1.
U.S. Route 1 in Florida
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U. S. Highway 1 in Florida runs 545 miles along the states east coast from Key West to its crossing of the St. Marys River into Georgia north of Boulogne, and south of Folkston. US1 was designated through Florida when the United States Numbered Highway System was established in 1926, the road is maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation. From its national terminus in Key West, US1 carries the Overseas Highway—the Keys main highway north to the mainland. North of Jacksonville, US1 curves inland towards the St. Marys River as it enters Georgia. /US17 in Jacksonville to the Georgia state line near Boulogne, among other designations, US1 is a designated Blue Star Memorial Highway along its entire route through the state. Markers are placed at locations, including one in Rockledge. US1 officially begins at the Monroe County courthouse at the intersection of Whitehead and Fleming Streets and it proceeds south as Whitehead Street, a two-laned street, until the intersection with Truman Avenue, which takes it east through central Key West. Truman Avenue becomes North Roosevelt Boulevard about a mile east, and remains so until leaving the island, the road follows the northern shore of this section of Key West, then after curving southward, it meets State Road A1A head-on at a T-intersection before continuing east. This intersection also marks the terminus of the Overseas Highway. The highway expands to four lanes as it crosses the Bahia Honda Bridge, after Little Duck Key, US1 enters Knights Key, Boot Key, Key Vaca and the town of Marathon via the Seven Mile Bridge, thus leaving the lower Keys. US1 runs through Marathon as a four-laned road, after Key Vaca, the road becomes two-laned once more and runs through Fat Deer Key, where it forms the northern boundary of the city of Key Colony Beach. It then continues wholly in Marathon through Long Point Key, Crawl Key, the road then crosses to Little Conch Key and then Conch Key, both part of the Duck Key district. US1 then crosses to and traverses Long Key, which is mostly unincorporated except for the city of Layton, the road then reaches Craig Key, and then the village of Islamorada including Lower Matecumbe Key, Tea Table Key, Upper Matecumbe Key and Windley Key. US1 crosses a drawbridge onto Plantation Key, where it expands to four lanes, immediately the Overseas Highway enters Tavernier, where it temporarily splits into a pair of one-way roads through the community. Soon the road enters the community of Key Largo, which features another pair of one-way roads. Signage approaching the intersection directs northbound motorists to take this route if the lights on it are flashing. US1 swings to the northwest, forms the boundary of North Key Largo. After crossing the Jewfish Creek Bridge and travelling along Cross Key, US1 crosses Manatee Creek, along with the Miami-Dade County boundary, for the first 14 miles in Miami-Dade County, US1 is a divided two-lane road bordering the Everglades National Park on the west. It is named South Dixie Highway from the county line to Miami and its first major intersection is with the north end of Card Sound Road south of Florida City
2.
Miami, Florida
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
3.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
Kohn Pedersen Fox
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Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates is an American architecture firm which provides architecture, interior, programming and master planning services for clients in both the public and private sectors. KPF is one of the largest architecture firms in the world and is one of the largest in New York City. KPF’s projects over the last 10 years include Roppongi Hills in Tokyo, Unilever House in London, the Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas, the Stephen M. In New York, KPF is presently designing the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project, KPF recently completed One Jackson Square and served as Executive Architect for the 10-year phased expansion and renovation of New Yorks Museum of Modern Art. Current projects around the world include the Midfield Terminal Complex at the Abu Dhabi International Airport, kPFs philosophy is firmly rooted in the belief that success is the result of collaboration and dialogue. KPF explains, “A similar sentiment is central to the manner in which we weave our buildings into the environmental fabric, for a firm of its size, KPF takes on an unusually large number of restoration and renovation projects. Examples of this work include The World Bank Headquarters, Unilever House, KPF has been recognized for workplace collaboration. Shortly after its founding in 1976, the American Broadcasting Company chose KPF to redevelop a former building on Manhattan’s West Side to house TV studios. This experience led to 14 more projects for ABC over the next 11 years, as well as commissions from major corporations across the country, including the AT&T, by the mid-1980s, KPF had nearly 250 architects working on projects in cities throughout the United States. It remains a Chicago landmark, and was voted “Favorite Building” by the readers of the Chicago Tribune in both 1995 and 1997. In 1986, KPF’s Procter & Gamble Headquarters in Cincinnati, which included an open plan interior design by Patricia Conway, was recognized for its design with the AIA National Honor Award. In the 1990s, KPF also took on a number of government and civic projects. Courthouse in New York, the Mark O. Hatfield U. S, courthouse in Portland, OR, the U. S. Courthouse of Minneapolis, the Buffalo Niagara International Airport and the multiple award-winning redevelopment of The World Bank Headquarters in Washington, D. C. KPF’s winning entry in the competition for the World Bank Headquarters. KPF’s sensitive design solution for the World Bank, its first D. C. project, KPF completed the design for two blocks of the large-scale Canary Wharf redevelopment and the Goldman Sachs Headquarters on Fleet Street. KPF has been selected for projects in the Canary Wharf area through the present day, KPF’s subsequent work in the U. K. includes Thames Court in London, the Rothermere American Institute at Oxford University and the master plan for the London School of Economics. KPFs introduction to the Asian market began with the 4,500, within 10 years, KPF had projects in Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China
6.
