1.
William Riker
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William Thomas Will Riker, played by Jonathan Frakes, is a fictional character in the Star Trek universe appearing primarily as a main character in Star Trek, The Next Generation. Throughout the series and its films, he is the Enterprises first officer. Frakes went to seven auditions over six weeks before being cast as Riker and he becomes comfortable on the Enterprise, repeatedly turning down offers of his own command, and he learns to cherish the company of his fellow officers. Nonetheless, Riker retains a willingness to occasionally disregard the chain of command, Riker is usually referred to as Will, although in early first-season episodes of TNG he is sometimes called Bill by Deanna Troi. He is also usually called Number One by Captain Picard, because of his position as first officer on the Enterprise, Rikers background is first explored in the second-season episode The Icarus Factor. In the episode, Rikers estranged father, Kyle, visits the Enterprise to offer his son the command of the USS Aries, which Riker refuses. We learn that Riker grew up in Valdez, Alaska on Earth, that his mother, Elizabeth, died when he was two old, and that he was raised by his father until the age of 15. In the episode, Riker had not spoken with his father for 15 years, in the episode Lower Decks a waiter at Ten Forward mistakenly states that Riker is Canadian, but in the same episode Riker clarifies that he grew up in Alaska. In the two-part episode The Best of Both Worlds Riker takes command of the Enterprise, assuming the rank of captain through a field promotion and orchestrates Picards rescue. This episode also explores the idea of Riker being unwilling to take chances since he had grown comfortable in his role as First Officer aboard the Enterprise. By the end of the episode, when he orders the Enterprise to fire on former Captain Picard, now Locutus of Borg, the sixth-season episode Second Chances reveals that Will Riker was duplicated long ago by a transporter malfunction. The second Riker takes the name Thomas, which is revealed to be William Rikers middle name, in the seventh-season episode The Pegasus, Riker must confront his former commanding officer, Admiral Erik Pressman, over a cover-up related to the destruction of the USS Pegasus. In the Enterprise series finale, Riker appears as a never before seen cook discussing matters of life, duty, before the beginning of the series, Riker was involved in a romantic relationship with Counselor Troi on her home planet Betazed. They often refer to other as imzadi, a Betazoid term of endearment meaning beloved. The novel Imzadi takes place before the beginning of the series and explores the history of the relationship between the two characters, the following movie, Star Trek Nemesis, begins with their wedding on board the Enterprise-E. At the start of the film, Riker finally accepts a promotion to Captain and an offer to command the USS Titan, during the final scenes he bids Picard. Although Riker was clean-shaven for the first season, he grew a beard at the start of the season that later would become something of a trademark. Frakes had grown a beard between seasons, for his role in the Civil War miniseries North and South, and Gene Roddenberry asked him to keep it, because he thought it made Riker look more nautical
2.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
3.
Majel Barrett
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Majel Barrett-Roddenberry was an American actress and producer. She became the wife of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry. Roddenberry and she were married in Japan on August 6,1969 and they had one son together, Eugene Rod Roddenberry, Jr. born in 1974. Majel began taking acting classes as a child and she attended Shaker Heights High School, graduating in 1950 before going on to the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, then had some stage roles and came to Hollywood. Her father, William Hudec, was a Cleveland police officer and he was killed in the line of duty in 1955 while Majel was touring with an off-Broadway road company. She was briefly seen in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter, in an ad parody at the beginning of the film, and had roles in a few movies, including Love in a Goldfish Bowl, Sylvia, A Guide for the Married Man, and Track of Thunder. She worked at the Desilu Studios on several TV shows, including Bonanza, The Untouchables, The Lucy Show and she received training in comedy from Lucille Ball. In 1960, she played Gwen Rutherford on Leave It to Beaver and she first appeared in Star Treks initial pilot, The Cage, as the USS Enterprises brunette unnamed first officer, Number One. William Shatner corroborated this in Star Trek Memories, and added that viewers at test screenings hated the character. Shatner noted that viewers felt she was pushy and annoying. Her role in subsequent episodes of Star Trek was altered to that of blonde Nurse Christine Chapel and her first appearance as Chapel in film dailies prompted NBC executive Jerry Stanley to yodel Well, well--look whos back. In an early scene in Star Trek, The Motion Picture, viewers are informed that she has now become Doctor Chapel, a role which she reprised briefly in Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. Barrett provided several voices for Star Trek, The Animated Series, including those of Nurse Chapel and an officer named MRess. Her character often vexed the captain of the Enterprise, Jean-Luc Picard, Barrett later appeared as Ambassador Troi in several episodes of Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, where in stark contrast, she developed a strong relationship with Constable Odo. She reprised her role as a shipboard computers voice in two episodes of the prequel series Star Trek, Enterprise, thus making her the actor to have a role in all six televised Star Trek series. She also lent her voice to various games and software related to the franchise. The iconic association of her voice to interactions with computers led to Googles Assistant project being initially codenamed Google Majel, Barrett had also made a point of attending a major Star Trek convention each year in an effort to inspire fans and keep the franchise alive. Barrett is also one of six actors to lend their voices to the CD-ROM Star Trek, Captains Chair, sean Rossall, a Roddenberry family spokesman, stated that she had already completed the voiceover work, around December 4,2008
4.
Starfleet
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Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. While the majority of Starfleets members are human and it is headquartered on Earth, hundreds of species are also represented. During production of episodes of the original series, several details of the makeup of the Star Trek universe had yet to be worked out. However, references to the United Earth Space Probe Agency, for example, the Friendship One probe is marked with the letters UESPA-1 in the Star Trek, Voyager episode Friendship One. Other background props included additional UESPA references, such as Captain Jean-Luc Picards family album in Star Trek Generations, during the production of Star Trek, Enterprise, some larger Starfleet insignia designs included the name United Earth Space Probe Agency. However, the Starfleet that is in existence before the Federation is a different organization than that of the Federation Starfleet, Starfleet acts under a Prime Directive of non-interference with developing worlds or their internal politics. The Prime Directive and Starfleets first-contact policies are at the center of several episodes in each Star Trek series, Starfleet Headquarters is shown to be located on Earth, northeast of the Golden Gate Bridge in the present-day Fort Baker area. Starfleet Academy is located in the general area. Additionally, various episodes show Starfleet operating a series of starbases throughout Federation territory, as ground facilities, the flagship of Starfleet is often considered to be the starship USS Enterprise. Starfleet has many components, including the following, As early as the original Star Trek, later series establish it as an officer training facility with a four-year educational program. The main campus is located near Starfleet Headquarters in what is now Fort Baker, Starfleet Command is the headquarters/command center of Starfleet. The term Starfleet Command is first used in TOS episode Court Martial and its headquarters are depicted as being in Fort Baker, across the Golden Gate from San Francisco, in Star Trek, The Motion Picture and Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. Overlooking the Command from the side of the Golden Gate is the permanent site of the Council of the United Federation of Planets in what is now the Presidio of San Francisco. StarTrek. com notes that many of Starfleets ships are built on Mare Island near San Francisco, the Enterprise-D and USS Voyager are depicted to have been constructed at a shipyard named Utopia Planitia in Mars orbit. The Utopia Planitia served as Starfleets main ship yards throughout a portion of Starfleets existence. After the Enterprise-D encountered the Borg in the episode Q Who the size of the Utopia Planitia shipyards was doubled out of fear of a Borg strike and they were once again doubled after the Dominion threat became more evident. In the 2013 sequel, Montgomery Scotty Scott discovers a covert Starfleet facility, near Jupiter, as one minion of the Dominion in the Star Trek, DS9 episode, Rocks and Shoals notes, Starfleet engineers are reputed to be able to Turn rocks into replicators. Additionally, Pocket Books has published a series of eBooks and novels in the Starfleet Corps of Engineers series, Starfleet Intelligence is an intelligence agency of the United Federation of Planets
5.
