1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Usher (musician)
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Usher Raymond IV is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. Born in Dallas, Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, at the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records. In 1994 he released his debut album, Usher. 8701 produced the number-one singles U Remind Me and U Got It Bad and it sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003. Confessions established him as one of the musical artists of the 2000s decade. Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles, Burn, Confessions Part II, and My Boo, it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA. Here I Stand and Raymond v. Raymond, debuted atop of the Billboard 200, the EP, Versus, also produced the Hot 100 top-five single DJ Got Us Fallin in Love. Looking 4 Myself, also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles There Goes My Baby and Climax. Hard II Love peaked at five of the Billboard 200 albums chart. Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States, to date, his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Usher has won awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards. Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years, Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles. Considered an icon and sex symbol, he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, in 2008, he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group, a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber. Usher was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Jonetta Patton, from Tennessee, Usher spent the majority of his young life in Chattanooga, his father left the family when Usher was a year old. Usher grew up with his mother, then-stepfather, and half-brother, while in Atlanta, Usher attended North Springs High School. At age 10, Usher joined an R&B local quintet called the NuBeginnings, Usher recorded 10 songs with the group in 1991, and the ensuing album, Nubeginning Featuring Usher Raymond IV, was only made available regionally and by mail order. However, Patton took him out because, according to her, the album was re-released nationally in April 2002 by Hip-O Records. At age 13, Usher would meet A. J, alexander at local talent show in Atlanta
3.
My Way (Usher album)
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My Way is the second studio album by American singer Usher. It was released on September 16,1997 by LaFace Records, the album features guest appearances from Monica, Jermaine Dupri, and Lil Kim. The album was supported by three singles, including these platinum-selling singles with Nice & Slow, My Way, and You Make Me Wanna. With most of the production by Babyface and Dupri, the album debuted at number 15 on Billboard 200 selling 66,000 units. The album eventually topped the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart for 3 weeks, while it had peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200 and it earned the record a six-platinum certifications in the United States. My Way earned Usher Grammy-nominations and became his breakthrough album and my Way has sold over 6 million in the United States alone, and over 7 million worldwide. My Way sold 66,000 copies in its first week in the United States and it entered the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at number 4 on that same week. The album rose to one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums on January 10,1998. My Way peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200, and my Way has sold 6,000,000 copies in the US, and has been certified six-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In a contemporary review, The Source magazine said with My Way, hunter from Vibe said that Usher is sensual through his mild tone gentle tone and tasteful, refined lyrics. Robert Christgau, writing in The Village Voice, cited Just Like Me and You Make We Wanna. as highlights and he gave My Way a one-star honorable mention, indicating a worthy effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well like. In a negative review for Rolling Stone, David Fricke felt that the album has too many downtempo songs, in a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave My Way four out of five stars and praised Ushers vocal restraint, but noted inconsistency in quality. In a 2002 review, Q magazine also gave it four stars and wrote that it established Ushers reputation as a young, musics Billy Johnson Jr. credited the album for Ushers breakthrough into the music industry, and lauded the production of the three singles. Sample credits Come Back contains a sample of Woman to Woman by Joe Cocker, one Day Youll Be Mine contains a sample of Footsteps in the Dark by The Isley Brothers. List of number-one R&B albums of 1998 Harris, Keith, et al, the New Rolling Stone Album Guide
4.
CD single
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This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
5.
Cassette single
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A cassette single is a music single in the form of a Compact Cassette. Bow Wow Wows C·30 C·60 C·90 Go was the first cassette single released in the U. K. in 1980, records released the first cassette single in the U. S. with the Go-Gos Vacation in 1982. The ZTT label made good use of the format by 1984, with singles by Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Art of Noise, the format was used as a promotion in the 1990s, with Disney giving a cassingle to attendees of Hercules promotional events. Originally, most cassette singles were released in a sleeve that slipped over the outside of the release. This was then usually shrink wrapped in plastic, some singles contained one song on each side, much as 45s had done, but others repeated the songs on both sides. In some markets, cassette singles generally used the packaging as standard cassettes. As the cassette maxi-single was released, more intricate packaging was incorporated that looked similar to the packaging of a cassette release. These were placed in regular plastic cassette cases with a paper/cardstock insert, unlike a full-length cassette album, these were generally only one two-sided inlay instead of a fold-out. Maxi-singles usually contained four versions of a song, i. e. unique mixes & edits. In the U. S. cassette singles were completely phased out by the early 2000s, one reason for their lesser popularity was because they appeared to be an inefficient use of the media to consumers - a cassette single took up the same storage space as a full album
6.
Contemporary R&B
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Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
7.
LaFace Records
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LaFace Records was an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia that operated as a unit of Sony Music Entertainment and was historically a part of Bertelsmann Music Group from 1989 to 2004. It was most active and achieved its greatest commercial success during the 1990s and it was originally distributed by its co-creator Arista Records from 1989 through 2001, after which it was shuttered and absorbed into Arista. In 2004, the label was rebooted, and it began operating through Jive Records until both were absorbed into RCA Records in 2011, today, the labels back catalog and reissues are managed by Legacy Recordings. LaFace was formed in 1989 as a joint venture between the producing duo Antonio L. A. Reid & Kenneth Babyface Edmonds, and Arista Records, the combined nicknames of the duos successful production company inspired the name of the label. Towards the end of the decade LaFace produced fewer artists, while Babyface began to more on his own music career. The label was acquired completely by Arista and BMG in 1999, in 2001, L. A. Reid was appointed Chairman/CEO of Arista. As a result of Reids promotion, LaFace was dissolved as most of its prominent acts moved up to the main Arista label to continue to work under Reid. In 2004, after the restructuring of the BMG labels. Most of its roster had moved on to Arista returned to the company upon its reactivation. In 2011, LaFace was again shuttered, this time being absorbed into RCA Records, the following is a list of artists who have recorded for LaFace Records. L. A. Reid Babyface Daryl Simmons Kayo Dallas Austin Organized Noize List of record labels Rosa Parks v. LaFace Records
8.
