1.
We are the 99%
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We are the 99% is a political slogan widely used and coined by the Occupy movement. It was the name of a Tumblr blog page launched in late August 2011 and is a variation on the phrase We The 99% from an August 2011 flyer for the NYC General Assembly. A related statistic, the 1%, refers to the top 1% wealthiest people in society that have a share of capital, political influence. The phrase directly refers to the income and wealth inequality in the United States with a concentration of wealth among the top earning 1% and it reflects an opinion that the 99% are paying the price for the mistakes of a tiny minority within the upper class. As of 2009, all households with less than $343,927 belonged to the lower 99% of the United States income distribution. The concept has been criticized as being an old. The slogan has also used in other countries, not just the US. Beginning in 2015, the statistic of the 1% was used often in Bernie Sanderss presidential campaign. Chris credited an August 2011 flyer for the NYC assembly We The 99% for the term, a 2011 Rolling Stone article attributed to anthropologist David Graeber the suggestion that the Occupy movement represented the 99%. In the article Stiglitz spoke of the impact of economic inequality involving 1% of the U. S. Throughout history, this is something that the top 1% eventually do learn and we are the 99% is a political slogan and an implicit economic claim of Occupy protesters. It refers to the concentration of income and wealth since the 1970s among the top 1% of income earners in the United States. It also reflects an opinion that the 99% are paying the price for the mistakes of a minority within the upper class. Between 1979 and 2007, the top earning 1 percent of Americans have seen their after-tax-and-benefit incomes grow by an average of 275%, compared to around 40-60% for the lower 99 percent. Since 1979 the average income for the bottom 90% of households has decreased by $900. This imbalance became further exacerbated by changes making federal income taxes less progressive, from 1992-2007 the top 400 income earners in the U. S. saw their income increase 392% and their average tax rate reduced by 37%. In 2009, the income of the top 1% was $960,000 with a minimum income of $343,927. In 2007 the top 1% had a share of total income than at any time since 1928
2.
Outlaw motorcycle club
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An outlaw motorcycle club is a motorcycle subculture that has its roots in the immediate post-World War II era of American society. In the United States, such clubs are considered outlaw as they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association. Instead the clubs have their own set of bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture, while organizations may vary, the typical internal organization of a motorcycle club consists of a president, vice president, treasurer, secretary, road captain, and sergeant-at-arms. Localized groups of a single, large MC are called chapters, the president of the mother chapter serves as the president of the entire MC, and sets club policy on a variety of issues. Larger motorcycle clubs often acquire real estate for use as a clubhouse or private compound, some biker clubs employ a process whereby members must pass several stages such as friend of the club, hang-around, and prospect, on their way to becoming full-patch members. The actual stages and membership process can and often vary widely from club to club. Oftentimes, an individual must pass a vote of the membership, some clubs have a unique club patch adorned with the term MC that are worn on the riders vest, known as a kutte. During this time, the prospect may wear the name on the back of their vest. To become a member, the prospect or probate must be voted on by the rest of the full club members. Successful admission usually requires more than a majority, and some clubs may reject a prospect or a probate for a single dissenting vote. A formal induction follows, in which the new member affirms his loyalty to the club, the final logo patch is then awarded. Full members are referred to as full patch members or patchholders. It has been said that other groups are attracted by the mystique of the outlaw image while objecting to the suggestion that they are outlaws. Outlaw clubs are often prominent at charity events, such as toy runs, charitable giving is frequently cited as evidence that these clubs do not deserve their negative media image. Outlaw clubs have been accused of using charity rides to mask their criminal nature, events such as a 2005 shootout between rival outlaw clubs in the midst of a charity toy drive in California have raised fears about the participation of outlaw biker clubs in charity events. In 2002 the Warlocks MC of Pennsylvania sued over their exclusion from a charity event, the primary visual identification of a member of an outlaw motorcycle club is the vest adorned with a large club-specific patch or patches, predominantly located in the middle of the back. The patch will contain a club logo, the name of the club, and the letters MC, and this garment and the patches themselves are referred to as the colours or cut. Many non-outlaw motorcycle riding clubs such as the Harley Owners Group also wear patches on the back of their vests, the club patches always remain property of the club itself, not the member, and only members are allowed to wear the clubs patches
3.