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)
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USS Enterprise is a starship in the fictional Star Trek universe, depicted in four network television series, six feature films, and countless books and fan-created media. The ships design formed the basis for one of sci-fis most iconic images, though the ship has gone over many changes over the course of its television, a refit version of NCC-1701 appears in the first three Star Trek films. The 2009 Star Trek film, which place in an alternate timeline. The original starship was destroyed in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, Star Trek art director Matt Jefferies was the primary designer of the original Enterprise, which was originally named Yorktown in series creator Gene Roddenberrys first outline drafts of the series. Jefferies experience with aviation led to his Enterprise designs being imbued with what he called aircraft logic, the ships NCC-1701 registry number stemmed from NC being one of the international aircraft registration codes assigned to the United States, the second C was added for differentiation. According to The Making of Star Trek, NCC is the Starfleet abbreviation for Naval Construction Contract, the 1701 was chosen to avoid any possible ambiguity, according to Jefferies, the numbers 3,6,8, and 9 are too easily confused. Other sources cite it as a reference to the house across the street from where Roddenberry grew up, Jefferies own sketches provide the explanation that it was his 17th cruiser design with the first serial number of that series,1701. The Making of Star Trek explains that USS should mean United Space Ship, however, the decals included with the AMT USS Enterprise model kit permitted the builder to customize the ship as any of the twelve starships in the class. As the lowest hull number is NCC-1700, USS Constitution, it is accepted that Constitution is the class leader. The first miniature built for the pilot episode The Cage was unlit and approximately 33 inches long, initially, the models were static and had no electronics. For the second pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before, various details of the 11-foot model were altered, when the series was picked up and went into production, the model was altered yet again. Save for re-used footage from the two episodes, this was the appearance of the ship throughout the series, except for some detail added to nacelles for shots used in The Trouble with Tribbles. Two small models were made for the episode Catspaw, one embedded in a block of lucite. Greg Jein created a model of the original Enterprise for the Star Trek, Deep Space Nine episode Trials, jeins model was built to be exactly half the size of the larger of the two original models, and later appeared in the 1998 Star Trek wall calendar. The refit Enterprise that appears in the first three Star Trek films was designed by Richard Taylor, the ship was based on conceptual sketches done by Jeffries for the scrapped Star Trek, Phase II TV series. The 8-foot model was re-used as the USS Enterprise-A in the fourth, fifth, foundation Imaging created a CGI model of the ship for the Directors Edition release of Star Trek, The Motion Picture to add footage envisioned but never shot by director Robert Wise. Enterprise was redesigned for the 2009 Star Trek film, director J. J. Abrams wanted Enterprise to have a hot rod look while retaining the traditional shape, but otherwise afforded Industrial Light & Magic tremendous leeway in creating the ship. Perhaps the most notable change was in the engine cells
6.
Star Trek uniforms
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Star Trek uniforms are worn by crew members in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. Though design varied among the successive costume designers, the uniforms costumes, costumes were re-designed to improve appearance when filmed and to improve the comfort for actors. Deliberately mixing styles of uniforms from the series was occasionally used to enhance the sense of time travel or alternative universes. The rank system of the Star Trek universe resembles that of the United States Navy, in later television series, ranks are indicated by varying numbers of pips or bars on the individuals uniform collars. The insignia are worn on the left breast by all personnel, originally gold with a black border, but the shape differed based on the ship or base to which the person was assigned as seen in TOS episodes Court Martial, The Doomsday Machine, etc. In the case of the Enterprise, the insignia was a delta or arrowhead shape, in the second pilot, the science/medical and engineering/operations symbols were reversed, and there were other slight variations between the insignia as used in the pilots and in the regular series. A rank of captain is mentioned in two episodes, but no insignia are shown. The original uniform designs were the product of designer William Ware Theiss, the original series uniforms consisted of a colored top and dark pants, with significant variations between the designs used in the pilot episodes and the rest of the series. The original concept used a heavy, ribbed turtle neck collar of the color as the tunic for the men, with a cowl neck variation for the women. Officers in the first Star Trek pilot, The Cage, wear a single gold stripe, with only the officer grades lieutenant. A chief is also wearing a different sleeve stripe. Characters addressed as crewman wear no sleeve insignia, in the first pilot, the uniforms also include gray coats with silver rank stripes on the sleeves, worn on away missions and identical for men and women, and an optional gray cap. In the second episode, Where No Man Has Gone Before, most officers again wear a single stripe. The crew wore a triangular assignment patch that identified them as being with the USS Enterprise, personnel from other Starfleet vessels or Starfleet Command wore different assignment patches. Certain operations and engineering personnel wore red jumpsuits with black undershirts, the frequent death of red-uniformed security officers led to the coining of the popular term redshirt. The most commonly used command division shirts were actually green but appeared gold under the lights used on the set, in later series, the gold color was canonized in dialog. The green tunics may have the stripes on the sleeves or on the collar. The differently colored tunics were worn with dark gray trousers — which appeared black on camera — for the men, miniskirt length dresses with dark tights were worn by the women
7.
Star Trek: The Original Series
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Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that follows the adventures of the starship USS Enterprise and its crew. It later acquired the retronym of Star Trek, The Original Series to distinguish the show within the franchise that it began. The show is set in the Milky Way galaxy, roughly during the 2260s, the ship and crew are led by Captain James T. Kirk, first officer and science officer Spock, and chief medical officer Leonard McCoy. Shatners voice-over introduction during each episodes opening credits stated the purpose, Space. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise and its five-year mission, to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before. The series was produced from September 1966 to December 1967 by Norway Productions and Desilu Productions, Star Trek aired on NBC from September 8,1966 to June 3,1969 and was actually seen first on September 6,1966, on Canadas CTV network. Star Treks Nielsen ratings while on NBC were low, and the network cancelled it after three seasons and 79 episodes. Several years later, the became a bona fide hit in broadcast syndication, remaining so throughout the 1970s, achieving cult classic status. The series contains significant elements of Space Western, as described by Gene Roddenberry, on March 11,1964, Gene Roddenberry, a long-time fan of science fiction, drafted a short treatment for a science-fiction television series that he called Star Trek. This was to be set on board a large interstellar spaceship S. S. Yorktown in the 23rd century, whose crew was dedicated to exploring a small portion of our galaxy. Some of the influences on his idea that Roddenberry noted included A. E. van Vogts tales of the spaceship Space Beagle, Eric Frank Russells Marathon series of stories, and the film Forbidden Planet. Roddenberry also drew heavily from C. S. Foresters Horatio Hornblower novels that depict a sea captain who exercises broad discretionary authority on distant sea missions of noble purpose. Roddenberry often humorously referred to Captain Kirk as Horatio Hornblower in Space, Roddenberry had extensive experience in writing for series about the Old West that had been popular television fare earlier in the 1960s and the 1950s. Armed with this background, the first draft deliberately characterizes the new show as Wagon Train to the stars. Like the familiar Wagon Train, each episode was to be an adventure story, set within the overarching structure of a continuing journey. With the notable exception of Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, all future television, in Roddenberrys original concept, the protagonist was Captain Robert April of the starship S. S. Yorktown. This character was developed into Captain Christopher Pike, first portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter, in April 1964, Roddenberry presented the Star Trek draft to Desilu Productions, a leading independent television production company. He met with Herb Solow, Desilus Director of Production, Solow saw promise in the idea and signed a three-year program-development contract with Roddenberry
8.