Arista Records
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/ˈɛ. rɪ. stə/ was a major American record label. It was a wholly owned unit of Sony Music Entertainment and was handled by Bertelsmann Music Group. The company operated under the RCA Music Group until 2011, the label was founded in 1974 by Clive Davis, who formerly worked for CBS Records. Until its demise in 2011, it was a distributor and promoter of albums throughout the United States. Today, the labels reissues and catalogue releases are handled by RCA Records, after being fired from CBS Records, Clive Davis was hired by Columbia Pictures in June 1974 to be a consultant for the companys record and music operations. The label was named Arista after New York Citys secondary school honor society, in early 1975, most of the artists who had been signed to Bell were let go, except David Cassidy, Tony Orlando and Dawn, and the 5th Dimension. Others, such as Suzi Quatro and Hot Chocolate, were farmed out to the Bell/Arista-distributed label, several Bell acts, such as Barry Manilow, the Bay City Rollers, and Melissa Manchester moved to Arista. The British Bell label kept that name for a couple of years before changing its name to Arista, the label was immortalized in the 1978 Rockpile song They Called It Rock, in the lyric, Arista says they love you/But the kids cant dance to this. In addition to Manilow, the Kinks, and Dionne Warwick, Arista signed Aretha Franklin in 1980, the labels most significant acquisition came in 1983 when Davis signed Warwicks cousin, Whitney Houston. Houston would eventually become Aristas biggest-selling recording artist, with sales of 200 million records worldwide, Arista had an imprint label in the 1970s called Arista Novus, which focused on contemporary jazz artists. A country music division, Career Records, was merged into the Arista Nashville division in 1997, Arista Austin was used in the late 1990s as a country label. Additionally, Arista was the North American distributor of Jive Records from 1981 until 1987, during the 1990s, Arista also distributed Logic, Rowdy and Heavenly Recordings. Looking to stave off bankruptcy, Columbia Pictures sold Arista to German-based Ariola Records in 1979, after Ariola purchased General Electrics RCA Records in 1986, the combined company was renamed Bertelsmann Music Group, though Aristas U. S. releases would not note BMG until 1987. Into the 1980s, Arista continued its success, including major UK act Secret Affair, over the years it acquired Northwestside Records, deConstruction Records, First Avenue Records, and Dedicated Records in the UK. In 1989, Arista entered into a joint venture with Antonio L. A. Reid and Babyface in the creation of LaFace Records record company of TLC, in 1993, Arista also entered into a joint-venture with Sean P. Diddy Combs to form Bad Boy Records. In 1997 Arista acquired Profile Records, the home of Run-D. M. C. in 1989, Arista signed Milli Vanilli, a duo consisting of Rob Pilatus and Fab Morvan that was based in Germany. The label released its album, Girl You Know Its True, which was a remixed and re-edited version of All or Nothing. The album was certified platinum in the U. S. and charted five top-ten singles
9.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
10.
Jermaine Dupri
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Jermaine Dupri Mauldin, known as Jermaine Dupri or JD, is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, songwriter and rapper. He was born in Asheville, NC and was raised in Atlanta, Jermaine Dupri Mauldin was born on September 23,1972, son of Tina and Michael Mauldin, a Columbia Records executive. Durpris promising musical career began before he was ten years old. His father, also an Atlanta talent manager, had coordinated a Diana Ross show in 1982, to the delight of concert-goers, Dupri managed to get on-stage, Dupri got his start as a dancer for the hip hop group Whodini when he was twelve. He made an appearance in their video for the song Freaks Come Out At Night. He began performing around the country, appearing with Herbie Hancock and Cameo before he opened the New York Fresh Festival, in 1990, he produced his first act- the female hip hop trio Silk Tymes Leather. He later formed the teen duo Kris Kross after meeting the boys at a mall in 1991. The groups first album, Totally Krossed Out, was released in 1992 and went multi-platinum due to their singles Jump and he established his own record label called So So Def Recordings in 1993. Shortly after, he discovered female R&B group Xscape at a festival in Atlanta and their first album, Hummin Comin at Cha, went platinum. During the same year, on Yo, MTV Raps he met Da Brat through Kris Kross, signed her to his label So So Def Recordings, and released her debut Funkdafied which went platinum. So So Def Recordings entered into a partnership with Columbia Records in 1993. In 1995, he collaborated with Mariah Carey for the first time on the one hit single Always Be My Baby. He contributed to Lil Kims 1996 album, Hard Core on the track Not Tonight, in 1997 Jermaine Dupri co-wrote and produced several tracks on Ushers second album, My Way. The lead single, You Make Me Wanna, reached number-one on the Rhythmic Top 40, the follow up single Nice & Slow went to number-one on the Billboard 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop chart, and the last single, My Way peaked at number-two on Billboard 100. All three singles have been certified Platinum by Recording Industry Association of America, in 1998, Jermaine Dupri was involved in the release of Destinys Childs eponymous debut album. Dupri renewed the focus on his own career and released The Party Continues. Also that year he met Lil Bow Wow and signed him to So So Def Recordings, the two would later part ways but continued to collaborate on later projects. The deal with Columbia was terminated in 2002 and in 2003 Dupri switched to Arista Records, Jermaine worked on Mariah Careys Christmas album, Merry Christmas II You, as well as with Weezer and Lil Wayne on the song Cant Stop Partying
11.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
12.
