1.
Munich
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Munich is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, the Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people. According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city, the name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen, meaning by the monks. It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich, Munich was first mentioned in 1158. From 1255 the city was seat of the Bavarian Dukes, black and gold—the colours of the Holy Roman Empire—have been the citys official colours since the time of Ludwig the Bavarian, when it was an imperial residence. Following a final reunification of the Wittelsbachian Duchy of Bavaria, previously divided and sub-divided for more than 200 years, like wide parts of the Holy Roman Empire, the area recovered slowly economically. In 1918, during the German Revolution, the house of Wittelsbach, which governed Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich. In the 1920s, Munich became home to political factions, among them the NSDAP. During World War II, Munich was heavily bombed and more than 50% of the entire city, the postwar period was characterised by American occupation until 1949 and a strong increase of population and economic power during the years of the Wirtschaftswunder after 1949. The city is home to corporations like BMW, Siemens, MAN, Linde, Allianz and MunichRE as well as many small. Munich is home to national and international authorities, major universities, major museums. Its numerous architectural attractions, international events, exhibitions and conferences. Munich is one of the most prosperous and fastest growing cities in Germany and it is a top-ranked destination for migration and expatriate location, despite being the municipality with the highest density of population in Germany. Munich nowadays hosts more than 530,000 people of foreign background, the year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date, which is the earliest date the city is mentioned in a document. The document was signed in Augsburg, by that time the Guelph Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, had built a bridge over the river Isar next to a settlement of Benedictine monks—this was on the Old Salt Route and a toll bridge. In 1175, Munich was officially granted city status and received fortification, in 1180, with the trial of Henry the Lion, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria and Munich was handed over to the Bishop of Freising. In 1240, Munich was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, Duke Louis IV, a native of Munich, was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. He strengthened the position by granting it the salt monopoly
2.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
3.
Olympiapark (Munich)
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The Olympiapark München in Munich, Germany, is an Olympic Park which was constructed for the 1972 Summer Olympics. Located in the Oberwiesenfeld neighborhood of Munich, the Park continues to serve as a venue for cultural, social, the Park is administered by Olympiapark München GmbH, a holding company fully owned by the state capital of Munich. Also in this area are the Aquatic Center and Olympic Event Hall, Olympic Village, comprising two villages, one male and one female. Olympia-Pressestadt, today the home of the Olympic Shopping Center, strictly speaking, this portion belongs to the area of district of Moosach. Olympic Park, Adjoining the Olympic Area to the south, this includes the Olympic Mountain. The park is located in the Milbertshofen-Am Hart borough near BMW Group headquarters, Georg-Brauchle-Ring divides the area into two halves, Olympic Village and Olympia Pressestadt to the north and Olympic Area and Olympic Park to the south. After the International Olympic Committee in 1966 awarded Munich the Olympic Games, up until 1939, Oberwiesenfeld had largely been used as an airfield, however, the then-recently opened Munich-Riem airport left the Oberwiesenfeld area largely idle. Under Nazi plans for the development of Munich into the Capital of the Movement, the Second World War, however, hindered the implementation of this plan. In October 1957, since the US Army had facilities at the Oberwiesefeld, apart from infrastructure projects such as the Oberwiesenfeld Ice Rink, Oberwiesenfeld remained largely vacant, and as such was an ideal place for the construction of the Olympic Stadium. The concept of a green Olympic Games was chosen, and so too was the orientation toward the ideals of democracy. Officials sought to integrate optimism toward the future with an attitude toward technology. The architecture firm of Günther Behnisch and its partners developed a master plan for the sports and recreation area. The landscape layout was designed by landscape architect Günther Grzimek, the eye-catching tensile structure that covers much of the park was designed by German architect and engineer Frei Otto with Günther Behnisch. In all, the project cost 1.35 billion German Marks to complete, using public transportation, the Munich U-Bahns U3 line provides a direct route, From Münchner Freiheit, the line connects to Olympiapark via Schwabing and the midtown area. In 2007, the U3 line was extended to continue on to Oberwiesenfeld station at the end of the Olympic Village. The continuation to Moosach, where the line connects to the S1 S-Bahn line, was completed in 2010, olympiazentrum U-Bahn station is a central stop for the MVG bus line. Between 1972 and 1988 the Olympiastadion Station existed, which was oft-snubbed at events, currently, the station is abandoned continues to decay. The Olympiapark is accessible by car via Mittlerer Ring motorway, the Olympic Village itself is closed off from car traffic
4.
1972 Summer Olympics
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The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from August 26 to September 11,1972. The sporting nature of the event was overshadowed by the Munich massacre in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches. Five Black September Palestinian terrorists died, the 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany, after the 1936 Games in Berlin, which had taken place under the Nazi regime. The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo by Otl Aicher, the Olympic mascot, the dachshund Waldi, was the first officially named Olympic mascot. The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein, a companion of Bert Kaempfert, the Olympic Park is based on Frei Ottos plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark. The competition sites, designed by architect Günther Behnisch, included the Olympic swimming hall, the Olympics Hall and the Olympic Stadium, and an Olympic village very close to the park. The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary, with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes, Munich won its Olympic bid on April 26,1966, at the 64th IOC Session at Rome, Italy, over bids presented by Detroit, Madrid, and Montréal. Montreal would eventually host the following Olympic games in 1976, the Games were largely overshadowed by what has come to be known as the Munich massacre. Two of the hostages who resisted were killed in the first moments of the break-in, the German authorities planned to ambush them there, but underestimated the numbers of their opposition and were thus undermanned. During a botched attempt, all of the Israeli hostages were killed. Four of them were shot, then incinerated when one of the terrorists detonated a grenade inside the helicopter in which the hostages were sitting, the five remaining hostages were then machine-gunned to death. All but three of the terrorists were killed as well, although arrested and imprisoned pending trial, they were released by the West German government on October 29,1972, in exchange for a hijacked Lufthansa jet. Two of those three were supposedly hunted down and assassinated later by the Mossad, jamal Al-Gashey, who is believed to be the sole survivor, is still living today in hiding in an unspecified African country with his wife and two children. A memorial ceremony was held in the Olympic stadium. The attack prompted heightened security at subsequent Olympics beginning with the 1976 Winter Olympics, security at Olympics was heightened further beginning with the 2002 Winter Olympics, as they were the first to take place since September 11,2001. The massacre led the German federal government to re-examine its anti-terrorism policies and this led to the creation of the elite counter-terrorist unit GSG9, similar to the British SAS. It also led Israel to launch a campaign known as Operation Wrath of God, in which those suspected of involvement were systematically tracked down, the events of the Munich massacre were chronicled in the Oscar-winning documentary, One Day in September. An account of the aftermath is also dramatized in three films, the 1976 made-for-TV movie 21 Hours at Munich, the 1986 made-for-TV movie Sword of Gideon and Steven Spielbergs 2005 film Munich
5.
