Nulla poena sine lege is a legal principle, requiring that one cannot be punished for doing something, not prohibited by law. This principle is accepted and codified in modern democratic states as a basic requirement of the rule of law, it has been described as "one of the most'widely held value-judgement in the entire history of human thought'". In modern European criminal law, e.g. of the Constitutional Court of Germany, the principle of nulla poena sine lege has been found to consist of four separate requirements: Nulla poena sine lege praevia There is to be no penalty without previous law. This prohibits ex post facto laws, the retroactive application of criminal law, it is a basic maxim in continental European legal thinking. It was written by Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach as part of the Bavarian Criminal Code in 1813. Nulla poena sine lege scripta; that is, criminal prohibitions must be set out in written legal instruments of general application statutes, adopted in the form required by constitutional law.

This excludes customary law as a basis of criminal punishment. Nulla poena sine lege certa; this provides that a penal statute must define the punishable conduct and the penalty with sufficient definiteness. This to allow citizens to foresee when a specific action would be punishable, to conduct themselves accordingly, a rule expressed in the general principle of legal certainty in matters of criminal law, it is recognised or codified in many national jurisdictions, as well as e.g. by the European Court of Justice as a "general principle of Union law". Nulla poena sine lege stricta; this prohibits the application by analogy of statutory provisions in criminal law. One complexity is the lawmaking power of judges under common law. In civil law systems that do not admit judge-made law, it is not always clear when the function of interpretation of the criminal law ends and judicial lawmaking begins. In English criminal law there are offences of common law origin. For example, murder lacks a statutory definition.

The Homicide Act 1957 did not include a statutory definition of murder. Therefore, the definition of murder was the subject of no fewer than six appeals to the House of Lords within the following 40 years; the legal principle nulla poena sine lege as principle in natural law is due to the contention of scholars of the Scholasticism about the preconditions of a guilty conscience. In relation to the Ezekiel-commentary of Jerome, Thomas Aquinas and Francisco Suárez analysed the formal conditions of the punishment of conscience. Thomas located the conditions within the synderesis. For him it is a active part of the human soul. Understanding of activity, in accordance with the human nature, is formal possible due to the synderesis. Hence the synderesis contains in the works of patristic authors a law which commands how the human as human has to act. In the individual case this law is contentual definite. For the scholastic this is shown in the action of the intellect; this action is named since Thomas conscientia.

A possible content of the conscientia is the punishment in concordance with the content of the synderesis, in case the human has had not act in concordance with the human nature. An example for the punishment is madness; the Oresteia is a famous example for this. According Suárez the punishment of conscience is the insight in an obligation to act in concordance with the human nature to undo a past misdeed; this insight obligates to impossible actions due to the fact that the misdeed is in the past and hence it is unchangeable. Therefore the conscientia obligates in concordance with the synderesis to do an impossible action. Hence the conscientia restricts conscientious persons by doing a limitation on their own will. For they are unable to think about any other action. Inasmuch the conscientia restricts the intellect the scholastic speak of it as a malum or malum metaphysicum, because the limitation is related to a metaphysical quality of a human; the law is constituted by the human nature itself from.

Therefore the punishment of the conscience is executed because of a violation of natural law. The question of jurisdiction may sometimes come to contradict this principle. For example, customary international law allows the prosecution of pirates by any country if they did not commit crimes at the area that falls under this country's law. A similar principle has appeared in the recent decades with regard to crimes of genocide. However, it seems that universal jurisdiction is not to be expanded to other crimes, so as to satisfy Nulla poena sine lege. Since the Nuremberg Trials, penal law is taken to include the prohibitions of international criminal law

Fried rice is a dish of cooked rice, stir-fried in a wok or a frying pan and is mixed with other ingredients such as eggs, seafood, or meat. It is eaten by itself or as an accompaniment to another dish. Fried rice is a popular component of certain South Asian cuisines; as a homemade dish, fried rice is made with ingredients left over from other dishes, leading to countless variations. Fried rice first developed during the Sui Dynasty in China and as such all fried rice dishes can trace their origins to Chinese fried rice. Many varieties of fried rice have their own specific list of ingredients. In Greater China, common varieties include Hokkien fried rice. Japanese chāhan is considered a Japanese Chinese dish, having derived from Chinese fried rice dishes. Korean bokkeum-bap in general is not. In Southeast Asia constructed Indonesian and Singaporean nasi goreng and Thai khao phat are popular dishes. In the West, most restaurants catering to vegetarians have invented their own varieties of fried rice, including egg fried rice.