Nice & Slow
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Nice & Slow is a 1998 single from Ushers second album My Way. It became his first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in early 1998, the song was written by Usher, Brian and Brandon Casey of the R&B group Jagged Edge, Manuel Seal Jr. and Jermaine Dupri. Nice & Slow was written by Usher, Jermaine Dupri, Manuel Seal, Jagged Edge provided background vocals in the record. Nice & Slow was recorded by Phil Tan at the Somewhere in College Park studio in College Park, Tan and Dupri mixed the record with assistance from John and Brian Frye at Studio LaCoCo, in Atlanta, Georgia. Dupri recalled telling Usher he needed a ballad to knock out the world, the beat was created first, and the lyrics were fitted to it. The composition and recording of Nice & Slow took four hours, Nice & Slow is a slow R&B, pop and soul ballad with hip hop influences. Musicologist Richard J. Ripani wrote that Nice & Slow is an example of the typical R&B ballad style that widely popular in the late 1990s. According to the music published at Musicnotes. com by Universal Music Publishing Group. Set in the key of A♭ major, it follows the chord progression of Fm11–Cm7–D♭maj13–E♭9sus. Ushers voice spans from the low note of E♭4 to the note of A♭5. Nice & Slow features an introduction, while in the middle of the song Usher performs a melodic rap. Usher said to Time that Nice & Slow is somewhat of a story between a man and a woman. Nice & Slow was released via CD single and cassette single on January 6,1998, a maxi single was released on March 2,1998, and a 12-inch on April 20 A remixes CD was made available on March 9,1998. A writer for the Daily News called it warmly engaging, a writer for Jet praised Ushers tender vocals on the sensuous ballad, stating that he displayed romance on the song. Nice & Slow debuted at nine on the Billboard Hot 100 on the chart dated January 24,1998. The first single from My Way slipped from number seven to number ten, on February 2,1998, the Recording Industry Association of America awarded the song a gold certification, following up with a platinum one on February 12. Nice & Slow continued to ascend the Hot 100, reaching number one on February 14 and it remained atop the chart on February 21, but on February 28 it was replaced by Celine Dions My Heart Will Go On. On the UK Singles Chart, Nice & Slow reached number 24, the music video for the song was directed by Hype Williams and shot in Paris
13.
Pop Ya Collar
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Pop Ya Collar is a single by American recording artist Usher, written by himself, Kevin Shekspere Briggs and Kandi Burruss while being produced by the former. The song was later included onto some editions of his official third studio album 8701. It was released as a CD Single in the United States on February 20,2001, Pop Ya Collar achieved moderate chart success. It peaked at sixty on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song reached its highest position on the UK Singles Chart at number two, and on the Belgium Singles Chart at number three, Pop Ya Collar reached the top forty in several other territories. Usher had initially planned to release the album entitled All About U, the album was to follow Ushers commercially successful and breakthrough 1997 album, My Way, which August 7,2001 had sold over seven million copies. On March 13,2000, multiple tracks from the album had leaked on to music store Napster several months prior to its release. U R the One and Pop Ya Collar, following the event, the albums release was delayed twice, on December 5,2000 and July 17,2001. With new tracks produced, the new album, under the title 8701, was released on July 1,2001 by Arista Records, Pop Ya Collar was released from Ushers previously intended third studio album All About U as the first single. Following the songs leak on online music store Napster, along several other tracks. Instead, U Remind Me was released as the first official single from Ushers 8701, Pop Ya Collar was released as a CD single in the United States on February 20,2001. Pop Ya Collar was written by Usher, Kevin Shekspere Briggs and Kandi Burruss, CD Single Pop Ya Collar Pop Ya Collar Pop Ya Collar Pop Ya Collar My Way Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
14.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
15.
