1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
2.
Las Cruces, New Mexico
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Las Cruces, also known as The City of the Crosses, is the seat of Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 97,618, Las Cruces is the largest city in both Doña Ana County and southern New Mexico. The Las Cruces metropolitan area had an population of 213,676 in 2014. It is the city of a metropolitan statistical area which encompasses all of Doña Ana County and is part of the larger El Paso–Las Cruces combined statistical area. Las Cruces is the economic and geographic center of the Mesilla Valley, Las Cruces is the home of New Mexico State University, New Mexicos only land-grant university. The citys major employer is the government on nearby White Sands Test Facility. The Organ Mountains,10 miles to the east, are dominant in the landscape, along with the Doña Ana Mountains, Robledo Mountains. Las Cruces lies 225 miles south of Albuquerque,48 miles northwest of El Paso, spaceport America, which lies 55 miles to the north and with corporate offices in Las Cruces, has seen the completion of several successful manned, suborbital flights. The city is also the headquarters for Virgin Galactic, the worlds first company to offer sub-orbital spaceflights, the area where Las Cruces rose was previously inhabited by the Manso people, with the Mescalero Apache living nearby. The area remained under New Spains control until September 28,1821, the area was also claimed by the Republic of Texas during this time until the end of the Mexican–American War in 1846–48. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 established the United States as owner of this territory, Mesilla became the leading settlement of the area, with more than 2,000 residents in 1860, more than twice what Las Cruces had. The first train reached Las Cruces in 1881, Las Cruces was not affected as strongly by the train as some other villages, as it was not a terminus or a crossroads, but the population did grow to 2,300 in the 1880s. Las Cruces was incorporated as a town in 1907, pat Garrett is best known for his involvement in the Lincoln County War, but he also worked in Las Cruces on a famous case, the disappearance of Albert Jennings Fountain in 1896. Growth of Las Cruces has been attributed to the university, government jobs, New Mexico State University was founded in 1888, and it has grown as Las Cruces has grown. The establishment of White Sands Missile Range in 1944 and White Sands Test Facility in 1963 has been integral to population growth, Las Cruces is the nearest city to each, and they provide Las Cruces work force many high-paying, stable, government jobs. In recent years, the influx of retirees from out of state has also increased Las Cruces population, in the 1960s Las Cruces undertook a large urban renewal project, intended to convert the old downtown into a modern city center. As part of this, St. Genevieves Catholic Church, built in 1859, was razed to make way for a pedestrian mall. The original covered walkways are now being removed in favor of a traditional main street thoroughfare
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
New Mexico State University
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New Mexico State University, is a major public, land-grant, research university in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States. Founded in 1888, it is the oldest public institution of education in the state of New Mexico. It was founded to teach agriculture in 1888 as the Las Cruces College, and it received its present name in 1960. NMSU has 18,497 students enrolled as of Fall 2009, NMSU offers a wide range of programs and awards associate, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees through its main campus and four community colleges. NMSU is the only research-extensive, land-grant, U. S. -Mexico border institution classified by the government as serving Hispanics. In 1888 Hiram Hadley, an Earlham College-educated teacher from Indiana, one decade later, the Territorial Assembly of New Mexico provided for the establishment of an agricultural college and agricultural experiment station with Bill No. 28, the Rodey Act of 1889, designated as the land-grant college for New Mexico under the Morrill Act, it was named the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Las Cruces College then merged with the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts and it began with 35 students and 6 faculty members. The college was supposed to graduate its first student in 1893, classes met in the two-room adobe building of Las Cruces College until new buildings were erected on the 220-acre campus three miles south of Las Cruces. In February 1891, McFie Hall, popularly known as Old Main, McFie Hall burned down in 1910, but its remains can be seen in the center of Pride Field on the University Horseshoe. In 1960, in move to better represent its operations, New Mexico A&M was renamed New Mexico State University by a constitutional amendment. New Mexico State University now has a 6, 000-acre campus, full-time faculty members number 694, with a staff of 3,113. The university has an international student population from in Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia. The main campus of New Mexico State University occupies 900 acres in the city of Las Cruces and it is located adjacent to Interstate 25, surrounded by desert landscape and greenhouses. The main campus is bordered by Interstate 10, which is the main east-west interstate highway across the southern part of the United States. To the east of Interstate 25, the facilities consist of the Presidents residence, NMSU Golf Course, the A Mountain west slope. About six miles south of campus on 203 acres of land is the Leyendecker Plant Science Research Center, the Las Cruces campus is home to a nesting population of Swainsons hawks, a raptor species currently protected by federal law. The hawks are known for attacking pedestrians randomly, pedestrians are advised to be careful when walking on Stewart Street, as signs have been posted all across
5.
Golf course
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A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played. It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards. A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes, most courses contain 18 holes, some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round. Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes, many older courses are links, often coastal. Courses are private, public, and municipally owned, and typically feature a pro shop, many private courses are found at country clubs. Although a specialty within landscape design or landscape architecture, golf course architecture is considered a field of study. While golf courses often follow the landscape, some modification is unavoidable. This is increasingly the case as new courses are likely to be sited on less optimal land. Bunkers and sand traps are almost always artificial, although other hazards may be natural, the layout of a fairway follows certain traditional principles, such as the number of holes, their par values, and the number of holes of each par value per course. It is also preferable to arrange greens to be close to the tee box of the next hole, to minimize travel distance while playing a round. Combined with the need to all the fairways within what is frequently a compact square or rectangular plot of land. In complex areas, two holes may share the same tee box, fairway, or even green and it is also common for separate tee-off points to be positioned for men, women, and amateurs, each one respectively lying closer to the green. Eighteen-hole courses are traditionally broken down into a front 9 and a back 9. On older courses, the holes may be out in one long loop, beginning and ending at the clubhouse, and thus the front 9 is referred to on the scorecard as out. More recent courses tend to be designed with the front 9, a successful design is as visually pleasing as it is playable. Most golf courses have only par-3, -4, and -5 holes, typical distances for the various holes from standard tees are as follows. Terrain can also be a factor, so that a long downhill hole might be rated par 4 and this compensates for the generally longer distance pro players can put on tee and fairway shots as compared to the average bogey golfer. The game of golf is played in what is called a round and this consists of playing a set number of holes in an order predetermined by the course
6.