Mark Spitz
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Mark Andrew Spitz is an American former competitive swimmer, nine-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in seven events. He won seven medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, an achievement surpassed only by Michael Phelps. Spitz set new records in all seven events in which he competed in 1972. Spitz holds more medals than any other Jewish athlete in the history of the Olympics. Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds, a silver, and a bronze, five Pan American golds,31 Amateur Athletic Union titles, during those years, he set 35 world records, but two were in trials and unofficial. He was named World Swimmer of the Year in 1969,1971 and he was the third athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals. Spitz was born in Modesto, California, the first of three children of Lenore Sylvia and Arnold Spitz and his family is Jewish, his fathers family was from Hungary and his mothers, originally surnamed Sklotkovick, were from Russia. When he was two old, Spitzs family moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he swam at Waikiki beach every day. You should have seen that little boy dash into the ocean, hed run like he was trying to commit suicide, Lenore Spitz told a reporter for Time in 1968. At age six, his family returned to Sacramento, California, at age nine, he was training at Arden Hills Swim Club in Sacramento with swimming coach Sherm Chavoor, who mentored seven Olympic medal winners including Spitz. Spitz held one world record and 17 national records at the age of 10. His family moved to Santa Clara, where Spitz joined the Santa Clara Swim Club and received training from coach George F. Haines, from 1964 to 1968, Mark trained with Haines at SCSC and Santa Clara High School. During his four years there, Mark held national high school records in every stroke, in 1966 at age 16, he won the 100-meter butterfly at the AAU national championships, the first of his 24 total AAU titles. The following year, Mark set his first world record at a small California meet in the 400-meter freestyle with a time of 4,10.60, the 1965 Maccabiah Games was his first international competition. At age 15 in Tel Aviv, Spitz won four medals and was named the most outstanding athlete. He returned to Israel in 1969 following the Mexico Olympics to again compete in the Maccabiah Games and this time, he won six gold medals. He was again named outstanding athlete of the Games, in 1985, Spitz lit a torch to open the Maccabiah Games. In 2005, he was a member of the U. S. delegation at the 17th Maccabiah Games and he spoke at the JCC Maccabiah Games Opening Ceremonies, which was held in Richmond, Virginia
6.
Michael Phelps
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Michael Fred Phelps II is an American former competitive swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 28 medals. Phelps also holds the records for Olympic gold medals, Olympic gold medals in individual events. In winning eight medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitzs 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Phelps won four gold and two medals, and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won five gold medals. This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row. He has won 83 medals in international long course competition, of which 66 were gold,14 silver, and 3 bronze, spanning the Olympics, the World. His unprecedented Olympic success in 2008 earned Phelps Sports Illustrated magazines Sportsman of the Year award, after the 2008 Summer Olympics, Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation, which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles. Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics, but in April 2014 he made a comeback, at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, his fifth Olympics, he won five golds and one silver. Phelps was chosen to be a captain of the 2016 US Olympic team, Phelps was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and raised in the Rodgers Forge neighborhood of nearby Towson. He attended Rodgers Forge Elementary, Dumbarton Middle School, and Towson High School, Phelps is the youngest of three children. His mother, Deborah Sue Debbie Phelps, is a school principal. His father, Michael Fred Phelps, is a retired Maryland State Trooper who played football in school and college. Phelps is of English, German, Irish, Scottish, and his parents divorced in 1994, when he was nine years old, and his father remarried in 2000. He graduated from Towson High School in 2003, Phelps began swimming at the age of seven, partly because of the influence of his sisters and partly to provide him with an outlet for his energy. After retirement in 2016, he stated The only reason I ever got in the water was my mom wanted me to just learn how to swim and my sisters and myself fell in love with the sport, and we decided to swim. When Phelps was in the grade, he was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. By the age of 10, he held a record for his age group. More age group records followed, and as of 2016 Phelps still holds 12 age group records
7.
2008 Summer Olympics
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A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees competed in 28 sports and 302 events. China became the 22nd nation to host the Olympic Games and the 18th to hold a Summer Olympic Games. It was the time that the Summer Olympic Games were held in East Asia and Asia, after Tokyo, Japan, in 1964 and Seoul, South Korea. Beijing was awarded the Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001, the Government of the Peoples Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transportation systems. A total of 37 venues were used to host the events, the official logo of these Olympic Games, titled Dancing Beijing, refers to the host city by featuring a stylized calligraphic character jīng. The Games were the second most watched Olympics in history, attracting 4.7 billion viewers worldwide, there were 43 world records and 132 Olympic records set at the 2008 Summer Olympics. An unprecedented 86 countries won at least one medal during the Games, Chinese athletes won the most gold medals with 51, and with 100 medals in total became only the 7th different Olympic team to top an overall medal tally. The United States won the most total medals with 110, the games were deemed highly successful with the rising standard of competition among nations across the world. Beijing was elected as the host city for the 2008 Summer Olympics on 13 July 2001, during the 112th IOC Session in Moscow, defeating bids from Toronto, Paris, Istanbul, and Osaka. Prior to the session, five other cities had submitted bids to the IOC, after the first round of voting, Beijing held a significant lead over the other four candidates. Osaka received only six votes and was eliminated, in the second round, Beijing was supported by a majority of voters, eliminating the need for subsequent rounds. Torontos bid was their 5th failure since 1960, the size of China, its increased enforcement of doping controls, and sympathy concerning its loss of the 2000 Summer Olympics to Sydney were all factors in the decision. Eight years earlier, Beijing had led every round of voting for the 2000 Summer Olympics before losing to Sydney by two votes in the final round. Human rights concerns expressed by Amnesty International and politicians in both Europe and the United States were considered by the delegates, according to IOC Executive Director François Carrard, Carrard and others suggested that the selection might lead to improvements in human rights in China. In addition, a number of IOC delegates who had formerly been athletes expressed concern about heat and air quality during the Games, China outlined plans to address these environmental concerns in its bid application. The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimates the outturn cost of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics at USD6.8 billion in 2015-dollars and this includes sports-related costs only, that is, operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e. g. The Beijing Olympics cost of USD6.8 billion compares with costs of USD4.6 billion for Rio 2016, average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is USD5.2 billion. They went on to claim that revenues from the Games would exceed the original target of $16 million
8.
