuance deployed their first commercial speech application in 1996. Their initial route to market was through call center automation, call centers had just centralized the branch-office telephone handling function throughout many large companies. The highest cost of running call centers is the cost of staff, early projects were completely developed by Nuance to prove the commercial practicality and benefits. Early Nuance applications ran on Windows NT-based and Solaris operating systems, in 1994, Nuance was spun off from SRIs STAR Lab. Two years later, Nuance deployed its first commercial speech application, on 13 April 2000, Nuance filed an initial public offering on the NASDAQ under the symbol NUAN. On 15 November 2000, Nuance acquired SpeechFront voice instant messaging company for $10.5 million in cash, in simple terms, the technology produced allowed a computer to determine what a speaker was saying within a specific and limited vocabulary of phrases. Its key advantage over such as ViaVoice was that the system did not need training for the specific speaker. This permitted the use of the system, so-called speaker-independent natural-language speech recognition, the limited vocabulary was typically a few thousand different variations of phrases. In complex systems this could be in the low millions, at the time, these systems were pushing the limits of computer processing power in commodity Intel x86 servers until the early 2000s. Each speech-recognition engine provider had to determine how to convert written text into sounds, determining how written text is spoken is a hugely challenging task in itself
31.
Windows Search
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Windows Search, formerly known as Windows Desktop Search on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, is an indexed desktop search platform created by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows. All incarnations of Windows Search share a common architecture and indexing technology, Windows Search is the successor of the Indexing Service, a remnant of the Object File System feature of the Cairo project which never materialized. Windows Search uses a different architecture, Windows Search builds a full-text index of files on a computer. The time required for the creation of this index depends on the amount and type of data to be indexed, and can take up to several hours. Once a file’s contents have been added to this index, Windows Search is able to use the index to search results more rapidly than it would take to search all the files on the computer. Searches are performed not only on file names, but also on the contents of the file as well as the keywords, comments, Windows Search features incremental search search. It begins searching as soon as characters are entered in the search box and this results in finding the required files even before the full search text is entered. Windows Search supports IFilters, components that enable search programs to scan files for their contents, once an appropriate IFilter has been installed for a particular file format, the IFilter is used to extract the text from files which were saved in that format. Windows Search uses property handlers to handle metadata from file formats, a property handler needs a property description and a schema for the property for Windows Search to index the metadata. Protocol handlers are used for indexing specific data stores, Windows Search is implemented as a Windows Service. The search service implements the Windows Search configuration and query APIs and also controls, as all indexing and it achieves this using three processes, SearchIndexer. SearchProtocolHost. exe, which hosts the protocol handlers and it runs with the least permission required for the protocol handler. For example, when accessing filesystem, it runs with the credentials of the system account, searchFilterHost. exe, which hosts the IFilters and property handlers to extract metadata and textual content. The search service consists of components, including the Gatherer, the Merger, the Backoff Controller. Different indices are created during different runs, it is the job of the Merger to periodically merge the indices, while indexing, the indices are generally maintained in-memory and then flushed to disk after a merge to reduce disk I/O. The metadata is stored in property store, which is a database maintained by the ESE database engine, the text is tokenized and the tokens are stored in a custom database built using Inverted Indices. Apart from the indices and property store, another persistent data structure is maintained, the Gather Queue maintains a prioritized queue of URIs that needs indexing. The Backoff Controller mentioned above monitors the system resources
32.