Par (score)
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In golf, par is the predetermined number of strokes that a scratch golfer should require to complete a hole, a round, or a tournament. Pars are the component of stroke play, the most common kind of play in professional golf tournaments. The term is used in golf-like sports such as disc golf. The length of each hole from the tee placement to the pin mostly determines par values for each hole, almost invariably, holes are assigned par values between three and five strokes. For a casual player from the middle tees, a hole will be 100–250 yards from the tee to the pin. Par-five holes are typically 470–600 yards, but in the modern game holes of over 600 yards are becoming common in championship play. Other relevant factors in setting the par for the hole include the terrain, some golf courses feature par-sixes and, very rarely, par-sevens, but the latter are not recognised by the United States Golf Association. Typical championship golf courses have par values of 72, comprising four par-threes, ten par-fours, championship course par can be as high as 73 to as low as 69. Most 18-hole courses not designed for championships have a par close to 72, Courses with par above 73 are rare. Courses built on small parcels of land will often be designed as Par-3 Courses in which every hole is a par-three. A golfers score is compared with the par score, if a course has a par of 72 and a golfer takes 75 strokes to complete the course, the reported score is +3, or three-over-par and takes three shots more than par to complete the course. If a golfer takes 70 strokes, the score is –2. Tournament scores are reported by totalling scores relative to par in each round, if each of the four rounds has a par of 72, the tournament par would be 288. For example, a golfer could record a 70 in the first round, a 72 in the round, a 73 in the third round. That would give a tournament score of 284, or four-under-par, scores on each hole are reported in the same way that course scores are given. Names are commonly given to scores on holes relative to par, Bogey means one shot more than par. Going round in bogey originally meant an overall par score, starting at the Great Yarmouth Golf Club in 1890, and based on the phrase bogey man, nationally, players competed against Colonel Bogey, and this gave the title to a 1914 marching tune, Colonel Bogey March. As golf became more standardised in the United States, par scores were tightened and recreational golfers found themselves scoring over par, bogeys are relatively common, even in professional play
7.
Professional Golfers' Association of America
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The Professional Golfers Association of America is an American organization of golf professionals. Founded in 1916 and headquartered in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, the PGA of America’s undertaking is to establish and elevate the standards of the profession and to grow interest and participation in the game of golf. The origins of the PGA may be traced to Charles Campbell Worthington and he built the Buckwood Inn, an exclusive resort near Shawnee on Delaware, Pennsylvania, with an eighteen-hole golf course designed by A. W. Tillinghast and completed around 1910. In 1912 Worthington invited a group of golfers to compete on his course. In February 1916 the Professional Golfers Association was established in New York City, one month earlier, the wealthy department store owner Rodman Wanamaker hosted a luncheon at the Wykagyl Country Club in New Rochelle. This gathering of Wanamaker and the leading golf professionals of the day prepared the agenda for the organization of the PGA in New York City a month later. The organizations first president was Robert White, one of Wykagyls best known golf professionals of the time, Golf historians have dubbed Wykagyl The Cradle of the PGA. White is also notable for designing the Ocean Forest Country Club at Myrtle Beach, on April 10,1916, The PGA of America was created via the 35 charter members signing the constitution and bylaws. The first PGA Championship was held October 1916 and won by Jim Barnes, in November 1961, the PGA of America dropped its caucasian only clause by amending its constitution. The 1962 PGA Championship was scheduled for Brentwood Country Club in Los Angeles, with an increase of revenue in the late 1960s due to expanded television coverage, a dispute arose between the touring professionals and the PGA of America on how to distribute the windfall. The tour players wanted larger purses, where the PGA desired the money to go to the fund to help grow the game at the local level. Following the final major in July 1968 at the PGA Championship, several leading tour pros voiced their dissatisfaction with the venue, the increased friction resulted in a new entity in August, what would eventually become the PGA Tour. Tournament players formed their own organization, American Professional Golfers, Inc. independent of the PGA of America, the board consisted of four tour players, three PGA of America executives, and three outside members, initially business executives. It hired its own commissioner and was renamed the PGA Tour in the mid-1970s, in October 2014, PGA president Ted Bishop responded to Ian Poulters criticism of the Ryder Cup captaincy of Nick Faldo and Tom Watson by calling Poulter a lil girl, which led to Bishops firing. The PGA called Bishops statements unacceptable and insensitive gender-based, the PGA enhances the skills of its 28,000 men and women professionals and provide opportunities for amateurs, employers, manufacturers, employees, and the general public. The PGA elevates the standards of the professional golfers vocation, enhance the economic well-being of the individual member, and stimulates interest in the game of golf. These men and women have the option to pursue the PGA education through self-study, by the use of accredited PGA Golf Management Universities, the PGA conducts major events including the PGA Championship, the Womens PGA Championship, and the Senior PGA Championship. The PGA conducts more than 30 tournaments for its members and apprentices, including the PGA Professional National Championship and it also co-organizes the biennial Ryder Cup and PGA Cup
8.