Christopher Pike (Star Trek)
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Christopher Pike is a character in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. He was portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter in the original Star Trek pilot episode, The Cage, the pilot was rejected, and the character was dropped during development of the second pilot when Hunter decided that he did not want to continue with the series. Sean Kenney portrayed Pike in new footage filmed for a subsequent Star Trek episode, The Menagerie, Bruce Greenwood portrays Pike in the 2009 film Star Trek and its 2013 sequel, Star Trek Into Darkness. According to dialogue in The Cage, he is from the city of Mojave on Earth, Pike is the second captain of the USS Enterprise NCC-1701 and the first to be shown in Star Trek canon. The animated Star Trek series reveals that Captain Robert April predated Pike, Pike took command of the USS Enterprise in the year 2252, at the age of 38, taking over command from Robert April, who commanded the Enterprise for nine years. Meanwhile, the Enterprise is en route to Vega Colony to drop off wounded crew members when it receives a call from the survey vessel SS Columbia. Pike orders the ship diverted to Talos IV to rescue survivors, Pike soon learns that all but one of the survivors are illusions created by the Talosians in order to lure the Enterprise crew to Talos IV. The Talosians make every effort to provide sexual fantasies that they hope will appeal to Pike, using Vina, the only real Columbia survivor, as the object of desire. After Pike escapes from his cell with the aid of his first officer, Number One, and Yeoman J. M. Colt. The Talosians saved her life after the Columbia crashed, but they had no guide on how to repair a human body, Pike requests that the Talosians restore her illusion of beauty and the Enterprise leaves Talos IV. At some point prior to The Menagerie, Pike is promoted to fleet captain and his only means of communicating is through a light on the chair, one flash meaning yes and two flashes indicating no. In The Menagerie, the Enterprise, now under the command of Captain James T. Kirk, Spock undergoes court-martial, with his evidence presented during the trial being footage from The Cage. At the two-part episodes conclusion, it is revealed that the procedure was a Talosian-generated illusion to ensure that the Enterprise reached Talos. The Talosians invite Captain Pike to spend the remainder of his life among them, unfettered by his natural body, Pike accepts the offer and Spock, now cleared of all charges, sees him off. The Talosians then show Captain Kirk an image of Pike in perfect health, Pike is referenced in the episode Mirror, Mirror. An alternate-universe version of Captain Kirk reportedly assassinated Pike to become captain of the ISS Enterprise. In the Star Trek, The Next Generation episode The Most Toys, Captain Pike appears in the 2009 reboot Star Trek, this time portrayed by Bruce Greenwood. In the film, Pike encourages a young, directionless James T, Kirk to follow in the footsteps of his hero father and enlist in Starfleet
9.
Spock
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Spock, commonly Mr. Spock, is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. In addition, numerous actors portrayed the various stages of Spocks rapid growth, due to the effects of the Genesis Planet, in the 1984 Star Trek film Star Trek III, The Search for Spock. In the 2009 film Star Trek, Nimoy reprised his role with Zachary Quinto, both reprised their roles in the 2013 sequel Star Trek Into Darkness and Quinto reprised his role again in 2016s Star Trek Beyond. Spock serves aboard the starship Enterprise, as officer and first officer. Spocks mixed human-Vulcan heritage serves as an important plot element in many of the characters appearances, Kirk and Dr. Leonard Bones McCoy, he is one of the three central characters in the original Star Trek series and its films. After retiring from Starfleet, Spock serves as a Federation ambassador, born to the Vulcan Sarek and the human Amanda Grayson, Spock has a troubled childhood due to his mixed heritage. On his homeworld, he was bullied and tormented by full-blooded Vulcan children. For a time, he grew up alongside his older half-brother Sybok, in the episode Amok Time, it is revealed that Spock became betrothed to TPring during his childhood. Sarek supported Spocks scientific learning and supporting his application to the Vulcan Science Academy, in the 2009 film Star Trek, Spock is seen rejecting his acceptance into the Vulcan Science Academy on the basis that they would never fully accept someone who was only half-Vulcan. Because Spock did not enter the VSA, and sought to join Starfleet instead, Spock appeared as the science officer on the USS Enterprise in the first pilot for the series, The Cage. Spock was one of the members of the team who joined Captain Christopher Pike on a mission to Talos IV in order to investigate a distress call. Spock did appear in the pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before. During the events of that pilot, Spock became concerned at the risk to the ship posed by Lieutenant Commander Gary Mitchell, the earliest appearance of Spock in the series as broadcast was The Man Trap, the first such episode. When he needs to knock out a version of Kirk in The Enemy Within. Together with Chief Engineer Montgomery Scotty Scott work together to rejoin the good and evil versions of the Captain, during Miri, he finds himself to be the only member of the landing party to be immune to the physical affects of the disease affecting human adults on the planet. However, he realises that he is probably a carrier and could infect the Enterprise if he were to return, doctor Leonard McCoy manages to devise a cure, allowing the team to return to the ship. When Simon van Gelder enters the bridge armed with a phaser in Dagger of the Mind and he later conducts a mind meld with van Gelder as part of the investigation into the activities of the nearby colony. After the power to the colony is shut down, and a force field drops
10.
James T. Kirk
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James Tiberius Jim Kirk is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. Kirk first appears in Star Trek, The Original Series and has portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes. As the captain of the starship USS Enterprise, Kirk leads his crew as they explore where no man has gone before, often, the characters of Spock and Leonard McCoy act as his logical and emotional sounding boards, respectively. Kirk, played by William Shatner, first appears in the broadcast pilot episode, The Man Trap, Shatner continued in the role for the shows three seasons, and later provided the voice of the animated version of Kirk in Star Trek, The Animated Series. Shatner returned to the role for Star Trek, The Motion Picture, chris Pine portrays a young version of the character in the 2009 reboot Star Trek film, with Jimmy Bennett playing Kirk as a child. Pine reprised his role in Star Trek Into Darkness and in Star Trek Beyond, other actors have played the character in fan-created media, and the character has been the subject of multiple spoofs and satires. The character has been praised for his leadership traits and criticized for his relationships with women, James Tiberius Kirk was born in Riverside, Iowa, where he was raised by his parents, George and Winona Kirk. Although born on Earth, Kirk lived for a time on Tarsus IV, James Kirks brother, George Samuel Kirk, is first mentioned in What Are Little Girls Made Of. and introduced and killed in Operation, Annihilate. Kirk was granted a commission as an ensign and posted to advanced training aboard the USS Republic. He was then promoted to lieutenant junior grade and returned to Starfleet Academy as a student instructor, students could either think or sink in his class, and Kirk himself was a stack of books with legs. Upon graduating in the top five percent, Kirk was promoted to lieutenant and he received his first command, a spaceship roughly equivalent to a destroyer, while still quite young. Kirk became Starfleets youngest captain after receiving command of the USS Enterprise for a five-year mission, Kirks most significant relationships in the television series are with first officer Spock and chief medical officer Dr. Leonard Bones McCoy. McCoy is someone to whom Kirk unburdens himself and is a foil to Spock, robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrences The Myth of the American Superhero describes Kirk as a hard-driving leader who pushes himself and his crew beyond human limits. Terry J. Erdman and Paula M, although Kirk throughout the series becomes romantically involved with various women, when confronted with a choice between a woman and the Enterprise, his ship always won. Roddenberry wrote in a memo that Kirk is not afraid of being fallible. J. M. Dillards novel The Lost Years describes Kirks promotion to rear admiral, in Star Trek, The Motion Picture, Kirk is chief of Starfleet operations, and he takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Willard Decker. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberrys novelization of The Motion Picture depicts Kirk married to a Starfleet officer killed during a transporter accident. At the beginning of Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan, Kirk takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Spock to pursue his enemy from Space Seed, the movie introduces Kirks son, David Marcus
11.