Microsoft Office shared tools
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Microsoft Office shared tools are software components that are included in all Microsoft Office products. Office Delve allows Office 365 users to search and manage their emails, meetings, contacts, social networks, Delve uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to try to show the most relevant people and content. In April 2015 Microsoft launched a version of Office Delve in the App Store. It is a version of Design Sciences MathType, evidenced with a dialog box enticing the user to upgrade to the full. It can be used as a program or it can also be used as an embedded object from within applications that support OLE. Its feature set has not changed significantly since its introduction in Word for Windows version 2.0, beginning with Office 2007, Equation Editor is no longer the default method of creating equations, and is kept for compatibility with old documents only. Microsoft Graph, in April 2015 Microsoft launched the preview of the Microsoft Graph as the unified API endpoint for its productivity services under Office 365 and Azure AD. Microsoft Graph exposes multiple APIs from Office 365 and other Microsoft cloud services through a single endpoint, https, Microsoft Graph reached general availability in November 2015 and is now their preferred API to access data and intelligence from Office 365 and the Microsoft cloud. Previous use of the name Microsoft Graph in 1990s, Microsoft Graph is an OLE application deployed by Microsoft Office programs such as Excel and Access to create charts, the program is available as an OLE application object in Visual Basic. Microsoft Graph supports many different types of charts, but its output is dated, Office 2003 was the last version to use Microsoft Graph for hosting charts inside Office applications as OLE objects. Office 2007, specifically, Excel 2007 includes a new integrated charting engine, the new engine supports advanced formatting, including 3D rendering, transparencies, and shadows. Chart layouts can also be customized to highlight trends in the data. Microsoft Graph still exists for compatibility reasons, but the points are removed. This product can be used within other products, and is available in the Object menu in the Insert tab in Office Programs, Microsoft Chart shared its box design and two-line menu with Multiplan, and could import Multiplan data. The simple graphs were drawn on the screen in graphics mode, the main drawback of Microsofts solution at the time was the need to exit Multiplan and then load Chart to compose and draw a graph, because MS-DOS was not a multitasking operating system. In the early 1990s, Microsoft Chart was renamed Microsoft Graph and it allows users to create stylized text with various special effects such as textures, outlines, and many other manipulations that are not available through the standard font formatting. For example, one can create shadows, rotate, bend and it is also available in Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, and Microsoft Publisher. In Office 2010 and 2016 i. e. Office 265, users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, gradient glow, and reflection to their text
33.
Microsoft Office 2003
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Microsoft Office 2003 is an office suite developed and distributed by Microsoft for its Windows operating system. Office 2003 was released to manufacturing on August 19,2003 and it was the successor to Office XP and the predecessor to Office 2007. New features in Office 2003 include information rights management, new features, improved support for SharePoint, smart tags, and XML. It also introduces the Picture Manager graphics software to open, edit, manage, with the release of Office 2003, Microsoft rebranded the Office productivity suite as an integrated system dedicated to information workers. As a result, Microsoft appended the Office branding to all programs, Office 2003 also is also the first version with support for Windows XP colors and visual styles, and also includes updated icons. Office 2003 is the last version of Office to include the bar and toolbars across all programs. It is compatible with Windows 2000 and Windows XP, it is not supported on Windows 98, Windows ME and it is the last version of Office compatible with Windows 2000, as Office 2007 requires Windows XP or a later version. Microsoft released a total of three service packs for Office 2003 throughout its lifecycle, Service Pack 1 was released on July 27,2004, Service Pack 2 was released on September 27,2005, and Service Pack 3 was released on September 17,2007. Mainstream support for Office 2003 ended April 14,2009, the core applications, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Access, had only minor improvements from Office XP. Another key benefit of Outlook 2003 was the improved junk mail filter, tablet and pen support was introduced in the productivity applications. Word 2003 introduced a reading layout view, document comparison, better change-tracking and annotation/reviewing, a Research Task Pane, voice comments, Excel 2003 introduced list commands, some statistical functions and XML data import, analysis and transformation/document customization features. Access 2003 introduced a backup command, the ability to view object dependencies, error checking in forms, Office 2003 features improvements to smart tags such as smart tag Lists, which are defined in XML, by using regular expressions and an extended type library. Smart tag recognition was added to PowerPoint and Access, publisher 2003 introduced a Generic Color PostScript printer driver for commercial printing. Information Rights Management capabilities were introduced in document productivity applications to access to a set of users and/or restrict types of actions that users could perform. Support for managed code add-ins as VSTO solutions was introduced and it was also the last Office version to support Windows 2000. A new picture organizer with basic editing features, called Microsoft Office Picture Manager, was included, only basic clipart and templates were included on the disc media, with most content hosted online and downloadable from within the Office application. Microsoft advertised Office Online as a major Office 2003 feature outside the box, Office Online provides how-to articles, tips, training courses, templates, clip art, stock photos and media and downloads. Office 2003 features broad XML integration throughout resulting in a far more data-centric model, the MSXML5 library was introduced specifically for Offices XML integration
34.