The One Percent Doctrine
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The One Percent Doctrine is a nonfiction book by Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Ron Suskind about Americas hunt for terrorists since September 11th,2001. On July 24,2006, it reached number 3 on the New York Times Best Seller list and it assesses the ways in which American counter-terrorism agencies are working to combat terrorist groups. In the narrative, Suskind criticizes the Bush administration for formulating its terrorism policies based on political rather than geopolitical realities. S. The book advances the theory that Abu Zubaydah, a top operative plotting and planning death and destruction on the United States as Bush described him, was an insignificant figure. According to the book, Osama bin Laden apparently wanted Bush reelected in 2004, the book also mentions a plot to attack the 34th Street – Herald Square subway station in New York City in March 2003. Richard Clarke told ABC News he is wary of the report about the New York City Subway plot, Clarke stated, Theres reason to be skeptical. Just because something is labeled in a report does not mean every word in it is true. He said the information describing the plot would have been just one of the hundreds of threats that would have collected in 2003. According to Clarke, the specificity of the report made it suspect, stating Whenever you get reports that are this specific. The plot was said to involve the use of a relatively crude device for releasing the chemical gases. This is a simple thing, two chemicals mixed together, and it releases cyanide gas. Theyd be lucky if they killed everybody on one car—you can do that with a 9-millimeter pistol. One former official told CNN that he agreed al-Zawahiri called off the attack, the device was hardly a weapon of mass destruction. Cyanide is sexy, but difficult to weaponize. They have fantasies of poisoning a water supply and you cant imagine how difficult that would be. Did they fantasize about a cyanide attack, most likely, a senior counterterrorism official told the Daily News. New York Senator Charles Schumer told the Associated Press that while the threat was enough to be taken seriously. Suskind also claims in the book that the al Qaedas cell that would have carried out the attack is still in the United States. Intelligence sources, however, told CBS News that, as far as they know, a counter-terrorism official who asked not to be named told the Washington Times, A lot of information is simply wrong. One inaccuracy, this said, is the books assertion that Abu Zubaydah, whom the CIA captured in Pakistan in 2002, was not a key al Qaeda figure
4.
1% rule (Internet culture)
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The 1% rule states that the number of people who create content on the Internet represents approximately 1% of the people who view that content. For example, for person who posts on a forum, generally about 99 other people view that forum. The term was coined by authors and bloggers Ben McConnell and Jackie Huba, there were repeated inquiries about her identity and her refusal to engage in chat. The etiquette was, apparently, to other users upon entry into the chat rooms/sites. In some instances, she needed to explain her coinage of the term lurking, as the term was new to the online community, but others quickly understood her meaning. To her knowledge, the terms had not been used prior to that period, the actual percentage is likely to vary depending upon the subject matter. The 1% rule is often misunderstood to apply to the Internet in general and it is for this reason that one can see evidence for the 1% principle on many websites, but aggregated together one can see a different distribution. This latter distribution is unknown and likely to shift, but various researchers. Research in late 2012 suggested that only 23% of the population could properly be classified as lurkers, several years prior, results were reported on a sample of students from Chicago where 60 percent of the sample created content in some form. A similar concept was introduced by Will Hill of AT&T Laboratories and later cited by Jakob Nielsen, the term regained public attention in 2006 when it was used in a strictly quantitative context within a blog entry on the topic of marketing. Netocracy Digital citizen Sturgeons law Participation Inequality, Lurkers vs. Contributors in Internet Communities by Jakob Nielsen, by Charles Arthur in The Guardian, July 20,2006. The 1% Rule by Heather Green in BusinessWeek, May 10,2006 Institutions vs. Collaboration by Clay Shirky, July 2005, Video at 06,00 and 12,42
5.