Skyscraper
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A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m are classified as megatall. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls and these curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterized by surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure, and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, a relatively big building may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes well above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. High-rise buildings are considered shorter than skyscrapers, the first steel-frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. Even the scholars making the argument find it to be purely academic and this definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicagos Monadnock Building. What is the characteristic of the tall office building. The force and power of altitude must be in it, the glory and it must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exaltation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a significant load factor than earthquake or weight. Note that this criterion fits not only high-rises but some other tall structures, the word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. A loose convention of some in the United States and Europe draws the limit of a skyscraper at 150 m or 490 ft. The tallest building in ancient times was the 146 m Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt and it was not surpassed in height for thousands of years, the 14th century AD Lincoln Cathedral being conjectured by many to have exceeded it
7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
8.
Miami
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
9.
Class A office space
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When used as an adjective, the term office may refer to business-related tasks. In legal writing, a company or organization has offices in any place that it has a presence, even if that presence consists of, for example. In modern terms an office usually refers to the location where white-collar workers are employed, as per James Stephenson, Office is that part of business enterprise which is devoted to the direction and co-ordination of its various activities. Offices in classical antiquity were often part of a complex or a large temple. The High Middle Ages saw the rise of the chancery, which was usually the place where most government letters were written. With the growth of large, complex organizations in the 18th century, the first purpose-built office spaces were constructed. The time and motion study, pioneered in manufacturing by F. W. Taylor led to the “Modern Efficiency Desk” with a top and drawers below. However, by the midpoint of the 20th century, it became apparent that an efficient office required discretion in the control of privacy, the main purpose of an office environment is to support its occupants in performing their job. Work spaces in an office are typically used for conventional office activities such as reading, writing, there are nine generic types of work space, each supporting different activities. In addition to individual cubicles, there are meeting rooms, lounges. Some offices also have an area where workers can make their lunches. There are many different ways of arranging the space in an office and whilst these vary according to function, managerial fashions and the culture of specific companies can be even more important. While offices can be built in almost any location and in almost any building, some modern requirements for offices make this difficult, such as requirements for light, networking. The primary purpose of a building is to provide a workplace and working environment primarily for administrative. These workers usually occupy set areas within the building, and usually are provided with desks, PCs. The structure and shape of the office is impacted by both management thought as well as materials and may or may not have walls or barriers. The word stems from the Latin officium, and its equivalents in various, mainly romance, languages. An officium was not necessarily a place, but rather an often mobile bureau in the sense of a staff or even the abstract notion of a formal position
10.
Multi-storey car park
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A multi-storey car park is a building designed for car parking and where there are a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place. It is essentially a stacked car park, the term multistorey car park is used in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and many Commonwealth of Nations countries and commonly spelled with a hyphen. In the western United States, the parking structure is used. In some places in North America, parking garage refers only to an indoor, often underground, Parking ramp is used in the upper Midwest, especially Minnesota and Wisconsin, and has been incorrectly observed as far east as Rochester, New York. Parkade is widely used in Canada and South Africa Parking building is used in New Zealand. Architects and civil engineers in the USA are likely to call it a parking structure, since their work is all about structures, when attached to a high-rise of another use, it is sometimes called a parking podium. Natural or mechanical ventilation provides fresh air flow to disperse car exhaust in normal conditions, or hot gas, the earliest known multi-storey car park was built in 1918 for the Hotel La Salle at 215 West Washington Street in the West Loop area of downtown Chicago, Illinois. It was designed by Holabird and Roche, the Hotel La Salle was demolished in 1976, but the parking structure remained because it had been designated as preliminary landmark status and the structure was several blocks from the hotel. It was demolished in 2005 after failing to receive landmark status from the city of Chicago, a 49-storey apartment tower,215 West, has taken its place, also featuring a multi-tiered parking garage. An alternative claim has emerged from Glasgow, Scotland, for a building that was built between 1906 and 1912, in the 1920s an English cartoonist imagined a hotel for cars, he drew a multi-storey car park. Many car parks are independent buildings dedicated exclusively to that use, the design loads for car parks are often less than the office building they serve, leading to long floor spans of 55–60 feet that permit cars to park in rows without supporting columns in between. The most common structural systems in the United States for these structures are either prestressed concrete floor systems or post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete floor systems. This saves land for other uses, is cheaper and more practical in most cases than a separate structure and it protects customers and their cars from weather such as rain, snow, or hot summer sunshine that raises a vehicles interior temperature to extremely high levels. In Toronto, a 2,400 space parking lot below Nathan Phillips Square is one of the worlds largest, car parks which serve shopping centres can be built adjacent to the centre for easier access at each floor between shops and parking. One example is Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, a common position for car parks within shopping centres in the UK is on the roof, around the various utility systems, enabling customers to take lifts straight down into the centre. Examples of such are The Oracle in Reading and Festival Place in Basingstoke and these garages often have low ceiling clearances, which restrict access by full-size vans and other large vehicles. On 15 December 2013, a man was killed during a robbery in the garage at The Mall at Short Hills in Millburn, the ambulance responding to the shooting was delayed because it was too large to enter the garage. Parking structures are subjected to the heavy and shifting loads of moving vehicles, expansion joints are used between sections not only for thermal expansion but to accommodate the flexing of the structures sections due to vehicle traffic
11.