New Mexico State Aggies
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New Mexico State Universitys teams are called the Aggies, a nickname derived from the universitys agricultural beginnings. The mascot is known as Pistol Pete, NMSUs colors are crimson and white. The Aggies compete in the Western Athletic Conference in all mens and womens sports except football, the athletic director is Mario Moccia, who has held the position since January 2015. New Mexico State sponsors six mens and eleven teams in NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes The Aggies nickname derives from the universitys agricultural roots. NMSUs womens teams became the Aggies at the start of the 2000–2001 academic year. For many years, NMSUs athletics logo was a caricature of gunfighter Frank Pistol Pete Eaton which is identical to the used by Oklahoma State. A block NM STATE logo was introduced in the late 1990s as a logo that could be used for both the Aggie and Roadrunner athletic programs. In addition to the new logo, the costumed mascot seen at games was given a new look, losing his six shooters. The disarming of Pete led to an uproar among students, alumni. Popular T-shirts worn around campus featured the old Pistol Pete logo modified to show an oversized gun in his hand, the most popular nickname given to the widely unpopular new mascot was Lasso Larry. The Pistol Pete name was also restored, in 2007, NMSU modified the Lasso Larry logo to remove the lasso and once again depict Pistol Pete carrying pistols, and this is now the official athletics logo. The winner of the NMSU-UTEP football game receives the Silver Spade trophy, NMSU Basketball has seen much success throughout the years, highlighted by an NCAA Final Four appearance in 1970. The Aggies basketball program has seen 19 NCAA Tournament appearances,5 NIT Tournament appearances and 16 conference championships, the Aggies have won the WAC four years straight, and have made the NCAA tournament in five of the last six years. The current head coach is Paul Weir, the Aggies won the Sun Bowl in 1959 and 1960 under coach Warren B. Woodson and continued to do well until he was let go in 1967, since then the Aggies have had only 4 winning seasons and 2 conference championships in 1976 and 1978. The 1976 championship was shared with Tulsa, NMSU usually plays two big rivalry games each year with non-conference opponents New Mexico and UTEP. UTEP is located just 45 miles to the south on I-10 and this rivalry is often referred to as The Battle of I-10. UNM is less than 250 miles to the north on I-25, New Mexico States first baseball team was fielded in 1907
9.
New Mexico State Aggies football
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On September 12,2012, New Mexico State announced that it would stay in the Football Bowl Subdivision and become an independent. Despite some impressive single game wins and individual player stats, the Aggies have struggled as a team on the field, as of 2015, the team had not appeared in a bowl game since 1960. This is the longest period of any FBS team without a bowl appearance, one of New Mexico States earliest football games was the first match-up against in-state rival New Mexico on January 1,1894. From 1914- to 1916, Clarence Russell served as football coach of the Aggies. Dutch Bergman served as coach from 1920 to 1922, compiling a record of 12–1–5. R. R. Brown served as the football coach of the Aggies from 1923 to 1925. He led the 1923 team to an undefeated 9–0 record, including victories over Hardin–Simmons, and rival teams New Mexico, jerry Hines began coaching the Aggies in 1929, and was also coach of the mens basketball team. Hines’ teams competed well in the new Border Conference, between 1934 and 1938, the football record was 31–10–6, and the team was invited to the first Sun Bowl in 1936 where they tied the powerful Hardin-Simmons Cowboys 14–14. Hines coaching career ended with his induction into service during World War II. Julius Johnston took over the Aggies football team after Hines resignation, in his absence, assistant coach Maurice Moulder led the team. The Aggies did not field a team from 1944 to 1945 because of the events surrounding World War II. From 1946 to 1947, Ray Curfman was the coach of the Aggies. Curfmans Aggies compiled an 8–11 record and he resigned in December 1947 to work in the sporting goods industry in Texas. From 1948 to 1957, NMSU compiled a dismal 21–74 record under four coaches that were either fired or forced to resign in succession. Fan support and attendance declined, recruiting was becoming more difficult and alumni and this would be a sign of things to come for the Aggie football program. Future College Football Hall of Fame inductee Warren B, Woodson took over as head coach in 1958. He previously had success at the Conway Teachers College and Hardin-Simmons, in his second season at New Mexico State, Woodsons team defeated North Texas in the 1959 Sun Bowl. The following year, Woodson guided the Aggies to an 11–0 finish and that year, New Mexico State defeated Utah State, 20–13, in the 1960 Sun Bowl and attained a final AP Poll ranking of 17th
10.
