1.
Las Cruces, New Mexico
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Las Cruces, also known as The City of the Crosses, is the seat of Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 97,618, Las Cruces is the largest city in both Doña Ana County and southern New Mexico. The Las Cruces metropolitan area had an population of 213,676 in 2014. It is the city of a metropolitan statistical area which encompasses all of Doña Ana County and is part of the larger El Paso–Las Cruces combined statistical area. Las Cruces is the economic and geographic center of the Mesilla Valley, Las Cruces is the home of New Mexico State University, New Mexicos only land-grant university. The citys major employer is the government on nearby White Sands Test Facility. The Organ Mountains,10 miles to the east, are dominant in the landscape, along with the Doña Ana Mountains, Robledo Mountains. Las Cruces lies 225 miles south of Albuquerque,48 miles northwest of El Paso, spaceport America, which lies 55 miles to the north and with corporate offices in Las Cruces, has seen the completion of several successful manned, suborbital flights. The city is also the headquarters for Virgin Galactic, the worlds first company to offer sub-orbital spaceflights, the area where Las Cruces rose was previously inhabited by the Manso people, with the Mescalero Apache living nearby. The area remained under New Spains control until September 28,1821, the area was also claimed by the Republic of Texas during this time until the end of the Mexican–American War in 1846–48. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 established the United States as owner of this territory, Mesilla became the leading settlement of the area, with more than 2,000 residents in 1860, more than twice what Las Cruces had. The first train reached Las Cruces in 1881, Las Cruces was not affected as strongly by the train as some other villages, as it was not a terminus or a crossroads, but the population did grow to 2,300 in the 1880s. Las Cruces was incorporated as a town in 1907, pat Garrett is best known for his involvement in the Lincoln County War, but he also worked in Las Cruces on a famous case, the disappearance of Albert Jennings Fountain in 1896. Growth of Las Cruces has been attributed to the university, government jobs, New Mexico State University was founded in 1888, and it has grown as Las Cruces has grown. The establishment of White Sands Missile Range in 1944 and White Sands Test Facility in 1963 has been integral to population growth, Las Cruces is the nearest city to each, and they provide Las Cruces work force many high-paying, stable, government jobs. In recent years, the influx of retirees from out of state has also increased Las Cruces population, in the 1960s Las Cruces undertook a large urban renewal project, intended to convert the old downtown into a modern city center. As part of this, St. Genevieves Catholic Church, built in 1859, was razed to make way for a pedestrian mall. The original covered walkways are now being removed in favor of a traditional main street thoroughfare
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
New Mexico State University
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New Mexico State University, is a major public, land-grant, research university in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States. Founded in 1888, it is the oldest public institution of education in the state of New Mexico. It was founded to teach agriculture in 1888 as the Las Cruces College, and it received its present name in 1960. NMSU has 18,497 students enrolled as of Fall 2009, NMSU offers a wide range of programs and awards associate, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees through its main campus and four community colleges. NMSU is the only research-extensive, land-grant, U. S. -Mexico border institution classified by the government as serving Hispanics. In 1888 Hiram Hadley, an Earlham College-educated teacher from Indiana, one decade later, the Territorial Assembly of New Mexico provided for the establishment of an agricultural college and agricultural experiment station with Bill No. 28, the Rodey Act of 1889, designated as the land-grant college for New Mexico under the Morrill Act, it was named the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Las Cruces College then merged with the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts and it began with 35 students and 6 faculty members. The college was supposed to graduate its first student in 1893, classes met in the two-room adobe building of Las Cruces College until new buildings were erected on the 220-acre campus three miles south of Las Cruces. In February 1891, McFie Hall, popularly known as Old Main, McFie Hall burned down in 1910, but its remains can be seen in the center of Pride Field on the University Horseshoe. In 1960, in move to better represent its operations, New Mexico A&M was renamed New Mexico State University by a constitutional amendment. New Mexico State University now has a 6, 000-acre campus, full-time faculty members number 694, with a staff of 3,113. The university has an international student population from in Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia. The main campus of New Mexico State University occupies 900 acres in the city of Las Cruces and it is located adjacent to Interstate 25, surrounded by desert landscape and greenhouses. The main campus is bordered by Interstate 10, which is the main east-west interstate highway across the southern part of the United States. To the east of Interstate 25, the facilities consist of the Presidents residence, NMSU Golf Course, the A Mountain west slope. About six miles south of campus on 203 acres of land is the Leyendecker Plant Science Research Center, the Las Cruces campus is home to a nesting population of Swainsons hawks, a raptor species currently protected by federal law. The hawks are known for attacking pedestrians randomly, pedestrians are advised to be careful when walking on Stewart Street, as signs have been posted all across
4.