Beijing
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Beijing is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China and the worlds third most populous city proper. It is also one of the worlds most populous capital cities, the city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by population after Shanghai and is the nations political, cultural. It is home to the headquarters of most of Chinas largest state-owned companies, and is a hub for the national highway, expressway, railway. The citys history dates back three millennia, as the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political centre of the country for much of the past eight centuries. Beijing was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A. D, the city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. Its art treasures and universities have made it centre of culture, encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China. Siheyuans, the traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing. The city hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, many of Beijings 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China, of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities in the world. Beijings Zhongguancun area is known as Chinas Silicon Valley and Chinas center of innovation. According to the 2016 InterNations Expat Insider Survey, Beijing ranked first in Asia in the subcategory Personal Finance Index, expats live primarily in urban districts such as Dongcheng and Chaoyang in the east, or in suburban districts such as Shunyi. Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had other names. The name Beijing, which means Northern Capital, was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming Dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing, the English spelling is based on the pinyin romanisation of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. Those dialects preserve the Middle Chinese pronunciation of 京 as kjaeng, the single Chinese character abbreviation for Beijing is 京, which appears on automobile license plates in the city. The official Latin alphabet abbreviation for Beijing is BJ, the earliest traces of human habitation in the Beijing municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near the village of Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District, where Peking Man lived. Homo erectus fossils from the date to 230,000 to 250,000 years ago. Paleolithic Homo sapiens also lived more recently, about 27,000 years ago. Archaeologists have found neolithic settlements throughout the municipality, including in Wangfujing, the first walled city in Beijing was Ji, a city from the 11th to 7th century BC
9.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
10.
Venues of the 1972 Summer Olympics
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For the 1972 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-two sports venues were used. A majority of the venues used were new construction in time for the 1972 Games after Munich was awarded the Games in 1966, Kiel Bay was the only venue from the 1936 Summer Olympics to be used for the 1972 Games. A stretch of the Autobahn near Munich was used for cyclings road team time trial event, after the Olympics, Olympiastadion hosted the final of the FIFA World Cup less than two years later. Augsburgs Eiskanal has served as host to three Canoe Slalom World Championships while the shooting range hosted the World Shooting Championships 2010, Olympiapark was part of Munichs bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics. At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Kiel served as host of the sailing events, Munich hosted the World Weightlifting Championships in 1955. Augsburg hosted the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in 1957 though that course was a natural whitewater course rather than artificial, jahnstadion was built in 1926 while Urban Stadium was constructed in 1928. Ingolstadts stadium was constructed in 1932 while Rosenaustadion was completed in 1951, the handball venues in Böblingen and Augsburg were completed in the mid-1960s. The German Autobahn was first built in the 1930s and expanded in the 1950s following World War II, the A96 route was constructed in the 1960s and expanded in 1970 in time for the 1972 Summer Olympics. When Munich was selected as host for the 1972 Summer Games in April 1966, fifteen different sites for the canoe sprint and rowing events were reviewed before Oberschleißheim was selected in April 1969. Temporary venues were set at Englischer Garten and Nymphenburg Palace, at Eiskanal, East Germany won all four canoe slalom events. This was helped because they studied the course in Augsburg the year before, for the road team time trial cycling event, a 25 km stretch of the A96 was used with the start-finish point south of Munich near the Fürsten-ried section. The teams crossed over to the side of the autobahn over a specially constructed turn before proceeding back to the start-finish line. Olympiastadion in Munich would be one of nine stadiums to host the FIFA World Cup which took place in 1974, the Eiskanal in Augsburg hosted the Canoe Slalom World Championships in 1985 and 2003. Schießanlage served as venue host for the ISSF World Shooting Championships in 2010, Munich was a finalist for the 2018 Winter Olympics. Curling, figure skating, ice hockey, short track speed skating, in July 2011 Munich lost out to Pyeongcheong
11.
Olympiahalle
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Olympiahalle is a multi-purpose arena located in Am Riesenfeld in Munich, Germany, part of Olympiapark. The arena is used for concerts, sporting events, exhibitions or trade fairs, in the past, it served as a part-time home for the defunct ice hockey team EC Hedos München. Olympiahalle opened in 1972 and was the venue for gymnastics and handball events at the 1972 Summer Olympics, the seating capacity for the arena varies from 12,150 up to 14,000. The current seating capacity 15,500 set after an overhaul that was completed in 2009. A new VIP area, a restaurant and a second arena with a capacity of up to 4,000 was integrated in the new complex. The stage area was rebuilt, which contributed to the increased seating capacity and at the same time allowed faster access for stage crews. Olympiahalle also plays hosts to the annual Munich Sixdays, a popular international track-cycling competition. Important basketball events that were held in Olympiahalle include the Final phase of the 1993 European Basketball Championships, world Wrestling Entertainment has hosted several house shows in the Olympiahalle since 1992 and most recently on 27 September 2008
12.
Olympiastadion (Munich)
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The Olympiastadion München is a stadium located in Munich, Germany. Situated at the heart of the Olympiapark München in northern Munich, with an original capacity of 80,000, the stadium also hosted many major football matches including the 1974 World Cup Final and the Euro 88 Final. It hosted the European Cup Finals of 1979,1993 and 1997, until the construction of the Allianz Arena for the 2006 World Cup, the stadium was home to Bayern Munich and TSV1860 Munich. This included large sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by steel cables that were used for the first time on a large scale, the idea was to imitate the Alps and to set a counterpart to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, held during the Nazi regime. The sweeping and transparent canopy was to symbolize the new, democratic and optimistic Germany and this is reflected in the official motto, The cheerful Games. The stadium was built by Bilfinger Berger between 1968 and 1972 in a pit made by bombings Munich suffered during World War II, following the Olympics, the stadium became the home of FC Bayern Munich. In 1979 the ground played host to the 1979 European Cup Final in which Nottingham Forest won the first of their consecutive European Cups under Brian Clough, in the 1990s Bayern Munichs rivals TSV1860 Munich moved into the stadium. The two teams coexisted in the Olympiastadion until 2005, when both moved to the purpose built Allianz Arena. Borussia Dortmund won the 1997 UEFA Champions League Final at the Olympiastadion, since 2005, it is the host of the yearly air and style snowboard event. On 31 December 2006, the stadium made history as being the first venue to host the Tour de Ski cross-country skiing competition, the individual sprint events, held at 1100 m, were won by Norways Marit Bjørgen and Switzerlands Christoph Eigenmann. The snow was made in the stadium by combining the hot air with the cold refrigerated water that causes the snow to act like the icy type you would see in the Alps. It went unused in the 2006 FIFA World Cup due to the Allianz Arena being the host stadium in Munich, on 23 to 24 June 2007, the stadium played host to the Spar European Cup 2007, a yearly athletics event featuring the top 8 countries from around Europe. The DTM touring car series held its first stadium event there in 2011, edoardo Mortara won the first day, and Bruno Spengler the second. The event was repeated in 2012, but the stadium withdrew in 2013 because it proved impossible to turn it into a points-scoring event, on 17 May 2012, the ground played host to the 2012 UEFA Womens Champions League Final in which Olympique Lyonnais won their second consecutive trophy. The attendance of that game was a record for a UEFA Womens Champions League Final, on 19 May 2012 it hosted the Public Viewing of the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final which took place at Allianz Arena in Munich. The stadium was one of the venues for the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the following games were played at the stadium during the World Cup of 1974, The stadium was one of the venues for the UEFA Euro 1988. Michael Jackson performed at the five times, all sold out with maximum capacity of the stadium for musical acts. The first concert was on 8 July 1988 during his Bad concerts, the second sell out concert, on 27 June 1992 kicked off his Dangerous World Tour, to 75,000 fans
13.