Fried rice is seen on the menus of American restaurants offering cuisines with no native tradition of the dish. Additionally, the cuisine of some Latin American countries includes variations on fried rice, including Ecuadorian chaulafan, Peruvian arroz chaufa, Cuban arroz frito, Puerto Rican arroz mamposteao. Fried rice is a common street food in Asia. In some Asian countries, small restaurants, street vendors and traveling hawkers specialize in serving fried rice. In Indonesian cities it is common to find fried rice street hawkers moving through the streets with their food cart and stationing it in busy streets or residential areas. Many Southeast Asian street food stands offer fried rice with a selection of optional garnishes and side dishes. Cooked rice is the primary ingredient, with myriad additional ingredients, such as vegetables, meat, preserved meat, mushrooms, among others. Aromatics such as onions, shallots and garlic are added for extra flavor. Various cooking oils, such as vegetable oil, sesame oil, clarified butter, or lard can be used to grease the wok or frying pan to prevent sticking, as well as for flavor.

Fried rice dishes can be seasoned with salt, different types of soy sauce, oyster sauce and many other sauces and spices. Popular garnishes include chopped scallions, sliced chili, fried shallots, sprigs of parsley or coriander leaves, toasted sesame seeds, seaweed flakes, sliced cucumber, lime, or pickled vegetables; the earliest record of fried rice is in the Sui dynasty. Fried rice is believed to have started as a way of reusing leftover rice. Canton is a Cantonese style fried rice served with a thick gravy poured on it. Hokkien fried rice, a variation of Chinese fried rice, is from the Fujian region of China. Szechwan fried rice is a spicy stir-fried rice from Sichuan which uses doubanjiang chili sauce with garlic, green onions, red onion. Yin Yang Fried Rice is topped with two different types of sauce a savory white sauce on one-half and a red tomato-based sauce on the other half. Elaborate versions use the sauces to create a yin-yang symbol. Yeung chow fried rice consists of generous portions of shrimp and scrambled egg, along with barbecued pork.

This is the most popular fried rice served in Chinese restaurants referred to as "special fried rice" or "house fried rice". Chāhan or Yakimeshi is a Chinese-derived fried rice suited to Japanese tastes by the addition of katsuobushi for flavor, prepared with myriad ingredients. Omurice is fried rice wrapped inside an egg omelette; the fried rice is mixed with a variety of vegetables and meat. A variant called "Chicken Rice" is used. Ketchup or some other tomato sauce is added to make this. Bokkeum-bap is made by stir-frying bap with other ingredients in oil. A wide range of fried rice dishes are common in Korean cuisine made with whichever ingredients are handy. In Korean restaurants, fried rice is a popular end-of-meal add-on. After eating the main dishes cooked on a tabletop stove, cooked rice along with gimgaru and sesame oil is added directly into the remains of the main dishes, stir-fried, browned. Kimchi-bokkeum-bap is a popular variety of bokkeum-bap, prepared with kimchi and a variable list of other ingredients.

Bai cha is a Khmer variation of fried rice that includes diced sausage, soy sauce, herbs and is eaten as an accompaniment to meat. Nasi goreng is an Indonesian and Malaysian version of fried rice, the main difference compared to fried rice is that it is cooked using sweet soy sauce, it is accompanied by additional items such as a fried egg, fried chicken and condiments such as sambal and krupuk. It is served in Indonesia, Malaysia and most of the neighboring countries, is popular in the Netherlands. Nasi goreng pattaya is Malaysian fried rice wrapped inside an egg omelette; the fried rice is mixed with a variety of vegetables and meat. Tomato sauce is added. In Indonesia, the dish is called nasi goreng amplop. Sambal fried rice found in Singapore is a variation of fried rice made with sambal, a condiment based on chilis and belachan, derived from Indonesian and Malay influences. Burmese fried rice normal