The Boy Is Mine (song)
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The Boy Is Mine is a duet by American singers Brandy and Monica. Described as a song to Michael Jackson and Paul McCartneys 1982 duet The Girl Is Mine. The song received positive reviews from contemporary music critics and was the first number-one pop record for both artists, both stateside and internationally. The video was nominated for two MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year and Best R&B Video. The Boy Is Mine was awarded the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group, at the Billboard Music Awards, the song won in three categories, including Hot 100 Sales Single of Year. In 2008, Billboard listed it 54th on its 50th Anniversary All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs chart, in 2012, after 14 years, the singers reunited on the single It All Belongs to Me. The Boy Is Mine was a song Brandy Norwood wrote with Rodney Darkchild Jerkins, his brother Fred Jerkins III, Japhe Tejeda, and LaShawn Daniels. The singer came up with its concept while watching The Jerry Springer Show tabloid talk show, created as a solo track, Norwood originally recorded the song alone. Upon Norwoods request her label Atlantic Records approached fellow R&B teen singer Monica Arnold for collaboration, with the permission from Clive Davis, the then label head of Arista Records, Arnolds record company, the singer eventually signed on to the project. Originally, the duo recorded their vocals for the song together with Jerkins, however, the joint recording was felt to be a failure so Arnold re-recorded her vocals separately at the DARP Studios in Atlanta, Georgia with longtime contributor Dallas Austin. Thus, Austin would later share the production credit alongside Jerkins. Though both Norwood and Arnold repeatedly denied the song reflected any actual rivalry between them, tabloids began writing the opposite. As with The Boy Is Mine Jerkins later claimed that both singers they didn’t get along during production and that he and Dexter Simmons remixed the track seven times to keep everything even. In a 2012 interview with WZMX, Arnold spoke about her past relationship with Norwood and we could barely stay in the room with each other. By no means was it jealousy or envy and she and I are polar opposites and instead of embracing that, we used our differences as reasons not to be amongst each other. The song has a tempo of 93 beats per minute, written in the key of C♯ minor, the song follows a chord progression of F♯m9–C♯m9, and the vocals span from G♯3 to F♯4. On June 6,1998, The Boy Is Mine became both singers first solo hit and fifth top ten entry for each on the US Billboard Hot 100. In addition, it was the first number-one collaboration between solo women since 1979s two-weeks number-one run of No More Tears, performed by Barbra Streisand and Donna Summer
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Brandy Norwood
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Brandy Rayana Norwood, known professionally as Brandy, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born into a family in McComb, Mississippi and raised in Carson, California, she began her career as a child. In 1993, Norwood signed with Atlantic Records, the following year, she released her self-titled debut album, which was certified quadruple Platinum in the US, selling six million copies worldwide. Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom Moesha as the title character and her second album, Never Say Never, sold 16 million copies worldwide, featured two number one singles, and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award. This launched her international stardom, with films, endorsements, sold out concert tours. Throughout the 2000s, Norwood held a position in the pop industry. In 2002, she starred in the reality series Brandy, Special Delivery and her third and fourth albums, Full Moon and Afrodisiac, were released to critical and commercial success. She served as a judge on the first season of Americas Got Talent before being involved in a widely publicized car accident in 2006, after several lawsuits stemming from the accident, Norwoods fifth album, Human, was released to commercial failure. In the 2010s, Norwood received a critical and commercial resurgence, in 2010, she returned to television as a contestant on the eleventh season of Dancing with the Stars and starred in the reality series Brandy & Ray J, A Family Business. In 2012 she became a regular in the BET series The Game. In April 2015, Norwood made her Broadway debut in the musical Chicago and she starred in and executive produced a new sitcom Zoe Ever After on the BET network in January 2016. Throughout her career, she has sold over 40 million records worldwide, the Recording Industry Association of America lists Norwood as one of the top selling artists in the United States, with 10.5 million certified albums. Her work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award, one American Music Award and she is the older sister of entertainer Ray J, as well as a cousin of rapper Snoop Dogg. Raised in a Christian home, Norwood started singing through her fathers work as part of the church choir. In 1983, her parents relocated to Los Angeles, California, Norwood began entering talent shows by the time she was eleven, and, as part of a youth singing group, performed at several public functions. To manage her daughter, Norwoods mother soon resigned from her job, while Norwood herself dropped out of Hollywood High School later, and was tutored privately from tenth grade on. During the early stages of her debut album, Norwood was selected for a role in the ABC sitcom Thea. Norwood recalled that she appreciated the cancellation of the show as she was unenthusiastic about acting at the time, and she stated, I felt bad for everybody else but me
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Monica (singer)
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Monica Denise Brown, simply known as Monica, is an American singer, songwriter, producer, and actress. Born and raised in College Park, Georgia, she began performing as a child and she rose to prominence after releasing her debut studio album, Miss Thang, in 1995. In 1998, Monicas second album, The Boy Is Mine, Monica also ventured into acting, with a supporting role in Boys and Girls, and starring roles in television film Love Song. During the production of her album, All Eyez on Me, Monica experienced personal struggles. In 2003, her album, After the Storm, was released. The album also included her Top 20 Billboard Hot 100 hit U Shouldve Known Better, Monica has sold over 5.3 million albums in the United States alone. With a career lasting over 20 years, she became the first artist to top the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. In 2010, Billboard listed Monica at number 24 on its list of the Top 50 R&B, Monica was born in College Park, Georgia on October 24,1980. She is the daughter of Marilyn Best, a former church singer and Delta Air Lines customer service representative. Billy Arnold Jr. a mechanic working for an Atlanta freight company and she has a younger brother, Montez, half brother Jermond Grant on her fathers side, and two maternal half-brothers, Tron and Cypress. Monica also is a cousin of record producer Polow da Don, and relative-in-law to rapper Ludacris through her mothers marriage to Reverend Edward Best. At the age of 2, Monica followed in her mothers footsteps with regular performances at the Jones Hill Chapel United Methodist Church in Marilyns hometown Newnan, Georgia. When she was 10 years old, she became the youngest member of Charles Thompson and the Majestics and she also attended North Clayton High School along with rapper 2 Chainz. In 1991, at the age of eleven, Monica was discovered by music producer Dallas Austin at the Center Stage auditorium in Atlanta performing Whitney Houston 1986s Greatest Love of All. Amazed by her voice, Dallas offered her a deal with his Arista Records-distributed label Rowdy Records. Billboard 200 and number seven on the Top R&B Albums chart. S, Miss Thang subsequently won Monica a Billboard Music Award and garnered her an American Music Award nomination in the Favorite Soul/R&B New Artist category. After a label change to Clive Daviss Arista Records, Monica mainstream success was boosted, the following year she was asked to team up with singer Brandy and producer Rodney Darkchild Jerkins to record The Boy Is Mine, the first single from both of their second albums. It earned the pair a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and garnered multi-platinum sales
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United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
19.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
20.