Aggie Memorial Stadium
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Aggie Memorial Stadium is an outdoor football stadium on the campus of New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The stadium is the field of the New Mexico State Aggies of the Sun Belt Conference. The venue opened in September 1978 and the current seating capacity is 30,343, the natural grass playing field sits at an elevation of 3,980 feet above sea level. NM State Aggies womens soccer play at Aggie Memorial Stadium. Prior to 1978, the Aggies had played on the site since 1933. Located just to the northeast of Hadley Hall, and originally known as Quesenberry Field, Memorial Stadium, which served for 28 seasons, was replaced both due to its small size and the want of an expanded athletics plant with more infrastructure and parking. The new Aggie Memorial Stadium, dedicated to alumni who had served in the Korean War and it was funded by the state legislature as part of a capital project on the campus. The first home game saw the Aggies defeat rival UTEP 35–32 on September 16,1978,20 years later, the Aggies and Miners played to the largest crowd in stadium history, with 32,993 in attendance to see the Aggies win again, 33–24. The stadium, designed by alumnus Craig Protz of Bohering-Protz Associates, was built just to the south of the Pan American Center, the first level of seating wraps around the field, except for two 100-foot wide gaps behind each end zone. The northern end leads to the locker facilities and main entrance to the stadium. Because of these gaps it was impossible to access the east side of the stadium from the west. A bridge over the north ramp constructed prior to the 2006 season now allows fans to cross one side of the stadium to the other. The seating extends to a second level on either side of the field. In addition to football, the stadium hosts major concerts. Artists that have performed at the stadium include Metallica, Guns N Roses, Faith No More, The Eagles, Vans Warped Tour & Paul McCartney, among others. Metallica and Guns N Roses brought the Guns N Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour to the stadium on August 27,1992, also, Mayfield High School and Las Cruces High School play against each other in the stadium every year in November. NM State Sports. com – Aggie Memorial Stadium
11.
New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball
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The New Mexico State Aggies mens basketball team represents New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States. Founded in 1904, the Aggies currently compete in the Western Athletic Conference, the Aggies hold the distinction of being one of 34 college basketball teams with multiple NBA retired jerseys from former players and a team that reached the NCAA Final Four. The team plays games in the Pan American Center. The Aggies are currently coached by Paul Weir, a Lou Henson-coached team gained national attention during the 1970 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament by advancing to the Final Four. And in 1992 a Neil McCarthy-coached team advanced to the Sweet Sixteen, Aggie Basketball has seen 22 NCAA Tournament appearances,5 NIT Tournament appearances,15 regular season conference championships, and 9 conference tournament championships. NMSU Basketball has seen success throughout the years, reaching the NCAA Final Four in 1970. Their two most successful coaches were Lou Henson and Neil McCarthy, jerry Hines was one of the most exceptional Aggies. He was an outstanding athlete, the head basketball and head football coach. During the later 1930s, the Aggie football team was 31–10–6, the Aggie basketball team went to several postseason tournaments during this time, including the 1938 NAIA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament, and the 1939 NIT tournament in New York City. The Hines era ended at the onset of World War II when he was called to duty in September 1940 as a member of a New Mexico National Guard unit assigned to the 45 Infantry Division, Hines did return for one more Aggie basketball season in 1946–47. Lou Henson played for the Aggies in the 1950s, coached at Las Cruces High School and his tenure was the most successful in Aggie history. His 1970 team reached the NCAA Tournament Final Four, losing to a John Wooden-coached and eventual champion, Henson led the Aggies to the NCAA tournament in six of his nine years. He left in 1975 for a successful 21-year run at Illinois, Neil McCarthy came to Las Cruces in 1985 following a successful 10-year run at Weber State. He had built Weber State into a power, and was equally successful at New Mexico State. For most of McCarthys tenure, the Aggies were the second-best team in the Big West, after the Rebels hit the skids in the early 1990s, McCarthy led the Aggies to four straight regular season and tournament titles, including the 1992 Sweet Sixteen run. Without those courses, the players would not have been eligible, the McCarthy era came to a sudden and abrupt end just weeks before the 1997–98 season when new athletic director Jim Paul stripped him of coaching duties, citing the teams poor academic performance. Only nine of McCarthys players had graduated in 12 years, including one in the last four. Henson was lured from retirement to coach the team on a basis for the 1997-98 season after McCarthys ouster
12.
New Mexico State Aggies women's basketball
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The New Mexico State Aggies womens basketball team represents New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States. They are a member of the Western Athletic Conference, New Mexico State began play in 1973. They lost in the tournament championship game in 2006,2007. The Aggies have won regular season titles in 1987,1988,1995,2003,2015 and they made the WNIT in 1994 and 2010. They have lost in the first game of all four NCAA Tournaments they have played in, as of the end of the 2015-16 season, they have an all-time record of 662-572
13.
Pan American Center
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Pan American Center is a multi-purpose arena in Las Cruces, New Mexico, located on the campus of New Mexico State University. The arena has a current seating capacity of 12,482 people, the arena serves as home of the New Mexico State Aggies Mens and Womens Basketball and Womens Volleyball teams. The arena hosted the 2007 and 2008 Western Athletic Conference Mens and Womens Basketball Tournaments, by the late 1950s the need for a new and larger on-campus arena at what was then New Mexico A&M had become evident. As the school and its athletic programs grew, tiny and antiquated Williams Gymnasium, built in 1938 had become woefully inadequate. After Las Cruces High School opened a new campus less than one mile from A&Ms campus in 1957, construction of the arena cost $3.5 million, and the building was inaugurated on November 30,1968 with a 95-89 victory over Colorado State. The facilitys name was suggested by former NMSU vice president Paul Rader for its location just off Interstate 25, throughout its history the Pan Am has featured a distinctive parquet-style playing floor, making it one of only a handful of NCAA venues to feature a parquet floor. The original floor was installed in 1968 and served until being damaged in a flood inside the arena in 1986, following the flood a new floor was acquired and installed during the 1986-87 season. This floor served through the end of the 2011 volleyball season, a new parquet floor, the arenas third, was dedicated prior to the 2011-12 mens basketball regular season home opener against UTEP on November 19,2011. The court is named in honor of former head coach Lou Henson. The universitys investment paid dividends, as the Aggies won their first ten games in the new building before falling to archrival New Mexico on January 29. The Aggies wouldnt lose again on the Pan Ams parquet floor until dropping the 1971-72 season opener to Angelo State, during the Pan Ams first three seasons NMSU compiled a gaudy 44-1 record within its friendly confines. The Aggies qualified for their third consecutive NCAA Tournament in the inaugural year. Three days later the Aggies bounced back to defeat St. Bonaventure in the now-defunct Consolation game to finish the third in the nation. To date the Aggies have compiled four undefeated seasons at home, nMSUs womens basketball team has also compiled a pair of undefeated home seasons in the building. The Pan Am has seen home winning streaks of more than 25 games on three separate occasions - twice by the basketball team and once by the womens basketball team. During the Aggies run of success in the early 1990s the Pan Am became known as one of the toughest venues in the nation for visiting teams, the often-raucous crowds led Dick Vitale to nickname the building the Pandemonium Center and refer to the student section as the Panamaniacs. Vitale named the building the Big West Conferences toughest venue in the 1998 and 1999 editions of Dick Vitales College Basketball Preview, in 2005, the New Mexico State Legislature approved funding for a $23 million renovation of the Pan American Center. Included in the renovation was the construction of a new annex at the south end housing new locker room facilities, athletic and special events offices
14.
