1.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
2.
New York University
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New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
3.
A Christmas Carol
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A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843. A Christmas Carol tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an old miser who is visited by the ghost of his business partner Jacob Marley. After their visits Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man, Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol at a time when the British were examining and exploring Christmas traditions from the past, such as carols, as well as new customs such as Christmas trees. He was influenced by experiences from his own past, and from the Christmas stories of other authors, including Washington Irving, the treatment of the poor and the ability of self-interested man redeeming himself by transforming into a more sympathetic character are the key themes of the story. There is discussion among academics as to whether this was a fully secular story, published on 19 December, the first edition sold out by Christmas Eve, by the end of 1844 thirteen editions had been released. Most critics reviewed the novella positively, the story was illicitly copied in January 1844, Dickens took action against the publishers, who went bankrupt, reducing further Dickenss small profits from the publication. He went on to four other Christmas stories in subsequent years. In 1849 he began public readings of the story proved so successful he undertook 127 further performances until 1870. A Christmas Carol has never been out of print and has translated into several languages. With A Christmas Carol, Dickens captured the zeitgeist of the revival of the Christmas holiday. Dickens divided the book into five chapters, which he labelled staves, the story begins on a cold and bleak Christmas Eve in London, seven years after the death of Ebenezer Scrooges business partner, Jacob Marley. Scrooge, an old miser, hates Christmas and refuses an invitation to Christmas dinner from his nephew Fred. At home that night, Scrooge is visited by Marleys ghost, the first of the spirits, the Ghost of Christmas Past, takes Scrooge to Christmas scenes of Scrooges boyhood and youth, reminding him of a time when he was more innocent. The boyhood scenes portray Scrooges lonely childhood, his relationship with his beloved sister Fan, and a Christmas party hosted by his first employer, Mr. Fezziwig, who treated Scrooge like a son. They also portray Scrooges neglected fiancée Belle, who ends their relationship after she realises that Scrooge will never love her as much as he loves money, finally, they visit a now-married Belle with her large, happy family on a recent Christmas Eve. Scrooge and the ghost also visit Freds Christmas party, a major part of this stave is taken up with Bob Cratchits family feast and introduces his youngest son, Tiny Tim, a happy boy who is seriously ill. The spirit informs Scrooge that Tiny Tim will die unless the course of events changes. Before disappearing, the spirit shows Scrooge two hideous, emaciated children named Ignorance and Want and he tells Scrooge to beware the former above all and mocks Scrooges concern for their welfare
4.
Jurassic World
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Jurassic World is a 2015 American science-fiction adventure film and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park series. The film was directed and co-written by Colin Trevorrow, produced by Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley, the production companies were Steven Spielbergs Amblin Entertainment, also responsible for the rest of the Jurassic Park franchise, and Thomas Tulls Legendary Pictures. The park plunges into chaos when a genetically created dinosaur breaks loose, following a suggestion from Spielberg, writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver explored the idea of a functional dinosaur park. Once Trevorrow was hired as director in 2013, he followed the idea while developing a whole new script with Derek Connolly. Principal photography rolled from April to August 2014, primarily in Louisiana while also using the original Jurassic Park filming locations in Hawaii, Jurassic World was released on June 12,2015, in over 60 countries. After a record-breaking opening weekend where it grossed $500 million worldwide, a sequel is scheduled for release on June 22,2018. Following the demise of dinosaur-themed Jurassic Park, Jurassic World, a new resort opened in its place in Isla Nublar years later, has become a successful tourist destination. The Masrani Global Corporation – owner of the genetics company InGen that creates the dinosaurs – has been operating the park on the island for