1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Facebook
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Facebook is an American for-profit corporation and an online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California. Facebook gradually added support for students at other universities. Since 2006, anyone age 13 and older has been allowed to become a user of Facebook, though variations exist in the minimum age requirement. The Facebook name comes from the face book directories often given to United States university students, Facebook may be accessed by a large range of desktops, laptops, tablet computers, and smartphones over the Internet and mobile networks. After registering to use the site, users can create a user profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups organized by workplace, school, hobbies or other topics, in groups, editors can pin posts to top. Additionally, users can complain about or block unpleasant people, because of the large volume of data that users submit to the service, Facebook has come under scrutiny for its privacy policies. Facebook makes most of its revenue from advertisements which appear onscreen, Facebook, Inc. held its initial public offering in February 2012, and began selling stock to the public three months later, reaching an original peak market capitalization of $104 billion. On July 13,2015, Facebook became the fastest company in the Standard & Poors 500 Index to reach a market cap of $250 billion, Facebook has more than 1.86 billion monthly active users as of December 31,2016. As of April 2016, Facebook was the most popular social networking site in the world, Facebook classifies users from the ages of 13 to 18 as minors and therefore sets their profiles to share content with friends only. Zuckerberg wrote a program called Facemash on October 28,2003 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore, to accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into protected areas of Harvards computer network and copied private dormitory ID images. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online, the site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final exam. He uploaded 500 Augustan images to a website, each of which was featured with a corresponding comments section and he shared the site with his classmates, and people started sharing notes. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004 and he said that he was inspired by an editorial about the Facemash incident in The Harvard Crimson. On February 4,2004, Zuckerberg launched Thefacebook, originally located at thefacebook. com. com and they claimed that he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to The Harvard Crimson and the newspaper began an investigation and they later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling in 2008 for 1.2 million shares. Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, within the first month, eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, Andrew McCollum, and Chris Hughes joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website
3.
Rudyard Kipling
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Joseph Rudyard Kipling was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist. Kiplings works of fiction include The Jungle Book, Kim, and many short stories and his poems include Mandalay, Gunga Din, The Gods of the Copybook Headings, The White Mans Burden, and If—. Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the United Kingdom, Henry James said, Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known. In 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize and its youngest recipient to date. He was also sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on occasions for a knighthood. Kiplings subsequent reputation has changed according to the political and social climate of the age, George Orwell called him a prophet of British imperialism. Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote, is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary, but as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced. That, and a recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts. Rudyard Kipling was born on 30 December 1865, in Bombay, in the Bombay Presidency of British India, to Alice Kipling, Alice was a vivacious woman about whom Lord Dufferin would say, Dullness and Mrs. Kipling cannot exist in the same room. Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor and pottery designer, was the Principal, John Lockwood and Alice had met in 1863 and courted at Rudyard Lake in Rudyard, Staffordshire, England. They married and moved to India in 1865 and they had been so moved by the beauty of the Rudyard Lake area that when their first child was born they referenced it when naming him. Alices sister Georgiana was married to painter Edward Burne-Jones, and her sister Agnes was married to painter Edward Poynter, Kiplings most famous relative was his first cousin, Stanley Baldwin, who was Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times in the 1920s and 1930s. Kiplings birth home on the campus of the J J School of Art in Bombay for many years was used as the Deans residence. Although the cottage bears a plaque stating that this is the site where Kipling was born, the original cottage may have torn down decades ago. Some historians and conservationists are also of the view that the bungalow merely marks a site close to the home of his birth, as the bungalow was built in 1882, Kipling seems to have also said so to the dean when he visited J J School in the 1930s. Kipling was to write of Bombay, According to Bernice M. Murphy, Kipling’s parents considered themselves Anglo-Indians and so too would their son, complex issues of identity and national allegiance would become prominent features in his fiction. So one spoke English, haltingly translated out of the idiom that one thought. Kiplings days of light and darkness in Bombay ended when he was five years old
4.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
5.