Miami International Airport
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Miami International Airport, also known as MIA and historically Wilcox Field, is the primary airport serving the Miami area, United States. It is South Floridas main airport for international flights. Miami International is also one of only eight U. S. airports to accommodate the Airbus A380 jumbo jet and it is a focus airport for Avianca, Frontier Airlines, and LATAM, both for passengers and cargo operations. Miami International Airport has passenger and cargo flights to cities throughout the Americas, Europe and Western Asia, as well as cargo flights to East Asia. In the past, it has been a hub for Braniff International Airways, Eastern Air Lines, Air Florida, the original National Airlines, the original Pan Am, United Airlines, Iberia and Fine Air. In 2011 the airport ranked first in the United States by percentage of international flights and second by volume of international passengers, in 2016,44,901,753 passengers traveled through the airport, making the airport the 23rd-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic. The airport also ranks as the 10th busiest airport in the United States by annual passenger count and is the busiest airport in the state of Florida, the airport also handled more international cargo than any other airport in the United States. For the World War II and United States Air Force Reserve use of the airport, Pan American World Airways opened an expanded facility adjacent to City Airport, Pan American Field, in 1928. Pan American Field was built on 116 acres of land on 36th Street and was the only airport in the eastern United States that had port of entry facilities. Its runways were located around the threshold of todays Runway 26R, Eastern Airlines began to serve Pan American Field in 1931, followed by National Airlines in 1936. National used a terminal on the side of LeJeune Road from the airport. In 1945 the City of Miami established a Port Authority and raised bond revenue to purchase Pan American Field and it merged with the Army airfield south of the railroad in 1949 and expanded further in 1951 when the railroad line was moved south to make room. The old terminal on 36th Street was closed in 1959 when the passenger terminal opened. Nonstop flights to Chicago and Newark started in late 1946, but nonstops didnt reach west beyond St. Louis, nonstop transatlantic flights began in 1970. In the late 1970s and early 1980s Air Florida had a hub at MIA, Air Florida ceased operations in 1982 after the crash of Air Florida Flight 90. British Airways flew a Concorde triweekly between Miami and London via Washington, D. C. from 1984 to 1991, in the midst of Easterns turmoil American Airlines CEO Bob Crandall sought a new hub in order to utilize new aircraft which AA had on order. AA studies indicated that Delta Air Lines would provide strong competition on most routes from Easterns hub at Atlanta, American announced that it would establish a base at MIA in August 1988. The effort quickly proved futile, and American purchased the routes in a liquidation of Eastern which was completed in 1990, later in the 1990s, American transferred more employees and equipment to MIA from its failed domestic hubs at Nashville and Raleigh–Durham
12.
900 Biscayne
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900 Biscayne Bay is a skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located in northeastern Downtown, on Biscayne Bay along the west side of Biscayne Boulevard and it opened for residential occupancy in early 2008. The tower is 650 feet tall and has 63 floors, the building currently stands as the 4th-tallest building in Miami and in the state of Florida, behind the Four Seasons Hotel Miami, Southeast Financial Center and Marquis Miami. It also stands as tallest all-residential building in the city and the state and it is also adjacent to the Park West Metromover station. The 1.5 million square foot tower will have 516 residential condominiums and 800 parking spaces, there are eleven typical units on each of the lower floors, with two-level townhomes and penthouses on the uppermost floors. The bottom three floors will consist of a three story lobby, retail shops, restaurant and outdoor café. The three storey main lobby is located 18 ft above the ground and there is a porte cochere entrance
13.
Biscayne Bay
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Biscayne Bay is a lagoon that is approximately 35 miles long and up to 8 miles wide located on the Atlantic coast of South Florida, United States. It is usually divided for purposes of discussion and analysis into three parts, North Bay, Central Bay, and South Bay and its area is 428 square miles. The drainage basin covers 938 square miles, discovered by Ponce de Leon, he landed there and was originally named Santa Marta. The North Bay of the Biscayne Bay lies between Miami Beach barrier island and Miami on the mainland, however, water quality has steadily improved since regular monitoring began in 1979. North Bay accounts for only 10% of the area of the bay. Central Bay is the largest part of the bay and it is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Safety Valve. It has been adversely affected primarily by bulkheading, urban runoff discharged by canals, South Bay is nearly as large as Central Bay, and is the least affected by human activities, although it also suffers from the loss of natural fresh water flow. South Bay is separated from the Straits of Florida by the northernmost of the Florida Keys and it is connected to Florida Bay through a few small channels. Construction began on July 22,1912, although the cost of the project was initially $75,000, the construction project faced delays and cost overruns. The budge was partially completed in 1913, the bridge was hailed as the longest wooden vehicle bridge in the world, and opened up the area as a luxury winter resort and playground. The bridge terminated at the Dixie Highway, built by Carl G. Fisher, the bridge was a toll bridge, in 1920, the toll was reduced from 20 cents each way to 15 cents one way. The bridge was torn down in 1925 and replaced with the more substantial Venetian Causeway the next year, in 1925, Biscayne Point was created in Miami Beachs north end. In 1929, a third causeway crossed Biscayne Bay at Normandy Isle, the Julia Tuttle Causeway was built in 1959. Other causeways are the John F. Kennedy and Broad causeways, the Card Sound Bridge connects the mainland in the Homestead, Florida area to the northern part of Key Largo. In 1975, the bay was designated as an aquatic preserve. The aquatic preserve spans the entirety of Biscayne Bay from Oleta River in the north to Card Sound in the south, with the exception of the part of the bay. A second preserve was added off of Cape Florida on Key Biscayne. These two preserves are now managed by the state of Florida under the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves, seven remaining houses of Biscayne Bays Stiltsville settlement are now within the boundaries of this National Park which was established in 1980
14.