Golf course
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A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played. It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards. A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes, most courses contain 18 holes, some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round. Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes, many older courses are links, often coastal. Courses are private, public, and municipally owned, and typically feature a pro shop, many private courses are found at country clubs. Although a specialty within landscape design or landscape architecture, golf course architecture is considered a field of study. While golf courses often follow the landscape, some modification is unavoidable. This is increasingly the case as new courses are likely to be sited on less optimal land. Bunkers and sand traps are almost always artificial, although other hazards may be natural, the layout of a fairway follows certain traditional principles, such as the number of holes, their par values, and the number of holes of each par value per course. It is also preferable to arrange greens to be close to the tee box of the next hole, to minimize travel distance while playing a round. Combined with the need to all the fairways within what is frequently a compact square or rectangular plot of land. In complex areas, two holes may share the same tee box, fairway, or even green and it is also common for separate tee-off points to be positioned for men, women, and amateurs, each one respectively lying closer to the green. Eighteen-hole courses are traditionally broken down into a front 9 and a back 9. On older courses, the holes may be out in one long loop, beginning and ending at the clubhouse, and thus the front 9 is referred to on the scorecard as out. More recent courses tend to be designed with the front 9, a successful design is as visually pleasing as it is playable. Most golf courses have only par-3, -4, and -5 holes, typical distances for the various holes from standard tees are as follows. Terrain can also be a factor, so that a long downhill hole might be rated par 4 and this compensates for the generally longer distance pro players can put on tee and fairway shots as compared to the average bogey golfer. The game of golf is played in what is called a round and this consists of playing a set number of holes in an order predetermined by the course
5.
Aggie Memorial Stadium
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Aggie Memorial Stadium is an outdoor football stadium on the campus of New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The stadium is the field of the New Mexico State Aggies of the Sun Belt Conference. The venue opened in September 1978 and the current seating capacity is 30,343, the natural grass playing field sits at an elevation of 3,980 feet above sea level. NM State Aggies womens soccer play at Aggie Memorial Stadium. Prior to 1978, the Aggies had played on the site since 1933. Located just to the northeast of Hadley Hall, and originally known as Quesenberry Field, Memorial Stadium, which served for 28 seasons, was replaced both due to its small size and the want of an expanded athletics plant with more infrastructure and parking. The new Aggie Memorial Stadium, dedicated to alumni who had served in the Korean War and it was funded by the state legislature as part of a capital project on the campus. The first home game saw the Aggies defeat rival UTEP 35–32 on September 16,1978,20 years later, the Aggies and Miners played to the largest crowd in stadium history, with 32,993 in attendance to see the Aggies win again, 33–24. The stadium, designed by alumnus Craig Protz of Bohering-Protz Associates, was built just to the south of the Pan American Center, the first level of seating wraps around the field, except for two 100-foot wide gaps behind each end zone. The northern end leads to the locker facilities and main entrance to the stadium. Because of these gaps it was impossible to access the east side of the stadium from the west. A bridge over the north ramp constructed prior to the 2006 season now allows fans to cross one side of the stadium to the other. The seating extends to a second level on either side of the field. In addition to football, the stadium hosts major concerts. Artists that have performed at the stadium include Metallica, Guns N Roses, Faith No More, The Eagles, Vans Warped Tour & Paul McCartney, among others. Metallica and Guns N Roses brought the Guns N Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour to the stadium on August 27,1992, also, Mayfield High School and Las Cruces High School play against each other in the stadium every year in November. NM State Sports. com – Aggie Memorial Stadium
6.