Christine Chapel
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Portrayed by Majel Barrett, she was the ships nurse on board the Starfleet starship USS Enterprise. Barrett had previously been cast under her name as Number One in the first pilot for the series, The Cage. But following feedback from the Network executives, she was not in the cast for the second pilot, the character made her first appearance in The Naked Time following a re-write of the script by Roddenberry. He had been inspired after Barrett read a proposal for the episode What Are Little Girls Made Of. the change of color caused Roddenberry to believe that NBC executives might not notice that Barrett had returned against their wishes. The character was featured in episodes covering several broad themes, such as showing her feelings for Spock. By the time of The Motion Picture, Chapel was a Doctor and during the events of The Voyage Home, she was stationed at Starfleet Command. Executive producer Robert H. Justman was initially critical of Barrett’s performance as Chapel, Barrett herself was not fond of the Chapel character, and David Gerrold felt that she only served to demonstrate Spocks emotionless behavior. Critics saw the character as being a degradation for Barrett compared to her first character, while the position of nurse was seen as a stereotype, the characters promotion to doctor was praised. Among fans, she was unpopular due to her feelings for Spock. Prior to working on Star Trek, Gene Roddenberry had been developing a variety of pilots for Screen Gems. One actress he auditioned was Majel Leigh Hudec, later to use the name Majel Barrett, later when he created the drama series The Lieutenant, he cast her in the episode In the Highest Tradition. They quickly became friends, and entered into a relationship although Roddenberry was married at the time. During the development of the first pilot for Star Trek, The Original Series, there was reluctance from the NBC executives to agree to an actress who was almost unknown. Roddenberry did see other actresses for the part, but no one else was considered, executive producer Herbert Franklin Solow attempted to sell them on the idea that a fresh face would bring believability to the part, but they were aware that she was Roddenberrys girlfriend. Despite this they agreed to her casting, not wanting to upset Roddenberry at this point in the production, after the pilot was rejected, a second pilot was produced. While it was explained that the network disliked a female character as the second-in-command of the Enterprise. He explained that No one liked her acting and she was a nice woman, but the reality was, she couldnt act. Where No Man Has Gone Before successfully took Star Trek to a series order, Barrett had been given the role of voicing the computer on the USS Enterprise, but was demanding that Roddenberry write her into the main cast
12.
Lwaxana Troi
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This is a list of characters from the science fiction television series Star Trek, The Next Generation. Characters are ordered alphabetically by name, and only characters who played a significant recurring role in the series are listed. Lieutenant Commander Jack R. Crusher was portrayed by actor Doug Wert, dead before the series beginning, Crusher is the late husband to Beverly Crusher and father of Wesley Crusher, and former second officer aboard the USS Stargazer, Jean-Luc Picards first command. He was killed in action at the age of 32 Earth years, Crusher assured Picard she had signed on the Enterprise-D voluntarily and not due to Picards influence. Jack Crusher once made a recording of himself in which he explained his life. Crusher intended this to be the first in a series of messages, one couple of years. By the time Wesley first got to view the recording, Jack was already long dead and she also appears in the TNG films Star Trek Generations and Star Trek, Nemesis but is uncredited in both. The character first appears in the opening episode The Child. She is said to have the closest relationship with Jean-Luc Picard, Goldberg hoped to play the new ships doctor after Gates McFadden was fired, but the producers did not see her as suitable for the role. They did not think a suitable role could be created, until Goldberg said that she did not care how big or small the role was, even if she just swept the floor in the background. It was from this they decided to give her the role of a bartender and her people, the El-Aurians, are sometimes called the listeners. As a refugee aboard the El-Aurian vessel Lakul, she is rescued from the Nexus by the USS Enterprise-B in the film Star Trek Generations, in Q Who, Guinan states that when the Borg destroyed her homeworld her people were scattered throughout the galaxy. The subsequent diaspora and reintegration of her people, and even their traditional clothing and her species is long-lived, and she is somewhere between 500 and 700 years old when she joins the Enterprise-D. Times Arrow, Part I reveals that she visited Earth in 1891, Guinan reveals in Star Trek, Nemesis that she has been married 23 times. She states in Evolution that she has children, including a son who went through a phase when he wouldnt listen to anybody – something unusual in a species of listeners. Her wise counsel occasionally proves to be valuable to the crew. In one episode, for example, she tries to show Troi that she has other abilities she can use when Trois confidence is shaken because her telepathic powers stop working temporarily. In particular, she and Picard are especially close, to where they trust one another implicitly and she does indicate that Picard stood by her at a time when she was in serious trouble and that their relationship is beyond friendship, beyond family
13.
Star Trek: The Next Generation
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Star Trek, The Next Generation is an American science fiction television series in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry that ran between 1987 and 1994. Roddenberry, Maurice Hurley, Rick Berman, Michael Piller and Jeri Taylor served as producers at different times throughout its production. The series involves a starship named Enterprise and is set in the regions of the Milky Way galaxy. The first episode takes place in the year 2364,100 years after the start of the mission described in the original series. It features a new cast and a new starship Enterprise, the fifth to bear the name within the franchises storyline and these are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its continuing mission, to strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations. TNG premiered the week of September 28,1987, drawing 27 million viewers, in total,176 episodes were made, ending with the two-hour finale All Good Things. The week of May 23,1994, the series was broadcast in first-run syndication with dates and times varying among individual television stations. Three additional Star Trek spin-offs followed The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, Star Trek, Voyager, and Star Trek, Enterprise. The series formed the basis for the seventh through to the tenth of the Star Trek films, and is also the setting of novels, comic books. In its seventh season, Star Trek, The Next Generation became the first, the series received a number of accolades including 19 Emmy Awards, two Hugo Awards, five Saturn Awards, and a Peabody Award. The series follows the adventures of a crew on board the starship USS Enterprise, the fifth Federation vessel to bear the name and registry. The series is set about 70 years after the mission of the original Enterprise crew under the command of James T. Kirk. Beverly Crusher, conn officer Lieutenant Geordi La Forge, and junior officer Lieutenant Worf, the death of Lieutenant Yar in the series first season prompts an internal shuffle of personnel, making Worf official chief of security. Geordi La Forge is promoted to engineer at the beginning of season 2. The series begins with the crew of the Enterprise-D put on trial by a nefarious, the god-like entity threatens the extinction of mankind for being a race of savages, forcing them to solve a mystery at nearby Farpoint Station to prove their worthiness to be spared. After successfully solving the mystery and avoiding disaster, the crew departs on its mission to explore strange new worlds. Subsequent stories focus on the discovery of new life and sociological and political relationships with alien cultures, several new species are introduced as recurring antagonists, including the Ferengi, the Cardassian, and the Borg
14.
The Menagerie (Star Trek: The Original Series)
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The Menagerie is a two-part episode of the American science fiction television series, Star Trek. It consists of episodes 11 and 12 of the shows first season and is the only story in the original series. Part one of the episode was broadcast on November 17,1966, NBC repeated the two shows on May 18 and 25,1967. The episode was written by Gene Roddenberry, incorporating The Cage into the two-part episode, The Menagerie, was actually a solution to a large and growing problem with the shows production. Its special effects, unprecedented for a television production, were causing delays in the completion of each episode. The problem was cumulative, with shows getting delivered to NBC later and later, at its worst, episodes were being delivered to NBC only three days before their scheduled Thursday airing. Sensing impending disaster, Roddenberry solved the problem by writing an episode that needed only one week of production. He did this by writing an entirely new story, so that The Cage would serve as a backstory for the starship Enterprises early history. New footage would be combined with the old and placed into the continuity of the overall Star Trek storyline, the Menagerie won a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. This episode also served as the inspiration for the reality distortion field. Pike refuses to communicate with anyone except Spock, and Kirk and Mendez leave to discuss the situation, once they are gone, Spock informs Pike he will be taking him regardless of Starfleets orders. He overwhelms Pikes guards and takes him aboard the Enterprise, and through a series of deceptions, meanwhile, Mendez and Kirk are concerned with Spocks behavior and find that there was no record of Spock receiving any message. Mendez provides Kirk with classified information on Talos IV, a planet that was visited by the Enterprise previously under Pikes command and they are made aware of the departure of the Enterprise, and the two give chase in a Starbase shuttlecraft. When Spock learns they are trailing the Enterprise, he has them brought aboard and then gives himself up, the crew finds they are unable to stop the current course of the Enterprise, which Spock affirms is heading towards Talos IV. Mendez demands a hearing be held, which requires three command officers. Kirk objects that only he and Mendez are present, but Spock notes that Pike also is a command officer still listed for active duty, the tribunal begins, and Spock offers as his testimony video footage of the Enterprises earlier visit to Talos IV. In the original mission, the Enterprise traveled to Talos IV in response to a call from the survey ship Columbia. Pike, Spock and an away team beam down to the planet and they find a number of survivors including a young woman named Vina, who was born shortly after the crash of Columbia
15.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
16.