New Mexico State Aggies baseball
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The team is a member of the Western Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Associations Division I. New Mexico States first baseball team was fielded in 1907, the team plays its home games at Presley Askew Field in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The Aggies are coached by Brian Green, New Mexico State has had 59 Major League Baseball Draft selections since the draft began in 1965. List of NCAA Division I baseball programs Official website
15.
Rio Grande Rivalry
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The Rio Grande Rivalry is an intercollegiate rivalry between The University of New Mexico and New Mexico State University. In comparison, New Mexico was a United States Territory from Sept 1850 to January 1912, when it became a member of the United States of America and the Union. For many years the rivalry was referred to as the Battle of I-25 in recognition of the campuses both being located along that interstate highway. The mens basketball series between the schools has been more competitive football, although UNM holds the all-time advantage in that series as well. Currently the Lobos hold a 121–97 advantage all-time over the Aggies, the most recent meeting in the series was a 84-71 Aggies victory at the Pan American Center in Las Cruces on December 10,2016, the second of two meetings for the 2016–17 season. The December 19,2007 contest was the 200th all-time meeting between the schools, the UNM–NMSU series is somewhat unusual among non-conference rivalries in that the schools traditionally play a two-game home-and-home series each season. Most other rivalries in which the schools are not members of the same conference usually only once per season. The womens basketball series between UNM and NMSU has been defined by extended streaks of dominance by one program over the other. Prior to the mid-1990s the Roadrunners were dominant, winning the first meeting by a 57–53 tally on February 1,1974, between 1985 and 1995 NMSU ran off a streak of 16 consecutive wins over their in-state rivals. This stretch also covered a period in which UNM did not field a womens basketball team. However on November 24,1996 UNM turned the tables on NMSU in a big way, the Lobos 48–47 win on that day in Las Cruces started a 22-game winning streak by UNM over NMSU that continued unbroken, despite a few close calls, through the 2006–07 season. But on December 2,2007 the Lady Aggies ended 11 years of frustration against their rivals by knocking off the Lady Lobos 58–42 at the Pan Am Center. The all-time series now stands at 47–22 in favor of UNM, after the Lady Lobos beat NMSU 65–60 on December 30,2010, like the mens teams, the UNM and NMSU women also traditionally play two games per year against each other, one game in each city. The Rio Grande Rivalry is a series between New Mexico and New Mexico State, =while the competition is still ongoing, the University of New Mexico has an insurmountable lead, thus winning the 2012–2013 Rio Grande Rivalry
16.
Battle of I-10
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The Battle of I-10 is a college rivalry between The University of Texas at El Paso and New Mexico State University. It is called the Battle of I-10 because the two universities are located along Interstate 10 connecting El Paso and Las Cruces, the 101-year-old series between the UTEP Miners and the NMSU Aggies has had many exciting finishes in its storied history. Although UTEP holds the lead at 56–35–2, largely due to dominance in the series from the 1920s to the 1960s. The winner of the annual matchup receives a pair of traveling trophies, the older of the two is known as the Silver Spade. It is a replica of an old prospectors shovel found in a mine in the Organ Mountains near Las Cruces and has been traded between the schools since 1955. A second trophy, officially titled the Mayors Cup but commonly nicknamed the Brass Spittoon, was added in 1982, due to the close proximity of the campuses it was natural for a rivalry to develop. The blowout marked the beginning of a three game winning streak for UTEP in the rivalry, the tide of the series then seemingly turned back in the Aggies favor, as NMSU defeated UTEP the next two years, their first back-to-back wins over UTEP since 1994 and 1995. The Aggies edged the Miners 34–33 on September 20,2008 at the Sun Bowl for their first win in El Paso since 1994, from 1920 to 1951 UTEP hosted 22 of 28 games. Before 1927 NMSU dominated the first 10 games with a record of 8–1–1, from 1927 to 1967 UTEP dominated the series with a record of 29–7–1. NMSUs back-to-back victories in 1960–1961 were its first since 1937–1938, as of 2011, UTEP has won on the road 17 times, while NMSU has won on the road 16 times. There have been 2 ties in the series, once in El Paso in 1925, UTEP has played host to 52 games in the series. UTEP has won the game 52 times, NMSU has played host to 37 games in the series. NMSU has won the game 35 times, the September 26,1998 game at Aggie Memorial Stadium set the all-time attendance record for any football game at the stadium with 32,993 in attendance. The September 25,1999 game at Sun Bowl Stadium set a new record for that stadium with 52,247 which surpasses all Sun Bowl games. However, since then 2 regular season UTEP games have surpassed that attendance, the two most lopsided victories in the rivalry occurred in 1922 and 1948. Both schools are listed under their modern abbreviations for all games, the NMSU and UTEP mens basketball programs share remarkably similar histories and have played an extremely competitive series of games against one another. UTEP won the 1966 national title while NMSU advanced to the 1970 national semifinal before falling to UCLA, both programs returned to national prominence in the early 1990s with the Aggies and Miners both advancing to the NCAA Tournaments Sweet Sixteen in 1992. NMSU has appeared in the NCAA Tournament 18 times to UTEPs 17 appearances, most recently, both schools won conference titles and advanced to the NCAA tournament in 2010
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Western Athletic Conference