GfK Entertainment Charts
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The GfK Entertainment Charts are the official music charts in Germany and are gathered and published by GfK Entertainment GmbH on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Following a lawsuit in March 2014 by Media Control AG, Media Control® GfK International had to change its name, dissemination of the charts is conducted by various media outlets, some of which include VIVA music channel, and the Swiss charts website. Other entities that present the charts are MusicLoad and MIX1, furthermore, GfK Entertainment also runs a dedicated website providing chart-related news and access to most of the charts. Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called Der Musikmarkt, since 1959, the growing desire to have a well-developed music program has made Bundesverband Musikindustrie work together with charts providers to improve the way the charts are determined. For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which Media Control, hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine Der Musikmarkt in September 1977. Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots, since 1989, however, GfK Entertainment has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, now called Offizielle Top 100 Charts. In 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles, Media Control developed Music Video charts in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as DVD charts. While music-videos have their own charts, in 2001, GfK Entertainment made it possible for the music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was available for music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for the DVD chart only, in the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart. In 2003, Media Control joined forces with GfK, thus the name officially being changed to Media Control GfK International GmbH. In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads, digital-only releases came into existence on 13 July 2007, for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of music downloads as before. Thus, the albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number-one position on the charts. In March 2014, GfK announced that the official chart providers name in Germany will change from Media Control GfK International GmbH to GfK Entertainment, there are currently 3,000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to GfK Entertainment via communication network channel and this is the list of categories, for each of which charts are provided by GfK Entertainment
21.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
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Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
23.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
24.
Usher discography
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American recording artist and entertainer Usher has released eight studio albums, nine compilation albums, eight extended plays, and fifty-three singles. His music has released on the LaFace, Arista, Jive. 23 million of his albums were shipped in the United States and he also has 9 Hot 100 number-one singles and 18 Hot 100 top-ten singles. In 1994, Usher released his debut album in North America. His follow-up 1997 album My Way sold 8 million copies, becoming his breakthrough album and it was certified six-times platinum in the US, and spawned three successful singles, including his first US Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit Nice & Slow. Ushers success continued in 2001 with his studio album 8701. It debuted at four on the Billboard 200. The album produced two number-one singles—U Remind Me and U Got It Bad and it has sold more than 4.7 million copies and has been certified four-times platinum in the US. Its worldwide sales stand at over 8 million, Ushers success increased in 2004, with the release of his fourth studio album Confessions. It was his first US number-one album, and had the highest first-week sales for an R&B artist and it spawned four Hot 100 number-one hits, Yeah. Burn, Confessions Part II, and My Boo, Yeah. and Burn stayed atop the Hot 100 for a combined 20 weeks and were the best-selling singles of 2004, ranking first and second, respectively. Confessions received a certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. The album ranked second on the 2000–2009 Billboard 200 Decade-end chart, in 2008, Usher issued Here I Stand. Its lead single Love in This Club topped the Hot 100, follow-up single Love in This Club Part II became a top 20 hit, while the albums fourth and fifth singles, Trading Places and Moving Mountains, charted below the top 40. Here I Stand was deemed as a commercial failure relative to Confessions and it was certified platinum by the RIAA and has sold 1.3 million copies in the United States. Its worldwide sales stand over 5 million copies, in 2010, Usher released Raymond v. Raymond, and it became his third consecutive number-one album. The album produced five singles, Papers, Hey Daddy, Lil Freak and There Goes My Baby all reaching the Hot 100s top 40, while Papers and There Goes My Baby topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The albums two singles, OMG and More, achieved worldwide success, with OMG topping the Hot 100 to give him his ninth number-one single
25.
Usher (album)
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Usher is the eponymous debut studio album by American singer Usher. It was released on August 30,1994, by LaFace Records, as executive producer, Sean Puffy Combs mostly did the production work on this album, as well as the additional production that were provided by Chucky Thompson, DeVante Swing and Al B. The album debuted at number 167 on the US Billboard 200, the release of the album was accompanied by the supported of three singles, Can U Get wit It, Think of You and The Many Ways. To date, the album has sold over 200,000 copies in the United States, music called the debut album an enjoyable ride. Anderson Jones of Entertainment Weekly in a review of the album called the songs sophomoric. — denotes releases that did not chart, Usher at AllMusic Usher at Discogs
26.
The Many Ways
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The Many Ways is the third single from Ushers album Usher. The single underperformed on the Billboard charts, peaking at number 42 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart, the music video was directed by Hype Williams
27.
You Make Me Wanna...