Apache Point Observatory
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The Apache Point Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in the Sacramento Mountains in Sunspot, New Mexico, United States, approximately 18 miles south of Cloudcroft. The observatory is operated by New Mexico State University and owned by the Astrophysical Research Consortium, access to the telescopes and buildings is restricted, but the public is able to visit the grounds. The ARC was formed in 1984 with the goal of building the 3.5 m telescope, five additional organizations have joined over time, the Institute for Advanced Study, Johns Hopkins University, University of Colorado, University of Virginia, and Georgia State University. Funding for the 3.5 m and 0.5 m telescopes comes from consortium, the 1.0 m telescope is supported exclusively by NMSU. The ARC3.5 m telescope is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector on a mount with instruments attached at several focal points. Construction of the began in 1985, but full operations of the telescope were delayed until November 1994 due to problems with fabricating the primary mirror. From 1991 until early 1993 the telescope was fitted with a 1.8 m mirror now located at Rothney Astrophysical Observatory under a cost-sharing agreement. There are a variety of optical and near-infrared instruments available for the 3.5 m telescope, including, the Double Imaging Spectrometer is a low-resolution optical spectrometer. The Near Infrared Camera/Fabry–Pérot Spectrometer was developed at the University of Colorado and it uses a 1024x1024 H1RG HgCdTe infrared detector and a near-infrared Fabry–Pérot interferometer. It has many narrow band filters, including H2, and and it is unique among astronomical Fabry-Pérot devices in that it is cooled with liquid nitrogen. The Seaver Prototype Imaging camera is an imaging instrument with a 2048x2048 pixel CCD. TripleSpec is a near infrared spectrograph which provides continuous coverage over the range 0. 94-2.46 µm at moderate resolution. The 3.5 m telescope is used by the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation lunar-ranging project. The APOLLO laser has been operational since October 2005, and routinely accomplishes millimeter-level range accuracy between the Earth and the Moon, observations using the 3.5 m telescope can be carried out remotely by observers using TUI, the Telescope User Interface, via the internet. The SDSS2.5 m telescope is used for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and it is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector on an alt-azimuth mount housed under a roll-off enclosure. It was designed with an unusually large 3° field of view to support its primary task of surveying the entire sky. The NMSU1.0 m telescope is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector set on an alt-azimuth mount, a 2048x2048 CCD mounted at the Nasmyth focus provides at 15.7 arcminute view of the sky. The ARC Small Aperture Telescope was previously called the Photometric Telescope when it was part of the SDSS project and it is a 0.5 m reflecting telescope on an equatorial mount, with a single CCD camera cooled by a CryoTiger unit
7.
New Mexico State University Alamogordo
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New Mexico State University Alamogordo is a two-year community college located in Alamogordo, New Mexico and is accredited by North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. It is a campus of New Mexico State University at Las Cruces. NMSU-A was established in 1958, and classes were held at night on the Alamogordo High School campus, the main purpose of the post-secondary educational venture was to serve the military and civilian personnel from Holloman Air Force Base, as well as students from the local nonmilitary population. The service area of the school includes HAFB, White Sands Missile Range, the Mescalero Apache Reservation, the community college offers certificate and associate degrees. The college has an articulation agreement with New Mexico State University in Las Cruces for NMSU-A students who plan to pursue bachelors degrees
8.
International Environmental Design Contest
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The International Environmental Design Contest is a competition hosted by the WERC Consortium and the Institute for Energy & the Environment at New Mexico State University. It is an event in which student teams prepare written, oral, poster. The student solutions are judged by industry and academic professionals, for an explanation of the contest tasks, awards, and a listing of participating teams, see below. The International Environmental Design Contest has been held annually at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, the Design Contest occurs in April and draws college students from around the United States and the world to showcase engineering design solutions. It is hosted by New Mexico State Universitys WERC Consortium and Institute for Energy & the Environment, in the past, the contest has also held concurrent high school design contests. In response to design tasks posed by the organization, student teams prepare written, oral, poster. The design tasks are based on environmental challenges, focusing on technologies to tackle renewable energy innovation, sustainable building design. The design challenges usually relate to water and renewable energy, the challenges are developed with assistance from government agencies, industrial affiliates, and academic partners. These assisting entities also serve as judges for the final competition, students consider alternative solutions to a given “environmental challenge” from all aspects including technical, legal, health, socioeconomic and community related issues. Other considerations include regulatory guidelines, public opinion, and cost, winning solutions merit cash prizes and traveling trophies. For more information about awards and tasks, please see the Awards & Tasks sections below, the Contest is hosted by the Institute for Energy & the Environment at New Mexico State University. The contest is a sponsored event, Awards and Tasks for the event change from year to year, the number and type of tasks change annually. In 2003, there were as many as 14 tasks, the tasks are developed from input given by government agencies, industrial affiliates, academic partners to the Institute for Energy and the Environment. Develop an inland desalination operation and disposal system in rural, isolated communities to demonstrate a low-cost, convert a biomass resource to useful forms of energy and other products to demonstrate options using biogas or liquids. Cash prizes and traveling trophies are awarded at the Design Contest, individual awards are also distributed at the event. Awards include, Outstanding Award for best oral and paper presentation, the Terry McManus Award, the Intel Innovation award, the following is a listing of Design Contest Awards and their recipients at previous years competitions, More than 5000 students have participated in the contest since its beginning
9.
