Nick Adams was an American film and television actor and screenwriter. He was noted for his roles in several Hollywood films during the 1950s and 1960s along with his starring role in the ABC television series The Rebel. Decades after Adams' death from a prescription drug overdose at the age of 36, his publicized friendships with James Dean and Elvis Presley would stir speculation about both his private life and the circumstances of his death. In an AllMovie synopsis for Adams' last film, reviewer Dan Pavlides wrote, "Plagued by personal excesses, he will be remembered just as much for what he could have done in cinema as what he left behind." Adams was born in Nanticoke, Pennsylvania, to Catherine and Peter Adamshock, an anthracite coal miner. His parents were both of Ukrainian descent. In 1958, he told columnist Hedda Hopper, "We lived in those little company houses — they were terrible. We had to buy from the company store and were always in debt and could never leave."The family did leave when he was five years old after Adams' uncle was killed in a mining accident.

"My father piled all our belongings into an old jalopy, with our bedding on top", Adams recalled. "We didn't know. He started driving, ran out of gas and money in Jersey City, New Jersey at Audubon Park. A man started talking to us, a Mr. Cohn, he said to my father'You look like you need a job,' and my father said'I do'." Adams' father was given a job as janitor of an apartment building along with living quarters in the basement. They moved to Van Nostrand Avenue between Ocean Avenue and Rutgers Avenue, his mother worked for Western Electric in New Jersey. He was a successful athlete at Henry Snyder High School but failed to get a part in the school play when he was a senior. While still in high school Adams was offered a playing position in minor league baseball with the St. Louis Cardinals, but he turned it down because he was uninterested in the low pay, he worked as a bat boy for the Jersey City Giants, a local minor league team. Some sources recount. In 1948, while visiting New York, 17-year-old Adams wandered into an audition for Seán O'Casey's play The Silver Tassie and met Jack Palance.

When Palance, whose father was a Ukrainian coal miner from Northeastern Pennsylvania, asked why he wanted to act, Adams replied, "For the money." Palance introduced him to the director of The Silver Tassie as Nick Adams. After the director declined to hire him as an extra, Palance sent Adams to a nearby junior theater group where he got his first acting job playing the role of Muff Potter in Tom Sawyer. While trying to get a role in the play Mister Roberts, Adams had a brief encounter with Henry Fonda. who advised him to get some training as an actor. Adams' friends teased him about his acting ambitions. "Everybody thought I was crazy", he recalled. "My father said,'Nick, get a trade, be a barber or something.' I said,'But, Pop, I want to do something where I can make lots of money. You can't make lots of money with just a trade.'" After a year of unpaid acting in New York, Adams hitchiked to Los Angeles. Adams was an avid reader of fan magazines and came to believe he could meet agents and directors by being seen at the Warners Theater in Beverly Hills.

He got a job there as doorman and maintenance man, which included changing the notices on the theater marquee. He was fired. Adams' earliest reported paid acting job in Los Angeles was a stage role at the Las Palmas Theater in a comedy called Mr. Big Shot. Although he was paid about $60 a week, Adams had to pay $175 for membership in Actors' Equity Association, he earned $25 one night at the Mocambo nightclub, filling in for Pearl Bailey who had fallen ill. Eight years Hedda Hopper told Adams she recalled writing about him at the time. After three years of struggle and optimistic self-promotion, his first film role came in 1951, an uncredited one-liner as a Western Union delivery boy in George Seaton's Somebody Loves Me; this allowed him to join the Screen Actors Guild, but he was unable to find steady acting work when "creatively" claiming he had appeared with Palance in The Silver Tassie in New York. Undaunted, Adams joined a theater workshop run by Arthur Kennedy. In January 1952, Adams enlisted in the United States Coast Guard.

About two years in June 1954, his ship docked in Long Beach harbor and, after a brash audition for director John Ford during which Adams did impressions of James Cagney and other celebrities while dressed in his Coast Guard uniform, he took his accumulated leave and appeared as Seaman Reber in the 1955 film version of Mister Roberts. Adams completed his military service, returned to Los Angeles and, at the age of 23, based on his work in Mister Roberts, secured a powerful agent, signed with Warner Bros. Adams had a small role in Rebel Without a Cause; that year Adams played the role of "Bomber" the paper boy in the popular film adaptation of Picnic, filmed on location in Kansas, starred William Holden, Kim Novak, Susan Strasberg. He was not perceived by casting directors as tall or handsome enough for leading roles, but during the late 1950s, Adams had supporting roles in several successful television productions, including one episode of Wanted Dead or Alive starring Steve McQueen, films such as Our Miss Brooks, No Time for Se

The North American Arctic is composed of the northern portions of Alaska, Northern Canada and Greenland. Major bodies of water include the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, the Gulf of Alaska and North Atlantic Ocean; the western limit is the Bering Strait. The southern limit is the Arctic Circle latitude of 66° 33’N, the approximate limit of the midnight sun and the polar night; the Arctic region is defined by environmental limits where the average temperature for the warmest month is below 10 °C. The northernmost tree line follows the isotherm at the boundary of this region; the area has polar vegetation. From west to east.

Robert A. Emmons is an American psychologist and professor at UC Davis, his research is in the field of personality psychology, emotion psychology, psychology of religion. Emmons completed his undergraduate psychology degree in 1980 at the University of Southern Maine, Portland, he obtained a M. A. in 1984 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in personality psychology, a Ph. D. in the same subject from the same university in 1986, with a thesis "Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-Being". He was an assistant professor at Michigan State University from 1986 to 1988 and came to Davis at the same rank in 1988, he was appointed associate professor in 1990, full professor in 1996. He has edited 6 books and over 100 articles for scientific journals, he is editor-in-chief of The Journal of Positive Psychology. Emmons' research examines the psychology of gratitude and the psychology of individual goal setting and their connection with positive outcomes in a person's life.

He was involved in a $905,000 research grant from the Templeton Foundation during 2006–2009 evaluating the effect of Young Life on teens' spiritual fruits such as kindness and selflessness, has received other grants from them. Emmons is known for working on multiple research projects focused on gratitude, he addresses many ways to stay grateful in different situations and has found through his research that gratefulness inspires happiness. He is focused on finding ways to engender gratefulness in youth, he has found that practicing acts of gratitude such as journaling things for which one is grateful for can promote well-being. Emmons, Robert A. Gratitude Works!: A Twenty-One-Day Program for Creating Emotional Prosperity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2013 SBN 9781118131299 Emmons, R. A.. THANKS! How the New Science of Gratitude Can Make You Happier. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin. ISBN 9780618620197. Translated into French as Merci!: quand la gratitude change nos vies, Turkish as Teşekkür ederim, Chinese as 愈感恩, 愈富足 /Yu gan en, yu fu zu Emmons, R.

A. & Hill, J.. Words of gratitude for mind and soul. Radnor, PA: Templeton Foundation Press. Emmons, R. A.. The psychology of ultimate concerns: Motivation and spirituality in personality. New York: The Guilford Press. ISBN 9781572304567 Emmons, R. A. & McCullough, M. E.. The psychology of gratitude. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195348729 Rabin, A. I. Zucker, R. A. Emmons, R. A. & Frank, S... Studying persons and lives. New York: Springer Publishing Company