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You Make Me Wanna. is a song by American recording artist Usher. It was released by LaFace Records and Arista Records as the single from Ushers second studio album. You Make Me Wanna. was written by Usher along with Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal, an R&B, soul and pop ballad in C minor, it makes use of acoustic guitar, hi-hat and bell instrumentation. The record received favorable reviews from critics, and won a Billboard Music Award, a Soul Train Music Award, and a WQHT Hip Hop Award, and was nominated for a Grammy Award. You Make Me Wanna. appeared on record charts, topping the UK Singles Chart. It also reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100, US Pop Songs, Canadian Singles Chart, Dutch Top 40 and ARIA Singles Chart. An accompanying music video, directed by Bille Woodruff, shows Usher dancing in various colored rooms and backgrounds, Usher wrote You Make Me Wanna. with Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal, who also produced and played musical instruments on the tune. Phil Tan was in charge of recording the song at the Somewhere in College Park recording studio, in College Park, Tan and Dupri mixed the record with assistance from John and Brian Frye at Studio LaCoCo, in Atlanta, Georgia. Draws from the genres of R&B, soul and pop, and heavily utilizes the acoustic guitar, while also incorporating hi-hat and bell instrumentation. According to Universal Music Publishing Groups sheet music published at Musicnotes. com, Ushers voice extends from the low note of B♭3 to the high note of C6. The ballad has a sequence of Cm–Fm7–A♭–G–G/B as its chord progression. In the song, Usher attempts to seduce his partners best friend, the songs lyrics are written in second-person narrative, and its hook is the pick-up line, You make me wanna leave the one Im with and start a new relationship with you. Usher told Rolling Stone that the song was inspired by one of his own memories of juggling three women and you Make Me Wanna. was distributed by LaFace Records and Arista Records. It was released via maxi single on August 5,1997, a remixes maxi single was made available in the United States on September 9,1997, and in Germany on October 13,1997. You Make Me Wanna. was released via cassette single, CD single and 12 vinyl in the UK on January 12,1998, the vinyl was made available in the US on April 24,2001. Unauthorized copies of the song were distributed in Europe before its release, serves as the opening track to Ushers second studio album, My Way, while an extended version concludes the album. Robert Christgau noted You Make Me Wanna. as one of the best tracks from My Way, entertainment Weeklys Whitney Pastorek gave the song an A- rating, and complimented its minimal production. According to Ann Powers of The New York Times, the song put the back in the word relationship
28.
8701
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8701 is the third studio album by American singer Usher, it was first released on August 7,2001, by Arista Records. Recording was handled by producers including The Neptunes, Jermaine Dupri, Babyface, Kevin Shekspere Briggs, Mike City, Bryan Michael Cox. It was intended for an October 31,2000 release under the title All About U,8701 takes inspiration from multiple artists, including Donny Hathaway, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, and Michael Jackson. It follows the theme of Ushers relationship experience, along with the emotions of love, Usher promoted the album by embarking on the supporting tour, Evolution 8701 Tour in 2002, to which it he performed in forty-four shows across North America. He also made appearances in shows, including Live. with Kelly. 8701 produced two Billboard Hot 100 number one singles – U Remind Me and U Got It Bad stayed on top for four and five weeks, the album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart, with 210,000 copies sold in its first week. It has sold over 4.7 million copies in the United States, receiving a 4× platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America, worldwide sales stand at over eight million. 8701 received generally positive reviews critics, who praised Ushers vocals and development as an artist. The album earned Usher numerous awards, including two Grammy Awards, three Billboard Music Awards and a BET Award, Usher had initially planned to release the album entitled All About U, as his third studio album on October 31,2000. The album was to follow his successful My Way which to date, has sold seven million copies. On March 13,2000, multiple tracks from the album had leaked on to music store Napster several months prior to its release. U R the One and Pop Ya Collar, following the event, the albums release was delayed twice, on December 5,2000 to July 17,2001. With new tracks produced, Ushers publicist announced a new name for the album, under the title 8701, Usher hinted that it was derived after something significant to him, and he would disclose it in the upcoming months. 8701 was recorded in the United States, in the cities of Los Angeles, New York, Minneapolis, both Jam and Lewis were asked by Ushers mother, and then manager, to contribute to 8701s production, during the 2000 MTV Music Awards. According to Jam, his mother had said Oh my God, Ushers got this track, following this, Usher asked both producers to create a song similar to their 1985 Tender Love, performed by R&B vocal group Force MDs. Though he wanted it to be his own record, which contains a small similarity, to which Jam. But I want people to just go, he can sing, theres a little bit of all of that in the album. I really appreciate what music was then as well as in the early 90s when you had artists like Troop and Jodeci
29.
U Remind Me
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U Remind Me is a song by American entertainer Usher. It was written by Anita McCloud and Edmund Clement and produced by the latter along with Jimmy Jam, the song served as the lead American single from 8701 following the release of previous single Pop Ya Collar which was only included in some editions of the album. A commercial success, U Remind Me topped the US Billboard Hot 100 on July 7,2001 and also reached the top five in Australia, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Critically acclaimed, the song won Usher his first Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and its accompanying music video features Chilli of TLC as one the female leads. U Remind Me is an R&B song written in the key of G♭ major, the song follows the chord progression of E♭m7-A♭m7-B♭m7, and the piano ranges from the low note of E♭2 to the high note of A♭5, while Ushers vocal range stretches from B♭2 to A♭5. The songs lyrics are based on meeting a woman who reminds Usher of an ex-girlfriend, music noted the song as the best track on 8701, dubbing it the 2001 version of Craig Davids Fill Me In. Allmusics Stephen Thomas Erlewine also chose it as a highlight from the album, in 2010, Boonsri Dickinson of AOL Radio ranked U Remind Me as Ushers ninth-best song. Website/YouTube channel Watchmojo. com ranked U Remind Me at number eight for Top 10 Usher Songs, U Remind Me gained Usher his first Grammy Award, winning the category of Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 44th annual ceremony. Other nominees for the award were Cases Missing You, Maxwells Lifetime, Brian McKnights Love of My Life, the accompanying music video for the song was directed by Dave Meyers. The video features look-a-likes for singers Mýa, Brandy, and Tamia, Chilli of TLC makes a cameo appearance in the video. The video was filmed in April of 2001 List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2001 R&B number-one hits of 2001 U Remind Me official music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
30.