the past ten years. Brothers Zach and Gray Mitchell visit Jurassic World to see their aunt Claire Dearing, Claire, a busy workaholic, assigns her assistant Zara to be their guide, but the boys evade her and explore the resort on their own. Owen Grady, a Navy veteran, has been researching the intelligence of the parks Velociraptors, InGen security chief Vic Hoskins believes the raptors should be trained for military use despite Owens objections. Park owner Simon Masrani has Owen evaluate the paddock of the new hybrid dinosaur, Indominus rex. Owen warns Claire about the danger of raising Indominus in isolation, when the staff learns that the Indominus appears to have escaped its paddock, Owen and two others enter the enclosure. Able to camouflage itself and mask its heat signature, the Indominus suddenly appears and devours Owens companions before escaping into the islands interior, Owen orders the Indominus to be killed, but Masrani instead sends a specialized unit to capture it. When most of the unit is killed, Claire orders the evacuation of the northern sector. While exploring in a ride, Zach and Gray enter a restricted area. The nearby Indominus attacks and destroys their sphere, but both manage to escape to the ruins of the original Jurassic Park visitor center and they repair an old Jeep Wrangler and drive back to the park resort. While Claire and Owen are searching for the boys, they encounter the Indominus, the pterosaurs then attack the resort itself, and in the chaos, Zara falls into the nearby lake and is devoured by a Mosasaurus. Gray and Zach eventually find Owen and Claire at the resort as armed personnel subdue the pterosaurs with tranquilizers, assuming command, Hoskins orders that the raptors be used to track the Indominus, Owen is forced to accept Hoskins plan and lead the raptors
5.
Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, the Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. The area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U. S. capital, which is named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State, or, in more formal contexts. Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as Washington, calling the nations capital Washington, D. C. or, often, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
6.
Charles Dickens
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Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the worlds best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era and his works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the twentieth century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories enjoy lasting popularity, born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors prison. Dickenss literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers, within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the publication of narrative fiction. The instalment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audiences reaction, and he modified his plot. For example, when his wifes chiropodist expressed distress at the way Miss Mowcher in David Copperfield seemed to reflect her disabilities and his plots were carefully constructed, and he often wove elements from topical events into his narratives. Masses of the poor chipped in hapennies to have each new monthly episode read to them, opening up. Dickens was regarded as the literary colossus of his age and his 1843 novella, A Christmas Carol, remains popular and continues to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are also adapted, and, like many of his novels. His 1859 novel, A Tale of Two Cities, set in London, Dickens has been praised by fellow writers—from Leo Tolstoy to George Orwell and G. K. Chesterton—for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations, and social criticism. On the other hand, Oscar Wilde, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of depth, loose writing. The term Dickensian is used to something that is reminiscent of Dickens and his writings. Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on 7 February 1812, at 1 Mile End Terrace, Landport in Portsea Island and his father was a clerk in the Navy Pay Office and was temporarily stationed in the district. He asked Christopher Huffam, rigger to His Majestys Navy, gentleman, Huffam is thought to be the inspiration for Paul Dombey, the owner of a shipping company in Dickenss eponymous Dombey and Son. In January 1815 John Dickens was called back to London, when Charles was four, they relocated to Sheerness, and thence to Chatham, Kent, where he spent his formative years until the age of 11. His early life seems to have been idyllic, though he himself a very small. Charles spent time outdoors but also read voraciously, including the novels of Tobias Smollett and Henry Fielding, as well as Robinson Crusoe
7.