American Greed known as American Greed: Scams, And Suckers and as American Greed: Scams, And Broken Dreams, is an original primetime series airing on the business news network CNBC. It was created by Mark Hoffman president, CEO, chairman of the board at CNBC; the program is narrated by Stacy Keach Jr.. It first aired on June 21, 2007, in the US and is airing in its thirteenth season. Episodes are rebroadcast on the television network Escape; the program has been renewed for a twelfth season which premiered on February 26, 2018. On April 16, 2019, it was announced that the thirteenth season will premiere on August 12, 2019; the business-reality program focuses on the stories behind some of the high-profile corporate and white collar crimes in recent U. S. history, including the financial scandals involving WorldCom, HealthSouth, Tyco International, CyberNET. In addition, stories feature low-profile financial crimes affecting individual investors and smaller companies, including various Ponzi schemes, real estate and other investment frauds, bank robbery, identity theft, medical fraud, insurance fraud, murder-for-hire, art theft, credit card fraud, money laundering, crimes committed by elected officials.

In addition, there have been 3 American Greed special presentations: American Greed Special: Bernie Madoff Behind Bars. The show began airing its thirteenth season in January, 2019. In August 2012 CNBC aired the series American Greed: The Fugitives which focused on active cases of alleged white-collar crime; the show documented stories of suspects who were still at large and had continued to evade authorities. It lasted 2 seasons. After the Nov. 14, 2013, airing of American Greed: The Fugitives #12, viewer tips led to the successful Nov. 26, 2013, arrest of FBI Most Wanted fugitive David Kaup, a fugitive since Dec. 17, 2012, when he failed to appear for sentencing in Los Angeles. In early 2019, CNBC aired another companion series, American Greed: Deadly Rich, which focused on high-profile murder cases involving the wealthy; the show has been criticized for overestimating law enforcement's interest and involvement in combating fraud, as many frauds are discovered only after a number of people have been victimized.

In civil fraud claims, courts require that the fraud be pleaded with specificity and the proponent provide documentation corroborating the claim. In the Madoff case, an early administrative complaint was dismissed for lack of evidence, with the claim of a Ponzi scheme deemed speculative and unsubstantiated using the same standard federal courts employ in evaluating civil fraud claims. Matulich, Serge. "Richard Scrushy: The Rise and fall of the King of Health Care". Handbook of Frauds and Swindles: Failures of Ethics in Leadership. CRC Press. Pp. 315–351. ISBN 978-1-4200-7285-3. OCLC 214285931. Retrieved 2009-05-19. Jennings, Marianne. "Innovation Like No Other". The Seven Signs of Ethical Collapse. New York: St. Martin's Press. Pp. 214–216. ISBN 0-312-35430-4. OCLC 63297926. Markham, Jerry. "Full Disclosure Fails". A Financial History of Modern U. S. Corporate Scandals: From Enron to Reform. Armonk, N. Y: M. E. Sharpe. Pp. 360–364. ISBN 0-7656-1583-5. OCLC 58536658.1. Fed. R. Civ. Pro 9. 2. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U. S. 662.

Official Website American Greed on IMDb

Shits & Giggles is a 2010 mashup album by The Kleptones. It is a compilation of old songs; some songs date back to 2004. Surf Mountain - 4:13 Samples - Jane's Addiction - Mountain Song Samples - Trentemøller - Silver Surfer, Ghost Rider Go!!! Sick Mouth - 3:54 Samples - Queens of the Stone Age - Sick Sick Sick Samples - Foxy Brown feat. Sizzla - Come Fly With Me Gimme Gimme - 4:29 Samples - Black Sabbath - Supernaut Samples - Rolling Stones - Gimme Shelter Samples - Rick James - Give It to Me Baby Flik Flok - 3:42 Samples - Ke$ha - TiK ToK Samples - Dizzee Rascal - Flex Saturday White - 4:53 Samples - Elton John - Saturday Night's Alright Samples - Billy Idol - White Wedding, Pt. 1 Kool Hunting - 3:36 Samples - The Police - Synchronicity II Samples - Sonic Youth - Kool Thing Samples - Bloc Party - Hunting for Witches Electric Boing - 3:52 Samples - Foals - Electric Bloom Samples - Nik & Jay - Boing! Rocksteady Clash - 3:09 Samples - Zoe - Rock Steady Samples - The Clash - Train in Vain Dubby Monks - 3:46 Samples - Red Hot Chili Peppers - Funky Monks Samples - Latyrx - Lady Don't Tek No Dub It Away - 4:23 Samples - Red Hot Chili Peppers - Give It Away Kill - 3:11 Samples - Queen - Death on Two Legs Samples - Kool Keith - Recoupment Samples - Frontline - The Way The Music Died Smash - 3:42 Samples - Queen - Hammer to Fall Samples - Sirius B.