Bayfront Park
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Bayfront Park is a 32-acre public, urban park in Downtown Miami, Florida on Biscayne Bay. The park began construction in 1924 under the plans of Warren Henry Manning. Beginning in 1980, it underwent a redesign by Japanese-American modernist artist and landscape architect. Today, Bayfront Park is maintained by the Bayfront Park Management Trust, Bayfront Park is bordered on the north by Bayside Marketplace and the American Airlines Arena, on the south by Chopin Plaza, on the west by Biscayne Boulevard and on the east by Biscayne Bay. Seven blocks north is Bayfront Parks partner park, the 30-acre Bicentennial Park, along with Cermak, who died of his wounds 19 days later, four other people were hit by the gunman, one of whom also died. A serious debate has ensued as to whether Zangara had been trying to assassinate Roosevelt instead of Cermak. Bayfront Park holds the citys annual Americas Birthday Bash on Independence Day, the park also hosts the citys official New Years Eve party that annually hosts over 70,000 visitors. Visitors are encouraged to take public transport for events at Bayfront Park as parking can be scarce, the nearest Metrorail station is Government Center. From there a connection to the Metromover is available with three stops near the park, Bayfront Park, First Street, and College/Bayside. It also holds the Ultra Music Festival which goes on for 3 days and has attendance of 55,000 people each day and 165,000 people over the three days. Caesar LaMonaca, was a composer and band leader for the City of Miami and his band gave musical performances in its Bayfront Park from 1928-1978. LaMonaca ended his tenure as the city’s musical maestro in 1978, after falling from the podium during a performance. The Klipsch Amphitheatre has a capacity of 10,000 people,2,672 fixed benches and 7,328 in the lawn. The Tina Hills Pavilion is a pavilion with a seating capacity of 1,000 people,200 fixed seats and 800 in the lawn. A series of events have taken place on a temporary street circuit at Bayfront Park dating back to 1983
15.
Metromover
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Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami, Florida, United States. Metromover serves the Downtown Miami, Brickell, Park West and Omni neighborhoods, Metromover connects directly with Metrorail at Government Center and Brickell stations. It also connects to Metrobus with dedicated bus loops at Government Center and it originally began service to the Downtown/Inner Loop on April 17,1986, and was later expanded with the Omni and Brickell Loop extensions on May 26,1994. The Metromover serves primarily as a way to travel within the greater Downtown Miami neighborhoods. The system is composed of three loops and 21 stations, the stations are located approximately two blocks away from each other, and connect near all major buildings and places in the Downtown area. Together with Metrorail, the system has seen steady ridership growth per annum, in 1987, the then just one year old people mover system set a record in daily ridership of 33,053 on a Saturday attributed to the new Bayside Marketplace. That same year was when the planning began to extend the system to Brickell and Omni, until November 2002 when the half-penny transit tax was approved, the Metromover had a fare of 25 cents. However, ridership fell with the subsequent economic downturn and high unemployment in the half of the decade. By 2012, ridership had once again increased with population, high gas prices. When the Omni and Brickell extensions were first planned, it was estimated that ridership on the system would reach 43,000 daily by 2000. There are 21 accessible Metromover stations located throughout Downtown Miami and Brickell roughly every two blocks, the Metromover links all of Downtown and Brickells major office buildings, residential buildings, hotels, and retail centers. Major attractions such as the Stephen P, running clockwise, the Downtown Loop serves all Downtown stations except Third Street station. The Outer Loop runs counterclockwise and share tracks around the downtown area, the Brickell loop runs a line into the Brickell area to the south of downtown, while the Omni Loop contains a line with stations in the Omni neighborhood north of Downtown. The inner loop generally runs tandem two car trains while the outer loops only run with single cars, with the often crowded Brickell loop, this may be due to the fact that it has significant grades where it approaches Riverwalk station and crosses the Miami River. Each car can carry over 90 passengers, all loops run from 5 am to just after midnight, from Sunday to Thursday. On Friday and Saturday nights, service is extended until 2 am and this schedule is adjusted during events. Trains on the Inner Loop run in tandem and arrive every 90 seconds during rush hours, Outer Loop trains arrive every 5 to 6 minutes, every 2.5 to 3 minutes where the track is shared. Port of Miami, In May 2011, a study was proposed to analyze the idea of extending the Metromover to the PortMiami and this, with Metrorail and the new MIA Mover would create a direct rail transit link from the airport to the seaport
16.
Four Seasons Hotel Miami
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The Four Seasons Hotel and Tower, also known as the Four Seasons Hotel Miami or simply the Four Seasons Tower, is a skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located in Downtown Miamis Brickell Financial District, the tower contains a Toronto-based Four Seasons Hotel property, office space and several residential condominium units on the upper floors. Rising 789 feet with 64 floors, it is the tallest building in Miami as well as in Florida, the building was planned by Gary Edward Handel & Associates and Bermello Ajamil & Partners, Inc. Post-tensioning reinforcement of the structure was supplied and engineered by Suncoast Post-Tension, the building was constructed with dense steel reinforcing and silica-fume concrete, and is designed to sustain hurricane-force winds. Construction began in 2000, and the building was completed in 2003 and it surpassed Southeast Financial Center as the tallest building in Miami and Florida. The tower has 230,000 square feet of Class A office space from floors 8 to 17 and they are mostly occupied by HSBC Bank USA. Two separate lobbies on the first floor and one on the seventh floor, the separate first floor lobbies are for the office/health club portion of the tower and the residences. The seventh floor lobby is for the hotel and conference areas, part of the seventh floor lobby is a two-acre outdoor pool terrace, situated atop the six floor,934 spaces parking garage. The Four Seasons Hotel occupies floors 7 to 36 and it contains 221 rooms and 84 condo/hotel units. The condo/hotel units range from 611 to 2,062 square feet,186 luxury condominiums occupy floors 40 to 70. They range from 1,114 to 6,499 square feet, the tower contains 10,600 square feet of retail space. Total construction costs were 379 million US dollars, the tower has a total floor area of 1.8 million square feet. A40,000 square foot Sports Club/LA Miami also occupies the tower, the buildings total Building Area stands at 690, 000sq. ft. List of tallest buildings in Miami List of tallest buildings by U. S. state List of tallest buildings in Florida Downtown Miami Official site
17.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
18.