Melissa Joan Hart
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Melissa Joan Hart is an American actress, director, producer, singer, fashion designer, and businesswoman. Hart was born in Smithtown, New York, the first child of Paula, a producer and talent manager, and William Hart, a carpenter, shellfish purveyor, clam hatchery worker and her maternal grandfather, Stanley John Voje, was a Navy veteran and Catholic. Hart grew up in Sayville, New York, Melissa Joan Harts parents had four other children after Melissa, Trisha, Elizabeth, Brian, and Emily, who are all in acting. Her parents were divorced in the early 1990s, and she moved with her mother, in 1994, her mother married television executive Leslie Gilliams. Hart has three half-sisters, Alexandra, Samantha, and Mackenzie, Hart was named after the Allman Brothers song Melissa, while her middle name, Joan, came from her maternal grandmother. She chose Catherine as her name when she was in the eighth grade. Harts career began at age four when she made a commercial for a bathtub doll called Splashy. From then on, she appeared regularly in commercials, making 25 of them before the age of five and she made a cameo guest appearance on the April 22,1986 episode of the NBC daytime soap opera Another World. She also auditioned for the lead role Jamie Lloyd in Halloween 4, The Return of Michael Myers, in 1989, she became an understudy in a Broadway production of The Crucible starring Martin Sheen. In 1991 Hart landed the role on the Nickelodeon series Clarissa Explains It All, a comedy about a teen girl in everyday situations. The show brought her four consecutive Young Artist Award nominations, winning three and her role in the series also led to her starring in the FMV video game Nickelodeons Directors Lab as a tour guide who takes the player around a movie studio. Initially, after first being recognized on the streets, Hart felt embarrassed to perform on a show while being a teenager. Nevertheless, she was enthusiastic about the role, and all hoped for that would get to do it for a while, Hart also recorded two albums as Clarissa, This Is What Na Na Means and a recording of Peter and the Wolf. As its musical theme, the featured a slow, jazz version of its predecessors theme song. Hart appeared on Nickelodeons anthology show Are You Afraid of the Dark, season 2 episode The Tale of the Frozen Ghost in 1991. After the television series ended, Hart attended New York University and she later collaborated on an animated version that featured Hart voicing the two aunts Hilda and Zelda, and Harts younger sister Emily Hart starring in the title role. In between times, she also guest-starred on the series Touched by an Angel and starred in several TV movies. In 1998, Hart had a role in film Cant Hardly Wait, shortly afterwards Hart began working on a theatrical film project titled Next to You
8.
Bella Thorne
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Annabella Avery Bella Thorne is an American actress and singer. She played Ruthy Spivey in the television series My Own Worst Enemy, Tancy Henrickson in the season of Big Love. She also appeared as Hilary/Larry in Blended and as Celia in Alexander, in 2015, she played Madison in The Duff, Amanda in Perfect High and Hazel in Big Sky. Thorne was born in Pembroke Pines, Florida, to Tamara and she has three elder siblings, Kaili, Danielle, and Remy, who are also actors. Her father was of Cuban descent, Thorne has stated that she is also of Italian and Irish ancestry. Thornes first film appearance was a role as a sidelines fan in the 2003 film Stuck on You. She has since appeared in film and television projects including Entourage, in 2007 she joined the recurring cast of Dirty Sexy Moneys second season, her first major television role. In 2008 she starred in the third-last episode of October Road as Angela Ferilli and her older brother Remy also guest-starred in the same episode as a younger Eddie Latekka. In 2009, she starred the web series Little Monk, which depicted characters from the series Monk as Wendy, the webisodes are available only on the Best of Monk DVD. Also in 2009, she played the role of the vengeful antagonist in the horror film Forget Me Not. Thorne took on a role in the family drama Raspberry Magic, the movie premiered at the Cinequest Film Festival. In 2010, Thorne replaced Jolean Wejbe as Tancy Teenie Henrickson, Bill, Thorne starred as co-star on the Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up, originally titled Dance, Dance Chicago. Thorne played CeCe Jones, a dancer with heavy ambitions for a career in the spotlight despite having dyslexia, the show is a buddy comedy centered on a teen dance show co-starring Thorne and Zendaya. The multi-camera series began production in Hollywood, California, in July 2010 and premiered on November 7,2010, while she had a substantial portfolio of work in television and film, Thorne had no experience in professional dancing before being cast. After signing onto the show in October 2009, she began taking three dance classes every night, thornes first single, Watch Me was released on June 21, reaching 86 on the US Billboard Hot 100 charts. 9 on the US Top Heatseekers charts and earning RIAA, Gold, on September 29,2011, Disney Channel announced it had increased Shake It Ups second season order to 26 episodes. A 90-minute special episode Made In Japan aired August 17,2012, on June 4,2012, Disney Channel announced that Shake It Up had been renewed for a third season In 2012, Thorne was cast as Avalon Greene in the Disney Channel Original Movie Frenemies. TTYLXOX was released on March 6, reaching 97 on the US Billboard Hot 100 charts, on March 30,2013, it was confirmed by Hollywood Records via Twitter that Thorne had officially signed to the record label
9.