British Phonographic Industry
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The BPI Limited, commonly known as the British Phonographic Industry or BPI, is the British recorded music industrys trade association. Its membership comprises hundreds of companies including all three major record companies in the UK, and hundreds of independent music labels and small to medium-sized music businesses. It has represented the interests of British record companies since being formally incorporated in 1973 when the aim was to promote British music. In 2007, the legal name was changed from British Phonographic Industry Limited. It founded the annual BRIT Awards for the British music industry in 1977, the organizing company, BRIT Awards Limited, is a fully owned subsidiary of the BPI. Proceeds from both shows go to the BRIT Trust, the arm of the BPI that has donated almost £15m to charitable causes nationwide since its foundation in 1989. In September 2013, the BPI presented the first ever BRITs Icon Award to Sir Elton John, the BPI also endorsed the launch of the Mercury Prize for the Album of the Year in 1992. In September 2008, the BPI became one of the members of UK Music. The BRIT Trust is the music charity actively supporting all types of education across the entire spectrum of music. Through the projects it supports, which include Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy and the BRIT School, proceeds from the BRIT Awards and the Classic BRITs shows go to the BRIT Trust, which has donated almost £15m to charitable causes nationwide since its foundation. Opened in September 1991, the BRIT School is a joint venture between The BRIT Trust and the Department for Education and Skills, based at Selhurst in Croydon, the school is the only non fee-paying performing arts school in the UK. It teaches up to 1,100 students each year aged from 14–19 years in music, dance, drama, musical theatre, production, media and art & design. Students are from diverse backgrounds and are not required to stick to their own discipline, dancers learn songwriting. Nor do students have to work/perform in the evening to pay for the tuition, the BPI administers the Platinum, Gold and Silver awards scheme for music releases in the United Kingdom. The level of the award varies depending on the format of the release, member companies do, however, still have the option to certify titles based on shipment levels if they choose to. Since July 2014, audio streaming has also included for singles at a ratio of 100 streams equivalent to 1 unit. From June 2015, audio streams were added to album certifications, according to BPI, they would take the 12 most-streamed tracks from the standard version of an album, with the top two songs down-weighted in line with the average of the rest. The total of these streams will be divided by 1,000, additionally, personnel are also seconded to the City of London Police Intellectual Property Crime Unit top support anti-piracy operations
6.
Don Airey
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Donald Smith Don Airey has been the keyboardist in the rock band Deep Purple since 2002, after the retirement of Jon Lord. He has also worked with Andrew Lloyd Webber, inspired by his father, Norman Airey, Don Airey took a love for music at a young age and was trained in classical piano from the age of seven. He continued his love for music by earning a degree at the University of Nottingham, in 1971 he moved to London and joined Cozy Powells band Hammer. Don worked on albums with solo artists and was a session musician on the 1978 Black Sabbath album Never Say Die. Soon after, he joined guitarist Ritchie Blackmores band, Rainbow, with Rainbow he contributed to two hit albums, Down to Earth and Difficult to Cure. After leaving Rainbow in 1981, Airey joined with Ozzy Osbourne for a stint where he helped with the albums Bark at the Moon. He also played on the Diary of a Madman Tour from 1981 to 1982, Airey joined Jethro Tull in 1987 for their tour in support of Crest of a Knave. The same year saw the release of Whitesnakes multi-platinum Whitesnake. Soon after he quit the band to record the solo album K2 – Tales of Triumph and Tragedy. In it he plays with Gary Moore, Keith Airey – guitars, Cozy Powell – drums, Laurence Cottle – bass, Chris Thompson, Colin Blunstone, Mel Galley, in 1990, Airey recorded keyboard parts for several songs on Judas Priests album Painkiller. However, as the band wanted the album to have a heavier sound than their previous work, he appeared on one song on the finished album. In 1997 he arranged and played on Love Shine a Light by Katrina, in 1999 he joined Manchester-based melodic hard rock band Ten where he played keyboards on the album Babylon which was released in 2000. He also toured with the band in support of the new album and he also worked with Iron Maidens Bruce Dickinson on one of Dickinsons solo albums, playing keyboards on Darkness Be My Friend. Airey also played keyboards on At Vances mastermind Olaf Lenks first solo album Sunset Cruise, in 2006 Airey featured on Gary Moores release Old New Ballads Blues contributing to all tracks. In 2008 Airey released his solo album, A Light in the Sky. In early 2014 Airey joined hard rock band Hollywood Monsters where he played keyboards on the track Move On on the album Big Trouble which was released in 2014 on Mausoleum Records. The album features Steph Honde on vocals and guitars, Vinny Appice on drums, Tim Bogert on bass, Airey joined Deep Purple in 2001 to fill in for an injured Jon Lord, who subsequently retired from the band. Airey joined the band as a full-time keyboardist in March 2002 and he has recorded four studio albums with the band, Bananas, Rapture of the Deep, Now What. and Infinite
7.