Chrysler Building
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At 1,046 feet, the structure was the worlds tallest building for 11 months before it was surpassed by the Empire State Building in 1931. It is the tallest brick building in the world, with a steel structure, in addition, The New York Times Building, which opened in 2007, is exactly level with the Chrysler Building in height. The Chrysler Building is an example of Art Deco architecture. In 2007, it was ranked ninth on the List of Americas Favorite Architecture by the American Institute of Architects and it was the headquarters of the Chrysler Corporation from 1930 until the mid-1950s. Although the building was built and designed specifically for the car manufacturer, Chrysler decided to pay for it himself, so that his children could inherit it. The Chrysler Building was designed by architect William Van Alen for a project of Walter P. Chrysler, when the ground breaking occurred on September 19,1928, there was an intense competition in New York City to build the worlds tallest skyscraper. Despite a frantic pace, no workers died during the construction of this skyscraper, Van Alens original design for the skyscraper called for a decorative jewel-like glass crown. It also featured a base in which the windows were tripled in height and topped by 12 stories with glass-wrapped corners. The height of the skyscraper was originally designed to be 246 meters. However, the proved to be too advanced and costly for building contractor William H. Reynolds. The design and lease were then sold to Walter P. Chrysler, construction commenced on September 19,1928. In total,391,881 rivets were used and approximately 3,826,000 bricks were manually laid, contractors, builders and engineers were joined by other building-services experts to coordinate construction. Prior to its completion, the building stood about even with a project at 40 Wall Street. Severance increased the height of his project and then claimed the title of the worlds tallest building. In response, Van Alen obtained permission for a 38-meter long spire and had it secretly constructed inside the frame of the building, the spire was delivered to the site in four different sections. On October 23,1929, the section of the spire was hoisted to the top of the buildings dome. The other remaining sections of the spire were hoisted and riveted to the first one in order in just 90 minutes. It was the first man-made structure to stand taller than 1,000 feet, Van Alens satisfaction in these accomplishments was likely muted by Walter Chryslers later refusal to pay the balance of his architectural fee
19.
Emporis
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Emporis GmbH is a real estate data mining company with headquarters in Hamburg, Germany. The company collects and publishes data and photographs of buildings worldwide, Emporis offers a variety of information on its public database, Emporis. com, located at www. emporis. com. Emporis is frequently cited by media sources as an authority on building data. Emporis previously focused exclusively on high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, which it defines as buildings between 35 and 100 metres tall and at least 100 metres tall, respectively, today, the database has expanded to include low-rise buildings and other structures. Michael Wutzke started a website about skyscrapers in Frankfurt in 1996, in 2000 he started skyscrapers. com which was folded into Emporis in 2003. In 2004, Stephan R. Boehm assumed the role of Chairman, Wutzke was Chief Technology Officer and managing director until 2010, when he left the company. In 2007 venture capital firm Neuhaus Partners and KfW Bankengruppe invested several million Euro in the company, effective January 1,2009, the company moved its headquarters from Darmstadt to Frankfurt. In 2011, the company moved from Frankfurt to Hamburg, in 2000 a group of Emporis senior editors began presenting the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Eligible buildings are selected from a list of all buildings in the world at least 100 meters tall which were completed that year
20.
Miami Today
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Miami Today is a weekly newspaper headquartered in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami, Florida. Miami Todays editor-in-chief and Publisher is Michael Lewis, who has been honored as the top editorial writer in the nation by the National Newspaper Association and he founded Miami Today in 1983, the Book of Leaders in 1997 and MiamiTodayNews. com in 2000. In 2011, Miami Today was awarded 7 distinct awards from the Florida Press Association, in 2012, Miami Today received 4 journalism awards from the Florida Press Association, and 5 awards from the National Newspaper Association
21.
SkyscraperPage
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SkyscraperPage is an internet forum for skyscraper hobbyists and enthusiasts that tracks existing and proposed skyscrapers around the world. SkyscraperPage. com drawings have appeared in National Geographics website, Wired, Condé Nast, The Globe and they are based in Victoria, British Columbia. The site has a database of scale-model illustration skyscrapers and other major macro-engineering projects, the scale of the drawings are one pixel per meter. The images are created using pixel art, using these diagrams, skyscrapers and other tall structures from any cities can be compared. General information is given about each structure, such as the location, the year built, if available. In 2008, the site had over 22,000 custom made drawings of skyscrapers, there were 600 artists signed up with the site, about half of whom were active. List of Internet forums List of tallest buildings in the world
22.