Olympic Village, Munich
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The Olympic Village was constructed for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany and was used to house the athletes during the games. The infamous Munich massacre took place in one of its apartment blocks, since 1973 the former male section is now another neighborhood, and the female one serves as student housing. Said area was torn down and rebuilt from zero. On the night of 4 August 2007, a student party turned into a riot, leading to heavy vandalism. In the night,150 police officers had to be sent to control the situation, olympiapark, Munich Nadisee http, //www. olympiadorf. de/ Pictures of the village Association For The Residents Interests Of The Olympic Village website
14.
Radstadion
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Radstadion was a velodrome located in Olympiapark in Munich, Germany. They hosted the track portion of the competitions for the 1972 Summer Olympics. The track was 285.714 metres long by 7 metres wide with banking that varied between 11.56 and 48.32 degrees, the Radstadion was demolished in 2015 to make way for a new arena
15.
Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle
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Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle, also known by its sponsorship name of Audi Dome, is an indoor arena located in Sendling-Westpark, Munich, Germany. It was initially named after the president of the Bavarian State Sport Association, the 6, 700-seat hall opened in 1972 to host basketball events for the 1972 Summer Olympics. The arena has been the home venue of Bayern Munich basketball club since 2011. The hall lies in the southwest of Munich, at the place of the A96 to the Mittlerer Ring. At the hall adjacent a small garden is in the northeast, in the west and south west sports complexes, the hall is with the car over the western main highway 2 R toward south, departure Grüntenstraße attainably. With the public local traffic of the MVV, one arrives over the U4/U5 at the stop Heimeranplatz, the circle round base of the main building rejuvenates itself towards the top there to the free carrying cover construction self-sinking to the middle there. Base,2,516 m² Diameter of the building,56.60 m The hall offers place in sporting events for up to 7,200 visitors. Also inside the arena is a restaurant and a warm up hall Shortly after its completion, after that the hall next to concerts, displays and fairs served, over many years above all box organizations. In 1975, the served as one of the filming locations for the Science Fiction film Rollerball. It also hosted the 1978 FIBA European Champions Cup final in which Real Madrid defeated Mobilgirgi Varese 75-67, on 23 April 1983, the arena played host to the 1983 Eurovision Song Contest. On 1 February 2003, the arena was closed for unknown reasons, to find since December 2007 tried the new operator firm MPP Entertainment sponsors for a new opening. In the future, the sport should animate above all the hall again. Both the Baskets Munich and the team of Bayern Munich manifested interest. On 8 January, it became well-known that the firm of the hall had registered for insolvency. In 2011, after renovations to the arena were completed, the newly promoted Bayern Munich basketball team moved to the arena, official site 1972 Summer Olympics official report
16.
Englischer Garten
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The Englischer Garten, German for English Garden, is a large public park in the centre of Munich, Bavaria, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern city limits. It was created in 1789 by Sir Benjamin Thompson, later Count Rumford, for Prince Charles Theodore, thompsons successors, Reinhard von Werneck and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell, advisers on the project from its beginning, both extended and improved the park. With an area of 3.7 km2, the Englischer Garten is one of Europes largest urban public parks, larger than New Yorks Central Park. The name refers to its English garden form of informal landscape, the new ruler preferred his existing home in Mannheim on the Rhine to living in Bavaria and tried unsuccessfully to trade his unloved inheritance for the Austrian Netherlands. Understandably, the people of Munich returned his disdain, to offset this unhappy atmosphere, Charles Theodore devoted much attention to improvements in the city. Among others, he created an art gallery in the arcades of the Residences Hofgarten. While the Hofgarten was then the public park in Munich. In 1788 Thompson proposed that in peacetime the majority of the soldiers of the Electors army should be given leave to do civilian work, such as farming and gardening. The planned location of the Munich gardens was the north of the Schwabinger city gate. The whole area had been subject to flooding from the Isar, the river on which Munich stands, a little to the east. This problem was soon removed by the construction of a wall in 1790, which became known as the Riedl-Damm after the engineer Anton von Riedl. On August 13,1789, Charles Theodore published a decree, most of these projects did not long survive the creation of the park, but the veterinary school went on to become what is now the Tierärztliche Fakultät of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. The gateway from 1790 can be seen at the Veterinärstraße entrance to the garden, the park was initially named Theodors Park, but it very quickly became known by the descriptive name of the English Garden. His successor, Baron von Werneck, attempted to make the pay for itself through its agricultural use. To that end he expanded the park in December 1799 to encompass the Hirschau, the fields of the military gardens were added to the Englischer Garten in January 1800. Wernecks improvements had been costly, and in 1804 he was replaced by Sckell, although Sckell had had a guiding role from the beginning, many aspects of the execution differed from his ideas, which he set out in a memorandum of 1807. His long supervision of the garden was marked by a movement away from agricultural uses, for instance, two mills at the point where the Schwabingerbach leaves the Eisbach were removed and an artificial waterfall was created in 1814-1815. Under Sckell, the took on its present form
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Nymphenburg Palace
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Castle of the Nymph, is a Baroque palace in Munich, Bavaria, southern Germany. The palace is the summer residence of the former rulers of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. The central pavilion was completed in 1675, as a building material it utilised limestone from Kelheim. The castle was expanded and transformed over the years. Starting in 1701, Max Emanuel, the heir to Bavaria, two pavilions were added each in the south and north of Barellis palace by Enrico Zucalli and Giovanni Antonio Viscardi and connected with the centre pavilion by two gallery wings. In 1716 Joseph Effner redesigned the facade of the pavilion in French Baroque style with pilasters. Later, the section of the palace was further extended to form the court stables. For the sake of balance, the building was added to the north. Finally, a circle with Baroque mansions was erected under Max Emanuels son Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII Albert. In 1795 the Elector Charles Theodore ordered the widening of the galleries on the park side, with the Treaty of Nymphenburg signed in July 1741, Charles Albert allied with France and Spain against Austria. Two of the children were born here, Maria Antonia in 1724. Charles Albert lived during his time in Munich as Holy Roman Emperor in Nymphenburg Palace, Joseph founded the Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory. In 1792 Elector Charles Theodor opened the park for the public, for a long time the palace was the favourite summer residence of the rulers of Bavaria. King Max I Joseph died there in 1825 and his great-grandson King Ludwig II was born there in 1845, in 1863 the only meeting between Ludwig and Otto von Bismarck was held in Nymphenburg, although they remained connected in a lifelong friendship. Today Nymphenburg is open to the public but also continues to be a home and chancery for the head of the house of Wittelsbach, currently Franz, the palace, together with its park, is now one of the most famous sights of Munich. The baroque facades comprise an overall width of about 700 metres, some rooms still show their original baroque decoration while others were later redesigned in rococo or neoclassical style. The Steinerner Saal in the pavilion, with ceiling frescoes by Johann Baptist Zimmermann and F. Zimmermann. Acting as a hall, it occupies over three floors of the central pavilion of the palace