Gene Roddenberry
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Eugene Wesley Gene Roddenberry was an American television screenwriter and producer. He is best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series, born in El Paso, Texas, Roddenberry grew up in Los Angeles, where his father was a police officer. Roddenberry flew 89 combat missions in the Army Air Forces during World War II, later, he followed in his fathers footsteps and joined the Los Angeles Police Department, where he also began to write scripts for television. As a freelance writer, Roddenberry wrote scripts for Highway Patrol, Have Gun–Will Travel, in 1964, Roddenberry created Star Trek, which premiered in 1966 and ran for three seasons before being canceled. He then worked on projects, including a string of failed television pilots. The syndication of Star Trek led to its popularity, this, in turn, resulted in the Star Trek feature films, on which Roddenberry continued to produce. He continued to consult on the series until his death in 1991, years after his death, Roddenberry was one of the first humans to have his ashes carried into earth orbit. The popularity of the Star Trek universe and films has inspired films, books, comic books, video games, and fan films set in the Star Trek universe. Roddenberry was born on August 19,1921, in his parents rented home in El Paso, Texas, the family moved to Los Angeles in 1923 after Genes father passed the Civil Service test and was given a police commission there. During his childhood, Roddenberry was interested in reading, especially magazines, and was a fan of stories such as John Carter of Mars, Tarzan. Roddenberry majored in science at Los Angeles City College, where he began dating Eileen-Anita Rexroat. He obtained a license through the United States Army Air Corps-sponsored Civilian Pilot Training Program. He enlisted with the USAAC on December 18,1941, and he graduated from the USAAC on August 5,1942, when he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He was posted to Bellows Field, Oahu, to join the 394th Bomb Squadron, 5th Bombardment Group, of the Thirteenth Air Force, which flew the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. On August 2,1943, while flying out of Espiritu Santo, the plane Roddenberry was piloting overshot the runway by 500 feet and impacted trees, crushing the nose, the official report absolved Roddenberry of any responsibility. Roddenberry spent the remainder of his career in the United States. He was involved in a plane crash, this time as a passenger. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal, in 1945, Roddenberry began flying for Pan American World Airways, including routes from New York to Johannesburg or Calcutta, the two longest Pan Am routes at the time
17.
Jean-Luc Picard
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Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise, most often seen as Captain of the starship USS Enterprise-D. He is most notably portrayed by actor Patrick Stewart, after the success of the contemporary Star Trek feature films, a new Star Trek television series featuring a new cast was announced on October 10,1986. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry named Picard for one or both of the twin brothers Auguste Piccard and Jean Felix Piccard, 20th-century Swiss scientists, Patrick Stewart, who has a background of theatre at the Royal Shakespeare Company, was initially considered for the role of Data. Roddenberry did not want to cast Stewart as Picard, since he had envisioned an actor who was masculine, virile and he had his toupee delivered from London to meet with Paramount executives, but Roddenberry ordered Stewart to remove the awful looking hairpiece. Stewarts stentorian voice impressed the executives, who approved the casting. As the series progressed, Stewart exercised more control over the characters development, there was a sort of double action that occurred. In one sense Picard was expanding like this and at the time he was also growing closer and closer to me as well. I became a better listener than I ever had been as a result of playing Jean Luc Picard because it was one of the things that he does terrifically well, Stewart stated, however, that he is not nearly as serious or brooding as his alter ego. Stewart also stated, One of the delights of having done this series, several years after the series has ended. I enjoy hearing how much people enjoyed the work we did and its always gratifying to me that this bald, middle-aged Englishman seems to connect with them. Stewart has also commented that his role has helped open up Shakespeare to science fiction fans. He has noted the presence of Trekkies in the audience whenever he plays theater. And they say, Ive never seen Shakespeare before, I didnt think Id understand it, jean-Luc Picard was born to Maurice and Yvette Picard in La Barre, France, on 13 July 2305, and he dreamed of joining Starfleet. He and the rest of his family speak English, with English accents—the French language having become obscure by the 24th century, as mentioned in the Next Generation episode Code of Honor. Shortly after graduation, Picard was stabbed in the heart by a Nausicaan, leaving the organ irreparable and requiring replacement with a parthenogenetic implant, Picard eventually served as first officer aboard the USS Stargazer, which he later commanded. During that time, he invented a warp-speed starship battle tactic that would become known as the Picard Maneuver, though such resolutions are usually peaceful, Picard is also shown using his remarkable tactical cunning in situations when it is required. Picard has a fondness for stories, Shakespearean drama. He is frequently shown drinking Earl Grey tea and issuing the order, Make it so, or, Star Trek, The Next Generation depicts Picards command of the USS Enterprise
18.
Bryan Fuller
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Bryan Fuller is an American screenwriter and television producer. Fuller has worked exclusively as a writer/producer in television, creating a number of acclaimed television series, including Dead Like Me, Wonderfalls, Pushing Daisies. Fuller was born in Lewiston, Idaho and raised in Clarkston, Washington, after graduating from Clarkston High School, Fuller attended Lewis–Clark State College in Lewiston, Idaho. He later transferred to the USC School of Cinematic Arts, but dropped out, Fuller is himself a fan of science fiction, and in an interview said that his favorite Star Trek series were the 1960s original, followed by Deep Space Nine, The Next Generation and Voyager. Fuller has called DS9 his favorite spin-off, stating, There were lots of new and innovative things going on during Deep Space Nine, Fuller worked on the DS9 episodes The Darkness and the Light and Empok Nor. Fuller wrote the teleplay for the 2002 adaptation of Carrie, based on the novel of the name by Stephen King. Next, he created Dead Like Me which ran on Showtime for two seasons from 2003 to 2004, although Fuller left early into the first season. He then co-created Wonderfalls with Todd Holland, which ran on Fox in 2004, with four episodes being aired. Near the end of 2004, Fuller got a commitment from NBC for The Assistants. In 2005, Fuller wrote the pilot to the animated comedy The Amazing Screw-On Head for the Sci Fi Channel and he next worked on NBC series Heroes, where he joined as a consulting producer after the pilot and became a co-executive producer for the first season. He also wrote a couple episodes for Heroes, including Company Man which TV Guide named one of the 100 greatest episodes in television history. Next he created Pushing Daisies, about a pie-maker who can bring things back to life temporarily. On July 17,2008 the show was nominated for twelve Emmy Awards from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, including one for Fuller for Outstanding Writing of a Comedy Series. It ultimately won seven Emmy Awards, for Best Supporting Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Costume, Best Music, Best Make-Up, Best Editing, the second season of Pushing Daisies began October 1,2008 on ABC. In mid-November, ABC announced that it would not order new episodes for two after the 13th. The seriess final episode aired on June 13,2009, with the cancellation of Pushing Daisies, Fuller signed a seven-figure, two-year deal with Universal Media Studios. He rejoined the staff of Heroes for the 20th episode of the third season. After working on some of the arcs for the next season of Heroes
19.