Do You Wanna Touch Me
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Do You Wanna Touch Me, also referred to as Do You Wanna Touch Me. is a song performed by Gary Glitter. The song reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1973, the song represented something of a departure from the trademark of the Glitter sound and it was co-written by Glitter and his record producer Mike Leander. The song was used in The Runaways biopic of the same name. Do You Wanna Touch Me was later covered by rock singer Joan Jett in 1980 on her album Bad Reputation and it reached number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982. Jetts version of the song appears in a 2008 TV commercial for Hewlett-Packards TouchSmart computers, the commercial was withdrawn when the company learned that Glitter, now a convicted child molester, had written the song. On 29 October 2008, it was reported that Glitter would receive £100,000 in royalties from Hewlett Packard for the advertisement, on the TV show Glee, Holly Holliday and the members of the Glee Club cover this song in the episode Sexy. The performance caused controversy in the UK over the resulting royalty payments to Glitter. The charity Kidscape said the inclusion was wholly inappropriate. The UK version of the Album Glee, The Music, Volume 5 does not therefore include the song, the Cure played this song several times during the Head Tour in 1985. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
8.
Hello, Hello, I'm Back Again
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Hello, Hello, Im Back Again is a 1973 hit single performed by Gary Glitter and co-written by Glitter and his producer Mike Leander. The title of the song is sung once and as a result other more frequent sung lines have become alternative titles. Sometimes the title is shortened to simply Hello, Hello, the song is about a man calling his lover after being away for some time and begins with Did you miss me, while I was away. With Hello, hello, its good to be back, Good to be back sung repeatedly in the chorus. It reached number 2 in the United Kingdom, charting in other countries. The song has featured on a number of Glitter compilations and live albums since, as well as his 1973 studio album. In 1995 the song returned to the UK charts when Glitter re-recorded it, under the title Hello, Hello, Im Back Again. Swiss industrial band The Young Gods covered the song for their 1987 debut album The Young Gods under the title Did You Miss Me. -3,22 The Irrtum Boys -2,41
9.
I'm the Leader of the Gang (I Am)
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Im the Leader of the Gang is a song written by Gary Glitter and Mike Leander and produced by Mike Leander. It was Glitters first number one single in the UK, spending four weeks at the top of the chart in July 1973. The song Im the Leader of the Gang was a top hit for British rock singer Gary Glitter and it was written by Gary Glitter and Mike Leander and produced by Mike Leander. As a result of its popularity, Glitters nickname became The Leader of the Gang, the song is a glam rock anthem typical of Glitters early 1970s output, based on a simple mid-tempo rhythm and loud chanted backing vocals such as Hey. and Come on, come on. Glitter has said in interviews that he and Leander preferred to play everything themselves, the song became a concert favourite with the crowd chanting the Come On, Come On refrain before Glitter took to the stage. Although Glitters version failed to chart in the USA, the year a version by Brownsville Station made the top 30 on the Cashbox top 100. In 1986, still a live act, Glitter re-recorded the song with Girlschool. This version missed the UK charts but reached #12 in Australia, in 1997, Spice Girls covered the song for their movie Spice World. Gary Glitter originally made a appearance in the movie. The song was used in the 1997 movie The Full Monty where it is credited in the trailer section, in 1982, the Peacehavens punk band Peter and the Test Tube Babies covered the song on their album Pissed and Proud. In 1993, comedy metal band Green Jellÿ released Im the Leader of the Gang, the release scored them a third Top 40 hit in the United Kingdom. Im the Leader of the Gang Im the Leader of the Gang Thing-a-Ma-Bob Hulkamaniac Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
10.
Glitter (Gary Glitter album)
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Glitter was an album released in 1972 by British glam rock singer Gary Glitter, produced by Bell Records. Two tracks, I Didnt Know I Loved You and Rock And Roll, the album featured, in addition to including the two singles, other original songs that generated fan support, including Rock On. Shakey Sue and The Famous Instigator, as well as Glitters versions of Baby, Please Dont Go, the disc was a best-seller, reaching a high of #8 in the UK charts. The album was the first by Glitter to achieve international success, the album was reissued in 2009 under Airmail Records including five bonus tracks, Im the Leader of the Gang, Just Fancy That, I Love You Love Me Love, Hands Up. Its a Stick-Up, and Remember Me This Way. Rock and Roll Part 13,01 Baby, Please Dont Go 2.53 The Wanderer 2,44 I Didnt Know I Loved You 3,22 Aint That a Shame 2,39 School Day 3,07 Rock On. Its a Stick-Up Remember Me This Way
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