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Passau
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Passau is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflüssestadt or City of Three Rivers, because the Danube is joined at Passau by the Inn from the south, passaus population is 50,000 of whom about 12,000 are students at the local University of Passau. It is renowned in Germany for its institutes of economics, law, theology, computer science, in the 2nd century BC, many of the Boii tribe were pushed north across the Alps out of northern Italy by the Romans. They established a new capital called Boiodurum by the Romans, now within the Innstadt district of Passau, Passau was an ancient Roman colony of ancient Noricum called Batavis, Latin for for the Batavi. The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe often mentioned by authors, and they were regularly associated with the Suebian marauders. During the second half of the 5th century, St. Severinus established a monastery here, from the 10th century the bishops of Passau also exercised secular authority as Prince-Bishops in the immediate area around Passau. In the Treaty of Passau, Archduke Ferdinand I, representing Emperor Charles V and this led to the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. During the Renaissance and early period, Passau was one of the most prolific centres of sword. Passau smiths stamped their blades with the Passau wolf, usually a rather simplified rendering of the wolf on the citys coat-of-arms, superstitious warriors believed that the Passau wolf conferred invulnerability on the blades bearer, and thus Passau swords acquired a great premium. According to the Donau-Zeitung, aside from the wolf, some signs and inscriptions were added. As a result, the practice of placing magical charms on swords to protect the wearers came to be known for a time as Passau art. Other cities smiths, including those of Solingen, recognized the value of the Passau wolf. By the 17th century, Solingen was producing more wolf-stamped blades than Passau was, in 1662, a devastating fire consumed most of the city. Passau was subsequently rebuilt in the Baroque style, Passau was secularised and divided between the Electorate of Bavaria and the Electorate of Salzburg in 1803. The portion belonging to Salzburg became part of Bavaria in 1805, from 1892 until 1894, Adolf Hitler and his family lived in Passau. The city archives mention Hitler being in Passau on four different occasions in the 1920s for speeches, on November 3,1902 Heinrich Himmler and his family arrived from Munich. They lived at Theresienstraße 394 until September 2,1904, Himmler maintained contact with locals until May 1945. In November 1933, the building of Nibelungenhalle was announced, intended to hold 8,000 to 10,000 guests, and another 30,000 in front of it, in 1935 the hall also became quarters for a unit of the Austrian Legion
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Tuja-Stadion
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Tuja-Stadion is an 11,418 capacity stadium in Ingolstadt, Germany. It is primarily used for football and was the home of ESV Ingolstadt until they merged with MTV Ingolstadt to become FC Ingolstadt 04 and it also hosted four football matches during the 1972 Summer Olympics. The stadium was modified in 2008 to suit 2nd division criteria, a new stadium is being planned and should be ready for the 2010/11 season
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Ingolstadt
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Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located along the banks of the River Danube, in the centre of Bavaria, as of 31 December 2014, Ingolstadt had 131,002 citizens. It is part of the Munich Metropolitan Area, which has a population of more than 5 million. The Illuminati, a Bavarian secret society, was founded in Ingolstadt in the late 18th century, Ingolstadt is a setting in the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, where the scientist Victor Frankenstein creates his monster. It is the site of the headquarters of the German automobile manufacturer Audi, defence aircraft manufacturer Airbus, Ingolstadt Central Station has been connected to Nuremberg by a high-speed rail link since May 2006. Ingolstadt also has a passenger station at Ingolstadt Nord. Covering an urban area of 133.35 square kilometres, Ingolstadt is geographically Bavarias fourth-largest city after Munich, at its largest point the city is about 18 km from east to west and from north to south about 15 km. The city boundary has a length of 70 km, the city boundary is about 14 km away from the geographic centre of Bavaria in Kipfenberg. The old town is approximately 374 metres above sea level and the highest point, the lowest point of the Schutter confluence with the Danube is at 362 m above sea level. Ingolstadt uses Central European Time as throughout Germany, the time lag is 14 minutes. The city is expanding at the northern and southern banks of the Danube in a flat bowl. The Ingolstadt basin borders the Jura foothills, located south and is to the north of the Donau-Isar-Hügelland, in the southwest is the Donaumoos while in the east the lowland forests of the Danube reach into the urban area. It is the second largest hardwood floodplain on the Danube, the Sandrach, the former Southern main branch of the Danube, partly forms the Southern city border. In the north, the Schutter flows through from the west reaching the Danube near to the Altstadt, Ingolstadt was first mentioned in a document of Charlemagne on 6 February 806 as Ingoldes stat, the place of Ingold. Circa 1250, Ingolstadt was granted city status, Ingolstadt was the capital of the Duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt between 1392 and 1447. Ingolstadt was then united with Bavaria-Landshut, Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria ordered the building of the New Castle, whose form was strongly influenced by French Gothic architecture. In 1472 Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria founded the University of Ingolstadt which became the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, in 1800 it was moved to Landshut and eventually to Munich. The University of Ingolstadt was an important defender of the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation era, Ingolstadt is where William IV, Duke of Bavaria wrote and signed the Bavarian Reinheitsgebot in 1516
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Jahnstadion (Regensburg)
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The Jahnstadion is a 12,500 capacity stadium in Regensburg, Germany. It is primarily used for football and, until 2015, was the home of SSV Jahn Regensburg, built in 1926, it also hosted five football matches during the 1972 Summer Olympics
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Rosenaustadion