Rutgers University
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Rutgers was chartered as Queens College on November 10,1766. It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution, for most of its existence, Rutgers was a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church. The college expanded its role in research and instruction in agriculture, engineering and it gained university status in 1924 with the introduction of graduate education and further expansion. However, Rutgers evolved into a public research university after being designated The State University of New Jersey by the New Jersey Legislature in laws enacted in 1945 and 1956. It is one of two colonial colleges that later became public universities. Rutgers has three campuses located throughout New Jersey, the New Brunswick campus in New Brunswick and adjacent Piscataway, the Newark campus, the university has additional facilities elsewhere in New Jersey. Instruction is offered by 9,000 faculty members in 175 academic departments to over 45,000 undergraduate students and more than 20,000 graduate, through several years of effort by the Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen and Rev. The Grammar School, today the private Rutgers Preparatory School, was a part of the community until 1959. New Brunswick was chosen as the location over Hackensack because the New Brunswick Dutch had the support of the Anglican population, despite the religious nature of the early college, the first classes were held at a tavern called the Sign of the Red Lion. When the Revolutionary War broke out and taverns were suspected by the British as being hotbeds of rebel activity, in its early years, due to a lack of funds, Queens College was closed for two extended periods. Early trustees considered merging the college with the College of New Jersey, in Princeton, in 1808, after raising $12,000, the college was temporarily reopened and broke ground on a building of its own, called Old Queens, designed by architect John McComb, Jr. The colleges third president, the Rev. Ira Condict, laid the cornerstone on April 27,1809, shortly after, the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, founded in 1784, relocated from Brooklyn, New York, to New Brunswick, and shared facilities with Queens College. During those formative years, all three institutions fit into Old Queens, in 1830, the Queens College Grammar School moved across the street, and in 1856, the Seminary relocated to a seven-acre tract less than one-half miles away. According to the Board of Trustees, Colonel Rutgers was honored because he epitomized Christian values, the Rutgers Scientific School would expand over the years to grow into the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and divide into the College of Engineering and the College of Agriculture. Rutgers created the New Jersey College for Women in 1918, with the development of graduate education, and the continued expansion of the institution, the collection of schools became Rutgers University in 1924. Rutgers College continued as an arts college within the university. Rutgers was designated the State University of New Jersey by acts of the New Jersey Legislature in 1945 and 1956, shortly after, the University of Newark was merged with Rutgers in 1946, as were the College of South Jersey and South Jersey Law School, in 1950. These two institutions became Rutgers University–Newark and Rutgers University–Camden, respectively, on September 10,1970, after much debate, the Board of Governors voted to admit women into Rutgers College
20.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
21.
Science Fiction Studies
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Science Fiction Studies is an academic journal founded in 1973 by R. D. Mullen. The journal is published three times per year at DePauw University, as the name implies, the journal publishes articles and book reviews on science fiction, but also occasionally on fantasy and horror when the topic also covers some aspect of science fiction as well. Known as one of the academic publications of its type. SFS has had three different institutional homes during its lifetime and it was founded in 1973 at Indiana State University by the late English professor Dr. R. D. Mullen, where it remained for approximately five years. In 1978, it moved to McGill University and then to Concordia University in Montreal, Canada, SFS was brought back to Indiana to DePauw University in 1992 where it has remained ever since. The parent company of SFS is SF-TH Inc. a not-for-profit corporation established under the laws of the State of Indiana, Dr. Arthur B. Evans serves as president of SF-TH Inc. and managing editor of SFS. The other senior editors of SFS are Dr. Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Dr. Joan Gordon, Dr. Veronica Hollinger, Dr. Rob Latham and Dr. Sherryl Vint, and Dr. Carol McGuirk. SFS is refereed, very selective, and its 900+ subscription base includes institutions and individuals in the US and Canada, SFS has been called the world’s most respected journal for the critical study of science fiction. Science Fiction Studies has charted the course for the most hard-core science fiction critics and that focus has earned the journal its reputation as the most theoretical scholarly publication in the field, as well as the most daring”. He concluded that “Science Fiction Studies … has always been resolutely academic, SFS appears three times per year and averages 150-200 pages. Special issues follow the format but are usually guest-edited. Recent special issue topics include Technoculture and Science Fiction, Afrofuturism, Latin American Science Fiction, a regular rotation of open and special issues has characterized the journal’s publication schedule from the outset, roughly one-third of its 105 issues have been special issues. These special issues often have a impact on the field, setting critical agendas. Guest editors are drawn from the board of 37 scholars. SFS can be subscribed to separately, and a subscription is included with membership in the Science Fiction Research Association, extrapolation Femspec Foundation, The International Review of Science Fiction Official site
22.
JSTOR
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JSTOR is a digital library founded in 1995. Originally containing digitized back issues of journals, it now also includes books and primary sources. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals, more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries have access to JSTOR, most access is by subscription, but some older public domain content is freely available to anyone. William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, JSTOR originally was conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term, online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically. Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution, JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its sites. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear, with the success of this limited project, Bowen and Kevin Guthrie, then-president of JSTOR, wanted to expand the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the Royal Society of London and an agreement was made to digitize the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society dating from its beginning in 1665, the work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by December 2000. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded JSTOR initially, until January 2009 JSTOR operated as an independent, self-sustaining nonprofit organization with offices in New York City and in Ann Arbor, Michigan. JSTOR content is provided by more than 900 publishers, the database contains more than 1,900 journal titles, in more than 50 disciplines. Each object is identified by an integer value, starting at 1. In addition to the site, the JSTOR labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of corpus analysis at its Data for Research service. This site offers a facility with graphical indication of the article coverage. Users may create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and n-gram frequencies and they are notified when the dataset is ready and may download it in either XML or CSV formats. The service does not offer full-text, although academics may request that from JSTOR, JSTOR Plant Science is available in addition to the main site. The materials on JSTOR Plant Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative and are only to JSTOR
23.
Wiki
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A wiki is a website that provides collaborative modification of its content and structure directly from the web browser. In a typical wiki, text is written using a markup language. A wiki is run using wiki software, otherwise known as a wiki engine, there are dozens of different wiki engines in use, both standalone and part of other software, such as bug tracking systems. Some wiki engines are open source, whereas others are proprietary, some permit control over different functions, for example, editing rights may permit changing, adding or removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control, other rules may also be imposed to organize content. Wikipedia is not a wiki but rather a collection of hundreds of wikis. There are at least tens of thousands of other wikis in use, both public and private, including functioning as knowledge management resources, notetaking tools, community websites. The English-language Wikipedia has the largest collection of articles, as of September 2016, ward Cunningham, the developer of the first wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, originally described it as the simplest online database that could possibly work. Wiki is a Hawaiian word meaning quick, Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different pages by making page link creation intuitively easy and showing whether an intended target page exists or not. A wiki is not a carefully crafted site created by experts and professional writers, instead, it seeks to involve the typical visitor/user in an ongoing process of creation and collaboration that constantly changes the website landscape. A wiki enables communities of editors and contributors to write documents collaboratively, all that people require to contribute is a computer, Internet access, a web browser and a basic understanding of a simple markup language. A single page in a website is referred to as a wiki page, while the entire collection of pages. A wiki is essentially a database for creating, browsing, a wiki allows non-linear, evolving, complex and networked text, while also allowing for editor argument, debate and interaction regarding the content and formatting. A defining characteristic of wiki technology is the ease with which pages can be created and updated, generally, there is no review by a moderator or gatekeeper before modifications are accepted and thus lead to changes on the website. Many wikis are open to alteration by the public without requiring registration of user accounts. Many edits can be made in real-time and appear almost instantly online, however, this feature facilitates abuse of the system. Private wiki servers require user authentication to edit pages, and sometimes even to read them, maged N. Kamel Boulos, Cito Maramba and Steve Wheeler write that the open wikis produce a process of Social Darwinism. Unfit sentences and sections are ruthlessly culled, edited and replaced if they are not considered fit, while such openness may invite vandalism and the posting of untrue information, this same openness also makes it possible to rapidly correct or restore a quality wiki page
24.