LoopNet
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LoopNet is the most heavily trafficked commercial real estate marketplace online with more than 8 million registered members and 5 million unique monthly visitors. Its primary business is to provide real estate listings in the United States. In April 2012, LoopNet became a subsidiary of CoStar Group, LoopNet was founded and funded in 1995 by Dennis DeAndre. Working alongside Steve Midgley, LoopNets engineer, DeAndre and Midgley built LoopNet into the Internets largest commercial real estate listing service, LoopNet then underwent three rounds of private Venture Capital financing in 1997,1998 and 1999. By 2003 it is reported to have become profitable and by 2006 it was able to float shares in a public offering. In April 2011, CoStar Group, Inc. announced an agreement to acquire LoopNet for about $860 million in cash, the acquisition was finalized on April 30,2012. As with many Internet sites, the offered the bulk of its services at no cost until it built its viewer base. LoopNet was a venture in Internet-based user-created content. As early as October 1996 virtually all of its property listings were being entered by its users directly. Over time, LoopNet added the capability to import listings in an automated manner, but the core principles of its business, connecting sellers with buyers over an open and free network have remained unchanged to the present day. LoopNets current business model involves selling memberships to its site, paid or Premium Membership confers benefits that free, non-members do not enjoy. This revenue model was launched in Q42001, and LoopNet was one of the first internet companies to successfully launch, in 2008, LoopNet for the first time introduced a tiered pricing structure for its memberships. LoopNet is also notable for having been sued by competitor CoStar Group and for the resulting rulings, LoopNet won the case and the countersuit against CoStar. CoStar ultimately acquired LoopNet in April 2012, prior to that time, the various rulings established important clarification of the DMCA and earlier cases. The case itself has known for establishing new case law in the area of ISP responsibilities for user created content. An additional brief summary of the case to date can be found on the Electronic Frontier Foundations website and this ruling has provided crucial precedent and copyright liability protection for vast numbers of similar websites since. LoopNet was able to show that it already policed any user violations after the fact and was able to avoid being required by the court to stop future violations before they occur. CoStar unsuccessfully argued that LoopNet was a party to the violations
23.
American City Business Journals
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American City Business Journals is an American newspaper chain based in Charlotte, North Carolina, owned by Advance Publications. It also controls the Street & Smiths Sports Group, which publishes motorsports periodicals, including SportsBusiness Journal, Sports Business Daily, five sports annuals, the company is the United States leading publisher of NASCAR magazines, which includes NASCAR Illustrated and Scenedaily. com. American City also publishes specialty publications, which include a business newspaper, a law journal. In 2009, ACBJ took over management of Portfolio. com, mike Russell founded American City Business Journals. The President and CEO of American City is Whitney Shaw, Shaw was previously senior vice president of ACBJ and president of its sports-publishing division. He succeeds his father, Ray Shaw, who was chairman, Ray Shaw, the companys chairman from 1989 until his 2009 death, bought a controlling interest along with a partner in 1989, selling to Advance Publications in 1995. It was Russell who suggested Shaw buy the company rather than just a few journals. Under Ray Shaws leadership, the company moved from Kansas City, Missouri, to Charlotte, North Carolina, and greatly increased the number of its publications. The site contains local news from around the nation, updated throughout the day. The Business Journals sites have more than four million visitors each month. The Business Journals Forty Under 40 is an annual list compiled and published by the Business Journal newspapers since 1992, the purpose is to list the 40 most successful entrepreneurs under the age of 40. The 40 are usually nominated from within individual areas in range of the local business journals publication, American City Business Journals corporate website The Business Journals The Business Journals mobile Street & Smiths SportsBusiness Journal Hemmings Motor News
24.
Brickell City Centre
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Brickell City Centre is a $1.05 billion shopping and mixed-use project in Miami, Florida. When finished, it will span up to five blocks to the west of Brickell Avenue and to the south of the Miami River and it will be anchored by a 107,000 square-foot Saks Fifth Avenue, Cinemex, and Italian food hall. The project is located between 7th and 8th Streets on both sides of South Miami Avenue and east of South Miami Ave on the side of 7th Street. Additionally, it may expand to two more blocks that Swire already owns at 700 Brickell Avenue and SE6 Street. The large project was first proposed during the real estate bubble of the 2000s and it was revived in 2012 with enough acreage to qualify for Special Area Plan zoning with construction beginning by years end. The hotel and residential towers, as well as office space. Phased retail openings started in November 2016, a phase two may begin construction in 2017. Contrary to the name, the development is not in the traditional downtown Miami city centre, the project is being developed by Swire Properties Inc, and spans slightly over 9 acres. Amenities include a soon to open department store Saks Fifth Avenue, luxury shops, restaurants, hotel, office towers, the hotel flag was awarded to EAST, a Swire Hotels brand, which will be their first venture in North America. Currently there are EAST hotels in Hong Kong and Beijing, China, in February 2013, Swire Properties and the owners of Bal Harbour Shops announced that they had come to an agreement to co-develop the retail portion of the development. Later, in 2015, mall developer Simon Property Group also became a retail partner, limited portions of the project opened at the end of 2015, while the residential towers began occupancy in mid-2016. The retail section opened at the beginning of November 2016 with a ribbon cutting. The Eighth Street Metromover station reopened in late 2015, though the third connection to the retail component remained locked until December 2016. The project has been a catalyst for development in the trendy Brickell neighborhood, in the direct vicinity of the project, many luxury hi-rise buildings are under construction as of 2017. Arquitectonica remains as the architect and ArquitectonicaGEO as the landscape architect, two additional lots were purchased by Swire in 2011, the Brickell Tennis Club and the Eastern National Bank building making the entire development site over 9 acres. The project also contains two levels of parking, covered sidewalks, and interconnectivity between all the buildings. Underground parking in South Florida is a rarity due to the low elevation above sea level, the 2,600 sub-grade car park for Brickell City Centre covers 7 acres, and required installation of watertight slurry walls from the site elevation of 7 feet NGVD to around -20 feet. The City Commission gave the project its approval in July 2011
25.