U Got It Bad
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U Got It Bad is a song by American recording artist Usher, released through Arista as the second single from his third studio album,8701. It was written by Usher, Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox and it was released as a CD Single in the US on September 4,2001. U Got It Bad is an R&B ballad that, according to MTV, incorporates digi-coustic guitars, the lyrics notably contain some quick direct allusions to other soul music ballads, mainly Maxwells Fortunate, and Princes Adore. U Got It Bad topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week before being replaced for four weeks by Nickelbacks How You Remind Me, U Got It Bad then returned to number one, going on to stay atop for five consecutive weeks. With the song and previous single U Remind Me, Usher was the only solo male act of 2001 to have a number 1 hit on the Hot 100, the songs music video features TLCs Chilli as Ushers love interest. Due the success of the song, it was featured on the 2001 compilation album Now Thats What I Call Music,8 U Got It Bad was written by Usher, Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox. It was produced by the former and co-produced by the latter, recording was done by Brian Frye and mixing by Dupri and Phil Tan, at Southside Studios, Atlanta, Georgia. John Horesco IV provided mixing assistance, William Billy Odum performed the Guitar, the lyrics to the song were, according to Dupri, inspired by a true story. He and Usher were in the studio trying to some music for the album. Following an argument, the girl left, a while later, they started on talking on the phone, which prompted Dupri to kick Usher out of the studio telling him, “We’re going to do this later on. You got it completely too bad right now and this ignited the inspiration for the song, and once Usher had left, Dupri started writing its lyrics, with the notion that it was going to be a big hit. Once Usher had returned to the studio, Dupri shared the story of the song with him, U Got It Bad is an R&B ballad. According to the music published at Musicnotes. com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Ushers vocal range spans from the low note of F#4 to the note of A5. The song is actually a semitone lower in the key of D-flat major, U Got It Bad is a slow jam, that makes use of digi-coustic guitars, a slow-burning bass line and sex funk drums. Ushers vocals floats and runs between the songs melodys, before intensifying when entering the chorus, the Neptunes produced track, I Don’t Know, was initially intended as the albums second single. Rapper P. Diddy was to direct its video in Los Angeles in July 2001. The song was receiving radio play prior to the release of 8701s first single U Remind Me, U Got it Bad was released as a CD Single in the US on December 18,2001
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U Don't Have to Call
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U Dont Have to Call is a song by American R&B/pop singer Usher. It was written by Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo a. k. a, the Neptunes for Ushers third studio album 8701. The track features vocals by fellow R&B artist Kelis And Also Originally Was A Track For Michael Jackson. The song was the third US single from the album and the international single. Internationally, it was released as part of a double A-side with his collaboration with P. Diddy on I Need a Girl, the single reached number 4 in the UK Singles Chart. U Dont Have to Call eventually won Usher his second consecutive Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2003, the singles music video was filmed in Los Angeles at the Westin Bonaventure Hotel. The official remix features rapper Ludacris
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Confessions (Usher album)
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Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher. It was released on March 23,2004, by Arista Records, primarily an R&B album, Confessions showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk. The albums themes generated controversy about Ushers personal relationships, however, the album became an instant commercial success in the United States, selling 1.1 million copies in its first week. Its continued success was bolstered by its four chart-topping singles, to begin strategizing of boosting its sales amid threats of bootlegging, the special edition for the album was issued, which includes the hit single, My Boo, a duet with Alicia Keys. Despite some mixed criticism towards its lyrical substance, Confessions received mostly positive reviews and earned Usher several awards, the album has been regarded by music writers as Ushers greatest work, and according to Billboard, is the second best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the United States. With over eight million copies sold in 2004, the commercial success was viewed as a sign of recovering album sales in the US. It was also exemplary of urban musics commercial peak and dominance of the Billboard charts in 2004, Confessions has been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and, as of 2016, has sold over 11 million copies in the US and over 20 million copies worldwide. When he began recording Confessions in 2003, Usher claimed he did not want to work with any new producers, production began between Usher and Jermaine Dupri, who produced his last two albums, My Way and 8701. In spite of his vision, Usher stated, With this album I chose some new producers who I figured would definitely allow me to really articulate myself in a different way and you gotta look for something different. Dupri also invited his frequent collaborator Bryan-Michael Cox, the album features productions by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Just Blaze, R. Kelly, and Ushers brother James Lackey. With forty recorded songs, Usher felt the album had already been completed, initially, he submitted the album to his record label, Arista. Usher was displeased with the decision, he felt returning to the studio was the hardest part and he went on recording a few more tracks with help from fellow Atlantians Lil Jon and Ludacris. Eventually, the team was able to produce songs like Red Light and he also recorded songs with P. Diddy and The Neptunes during one of those sessions but were not released. One of Ushers first steps of recording Confessions was deciding to reveal his own little secrets, the more they know about you, the more they feel like theyre there with you. Primarily because of its content, Usher said that this is his chance to be real. He named the album Confessions because he felt it is his most personal record to date, I let a few of them out, you know. Ive got a lot of things and stuff built in me that I just want to let go of and he wrote more songs than he contributed to his previous album. Several of the songs in this album were based on a situation
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Yeah! (Usher song)
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Yeah. is a song by American singer Usher. He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, and Lil Jon. It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former producing the song as well as incorporating crunk. Topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for consecutive weeks. Yeah. was the number one single in 2004, subsequently topping the year-end chart on the Hot 100. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, the song received a similar response in other countries, topping in other twelve charts worldwide. It was certified platinum in countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Norway. The song peaked in the top-ten in several Year-end charts, an accompanying music video, directed by Mr. X, shows Usher performing choreography in a club in front of blue laser beams. Yeah won a Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 47th Grammy Awards, the song ranked second on the Billboard Hot 100 2000–2009 Decade-end chart. As of September 2013, the song has sold over 4 million copies in the US, in the fall of 2003, Usher submitted his fourth studio album, Confessions, to his record label Arista Records. However, when the singer and the companys then-president L. A. Reid listened to the songs, in light of this, Usher was told to record a few more tracks, and so he enlisted American rapper-producer Lil Jon to aid in musical production. Lil Jon recalled He needed a single and they had Burn, Burn was hot, but they needed that first powerful monster. Several months prior to Lil Jon coming in to aid in the production of Confessions, the rapper would only select two tracks, which would give Lil Jon the opportunity to give leftover songs to other record labels. Without Lil Jons knowledge, Jive Records gave one of the tracks to hip hop artist Petey Pablo. Meanwhile, assuming that the song had not been used, Lil Jon gave the production to Usher, Lil Jon commented, With so much invested, Jive wouldnt give up the cut. Lil Jon reworked the track and a new instrumental was used, though Yeah. was now completed, the label still had Burn on queue for the lead single. Ushers friend and former A&R rep Kawan KP Prather commented, Burn being a song is one thing, but its one of them things where people said, Its strong. At the end of the day, you want an event, Usher was unsure if Yeah. was the right choice
34.