Zefram Cochrane
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Zefram Cochrane is a fictional character in the Star Trek universe. Created by writer Gene L. Coon, the character first appeared in the 1967 Star Trek episode Metamorphosis, James Cromwell later played Cochrane in the 1996 feature film Star Trek, First Contact and the 2001 Star Trek, Enterprise pilot, Broken Bow. Footage of Cromwell from Star Trek, First Contact was used in the Enterprise episode In a Mirror, Darkly, Cochrane was born in 2030, according to Star Trek, First Contact. He constructed humanitys first warp-capable vessel, the Phoenix, in Bozeman, Montana and he started the project for financial gain, and found the accounts of his future accolades as told by the crew of the Enterprise-E from the future deeply disturbing. On April 5,2063, Cochrane made Earths first warp flight, the Phoenixs warp flight was detected by a Vulcan survey ship, the TPlana Hath, which then makes peaceful first contact with humans, including Cochrane, at the Phoenixs launch site. The aphorism Dont try to be a man, just be a man. And let history make its own judgments, is attributed to Cochrane, who is said to have uttered it in 2073. The Phoenixs launch facility became a historical monument, a 20-meter marble statue was erected there, depicting Cochrane heroically reaching toward the future. Cochranes name became revered among humans, with universities, cities. Enterprise-D and Enterprise-E Chief Engineer Geordi La Forge, for example, according to the original Star Trek episode Metamorphosis, Cochrane was presumed dead after disappearing from Alpha Centauri in 2117. James T. Nancy Hedford, who was traveling with the three Starfleet officers, is an ill Federation commissioner, the Companion, who loves Cochrane, merges with the commissioner, ridding her of her illness and providing the Companion with a corporeal form. The combined entity no longer has power to force Cochrane to stay with her, before departing, Kirk, Spock and McCoy promise not to reveal Cochranes existence. In the Mirror Universe, rather than reciprocating the Vulcans peaceful greeting, Cochrane, humans conquer other worlds as part of the brutal Terran Empire. In Metamorphosis, Cochrane was played by Glenn Corbett, who was 34 at the time of that episodes airing. In Star Trek, First Contact, Cochrane was played by the 56-year-old James Cromwell, at a point when the character, in 2063, the novel suggested he retired to Alpha Centauri at some point between his first warp flight and his disappearance. This follows a suggestion made in the Star Trek Chronology, on the humans could not have settled the Alpha Centauri system prior to the warp drives invention. In the novel, Cochranes warp experiments are the result of a mysterious billionaires financial and his self-identification with Alpha Centauri results from it being the destination of his first warp voyage and his subsequent founding role in the first colony in the system. His lifes story beyond his encounter with Kirk at Gamma Canaris in Metamorphosis is depicted up to his death during the events of the season of Star Trek
25.
Gowron
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Gowron, son of MRel is a fictional character who appeared in the American science fiction television series Star Trek, The Next Generation and Star Trek, Deep Space Nine. Portrayed by Robert OReilly, he is the leader of the Klingon Empire, appearing first in Reunion, where he was named Chancellor, Gowron went on to cement his position against the challenge of the Duras family in the two part episode Redemption. Following the advice of Lt. Worf in Rightful Heir, he incorporated the clone of Kahless into the Klingon government without disrupting his own leadership. In Deep Space Nine, he brought the Klingons into a conflict with the Federation over fears that the Cardassians had been infiltrated by the Founders, after Cardassia sides with the Dominion, he allies with Starfleet throughout the rest of the war. However, he grows jealous of the success of General Martok. OReilly also appeared as the character in games, such as Star Trek, Klingon and Star Trek. Critics responded positively to his the appearances of the character, equating his actions to those of a politician and he listed in 20th place of a list of the best characters in the franchise by IGN, while Keith DeCandido called him one of the more memorable characters. Prior to his casting as Gowron, Robert OReilly appeared in the Star Trek, when casting was underway for the Jonathan Frakes directed episode Reunion, Frakes was looking for an actor who could portray a Klingon with a sense of humour. OReilly later remarked that he was considered because of what he called that crazy loon eyeball thing and he went directly from a performance of King Lear where he portrayed the character Edmund, and introduced elements of that character into the Klingon. OReilly described Gowrons initial appearances as being the one with honor. He felt that like Edmund, Gowron was an outsider who became a leader and he said that they were very, very similar in nature, and said that this set the character apart from the other Klingons who had appeared on the show until that point. OReilly made his first appearance in Star Trek, Deep Space Nine in the season episode The House of Quark. Outside of Star Trek, OReilly appeared in character for an advert for Hallmark Cards to promote a Klingon Bird of Prey starship Christmas ornament. OReilly said that When I got the script for The Way of the Warrior, I was thrilled to get the job, to work with Michael again and to see Gowron and Worf together. He praised the relationship between the characters of Worf and Gowron, saying always reminding Gowron about honor, but were on two different sides when it comes to honor. At the time he was confident that this wouldnt be Gowrons last appearance and it was Michael Pillers suggestion that Gowron should die, and this idea made its way into the episode via Moores screenplay. OReilly described Gowron at the end saying that He went out as bad, terrible Klingon, which I disagreed with strongly. Following the death of Gowron on screen, OReilly continued to attend Star Trek conventions in character, one of their trademarks is a song about Klingons, and OReilly has had a Batleth created to look like a stringed guitar
26.
Khan Noonien Singh
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Khan Noonien Singh, commonly shortened to Khan, is a fictional character in the Star Trek science fiction franchise. The character first appeared in the Star Trek, The Original Series episode Space Seed, in the 2013 film Star Trek Into Darkness, he is played by Benedict Cumberbatch. The character once controlled more than a quarter of the Earth during the Eugenics Wars of the 1990s, after being revived from suspended animation in 2267 by the crew of the Starship Enterprise, Khan attempts to capture the starship, but is thwarted by James T. Kirk and exiled on Ceti Alpha V to create a new society with his people, in Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan, set fifteen years after Space Seed, Khan escapes his exile and sets out to exact revenge upon Kirk. Harve Bennett, executive producer for Star Trek II, chose Khan as the villain for the film, to reflect the time spent marooned on an inhospitable world, Khan was given a costume that looked as though it had been scavenged from different items and showed off Montalbáns physique. Montalbáns portrayal has been received by critics and fans, Khan was voted one of the ten greatest film villains by the Online Film Critics Society. In Star Trek Into Darkness, set in the continuity established in Star Trek. Khan is given the false identity John Harrison and coerced by Admiral Marcus into building weapons for Starfleet in exchange for the lives of Khans crew and he ultimately rebels and comes into conflict with the crew of Enterprise. Khan makes his appearance in the episode Space Seed, first broadcast on February 16,1967. While most of the supermen were killed or sentenced to death, Botany Bay is discovered by the crew of the Starship Enterprise in 2267, with Khan and 72 of the 84 crew members of Botany Bay still alive, cryogenically frozen in suspended animation. When Khans sleep chamber malfunctions, he is transported to Enterprise, mcGivers agrees to help Khan revive the other supermen, allowing him to organize an attempted takeover. To coerce the Enterprise crew to cooperate with him, Khan places Captain James T, Kirk in the ships decompression chamber and threatens to kill Kirk unless the crew submits. McGivers cannot stand by as her Captain dies and frees Kirk, Khan heads to engineering and sets the ships engines to self-destruct, whereupon he is incapacitated by Kirk. Spock wonders what the seed Kirk has planted will bear in a hundred years, Khan returns in the 1982 feature film Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan. Captain Clark Terrell and First Officer Pavel Chekov of USS Reliant are searching for a world to test the Genesis device. They beam down to what they believe is Ceti Alpha VI, Khans followers capture Terrell and Chekov, and Khan explains that the barren world is Ceti Alpha V, the sixth planet of the system exploded shortly after Khan and his followers were marooned. Only twenty of Khans followers survive, swearing vengeance on Kirk, Khan implants Ceti eels in Terrell and Chekovs brains, rendering them vulnerable to suggestion. Khan then seizes control of Reliant, intent on capturing the Genesis device, Khan lures Enterprise to the space station Regula I, and he launches a surprise attack that disables Kirks ship