Brickell Flatiron
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Brickell Flatiron is a residential skyscraper currently under construction in the Brickell district of Miami, Florida. It is expected to rise over 700 feet with 65 floors, the name flatiron is due to the triangular lot it is built on, similar to the Flatiron Building in New York City. The building was put on hold then cancelled due to financial reasons during the Great Recession. When completed, it would have been the tallest building in Miami, at a height of 794 feet, the building was to be constructed spanning two lots that form a triangle lot at the fork where South Miami Avenue and Southeast 1st Avenue diverge in Miamis Brickell Financial District. It was to be built over Southeast 11th Street and the Metromover elevated track, the lots were then sold to the current developer, Ugo Colombo of CMC Group with Vladislav Doronin, who redesigned the tower to be located only on the larger lot. It was planned to contain 192,860 square feet of space and 40,000 square feet of retail. It would have featured a mechanical parking garage. The building was designed by Enrique Norten, the developer was Brickell Flatiron, LLC. List of tallest buildings in Miami Official website Brickell Flatiron at Emporis Miamis Future Skyscrapers Part II
26.
Metropolitan Miami (development)
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The first phase was completed in 2008 with Met 1, a condo tower, and was followed by Met 2—which includes the Wells Fargo Center and JW Marriott Marquis Miami—in 2010. The third phase of the complex, Met 3 and Met Square, are currently under construction, the Met Square site, was originally planned to house a movie theatre, restaurants, and a 31-story hotel tower, however, ongoing archaeological digs have found important Tequesta Indian ruins. The ruins date back 2,000 years, and include over eight large circles carved into the grounds limestone and these circles are believed to be Tequesta Indian dwellings, and part of a larger Tequesta Indian settlement, believed to be one of the largest in North America. As of February 2014, the Met Square site is now being considered for a National Historic Landmark status, however, not all preservationists were happy with outcome. Met 3 was one of the tallest approved buildings in Miami, both towers would also surpass the incumbent Four Seasons Hotel Miami. However, the design was cancelled in the subprime mortgage crisis. The Wells Fargo Center itself is currently the fifth tallest building in Miami, the project gained significant attention due to NBA star Shaquille ONeals involvement, by forming The ONeal Group as a joint-venture with M. D. M. The site where Metropolitan Miami is being developed was formerly surface parking, the project was designed by Coral Gables-based architecture firm Nichols Brosch Wurst Wolfe & Associates, Inc. Met 1 JW Marriott Marquis Miami Wells Fargo Center Met 3 List of tallest buildings in Miami Metropolitan Miami official website Emporis - Metropolitan Miami
27.
Brickell World Plaza
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The former Brickell Financial Centre Phase I, the Brickell World Plaza, is a 520-foot skyscraper, one of the tallest buildings in Miami. 600 Brickell is located between the Fifth Street and Eighth Street Metromover stations, the 40 story building was topped out in early 2009 but construction was suspended or greatly slowed, as the building was still not completed over two years later as of March,2011. The building lost a tenant, a law firm that had a 58 million dollar,10.5 year lease for 15 percent of the building. With the new name of Brickell World Plaza, the building has an opening date of August 2011. Early in 2011,600 Brickell got a million construction mortgage loan from Los Angeles based Canyon Capital Reality Advisors that will fund the rest of the construction. This was one of the largest loans issued in the city of Miami since the real estate crisis, when 600 Brickell came online in August–September 2011, it increased Miamis downtown office vacancy to nearly 25%, and Class A Brickell vacancy to over 30%. That could change with the arrival of a new leasing team, Foram has hired Jones Lang LaSalle, led by veteran brokers Glenn Gregory and Noël Steinfeld, to handle leasing for the nearly 615, 000-square-foot building. Gregory and Steinfeld said a press to land tenants is finally under way. Gregory and Steinfeld said they are in discussions with prospective tenants for about 300,000 square feet, gunster moved its Miami office to the buildings 35th floor. The building will be South Florida’s first Cisco Connected Commercial Office Building in partnership with Cisco Systems Inc, essentially it will have its own dedicated hub connecting it to the Internet with a secure and flawless connection. The project was designed by the architecture firm RTKL and its developer was the Foram Group. We designed the building from the out, not the outside in, ” said Loretta H. Cockrum, Foram’s founder, chairman. “We wanted the most efficient office building ever designed, with no wasted space or wasted energy and this is a building of the future more than a building of the present. A lot of love has gone into building, and a lot of pride. The Brickell World Plaza is the state of Floridas first building to be pre-certified under the U. S. Green Building Councils Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design program. In addition to this it is one of few buildings in the world of its size to receive the LEED Platinum rating. The originally planned Brickell Financial Centre was to include space, a hotel, luxury condominiums. The first eleven floors of the building above the plaza are a parking garage, the outside of Brickell World Plaza is lit up at night similar to the Miami Tower
28.