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The Western Athletic Conference is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27,1962 and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000, the WAC then added mens soccer and became one of the NCAAs eleven Division I non-football conferences. The following institutions are the members of the WAC for the 2016–17 academic year. Notes With the elimination of football as a WAC-sponsored sport, New Mexico States football program has joined the Sun Belt as an associate member, in July 2015, UTPA merged with the University of Texas at Brownsville to create the new University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. The University of Texas System stated in July 2014 that the UTPA athletics program will be converted into the program at UTRGV. On November 5,2014, UTRGVs new nickname of Vaqueros was announced, the founding date for UTRGV listed in this table reflects that of Edinburg College, the institution that eventually became UTPA. According to U. S. News & World Report, RNP means a ranking was calculated, unranked means not enough information was provided to make a calculation. Chicago States continued membership is problematic, considering the schools current strained financial situation and the needs of the athletic program, in April 2016, the University Budget Committee recommended that the Athletic Department. Study the benefits of being Division I or another division, championships title totals are through Spring 2016. The following 11 schools field programs in the WAC for sports not sponsored by their primary conferences. Notes Four schools became members in mens soccer in July 2013, the WAC announced on January 9,2013 that it would reinstate the sport. Because the conference dropped football, it was necessary to add a new mens team sport to maintain its Division I status, three of these schools have past WAC connections—former full members Air Force, UNLV and San Jose State. After the WAC announced it would add mens soccer, the conference gained an eighth soccer school for the 2013 season when UMKC, which already sponsored the sport, joined. In addition, Utah Valley added the sport for 2014, UT-Pan American added it for 2015, and Chicago State is slated to add it for 2016. Four schools became members in mens swimming and diving in July 2013, the WAC announced on May 16,2013 that it would reinstate the sport. Northern Colorado joined the WAC for baseball for the 2014 season, north Dakota also joined the WAC for baseball in the 2014 season, but dropped the sport after the 2016 season. Sacramento State was formerly a member of the WAC in baseball from 1992–93 to 1995–96. Championships title totals are through Fall 2014, north Dakota will leave the WAC entirely in July 2017 after dropping its remaining WAC sports of mens and womens swimming & diving
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Sun Bowl
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The Sun Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game that is usually played at the end of December in El Paso, Texas. The Sun Bowl, along with the Sugar Bowl and the Orange Bowl, are the second-oldest bowl games in the country, behind the Rose Bowl. Games are currently played at Sun Bowl Stadium on the campus of the University of Texas at El Paso, and since 2014 have featured teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. The first game was played on New Years Day of 1935, in most of its early history, the game pitted the champion of the Border Conference against an at-large opponent. The first three were played at El Paso High School stadium, then switched to Kidd Field until the present stadium was ready in 1963. In advance of the 1949 game, Lafayette College turned down an invitation from the Sun Bowl Committee and this bid rejection led to a large student demonstration on the Lafayette campus and in the city of Easton, Pennsylvania against segregation. Due to a winter storm before the 1974 game, followed by warming temperatures as the sun created a rising steam from the field during the first half. The 1992 game was the final head-coaching appearance of 2001 College Football Hall of Fame inductee Grant Teaff of Baylor University, the 1994 game was voted the greatest Sun Bowl ever played, and included four touchdowns by Priest Holmes, as Texas defeated North Carolina. The 2005 Sun Bowl set the record for most points scored, when UCLA defeated Northwestern by a score of 50–38. Since the NCAA started the use of overtime in Division I bowl games in 1995, hyundai later signed a six-year extension, and will sponsor the game through 2019. The Orange Bowl has the ACC champion or the first selection, on the Pac-12 side, the Sun Bowl has the fourth selection, following the College Football Playoff. Two players have been two-time MVPs – Charley Johnson and Billy Stevens, only teams with at least three appearances are listed. The Sun Bowls contract with CBS Sports is the longest continuous relationship between a game and one TV network, spanning since 1968 and running through at least 2019. It is one of two college football games on CBS that does not involve the Southeastern Conference. Although every other year, CBS broadcasts the Notre Dame–Navy game when the latter is playing as the home team, as of 2015, the game is one of only three bowls that is not being carried by the ESPN family of networks. The Cure Bowl is also under contract with CBS Sports and airs on CBS Sports Network, the game traditionally kicks off at High Noon MST, or 2 p. m. EST. Helen of Troy has also sponsored the show, which has recently featured such artists as Los Lonely Boys, The Village People, Baby Bash, David Archuleta, Rihanna. List of college bowl games Official website
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New Mexico State University Alamogordo
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New Mexico State University Alamogordo is a two-year community college located in Alamogordo, New Mexico and is accredited by North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. It is a campus of New Mexico State University at Las Cruces. NMSU-A was established in 1958, and classes were held at night on the Alamogordo High School campus, the main purpose of the post-secondary educational venture was to serve the military and civilian personnel from Holloman Air Force Base, as well as students from the local nonmilitary population. The service area of the school includes HAFB, White Sands Missile Range, the Mescalero Apache Reservation, the community college offers certificate and associate degrees. The college has an articulation agreement with New Mexico State University in Las Cruces for NMSU-A students who plan to pursue bachelors degrees
20.