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Q (Star Trek)
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Q is a fictional character in Star Trek, The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, and Star Trek, Voyager, as well as in related media. In all of these programs, he is portrayed by John de Lancie, like his fellow Q, he is said to be nigh-omnipotent, and he is continually evasive regarding his true motivations. The true nature of the realm is said to be beyond the comprehension of lesser beings such as humans, beginning with the pilot episode Encounter at Farpoint of The Next Generation, Q became a recurring character, with pronounced comedic and dramatic chemistry between Jean-Luc Picard and himself. He serves as a major antagonist throughout The Next Generation, playing a role in both the first and final episodes. Other times, notably during Deja Q and Voyager, Q appears to the crew seeking assistance, gene Roddenberry chose the letter Q in honor of his friend, Janet Quarton. Q later inspired the My Little Pony, Friendship is Magic antagonist Discord, in Qs debut Encounter at Farpoint, he puts Picard and the Enterprise crew on trial, arguing that humanity is a dangerous race and should be destroyed. When they later save the life of an alien, Q agrees to defer judgement. Qs next appearance was later in the first season, in the episode Hide and Q, Q believes that humanity has the potential to one day evolve beyond the Q, and he wants to understand how. He settles on Picards first officer, Commander Riker, but Q fails to trigger the evolution, thereby losing a wager with Picard, Q is bound by the terms of the wager to stay out of humanitys path forever. Q instantly vanishes, but continues to appear in episodes as if the wager never occurred. In Q Who, he offers to divest himself of his powers and guide humanity through uncharted regions, Picard argues that Qs services are unneeded, and Q rebuts him by teleporting the USS Enterprise to a distant system for their first encounter with the Borg. Unable to resist the Borg, Picard must ask Q to save the ship, Q returns the Enterprise home and tells Picard that other men would rather have died than ask for help. The Star Trek, The Next Generation Companion states that the Borg already knew about Earth and were en route. The Star Trek, Enterprise episode, Regeneration, explains that the encounter in system J-25 intensified the Borgs interest in humanity, Qs actions stabilized the time stream by creating a different cause for the Borgs awareness of the Federation. In the original reality, Cochranes warnings go unheeded, in Déjà Q, Q is punished by the Q Continuum by being made mortal, his committing of an uncharacteristically selfless act garners the return of his powers. In the same episode, Q says that Picard is the closest thing in this universe that I have to a friend. Toward the end of The Next Generation, Q is less antagonistic toward Picard, even, in Tapestry, apparently saving Picard, in the series finale, All Good Things. Q gives Picard a helping hand in saving humanity by helping him figure out what is causing antitime to flow into the universe which will inevitably stop humanity from ever being born
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Janice Rand
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Janice Rand is a fictional character in the American science fiction television series Star Trek, The Original Series during its first season, as well three of the Star Trek films. She is the Captains yeoman on board the USS Enterprise, Whitney as Rand was involved in promoting Star Trek before it aired, but did not appear in the first two pilots. Roddenberry set out the role of Rand to Whitney, saying that she and Kirk were meant to have feelings for one another, part way through the first season, Whitney was released from her contract. It is unclear as to who suggested that her contract should be terminated, Roddenberry later blamed NBC for her release and said he regretted it. Whitney later directly linked her departure from the show to her alcoholism and this was subsequently cancelled, but Rand did reappear in Star Trek, The Motion Picture. Whitney made further appearances as Rand in Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home and Star Trek VI and she later returned to Star Trek for memory sequences set in the latter film, but shown as part of the Star Trek, Voyager episode Flashback. Whitney made further appearances as Rand in Star Trek, New Voyages and Star Trek, Of Gods and Men, prior to the start of The Original Series, Whitney was used to promote the series and was popular with the media. Critics later called the character a stereotype in her initial appearances, gene Roddenberrys original pitch for Star Trek featured a female Captains Yeoman named Colt. She was described as blonde and with a shape that even a uniform could not hide, in this first version of Star Trek, she worked as Captain Robert Aprils secretary, reporter, bookkeeper, and undoubtedly wishes she could serve him in more personal departments. Roddenberrys description of her ended with She is not dumb, she is very female and this character was cast for the first pilot of the series, The Cage, with Laurel Goodwin cast in that role. A similar character was created for the pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before, this time called Smith. Whitney had previously appeared in Roddenberrys The Lieutenant and was then cast in his unsold pilot Police Story where she played Police Lieutenant Lily Monroe. She was available to appear in the series and was promptly cast in the role, being paid $750 per episode and she admitted that he had made numerous passes at her, but she wanted their relationship to remain professional only. In the early publicity photos, Whitney was dressed in the manner that the women had been in the two pilots – a loose gold colored tunic and black trousers. She said the outfit was sensational and that it stopped traffic, despite the outfit being designed specifically for Whitney, Theiss was concerned and would tell her to lose weight. She was subsequently prescribed amphetamines by her doctor, for the purpose of weight loss, Whitney stated that this was the start of her addiction to them, and in order to come down off them at night, she began drinking in the evening to take away the edginess. He also developed her hair styles for the series, which Roddenberry insisted must be unique and it was created by weaving two Max Factor wigs into a mesh cone. Whitney described the application of the wig, saying they nailed it to my head every morning
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Sarek
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Sarek /ˈsærɛk/ is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. He is a Vulcan astrophysicist, the Vulcan ambassador to the United Federation of Planets, the character was originated by Mark Lenard in the 1967 episode Journey to Babel. Lenard previously portrayed a Romulan Commander in another episode of the original series, actor Jonathan Simpson played a younger Sarek in a brief scene in Star Trek V, The Final Frontier, with voice-over provided by Lenard. Ben Cross portrayed Sarek in the 2009 motion picture Star Trek, James Frain will play Sarek in the new TV series Star Trek, Discovery. The character appears in the original Star Trek series, the series, four Star Trek movies. He is the son of Skon of Vulcan and the grandson of Solkar, Sarek was married twice, and had two sons. Prior to his first marriage, he had a relationship with the Vulcan priestess, TRea, which produced Sareks first son Sybok, Sarek later married Amanda Grayson, a native of the planet Earth. After Amandas death, Sarek married Perrin, also human, who survived his death, Sarek and Perrin had no children. Sareks second son, Spock, entered Starfleet Academy, Sarek opposed the decision, and the two were estranged for 18 years. Following an Enterprise mission where Spock helped save Sareks life, father, in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, Sarek asks Kirk to bring Spocks body back along with his katra, or living essence, to Vulcan. Sarek later confronts Kirk at his apartment, thinking that Spock placed his katra into Kirks mind, unknown to either Sarek or Kirk, Spock had actually placed his katra in the mind of his friend Leonard McCoy for safekeeping. Kirk later discovers this through the security tapes during the last moments of Spocks life in his fight to save the Enterprise from Khan and promised Sarek to bring both men to Vulcan. The Genesis Device regenerates Spocks body and restores his life, Kirk and his crew manage to get Spock off the planet, there, Sarek asks the priestess TLar to perform a fal-tor-pan, reuniting Spocks mind and body. Sarek thanks Kirk for the rescue of Spock, which place at the expense of the destruction of the Enterprise. Kirk admitted if he did not try to save Spock, he would have faced a deeper guilt in his soul, Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home begins with Kirk, Spock, and the rest of the Enterprise crew still in exile on Vulcan. Sarek travels to Earth to speak on behalf of Kirk, and is trapped on the planet when Earth is threatened by destruction by an alien probe. After Kirk and his return and save Earth, and are largely exonerated at their subsequent trial. Sarek states that he is pleased with Spock, and admits that he was wrong in opposing Spocks induction into Starfleet, Spocks ongoing conflict between emotion and logic is countered by his parents, a seemingly loving and devoted couple