Feat. HardyHard - Tellievision Samples - Chicks on Speed - Wordy Rappinghood Psycho Dreams - 4:11 Samples - Talking Heads - Psycho Killer Samples - Fleetwood Mac - Dreams Rodeo Street - 4:02 Samples - Blackstreet - No Diggity Soundbites - Pete Townshend - The Kids Are Alright Lung Cancer - 5:01 Samples - Amerie - Take Control Samples - Radiohead - My Iron Lung Soundbites - "Drimble Wedge and the Vegetation!" - Bedazzled Lost In The Ballroom - 4:24 Samples - Sweet - The Ballroom Blitz Samples - Ali Love - K-Hole Heydrum - 3:49 Samples - Florence and the Machine - Drumming Song Samples - No Doubt - Hey Baby Hit Me With Your Numbers - 3:00 Samples - Kraftwerk - Numbers Samples - Pat Benatar - Hit Me With Your Best Shot Lazy Dancer - 3:55 Samples - Silversun Pickups - Lazy Eye Samples - Yuksek - I Could Never Be A Dancer Unwanted Whisper - 4:37 Samples - Bon Jovi - Wanted Dead or Alive Samples - George Michael - Careless Whisper Soundbites - Reg Presley - The Troggs Tapes The Kleptones Official Site Official Shits & Giggles album page

Malik Ghulam Abbas was a Pakistani politician, elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in 2018 general election but died before assuming office. He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party from Constituency PP-205 in 2002 Pakistani general election, he received 13,302 votes and lost the seat to Rana Muhammad Qasim Noon. He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-205 in 2008 Pakistani general election, he received 29,523 votes and lost the seat to Mehdi Abbas Khan. He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PPP from Constituency PP-205 in 2013 Pakistani general election, he lost the seat to Mehdi Abbas Khan. He joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf following the 2013 general elections, he ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of PTI from Constituency NA-153 in by-elections held in March 2016, but was unsuccessful.

He lost the seat to Rana Muhammad Qasim Noon. He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PTI from Constituency PP-222 in 2018 Pakistani general election, he defeated Mehdi Abbas Khan. On 15 August 2018, he died in Islamabad before swearing in as member of the Punjab Assembly, he suffered a heart attack four days before his death after which he was hospitalized in Islamabad

Major Hoople's Boarding House was a Canadian pop band from Cambridge, Ontario. They were active from the mid-1960s to the 1980s, performing in Ontario and releasing several singles, one of which appeared on national charts. Rocky Howell, Peter Padalino, Gail Selkirk, Dave Lodge and Rick Riddell formed a band in Cambridge in the 1960s called the Shan-De-Leers, it was renamed Major Hoople's Boarding House after they hired David Lodge in 1967. The group name referred to Our Boarding House. Riddell and Selkirk were replaced by Ed Miller and Peter Beacock. Lodge left the band to concentrate on songwriting and management in 1973 and he was replaced by Keith Stahlbaum. In 1975, Dave Gooding was added on saxophone; the band signed with the Polydor record label, released a single, "Everything's the Same". They performed in the club circuit and at summer dance halls around Ontario for a number of years and signed with Axe Records, they had a top-30 Canadian radio hit in 1975 with "I'm Running After You". The band released a single, "Our House", which appeared on the RPM 100 chart in October and November of 1980.

They continued performing in the 1980s with a varying lineup, went on hiatus as some of the members joined other bands. Both Padalino and Beacock were in the country band Desert Dolphins in the mid-1990s. Many years after they disbanded, the band reformed in 2010 with three of the long-time members - Miller, Keith Stahlbaum, Gooding - and was supplemented by keyboardist Brad Stahlbaum and guitarist Brian Tozer; the Hooples Album The New Adventures of Hooples I'm Running After You b/w Questions In Mind You Girl b/w Barnstormer I've Got You On My Mind b/w Magic Of A Feeling Someone b/w Loving You