Capital at Brickell
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CCCC Miami Towers is the preliminary name for a mixed-use project being planned in the Brickell neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. The site is bounded by South Miami Avenue to the east, SW 14th Terrace to the south, SW 1st Avenue to the west, the site broke ground in 2006 and was excavated for a previous project that stalled known as Capital at Brickell. It was revived in 2014 by China City Construction Corp, an affiliate of China Communications Construction Company, Capital at Brickell was a proposed complex of two skyscrapers. The project was cancelled due to financial reasons caused by the Great Recession, the complex was to consist of two towers made up of residential, office, a hotel and retail, Capital at Brickell Tower I and Capital at Brickell Tower II. Tower II will be the one, rising to a height of 806 feet. Tower I was to be 607 feet tall, and will be located to the south of Tower II, Tower I was to be 53 floors and Tower II was to be 57 floors. Both towers were designed to be reminiscent of the Chrysler Building in New York City, the tops of the buildings were especially similar, with a crown at the top of each building and a similar spire. The towers were part of the recent push to build skyscrapers in the western side of the Brickell neighborhood. The architect of the complex was Fullerton-Diaz Architects, Inc, the developer was Cabi Developers, led by VP of Development Miroslav Misha Mladenovic. In July 2011, two developers began competing for the lot, in December 2014, the site was sold to Chinese developers for US$74.74 million, who plan a redesign. In 2015 it was revealed that they were aiming to build the tallest building in Miami and they are seeking EB-5 funding, similar to Panorama Tower, to cover part of the expected $875 million cost. List of tallest buildings in Miami Capital at Brickell on Emporis Tower I on Emporis Tower II on Emporis
29.
Empire World Towers
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The Empire World Towers were two proposed supertall skyscrapers to be built in Miami, Florida in the United States. The complex consists of the Empire World Tower I and the Empire World Tower II, if completed, both towers would stand at 1,022 feet, with 93 stories each. They would surpass the Four Seasons Hotel Miami and become the city and states tallest buildings, the Empire World Towers were originally proposed to rise 1,200 feet and 106 stories. In December 2007, the height of the towers was decreased to 1,022 feet and it is probable that the height decrease was brought on due to the concerns raised by the Federal Aviation Administration about the proposed buildings heights. List of tallest buildings in Miami Entry on Emporis. com Entry on Skyscraperpage. com
30.
3 Hudson Boulevard
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It is expected to rise 66 floors and 1,060 feet in height. FXFOWLE Architects designed the building, which would have 139,355 square metres of floor space, if completed as planned, the building would become one of the tallest in the city. The building is planned to have 1,800,000 square feet of real estate, the 1,060 ft building will feature a 22-degree twist in its western and eastern facades, to represent the fact that Manhattans street grid is slightly rotated. Construction was supposed to begin in mid-2014 or 2015, with the buildings planned for 2017. Consequently, the foundation is being built by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, because the station is directly underneath. The foundation works started May 2016, on June 26,2014, Joseph Moinian secured a loan for the construction of the building. The buildings former name, Girasole, means sunflower in Italian, the developers of the building are hoping to get a LEED Platinum certification for the building when it is completed, owing to its eco-friendly design. When completed, the US$800–900 million building will also contain condominiums located on 300,000 square feet between floors 49 and 63
31.
15 Penn Plaza
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15 Penn Plaza, also known as the Vornado Tower, is a proposed 68-story tower in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City planned by Vornado Realty Trust. It would have 430 units and 2,050,000 square feet of floor space, the Hiller Group is the designer. Despite only having 68 floors, it would be just 10 metres shorter than the Empire State Building, the building would be 1,216 feet in height, in addition to being 1,400 feet away from, and 33 feet shorter than, the Empire State Building. The Empire State Buildings owner, Anthony Malkin, asked the City Council on August 24,2010, malkins reasoning is that the new building would alter the skyline and obscure the view of the western side of the Empire State Building. On August 2014, citing increased interest from tenants, the project was unshelved, still, as of February 2015, Vornado Chairman & CEO Steve Roth was non-committal to the project, The Hotel Penn is important, but not the main event. The main event is to get the buildings so that they command higher market ranch than they do currently. And by the way, they are rising with the marketplace, so we’re not prepared to commit to what our plan for the Hotel Pennsylvania is. List of tallest buildings in New York City 15 Penn Plaza at SkyscraperPage Dobnik, Empire State building wants no competition
32.
53W53
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The building had been in development since 2006, and construction began in late 2014. The building, designed by Jean Nouvel, initially was proposed to stand 1,250 feet tall. Financing had been a problem, until October 2013, when the Kwee brothers Pontiac Land agreed to provide $200 million in equity, the building bought air rights from the University Club of New York and St. Thomas Church. On September 9,2009, the New York City Planning Commission said the building could be built if 200 feet were clipped off the top, the Citys decision not to approve Tower Verre as proposed was greeted with disappointment and derision by several prominent architecture critics. The 1, 050-foot version was approved by the City Council on October 28,2009 in a 44-3 vote, MoMA, which owned the buildings 17, 000-square-foot lot and completed a renovation in 2005, sold the lot to Hines for $125 million in 2007. In September 2014, the air rights were purchased from MOMA, the building is 82-story, 145-unit tower. In addition to the MOMA, the air rights were purchased from the St. Thomas Church for $71 million, the buildings total floor area will be approximately 750,000 square feet, and condominiums in the building are designed by Thierry Despont. As of July 2016, construction management company Lend Lease had completed excavation and foundation work with concrete up to the 8th floor. The building will be mixed-use, with space, condominiums. There will be 145 residences, from one to five bedroom options, one bedroom residences will begin at $3 million and the top floor duplex penthouse is priced at over $70 million. Residents will be given special privileges at MoMA, including unlimited free admission to the museum, exhibition previews, discounts in MoMA stores, services available for a fee will include a pantry stocking service, a housekeeping service, and pet walking. List of tallest buildings in New York City Official website Chicago Tribune, Meet the visionaries behind NYCs new billionaire lair