William H. Macy
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William Hall Macy, Jr. is an American actor, screenwriter, teacher and theater director. His film career has been mostly on his appearances in small, independent films. Macy has described himself as sort of a Middle American, WASPy, Macy has won two Emmy Awards and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as being nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Since 2011, he has played Frank Gallagher, a character in the Showtime television series Shameless. Macy and actress Felicity Huffman have been married since 1997, Macy was born in Miami, Florida, and grew up in Georgia and Maryland. His father, William Hall Macy, Sr and his mother, Lois, was a war widow who met Macys father after her first husband died in 1943, Macy has described her as a Southern belle. Macy graduated from Allegany High School in Cumberland, Maryland in 1968, at Goddard, he first met playwright David Mamet. After graduating from Goddard in 1971, Macy moved to Chicago, Illinois, working as a bartender to pay the rent. Within a year, he and David Mamet, among others, founded St. Nicholas Theater Company, while in Chicago in his twenties, he did a TV commercial. He was required to join AFTRA in order to do the commercial, and received his SAG card within a year, Macy spent time in Los Angeles, before moving to New York City in 1980, where he had roles in over 50 Off Broadway and Broadway plays. One of his early roles was as a turtle named Socrates in the direct-to-video film The Boy Who Loved Trolls. He also had a role as a hospital orderly on the sitcom Kate & Allie in the fourth-season episode General Hospital. He has appeared in films that Mamet wrote and/or directed, such as House of Games, Things Change, Homicide, Oleanna, Wag the Dog, State and Main. Macy may be best known for his role in Fargo. The role helped boost his career and recognizability, though at the expense of nearly confining him to a narrow typecast of a man down on his luck. In 2003, he won a Peabody Award and two Emmy Awards, one for starring in the role, and one as co-writer. Door to Door is a based on the true story of Bill Porter. His work on ER and Sports Night has also recognized with Emmy nominations
10.
Richard Wright (author)
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Richard Nathaniel Wright was an American author of sometimes controversial novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction. Literary critics believe his work helped change race relations in the United States in the mid-20th century, Richard Nathaniel Wright was born on September 4,1908, at Ruckers Plantation, between the train town of Roxie and the larger river city of Natchez, Mississippi. His autobiography, Black Boy, covers the interval in his life from 1912 until May 1936 and he was the son of Nathan Wright and Ella (b.1884 Mississippi- d. Jan 13,1959 Chicago, Illinois}. His parents were free after the Civil War, both sets of his grandparents had been born into slavery and freed as a result of the war. Richards father left the family when the boy was six years old, in 1916 his mother Ella moved with Richard and his younger brother to live with her sister Maggie and her husband Silas Hoskins in Elaine, Arkansas. This was also in the area of the Mississippi Delta and former cotton plantations, the Wrights were forced to flee after Silas Hoskins disappeared, reportedly killed by a white man who coveted his successful saloon business. After his single-parent mother became incapacitated by a stroke, Richard was separated from his younger brother, at the age of 12, he had not yet had a single complete year of schooling. Soon Richard and his moved to the home of his maternal grandmother in the state capital, Jackson, Mississippi. There he was able to attend school regularly. After a year, at the age of 13 he entered the Jim Hill public school, in his grandparents pious, Seventh-Day Adventist household, Richard felt stifled by his aunt and grandmother, who tried to force him to pray so that he might find God. He later threatened to leave home because his Grandmother Wilson refused to him to work on Saturdays. This early strife with his aunt and grandmother left him with a permanent, at the age of 15, while in eighth grade, Wright published his first story, The Voodoo of Hells Half-Acre, in the local Black newspaper Southern Register. He described the story as about a villain who sought a widows home, after excelling in grade school and