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Rosenaustadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. It is the largest stadium in the city, until 2009, the stadium was used mostly for football matches by the football club FC Augsburg. It has a capacity of 32,354 people. In 2009, it was replaced by the Impuls Arena The stadium was built from 1949, the original plans for the stadium however go back to 1926. A temporary narrow gauge railway line run from 1946 from the city centre to the construction site, the Rosenaustadion was opened on 16 September 1951 with a Germany versus Austria football match, a B-international, drawing a crowd of 51,000. From 1951 to 1972 the Rosenau-stadium possessed an outstanding meaning for German sport, particularly in the disciplines of football and athletics, due to its size, with the opening of Munichs Olympiastadion for the 1972 Summer Olympics, this position was lessened. Despite this, the stadium did host five matches during these games. The record attendance of FC Augsburg dates from 1973 with the game against the 1, the highest attendance at a football game was nearly 65,000 spectators on 9 November 1952 with the international match Germany – Switzerland. The total record is from the year 1958, as 85.000 came to see the team of Germany defeating the Russian team. The record crowd for the home side FC Augsburg is 45,000, FC Nuremberg on 3 August 1974
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Augsburg
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Augsburg is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It was a Free Imperial City for over 500 years and it is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is a district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is the third-largest city in Bavaria with a population of 286,000 citizens, after Neuss and Trier, Augsburg is Germanys third oldest city, being founded by the Romans as Augusta Vindelicorum, named after the Roman emperor Augustus. Augsburg is the only German city with its own legal holiday and this gives Augsburg more legal holidays than any other region or city in Germany. Augsburg was the home of two families that rose to great prominence internationally, replacing the Medicis as Europes leading bankers, the Fugger. Augsburg lies at the convergence of the Alpine rivers Lech and Wertach, in the south extends the Lechfeld, an Outwash plain of the post ice age between the rivers Lech and Wertach, where rare primeval landscapes were preserved. The Augsburg city forest and the Lech valley heaths today rank among the most species-rich middle European habitats, on Augsburg borders the nature park Augsburg Western Woods - a large forestland. The city itself is also heavily greened, as a result, in 1997 Augsburg was the first German city to win the Europe-wide contest Entente Florale for Europes greenest and most livable city. Augsburg is surrounded by the counties Landkreis Augsburg in the west, the neighboring towns and cities are Friedberg, Königsbrunn, Stadtbergen, Neusäß, Gersthofen, Rehling, Affing, Kissing, Mering, Merching, Bobingen, Gessertshausen und Diedorf. Augsburg has a continental climate. The city was founded in 15 BC by Drusus and Tiberius as Augusta Vindelicorum, the name means Augusta of the Vindelici. This garrison camp soon became the capital of the Roman province of Raetia, thus, Augsburg was the intersection of many important European east-west and north-south connections, which later evolved as major trade routes of the Middle Ages. Around 120 AD Augsburg became the capital of the Roman province Raetia, Augsburg was sacked by the Huns in the 5th century AD, by Charlemagne in the 8th century, and by Welf of Bavaria in the 11th century, but arose each time to greater prosperity. Augsburg was granted the status of a Free Imperial City on March 9,1276 and from then until 1803, it was independent of its former overlord, the Prince-Bishop of Augsburg. Frictions between the city-state and the prince-bishops were to remain frequent however, particularly after Augsburg became Protestant and curtailed the rights, with a strategic location as intersection of trade routes to Italy, the Free Imperial City became a major trading center. Augsburg produced large quantities of goods, cloth and textiles. Augsburg became the base of two banking families that rose to prominence, the Fuggers and the Welsers
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Max-Morlock-Stadion
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The Stadion Nürnberg is a stadium in Nuremberg, Germany, which was opened in 1928. It is located next to Zeppelinfeld and it also neighbors the Nuremberg Arena. Since 1966, it has been home stadium to the German Bundesliga club 1, during the 1972 Summer Olympics, it hosted six football matches. In 1967, it hosted the European Cup Winners Cup final between Rangers and Bayern Munich, originally it was known as the Städtisches Stadion until 1945, when it was renamed to Victory-Stadium. In 1961, it returned to its name until 1991. On 14 March 2006, the stadium was renamed easyCredit-Stadion for a period of five years, on 14 February 2013, the stadium was renamed to Grundig-Stadion, after a sponsorship deal with Grundig. In July 2016, the stadium arrived to its current name after the city of Nuremberg could not find a new sponsor. The stadium hosted five games of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the available facilities at the stadium include two changing rooms for players, changing rooms for coaches, referees. Also physician and treatment rooms are available, a 300 m² press area, an area for press conferences, and three TV studios make the Stadion Nürnberg a truly modern stadium. 1200 m² makes up the VIP area with room for 800 guests, to compensate for the large amount of seats there are 15,000 parking spaces with 205 for VIPs. The stadium also has track and field facilities that follow international regulation, a full sprinkler system, that feeds the grass with rain water. The pitch is heated, and lit with a floodlight system. There are two 60 m² video walls that provide video to the fans, there is also a full power back up system, powered by diesel generators. Beginning in 1933, the National Socialists began to use the stadium as an area for the Hitler Youth. The fourth Deutsche Kampfspiele, one of the biggest events organized by the Nazi Sports Body, following 1963, the stadium was reconditioned multiple times, so that it could meet the requirements for football in the Bundesliga. The Stadion Nürnberg has been renovated two times, once in 1988 to 1991, and then again renovation began again in 2002, to be ready in time for the 2006 World Cup. The 2002 renovation cost €56.2 million, the cost is split between the city of Nürnberg, the State of Bavaria and the society, which managed the stadium. The stadium has had its capacity increased to 48,548 and this modernisation was designed and realized by HPP Architects
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Nuremberg