KRWG-TV
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KRWG-TV, virtual channel 22, is a PBS member television station located in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States. The station is owned by the Regents of New Mexico State University, KRWG-TV maintains studio facilities located at Milton Hall on McFie Circle in Las Cruces, and its transmitter is located atop Tortugas Mountain in central Dona Ana County. On cable, the station is available on Time Warner Cable channel 4, the stations signal is relayed on low-power analog translator stations across southwestern New Mexico. The KRWG call letters were first used by the radio station at 90.7 FM that signed on in 1964. The station produces a weeknight newscast, currently titled News22, which is one of the few student-produced broadcasts among the schools in the United States. News View 22 News22 The stations digital channel is multiplexed, KRWG-TV shut down its signal, over UHF channel 22. The stations digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 23, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the stations virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 22. KRWG-TV official website Query the FCCs TV station database for KRWG BIAfns Media Web Database -- Information on KRWG-TV
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KRUX
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KRUX is one of New Mexico State Universitys two radio stations, located in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States. Student-run and operated, it serves southern New Mexico an eclectic mix of musical genres, programming features over 20 different styles of music and news including live performances and interviews. KRUX was the first non-commercial educational FM station to go on the air in Las Cruces, each spring semester, the station puts on a week-long festival known as KRUXfest which features local music acts. KRUX official website Query the FCCs FM station database for KRUX Radio-Locator information on KRUX Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KRUX
22.
Garrey Carruthers
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Garrey Edward Carruthers is an American politician, academic, and former Governor of New Mexico who currently serves as president of New Mexico State University. He previously served as assistant to the U. S. He earned his bachelors and masters degrees from New Mexico State University, a Republican, he was elected the 27th Governor of New Mexico in 1986. A major focal point of the race was reinstating the death penalty and his term ended in 1991, he could not seek reelection, since at that time, New Mexico term limits did not allow governors to seek consecutive terms. Carruthers was replaced by former Democratic governor Bruce King, after leaving office, he was president and CEO of the Cimarron Health Plan from 1993 to 2003. In 2003, he was named dean of NMSUs College of Business and he helped establish NMSUs economic development operation, the Arrowhead Center, and served as the universitys vice president for economic development. He also helped found NMSUs Domenici Institute and serves as its director, in May 2013 he was elected president of NMSU by the Board of Regents in a 3-2 vote. Questioned by faculty at a meeting on his candidacy to become NMSU president in 2013. Its a scientific judgment that I cant make, concerns were also raised about his role in a tobacco industry lobby, The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition, which he chaired from 1993 to 1998. In a letter, four state representatives said that science, particularly climate change, is an issue for NMSU. They raised concerns about Carrutherss involvement in TASSC, the state representatives said TASSC had a clear history of industry involvement in staking out positions opposing now widely held beliefs regarding public health and the environment. In response, Carruthers expressed disagreement with the stance of TASSC on the risks of second-hand smoke, im four-square against second-hand smoke, Carruthers said in an interview with the Albuquerque Journal. I dont think people should smoke, and second-hand smoke is detrimental to other peoples health
23.
Apache Point Observatory
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The Apache Point Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in the Sacramento Mountains in Sunspot, New Mexico, United States, approximately 18 miles south of Cloudcroft. The observatory is operated by New Mexico State University and owned by the Astrophysical Research Consortium, access to the telescopes and buildings is restricted, but the public is able to visit the grounds. The ARC was formed in 1984 with the goal of building the 3.5 m telescope, five additional organizations have joined over time, the Institute for Advanced Study, Johns Hopkins University, University of Colorado, University of Virginia, and Georgia State University. Funding for the 3.5 m and 0.5 m telescopes comes from consortium, the 1.0 m telescope is supported exclusively by NMSU. The ARC3.5 m telescope is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector on a mount with instruments attached at several focal points. Construction of the began in 1985, but full operations of the telescope were delayed until November 1994 due to problems with fabricating the primary mirror. From 1991 until early 1993 the telescope was fitted with a 1.8 m mirror now located at Rothney Astrophysical Observatory under a cost-sharing agreement. There are a variety of optical and near-infrared instruments available for the 3.5 m telescope, including, the Double Imaging Spectrometer is a low-resolution optical spectrometer. The Near Infrared Camera/Fabry–Pérot Spectrometer was developed at the University of Colorado and it uses a 1024x1024 H1RG HgCdTe infrared detector and a near-infrared Fabry–Pérot interferometer. It has many narrow band filters, including H2, and and it is unique among astronomical Fabry-Pérot devices in that it is cooled with liquid nitrogen. The Seaver Prototype Imaging camera is an imaging instrument with a 2048x2048 pixel CCD. TripleSpec is a near infrared spectrograph which provides continuous coverage over the range 0. 94-2.46 µm at moderate resolution. The 3.5 m telescope is used by the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation lunar-ranging project. The APOLLO laser has been operational since October 2005, and routinely accomplishes millimeter-level range accuracy between the Earth and the Moon, observations using the 3.5 m telescope can be carried out remotely by observers using TUI, the Telescope User Interface, via the internet. The SDSS2.5 m telescope is used for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and it is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector on an alt-azimuth mount housed under a roll-off enclosure. It was designed with an unusually large 3° field of view to support its primary task of surveying the entire sky. The NMSU1.0 m telescope is a Ritchey-Chretien reflector set on an alt-azimuth mount, a 2048x2048 CCD mounted at the Nasmyth focus provides at 15.7 arcminute view of the sky. The ARC Small Aperture Telescope was previously called the Photometric Telescope when it was part of the SDSS project and it is a 0.5 m reflecting telescope on an equatorial mount, with a single CCD camera cooled by a CryoTiger unit
24.
Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility
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Customers of the CSBF include NASA centers, universities, and scientific groups from all over the world. CSBF has a mission, Provide maintenance, operations and logistics support for NASAs scientific balloon program. Provide sophisticated ground and flight systems for launch, control, data retrieval, commanding, perform research and development to advance the capabilities of NASAs suborbital programs. The Balloon Facility was established by Vincent E. Lally at NCAR in Boulder and it was moved to Palestine, Texas in 1963 and designated as the National Scientific Balloon Facility in January 1973. From October 1987 to January 2015, the CSBF was operated by the Physical Science Laboratory under the auspices of New Mexico State University located in Las Cruces, in February 2015, operation of the facility was transferred to the Technical Services Division of Orbital ATK. It is administered by Goddard Space Flight Centers Wallops Flight Facility Balloon Program Office and its Texas location put the NSBF in the middle of the area where the debris from the Space Shuttle Columbia dropped to Earth on February 1,2003. In February 2006, the NSBF was renamed the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in honor of the Crew of STS-107. CSBF conventional and long duration balloons are made of 20 micrometer thick film, and at float have a diameter of up to 140 meters. The balloons are filled with gas, can carry payloads up to 3600 kilograms, fly at altitudes of up to 42 kilometers. The balloons are zero pressure difference balloons, and are vented at the bottom and they are only partially inflated when launched, and as they rise up, the lower atmospheric pressure causes them to fully inflate. The bottom of the balloon is attached to a parachute, which is attached by steel suspension cables to the payload. A flight is terminated by firing an explosive squib which separates the parachute from the balloon, a rip line simultaneously tears open the top of the balloon. The balloon quickly deflates and falls to the ground, to be recovered and disposed of, the payload descends, suspended by the parachute, and is recovered by the ground crew. Conventional payloads typically have a float duration at altitude of 72+ hours, long Duration Ballooning payloads float at durations of 42+ days. Ultra long duration balloons are being developed which can operate at float for +100 days, the limiting factor is the diurnal cycle of the sun, rising and setting. Heat during the day causes the balloon to expand and gain altitude, heat loss at night causes the balloon to sink and contract. Ballast is carried to overcome the effect, flying in a polar region during full sunlight allows more negligible altitude variations. ULDB balloons are sealed to prevent helium loss, but further engineering is required to create a system that can survive the greater pressures involved
25.
International Environmental Design Contest
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The International Environmental Design Contest is a competition hosted by the WERC Consortium and the Institute for Energy & the Environment at New Mexico State University. It is an event in which student teams prepare written, oral, poster. The student solutions are judged by industry and academic professionals, for an explanation of the contest tasks, awards, and a listing of participating teams, see below. The International Environmental Design Contest has been held annually at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, the Design Contest occurs in April and draws college students from around the United States and the world to showcase engineering design solutions. It is hosted by New Mexico State Universitys WERC Consortium and Institute for Energy & the Environment, in the past, the contest has also held concurrent high school design contests. In response to design tasks posed by the organization, student teams prepare written, oral, poster. The design tasks are based on environmental challenges, focusing on technologies to tackle renewable energy innovation, sustainable building design. The design challenges usually relate to water and renewable energy, the challenges are developed with assistance from government agencies, industrial affiliates, and academic partners. These assisting entities also serve as judges for the final competition, students consider alternative solutions to a given “environmental challenge” from all aspects including technical, legal, health, socioeconomic and community related issues. Other considerations include regulatory guidelines, public opinion, and cost, winning solutions merit cash prizes and traveling trophies. For more information about awards and tasks, please see the Awards & Tasks sections below, the Contest is hosted by the Institute for Energy & the Environment at New Mexico State University. The contest is a sponsored event, Awards and Tasks for the event change from year to year, the number and type of tasks change annually. In 2003, there were as many as 14 tasks, the tasks are developed from input given by government agencies, industrial affiliates, academic partners to the Institute for Energy and the Environment. Develop an inland desalination operation and disposal system in rural, isolated communities to demonstrate a low-cost, convert a biomass resource to useful forms of energy and other products to demonstrate options using biogas or liquids. Cash prizes and traveling trophies are awarded at the Design Contest, individual awards are also distributed at the event. Awards include, Outstanding Award for best oral and paper presentation, the Terry McManus Award, the Intel Innovation award, the following is a listing of Design Contest Awards and their recipients at previous years competitions, More than 5000 students have participated in the contest since its beginning
26.
Petey (satellite)
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Petey is a satellite, part of Three Corner Satellite project. Designed and being built by mostly undergraduate students at the New Mexico State University as part of the Air Force Research Laboratorys University Nanosat Program and it is responsible for communication system in 3CS project. Satellite was not completed in time for launch of 3CS on December 21,2004 and later was donated to the National Air, Satellite carries name of New Mexico State Universitys mascot, Pistol Pete. Ralphie Sparkie Archived homepage of project