New Mexico State Aggies
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New Mexico State Universitys teams are called the Aggies, a nickname derived from the universitys agricultural beginnings. The mascot is known as Pistol Pete, NMSUs colors are crimson and white. The Aggies compete in the Western Athletic Conference in all mens and womens sports except football, the athletic director is Mario Moccia, who has held the position since January 2015. New Mexico State sponsors six mens and eleven teams in NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes The Aggies nickname derives from the universitys agricultural roots. NMSUs womens teams became the Aggies at the start of the 2000–2001 academic year. For many years, NMSUs athletics logo was a caricature of gunfighter Frank Pistol Pete Eaton which is identical to the used by Oklahoma State. A block NM STATE logo was introduced in the late 1990s as a logo that could be used for both the Aggie and Roadrunner athletic programs. In addition to the new logo, the costumed mascot seen at games was given a new look, losing his six shooters. The disarming of Pete led to an uproar among students, alumni. Popular T-shirts worn around campus featured the old Pistol Pete logo modified to show an oversized gun in his hand, the most popular nickname given to the widely unpopular new mascot was Lasso Larry. The Pistol Pete name was also restored, in 2007, NMSU modified the Lasso Larry logo to remove the lasso and once again depict Pistol Pete carrying pistols, and this is now the official athletics logo. The winner of the NMSU-UTEP football game receives the Silver Spade trophy, NMSU Basketball has seen much success throughout the years, highlighted by an NCAA Final Four appearance in 1970. The Aggies basketball program has seen 19 NCAA Tournament appearances,5 NIT Tournament appearances and 16 conference championships, the Aggies have won the WAC four years straight, and have made the NCAA tournament in five of the last six years. The current head coach is Paul Weir, the Aggies won the Sun Bowl in 1959 and 1960 under coach Warren B. Woodson and continued to do well until he was let go in 1967, since then the Aggies have had only 4 winning seasons and 2 conference championships in 1976 and 1978. The 1976 championship was shared with Tulsa, NMSU usually plays two big rivalry games each year with non-conference opponents New Mexico and UTEP. UTEP is located just 45 miles to the south on I-10 and this rivalry is often referred to as The Battle of I-10. UNM is less than 250 miles to the north on I-25, New Mexico States first baseball team was fielded in 1907
10.