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Nuremberg is a city on the river Pegnitz and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about 170 kilometres north of Munich. It is the second-largest city in Bavaria, and the largest in Franconia, the population as of February 2015, is 517,498, which makes it Germanys fourteenth-largest city. The urban area also includes Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach with a population of 763,854. The European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg has ca.3.5 million inhabitants, Nuremberg was, according to the first documentary mention of the city in 1050, the location of an Imperial castle between the East Franks and the Bavarian March of the Nordgau. From 1050 to 1571, the city expanded and rose dramatically in importance due to its location on key trade routes, Nuremberg is often referred to as having been the unofficial capital of the Holy Roman Empire, particularly because Imperial Diet and courts met at Nuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the structure of the empire. The increasing demand of the court and the increasing importance of the city attracted increased trade. Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two great trade centers on the route from Italy to Northern Europe. In 1298, the Jews of the town were accused of having desecrated the host, behind the massacre of 1298 was also the desire to combine the northern and southern parts of the city, which were divided by the Pegnitz. The Jews of the German lands suffered many massacres during the plague years, in 1349, Nurembergs Jews were subjected to a pogrom. They were burned at the stake or expelled, and a marketplace was built over the former Jewish quarter, the plague returned to the city in 1405,1435,1437,1482,1494,1520 and 1534. Charles was the patron of the Frauenkirche, built between 1352 and 1362, where the Imperial court worshipped during its stays in Nuremberg. Charles IV conferred upon the city the right to conclude alliances independently, frequent fights took place with the burgraves without, however, inflicting lasting damage upon the city. Through these and other acquisitions the city accumulated considerable territory, the Hussite Wars, recurrence of the Black Death in 1437, and the First Margrave War led to a severe fall in population in the mid-15th century. During the Middle Ages, Nurembergs literary culture was rich, varied, the cultural flowering of Nuremberg, in the 15th and 16th centuries, made it the centre of the German Renaissance. In 1525, Nuremberg accepted the Protestant Reformation, and in 1532, during the 1552 revolution against Charles V, Nuremberg tried to purchase its neutrality, but the city was attacked without a declaration of war and was forced into a disadvantageous peace. The state of affairs in the early 16th century, increased trade routes elsewhere, frequent quartering of Imperial, Swedish and League soldiers, the financial costs of the war and the cessation of trade caused irreparable damage to the city and a near-halving of the population. In 1632, the city, occupied by the forces of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, was besieged by the army of Imperial general Albrecht von Wallenstein, the city declined after the war and recovered its importance only in the 19th century, when it grew as an industrial centre
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EWS Arena
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EWS Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Göppingen, Germany. The capacity of the arena is 5,600 people and it hosts the home matches of womens and mens Handball Bundesliga handball teams of Frisch Auf Göppingen. In its previous building, it hosted six team handball matches for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich and it was opened in 1967 and rebuilt and enlarged between 2007 and 2009
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Sporthalle Augsburg
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Sporthalle Augsburg is an indoor arena located in Augsburg, Germany. Completed in 1965, it hosted six team handball matches for the 1972 Summer Olympics in neighboring Munich
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Bay of Kiel
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The Bay of Kiel or Kiel Bay is a bay in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany and the islands of Denmark. It is connected with the Bay of Mecklenburg in the east, the Little Belt in the northwest, maritime traffic entering or leaving the Baltic through the two Belts must enter the bay. Once in, through traffic to the Baltic passes through another strait, the Fehmarn Belt, into the Bay of Mecklenburg, the Kiel Fjord ends at Kiel, the capital of Schleswig-Holstein. The southwest shore of the bay is the coast of Schleswig-Holstein, from the latter drains the Schlei inlet, actually a brackish estuary, at the head of which is the city named after it, Schleswig. In that coast also are two smaller bays, the Eckernförde Bay and the Flensburg Fjord. In the north are the Danish islands of Als, Ærø, kieler Förde, projecting from the bay to the south, is about 17 km long and 1 km wide at its narrowest point. The strategic location was not lost on the founders of Holstein and it became a prolific shipyard, which made it a prime target of allied bombing in World War II. Before the foundation of Kiel in 1242 and the construction of a city there. Any archaeological trace of them, however, either lies under the city or was disturbed long ago, Eckernförde Bay is about 16 km long and turns at the mouth, with the south bank on approximately ten km of the Bay of Kiel. The border with Kiel Fjord is at Bülker lighthouse, the once forested peninsula between Kiel Fjord and Eckernförde Bay formed the borderland between the Saxons and the Danes in the Middle Ages. It was termed the Danish Wold, North of Eckernförde Bay is the Schwansen region, at the end of the bay is the city of Eckernförde. The bay itself hosted the events for the 1936 Summer Olympics mainly held in Berlin. The 42-km Schlei forms the border between the historical regions Angeln and Schwansen and this part of the bay hosted the sailing competitions for the 1972 Summer Olympics held in mainly held Munich, Bavaria. Flensburg Fjord is approximately 50 km long and it forms part of the border between Germany and Denmark and marks north border of Angeln
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Bundesautobahn 96
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Bundesautobahn 96 is a motorway in southern Germany, leading from the Austrian border near Lindau through Memmingen, Landsberg am Lech to Munich. Two European routes lead through the autobahn, E43 and E54 and it was first planned to build a direct connection between Munich and Lindau before World War II, south of Ammersee. During the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, a section from Munich to Oberpfaffenhofen, a 25 km part of the road during those games were used for the road team time trial cycling event. The last two-laned section, from Wangen-Nord to Leutkirch-Süd, was upgraded in 2009, bundesautobahn 96 – Detailed route plan
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Augsburg Eiskanal
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The Augsburg Eiskanal is an artificial whitewater river in Augsburg, Germany, constructed as the canoe slalom venue for the 1972 Summer Olympics in nearby Munich. The first artificial whitewater course of its kind, it introduced the sport of canoe slalom to the Olympic Games, however, because of the expense of building artificial rivers and supplying them with water, canoe slalom was missing from the next four Summer Olympics. It returned with the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, and has featured in every Summer Olympics since then. The Eiskanal has thus served as the prototype for six Olympic whitewater venues, from 1992 through 2012, despite being the oldest, it is still one of the most widely used, hosting two World Championships and numerous World Cup races. It was a World Cup venue for all but four of the years 1990 through 2010, the facility and its website are jointly managed by two clubs with headquartets in the boat house, Augsburger Kayak Club eV and Canoe Schwaben Augsburg. The Hochablass dam on the north-flowing Lech river south of Augsburg dates back to 1647 and it was most recently rebuilt in 1911-1912. The dam diverts water into the Hauptstadtbach which branches into the many canals of the Augsburg Lech district as it flows through the town. In Medieval times, the canals were used for drinking water, water wheel operation, and sewage disposal. In 1875, in order to collect drinking water from the end of the system. The original channel known as the Eiskanal, since it was used to deflect floating ice away from the waterworks facility. By the 1950s, the Eiskanal was already in use as a canoe slalom venue, the 1971 construction cost was 14.9 million Deutsche Marks, equivalent to $24.5 million US. For the 1972 Olympics, this new channel was only the half of a 660-meter race course. Since the standard length of a slalom course was later reduced to 250 to 300 meters. Nonetheless, the sports complex goes by the name Eiskanal. To prepare for the 1972 Olympics, East Germanys team constructed a secret copy of the Eiskanal on the Zwickau Mulde river in the Cainsdorf district of Zwickau. The training there, on the only other artificial rapid, was so successful that East German paddlers won all four Olympic gold medals in canoe slalom. The ruins of the long-abandoned, overgrown canal can still be seen in photographs at 50. 680°N12. 5027°E /50.680,12.5027. This feature is seen in photographs of the channel without water