One percenter (Australian rules football)
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A one percenter is a statistic kept in Australian football, and relates to a variety of actions which benefit the team, but are infrequent or defensive. They have always seen as the little extra effort which went unrewarded on the statistics. They may not individually affect the outcome of the game, but collectively they can, at the beginning of the 21st century, one percenters were officially recognised as a statistic. In 2007, the AFL Army Award was struck to reward, among other defensive skills, there are four actions which constitute a one percenter according to official AFL statistics, knock-ons, spoils, smothers, and shepherds. A knock-on is using the hand, either clenched or open, to tap the ball to the advantage of a team-mate and it has the same advantage as a quick handpass or kick, but is not recognised as a disposal because the player never has possession. A spoil is preventing a player from taking clean possession of a pass from a team-mate. This is most usually done by punching the ball away from the contest, in the 2011 semi-final against Sydney, Hawthorn defender Josh Gibson compiled an AFL record 21 spoils. A smother is the act of using the arms or body to get in the way of an opponents kick, a player who smothers the ball is generally seen diving across in front of the kicking player, hoping to trap the ball as it is kicked. Smothers sometimes lead to turn-overs, but not always, a shepherd is the legal act of preventing an opponent from obtaining the ball or tackling a team-mate. There are other efforts and supporting actions which are not statistically recognised as one percenters. However, when coaches refer to one percenters, these actions are also considered. A chase is the act of making a long pursuit behind an opponent who is running with and bouncing the ball, even if he never catches up and tackles his opponent. A chase puts pressure on the opponent to kick while running quickly and/or while unstable, hence, coaches will consider a chase to be a one percenter. Hurrying an opponent is the act of putting them off balance without laying a tackle, while he is taking his kick or handpass, like the chase, this increases the likelihood of a turnover, and is often considered to be a one percenter. See Bump A bump or hip and shoulder is the act of using the side of the body, the bump is a type of strong shepherd, but players can also legally bump their opponents out of the way as they run to collected the ball. A bump to an opponent is legal, provided the bump does not ride high, a bump in the back is illegal under the push in the back. A block or screen is a subtle way to shepherd in a marking contest. The most common way to block is to run between a forward and his pursuing opponent, slowing down the defender so that the forward will take his mark uncontested
6.
Upper class
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The upper class in modern societies is the social class composed of the wealthiest members of society, who also wield the greatest political power. According to this view, the class is generally distinguished by immense wealth which is passed on from generation to generation. Prior to the 20th century, the aristocracy was widely used. The term is used in conjunction with terms like upper-middle class, middle class. Upper-class status commonly derived from the position of ones family. Much of the population that composed the upper consisted of aristocrats, ruling families, titled people. These people were born into their status and historically there was not much movement across class boundaries. This is to say that it was harder for an individual to move up in class simply because of the structure of society. The Transatlantic Slave Trade also helped create a class of white Europeans while maintaining a lower class of black Europeans, Americans and Africans. This fact is often edited out of academic research both in publications and online ones such as Wikipedia. In many countries, the upper class was intimately associated with hereditary land ownership. Political power was often in the hands of the landowners in many pre-industrial societies despite there being no legal barriers to land ownership for other social classes. Upper-class landowners in Europe were often members of the titled nobility, though not necessarily. Some upper classes were almost entirely untitled, for example, the Szlachta of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, the upper class traditionally comprised the landed gentry and the aristocracy of noble families with hereditary titles. The vast majority of post-medieval aristocratic families originated in the merchant class and were ennobled between the 14th and 19th centuries while intermarrying with the old nobility and gentry. Since the Second World War, the term has come to encompass rich, members of the English gentry organized the colonization of Virginia and New England and ruled these colonies for generations forming the foundation of the American upper class or East Coast Elite. In this respect, the US differs little from such as the UK where membership of the upper class is also dependent on other factors. The American upper class is estimated to less than 1% of the population