ActiveX
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In principle, ActiveX is not dependent on Microsoft Windows operating systems, but in practice most ActiveX controls only run on Windows. Most also require the client to be running on a computer because ActiveX controls contain compiled code. ActiveX is still supported as of Windows 10, through Internet Explorer 11, formerly Object Linking and Embedding, ActiveX is one of the major technologies used in component-based software engineering. Compared with JavaBeans, ActiveX supports more programming languages, but JavaBeans supports more platforms, Internet Explorer also allows the embedding of ActiveX controls in web pages. Faced with the complexity of OLE2.0 and with support for COM in MFC, Microsoft simplified the specification. Even after simplification, users still required controls to implement about six core interfaces, in response to this complexity, Microsoft produced wizards, ATL base classes, macros and C++ language extensions to make it simpler to write controls. Starting with Internet Explorer 3.0, Microsoft added support to host ActiveX controls within HTML content, if the browser encountered a page specifying an ActiveX control via an OBJECT tag, it would automatically download and install the control with little or no user intervention. This made the web richer but provoked objections and security risks, Microsoft subsequently introduced security measures to make browsing including ActiveX safer. The ActiveX security model relied almost entirely on identifying trusted component developers using a code signing technology called Authenticode, developers had to register with Verisign and sign a contract, promising not to develop malware. Shortly thereafter, Microsoft made ActiveX open source, documentation for ActiveX core technology resides at The Open Group and may be downloaded for free. South Korea has started to remove this technology from their websites in order to make their web site accessible to more platforms. Microsoft dropped ActiveX support from the Windows Store edition of Internet Explorer 10 in Windows 8, in 2015, Microsoft Edge, the replacement for Internet Explorer, dropped ActiveX support, marking the end of the technology in Microsofts web browser development. It may not always be possible to use Internet Explorer to execute ActiveX content, FF ActiveX Host can run ActiveX controls in Mozilla Firefox for Windows. Mozilla ActiveX Control was last updated in late 2005, and runs in Firefox 1.5, mediaWrap for Firefox was last updated on 12 June 2008, and will run in Firefox 1.5 to 3.5. x. Microsoft has developed a number of products and software platforms using ActiveX objects. ActiveX Document is a Microsoft technology that allows users to view and edit Microsoft Word, Excel, and PDF documents inside web browsers
35.
Visual Basic .NET
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Visual Basic. NET is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on the. NET Framework. Microsoft launched VB. NET in 2002 as the successor to its original Visual Basic language, along with Visual C#, it is one of the two main languages targeting the. NET framework. Microsofts integrated development environment for developing in Visual Basic. NET language is Visual Studio, most of Visual Studio editions are commercial, the only exceptions are Visual Studio Express and Visual Studio Community, which are freeware. In addition. NET Framework SDK includes a freeware command-line compiler called vbc. exe, mono also includes a command-line VB. NET compiler. VB. NET uses statements to specify actions, the most common statement is an expression statement, consisting of an expression to be evaluated, on a single line. As part of evaluation, functions or subroutines may be called. To modify the normal execution of statements, VB. NET provides several control-flow statements identified by reserved keywords. Structured programming is supported by several constructs including two conditional execution constructs and three iterative execution constructs, the For … To statement has separate initialisation and testing sections, both of which must be present. The For Each statement steps through each value in a list, in addition, in Visual Basic. NET, There is no unified way of defining blocks of statements. Instead, certain keywords, such as If … Then or Sub are interpreted as starters of sub-blocks of code and have matching termination keywords such as End If or End Sub, statements are terminated either with a colon or with the end of line. Multiple line statements in Visual Basic. NET are enabled with _ at the end of such line. The need for the underscore continuation character was removed in version 10. The equals sign is used in both assigning values to variable and in comparison, round brackets are used with arrays, both to declare them and to get a value at a given index in one of them. Visual Basic. NET uses round brackets to define the parameters of subroutines or functions, the following is a very simple VB. NET program, a version of the classic Hello world example created as a console application, It prints Hello world. Each line serves a purpose, as follows, This is a module definition. Modules serve as containers of code that can be referenced from other parts of a program and it defines a subroutine called Main. Main is the point, where the program begins execution. This line performs the task of writing the output