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Diving at the 1904 Summer Olympics
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At the 1904 Summer Olympics, in St. Louis, diving debuted as an official two-event Olympic sport, exclusive for men. The competitions were held on Monday, September 5,1904 and on Wednesday and it included the only Olympic appearance of the plunge for distance event. A total of ten divers from two nations competed at the St. Louis Games, Germany United States Olympic Medal Winners
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Forest Park (St. Louis)
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Forest Park is a public park located in the western portion of the city of St. Louis, Missouri, United States. It is a prominent civic center and covers 1,371 acres, opened in 1876, more than a decade after its proposal, the park has hosted several significant events, including the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904 and the 1904 Summer Olympics. Since the early-2000s, it has carried out a $100 million restoration of its facilities through a public-private partnership aided by its Master Plan, changes have extended to improving landscaping and habitat as well. The parks acreage includes meadows and trees and a variety of ponds, manmade lakes, for several years, the park has been restoring prairie and wetlands areas of the park. It has reduced flooding and attracted a greater variety of birds and wildlife. An 1864 plan for a park in the city limits was rejected by St. Louis voters. In 1872, St. Louis developer Hiram Leffingwell proposed a 1, the next year another developer, Andrew McKinley, prepared another proposal that met legal challenges. The tract selected that became Forest Park included a heavily forested 1, using McKinleys proposal as a guide, in 1874 the General Assembly passed the Forest Park Act, which established the park and created a county-wide property tax to fund it. In November 1874, the Missouri Supreme Court upheld the new law and referred all questions of land ownership and value to the circuit court. The largest parcels of land needed for the park belonged to Thomas Skinker, Charles P. Chouteau, Julia Maffitt, and William Forsyth, the city purchased the land for a price of $849,058, with another million dollars dedicated to maintenance and improvement. The state of the parkland in 1876 was rural, on the eastern and western edges of the park were unpaved roads. Flowing through the lowlands and turning southeast in the park was the River des Peres. The southwestern part of the park was heavily forested land, a railroad right-of-way cut through the northeast corner of the park. Maximillian G. Kern and Julius Pitzman, the Prussian-born St. Louis Surveyor, the park was dedicated June 24,1876 with a crowd of about 50,000 in attendance. Officials and a band occupied a music stand and podium, and dedicated a statue of Edward Bates, by the early 1890s, streetcar lines reached the park, carrying nearly 3 million visitors a year. After the closing of the city zoo during this period, its animals were moved to a facility in the park, in 1901, Forest Park was selected as the location of the 1904 Worlds Fair, known as the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The fair opened April 30,1904 and closed December 1,1904, in addition to the fair, the park hosted the diving, swimming, and water polo events for the 1904 Summer Olympics. Fifteen sports offered Olympic competition events, but women could compete only in archery, the 1904 Games were the first time that African Americans were allowed to compete
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Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics
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At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, two diving events were contested, both for men only. The competition was held on Tuesday July 14,1908 and Friday July 24,1908, the events are labelled as 3 metre springboard and 10 metre platform by the International Olympic Committee, and appeared on the 1908 Official Report as high diving and fancy diving. The high diving event included dives from both 10 metre and 5 metre platforms, while the fancy diving included dives from 3 metre and 1 metre springboards. A total of 39 divers from 9 nations competed at the London Games, Australasia Belgium Canada Finland Germany Great Britain Italy Sweden United States Cook, the Fourth Olympiad, Being the Official Report
34.
White City Stadium
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It also hosted swimming, speedway and a match at the 1966 World Cup, before the stadium was demolished in 1985. It was the first Olympic Stadium in the UK, from 1927 until 1984 it was the premier venue for greyhound racing hosting the English Greyhound Derby. Designed by the engineer J. J, the cost of construction was £60,000. Upon completion, the stadium had a running track 24 ft wide, the infield included a swimming and diving pool. Many events of the 1908 Olympics were at the stadium itself, swimming was held at White City, in a 100-yard pool dug in the infield. The position of the line for the marathon in the 1908 Summer Olympics is commemorated by a marker in the plaza that now stands there. The distance of the marathon was fixed at these Games. The medal table for the 1908 Summer Olympics is also listed on a nearby wall, the original running track continued in use until 1914. There were attempts to sell the stadium in 1922, but several athletes in the team for the 1924 Summer Olympics used it for training, in 1926 the GRA took over the stadium and in 1927, the track was grassed over for greyhound racing and speedway. They built new covered terracing and a restaurant, from 1927 until its closure it hosted weekly greyhound meetings and was considered the top greyhound track in Britain. It hosted the premier event, the English Greyhound Derby. Just before and after the Second World War attendances were huge, in 1931, a 440yd running track was installed for the Amateur Athletic Association Championships, held there from 1932 to 1970. Besides the AAA championships, major events, including international matches, were held at the stadium. In 1954 in a match against Russia Christopher Chataway broke the world 5000m record running against Vladimir Kuts, the one mile world record was broken there by Derek Ibbotson in 1957. In 1934 the second British Empire Games and the fourth Womens World Games were held at the venue, also in 1931, Queens Park Rangers F. C. began the first of two spells playing at the stadium, until 1933. QPR eventually decided against a permanent move to White City and stayed at Loftus Road, between 1932 and 1958 the stadium hosted major British boxing events, with attendances peaking as high as 90,000 for the second meeting between Len Harvey and Jack Petersen in 1934. The first major fight at the stadium was Len Harvey’s unsuccessful challenge for the NBA Middleweight Championship versus Marcel Thil of France, future heavyweight champion Primo Carnera suffered his only defeat on British soil here when he lost to Canadian Larry Gains in May 1932. Other important fighters to appear at White City include Jock McAvoy, Don Cockell, Nino Valdez, Henry Cooper, in 1933, Wigan Highfield, a rugby league side, nearly became bankrupt