junior high, in 1923, Wright earned the position of class valedictorian of Smith Robertson junior high school. He was assigned to write a paper to be delivered at graduation in a public auditorium, Later, he was called to the principals office, where the principal gave him a prepared speech to present in place of his own. Richard challenged the principal, saying. the people are coming to hear the students, the principal threatened him, suggesting that Richard might not be allowed to graduate if he persisted, despite having passed all the examinations. He also tried to entice Richard with an opportunity to become a teacher, determined not to be called an Uncle Tom, Richard refused to deliver the principals address, written to avoid offending the white school district officials. Despite pressure even from his classmates, Richard delivered his speech as he had planned, in September that year, Wright registered for mathematics, English, and history courses at the new Lanier High School, constructed for black students in Jackson. He had to stop attending classes after a few weeks of irregular attendance because he needed to earn money for family expenses, the next year, at the age of 17, Wright moved on his own to Memphis, Tennessee, in November 1925
11.
Mame (musical)
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Mame is a musical with the book by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee and music and lyrics by Jerry Herman. Originally titled My Best Girl, it is based on the 1955 novel Auntie Mame by Patrick Dennis and a 1956 Broadway play, by Lawrence and Lee and her fabulous life with her wealthy friends is interrupted when the young son of her late brother arrives to live with her. They cope with the Depression in a series of adventures, in 1958, a film titled Auntie Mame, based on the play, was released by Warner Brothers once again starring Rosalind Russell in the title role. Russell was nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe for her portrayal, the musical opened on Broadway in 1966, starring Angela Lansbury and Beatrice Arthur. The musical was inspired by the success of the 1956 Broadway comedy and subsequent 1958 film version starring Rosalind Russell, according to Stephen Citron, in Jerry Herman, Poet of the Showtune, the kudos made all involved immediately think of musicalizing the play. Dennis wrote several more novels, including a sequel, Around the World with Auntie Mame, and Little Me. The success of that musical may have prompted Lawrence and Lee to turn Mame into a musical, mary Martin turned down the title role, and after numerous actresses had been considered, the part went to Angela Lansbury. Jerry Herman tried to cast Judy Garland, and wrote the show with her in mind and he was talked out of it by her managers who thought she could not handle the stress of eight shows a week on Broadway. The musical opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre on May 24,1966, three years later, it transferred to The Broadway Theatre, where it remained until closing on January 3,1970. Between the two venues, it ran a total of 1,508 performances and five previews, Lansbury, Arthur and Michaels all won Tony Awards, while Saks, White, the writers, Herman, and set designers William and Jean Eckart all received nominations. When Lansbury took a vacation in August 1967 Celeste Holm played the title role, prior to heading the National Tour. When Lansbury left the Broadway production on March 30,1968, to take the show on a limited US tour, Janis Paige was the chosen to be the new Broadway Mame. Paiges run and the show continued to be so successful that she was followed by Jane Morgan. Celeste Holm, who played the role on Broadway for two weeks when Lansbury took a vacation, continued in the role in the first National Tour. When Lansbury left the Broadway production she led a second limited tour that played in San Francisco starting in April 1968, the 1969 West End production starred Ginger Rogers in the title role and Margaret Courtenay as Vera. It ran for an engagement at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane with a special performance for Queen Elizabeth II. Victor Woolf was the manager for this production. In 1976, a Mexican production was performed in Mexico City with Silvia Pinal in the title role, in 2014/2015, a Mexican new production was performed in Mexico with Itati Cantoral and Alicia Machado in the title role and Dalilah Polanco as Vera
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