Confessions Part II
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Confessions Part II is a song by R&B singer Usher, produced by Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox for Ushers fourth album Confessions. Written by Usher, Dupri and Cox, the song is a confession of a man to his woman about his impregnated mistress, Confessions Part II received mixed reviews from critics. The song was released as the single from the album. The single reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks, becoming the third consecutive number-one single. Internationally, the single had lesser success than the previous releases. He again enlisted producer-songwriter Jermaine Dupri, who had produced songs for Ushers two previous albums, Dupri approached Bryan-Michael Cox, asking him to become a collaborator. Cox has been a frequent partner of Dupri who had produced hits for Usher as well, like Burn, the second single from the album, Dupri and Cox conversed about a situation, creating the idea of the prospective song. However, they were concerned because they needed somebody to write such a song, Usher started recording the song on July 2003 in New York City. One day, before the night was over, Usher was singing about impregnating a mistress and becoming displeased, the theme of cheating inspired him and Dupri, and they then decided to produce two parts of Confessions, Part I and Part II. Usher said that the former is a dramatization where a guy confesses all the stuff hes been doing against his woman, the latter speaks of impregnating a mistress. While Confessions was still in production, Usher promised real talk in it and he decided to let it all hang out by singing about some of his own little secrets, as well as a few bones from his homies skeleton-filled closets. He explained, All of us have our Pandoras boxes or skeletons in our closets, I let a few of them out, you know. Ive got a lot of things and stuff built in me that I just want to let go of and he further noted that, for the most part, the albums subject matter is very personal. Dupri expected people to some of the personal lyrics they associated in the song. Confessions Part II was released as the single from the album. The single was released in the United States as a 12 single on August 24,2004 and it was released in Germany on October 18, and Australia on October 26,2004, featuring the album and remix version of the track and a song called Whatever I Want. In the United Kingdom, it was a double A-side with My Boo and it was released in the country on December 28,2004, and re-released on January 18,2005. Usher held few listening parties for the prior to its release
35.
Burn (Usher song)
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Burn is a song by American R&B singer Usher, which he wrote with American songwriters Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox. The song was produced by Dupri and Cox for Ushers fourth studio album, Burn is about breakup in a relationship, and the public referred to it as an allusion to Ushers personal struggles. Originally planned as the lead single, Burn was pushed back after favorable responses for the song Yeah. Burn was released as the single from the album on March 21,2004. Burn topped various charts around the world, including the Billboard Hot 100 for eight non-consecutive weeks, both singles gave Usher nineteen consecutive weeks at the top spot, longer than any solo artist of the Hot 100 era. Burn was certified platinum in Australia and United States, and gold in New Zealand, the song was well received by critics and garnered award nominations. In 2009 it was named the 21st most successful song of the 2000s and this song won the 2005 Kids Choice Award for Favorite Song. When Usher planned to make a new record after his album,8701, he decided to not branch out that much with musical collaborators. Usher again enlisted record-producer Jermaine Dupri, who had collaborated on his two albums, along with The Neptunes, R. Kelly, among others to work on his fourth studio album Confessions. Dupri contacted his frequent collaborator Bryan-Michael Cox, who had made hits like the 2001 single U Got It Bad for Usher. During the early session for the album, Dupri and Cox talked about a situation which later became Burn, at that time, Ushers two-year relationship with TLCs Chilli was flaming out. They said, Yo, you let that burn. Thats a song there, and started writing. Usher submitted the album to his label Arista Records after he felt it was already completed, Usher went back to the studio and collaborated with Lil Jon who said, He needed a single. They had Burn, Burn was hot, but they needed that first powerful monster and they worked for few more tracks, including Red Light, which was not included in the first release of the album, and Yeah. Which features Ludacris and Lil Jon, however, everybody in the label was scared to decide what to consider as the lead single. Would be released then, considering that they had Burn, Usher was also doubtful if the former was the right choice, after he wanted an R&B record. Until Yeah. was leaked, Burn was chosen as the official first single from Confessions, which was intended as a promotional song and a teaser for Ushers fans, was released to street DJs and mixtapes