Battle of I-10
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The Battle of I-10 is a college rivalry between The University of Texas at El Paso and New Mexico State University. It is called the Battle of I-10 because the two universities are located along Interstate 10 connecting El Paso and Las Cruces, the 101-year-old series between the UTEP Miners and the NMSU Aggies has had many exciting finishes in its storied history. Although UTEP holds the lead at 56–35–2, largely due to dominance in the series from the 1920s to the 1960s. The winner of the annual matchup receives a pair of traveling trophies, the older of the two is known as the Silver Spade. It is a replica of an old prospectors shovel found in a mine in the Organ Mountains near Las Cruces and has been traded between the schools since 1955. A second trophy, officially titled the Mayors Cup but commonly nicknamed the Brass Spittoon, was added in 1982, due to the close proximity of the campuses it was natural for a rivalry to develop. The blowout marked the beginning of a three game winning streak for UTEP in the rivalry, the tide of the series then seemingly turned back in the Aggies favor, as NMSU defeated UTEP the next two years, their first back-to-back wins over UTEP since 1994 and 1995. The Aggies edged the Miners 34–33 on September 20,2008 at the Sun Bowl for their first win in El Paso since 1994, from 1920 to 1951 UTEP hosted 22 of 28 games. Before 1927 NMSU dominated the first 10 games with a record of 8–1–1, from 1927 to 1967 UTEP dominated the series with a record of 29–7–1. NMSUs back-to-back victories in 1960–1961 were its first since 1937–1938, as of 2011, UTEP has won on the road 17 times, while NMSU has won on the road 16 times. There have been 2 ties in the series, once in El Paso in 1925, UTEP has played host to 52 games in the series. UTEP has won the game 52 times, NMSU has played host to 37 games in the series. NMSU has won the game 35 times, the September 26,1998 game at Aggie Memorial Stadium set the all-time attendance record for any football game at the stadium with 32,993 in attendance. The September 25,1999 game at Sun Bowl Stadium set a new record for that stadium with 52,247 which surpasses all Sun Bowl games. However, since then 2 regular season UTEP games have surpassed that attendance, the two most lopsided victories in the rivalry occurred in 1922 and 1948. Both schools are listed under their modern abbreviations for all games, the NMSU and UTEP mens basketball programs share remarkably similar histories and have played an extremely competitive series of games against one another. UTEP won the 1966 national title while NMSU advanced to the 1970 national semifinal before falling to UCLA, both programs returned to national prominence in the early 1990s with the Aggies and Miners both advancing to the NCAA Tournaments Sweet Sixteen in 1992. NMSU has appeared in the NCAA Tournament 18 times to UTEPs 17 appearances, most recently, both schools won conference titles and advanced to the NCAA tournament in 2010
11.
Sun Bowl
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The Sun Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game that is usually played at the end of December in El Paso, Texas. The Sun Bowl, along with the Sugar Bowl and the Orange Bowl, are the second-oldest bowl games in the country, behind the Rose Bowl. Games are currently played at Sun Bowl Stadium on the campus of the University of Texas at El Paso, and since 2014 have featured teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. The first game was played on New Years Day of 1935, in most of its early history, the game pitted the champion of the Border Conference against an at-large opponent. The first three were played at El Paso High School stadium, then switched to Kidd Field until the present stadium was ready in 1963. In advance of the 1949 game, Lafayette College turned down an invitation from the Sun Bowl Committee and this bid rejection led to a large student demonstration on the Lafayette campus and in the city of Easton, Pennsylvania against segregation. Due to a winter storm before the 1974 game, followed by warming temperatures as the sun created a rising steam from the field during the first half. The 1992 game was the final head-coaching appearance of 2001 College Football Hall of Fame inductee Grant Teaff of Baylor University, the 1994 game was voted the greatest Sun Bowl ever played, and included four touchdowns by Priest Holmes, as Texas defeated North Carolina. The 2005 Sun Bowl set the record for most points scored, when UCLA defeated Northwestern by a score of 50–38. Since the NCAA started the use of overtime in Division I bowl games in 1995, hyundai later signed a six-year extension, and will sponsor the game through 2019. The Orange Bowl has the ACC champion or the first selection, on the Pac-12 side, the Sun Bowl has the fourth selection, following the College Football Playoff. Two players have been two-time MVPs – Charley Johnson and Billy Stevens, only teams with at least three appearances are listed. The Sun Bowls contract with CBS Sports is the longest continuous relationship between a game and one TV network, spanning since 1968 and running through at least 2019. It is one of two college football games on CBS that does not involve the Southeastern Conference. Although every other year, CBS broadcasts the Notre Dame–Navy game when the latter is playing as the home team, as of 2015, the game is one of only three bowls that is not being carried by the ESPN family of networks. The Cure Bowl is also under contract with CBS Sports and airs on CBS Sports Network, the game traditionally kicks off at High Noon MST, or 2 p. m. EST. Helen of Troy has also sponsored the show, which has recently featured such artists as Los Lonely Boys, The Village People, Baby Bash, David Archuleta, Rihanna. List of college bowl games Official website
