In traditional grammar, a part of speech is a category of words that have similar grammatical properties. Words that are assigned to the same part of speech display similar syntactic behavior—they play similar roles within the grammatical structure of sentences—and sometimes similar morphology in that they undergo inflection for similar properties. Listed English parts of speech are noun, adjective, pronoun, conjunction and sometimes numeral, article, or determiner. Other Indo-European languages have all these word classes. Beyond the Indo-European family, such other European languages as Hungarian and Finnish, both of which belong to the Uralic family lack prepositions or have only few of them. Other terms than part of speech—particularly in modern linguistic classifications, which make more precise distinctions than the traditional scheme does—include word class, lexical class, lexical category; some authors restrict the term lexical category to refer only to a particular type of syntactic category.

The term form class is used, although this has various conflicting definitions. Word classes may be classified as open or closed: open classes acquire new members while closed classes acquire new members infrequently, if at all. All languages have the word classes noun and verb, but beyond these two there are significant variations among different languages. For example, Japanese has as many as three classes of adjectives; because of such variation in the number of categories and their identifying properties, analysis of parts of speech must be done for each individual language. The labels for each category are assigned on the basis of universal criteria; the classification of words into lexical categories is found from the earliest moments in the history of linguistics. In the Nirukta, written in the 5th or 6th century BC, the Sanskrit grammarian Yāska defined four main categories of words: नाम nāma – noun आख्यात ākhyāta – verb उपसर्ग upasarga – pre-verb or prefix निपात nipāta – particle, invariant word These four were grouped into two larger classes: inflectable and uninflectable.

The ancient work on the grammar of the Tamil language, Tolkāppiyam, argued to have been written around 2,500 years ago, classifies Tamil words as peyar, vinai and uri. A century or two after the work of Nirukta, the Greek scholar Plato wrote in his Cratylus dialog that "... sentences are, I conceive, a combination of verbs and nouns ". Aristotle added another class, "conjunction", which included not only the words known today as conjunctions, but other parts. By the end of the 2nd century BC grammarians had expanded this classification scheme into eight categories, seen in the Art of Grammar, attributed to Dionysius Thrax: Noun: a part of speech inflected for case, signifying a concrete or abstract entity Verb: a part of speech without case inflection, but inflected for tense and number, signifying an activity or process performed or undergone Participle: a part of speech sharing features of the verb and the noun Article: a declinable part of speech, taken to include the definite article, but the basic relative pronoun Pronoun: a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person Preposition: a part of speech placed before other words in composition and in syntax Adverb: a part of speech without inflection, in modification of or in addition to a verb, clause, sentence, or other adverb Conjunction: a part of speech binding together the discourse and filling gaps in its interpretationIt can be seen that these parts of speech are defined by morphological and semantic criteria.

The Latin grammarian Priscian modified the above eightfold system, excluding "article", but adding "interjection". The Latin names for the parts of speech, from which the corresponding modern English terms derive, were nomen, participium, praepositio, adverbium and interjectio; the category nomen included substantives and numerals. This is reflected in the older English terminology noun substantive, noun adjective and noun numeral; the adjective became a separate class, as did the numerals, the English word noun came to be applied to substantives only. Works of English grammar follow the pattern of the European tradition as described above, except that participles are now regarded as forms of verbs rather than as a separate pa

La Vivandière is a ballet in one act with choreography by Arthur Saint-Léon and Fanny Cerrito, music by Cesare Pugni. The ballet was first presented on 23 May 1844 by the Ballet of Her Majesty's Theatre, England; the principal dancers were Arthur Saint-Léon. Revivals by Arthur Saint-Léon for the Ballet of Her Majesty's Theatre - 1845, 1846, 1848. Restaging by Jules Perrot for the Imperial Ballet under the title Markitenka, first presented on 13/25 December, 1855 at the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, in St. Petersburg, Russia. Principal Dancers - Maria Surovshchikova-Petipa, Jules Perrot. Revival by Marius Petipa for the Imperial Ballet, first presented on 8/20 October 1881 at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, in St. Petersburg, Russia. A Pas de Six from Saint-Léon's original version of this ballet was notated in his own method of dance notation known as La Sténochorégraphie as an example, in a manual book, published in Paris. In 1975 the Pas de Six was reconstructed, along with Pugni's original music, by the dance notation expert Ann Hutchinson-Guest and Pierre Lacotte for the Joffrey Ballet.

In 1978 Lacotte staged the piece for the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet, who still retain the piece in their repertory. The Pas de Six has since been staged by many ballet companies all over the world, is known as either the La Vivandière Pas de Six, or the Markitenka Pas de Six; the La Vivandière Pas de Six has been realised on a DVD/Blu ray

The Chicago City Council assumed its modern form on April 16, 1923, with fifty wards each electing one alderman. Here is a list of the people. Since its incorporation as a city in 1837 Chicago had been divided into wards whose number varied but which were always entitled to two aldermen. In the early 20th century it was decided that reducing the number of aldermen to a ward to one would be a cost-saving measure, an ordinance to that effect was passed in 1920, taking effect in 1923. Aldermanic elections in Chicago have been formally nonpartisan since 1920. Many aldermen have had, continue to have, de facto partisan affiliations that are reflected in this list; this list is organized by which side of the Chicago River the wards were on as of 1923. Numbering the wards such that those on the South Side received the first numbers, followed by in order the West and North sides was a tradition that had dated to the City's founding and division into wards in 1837. Incumbent aldermen who started a new term in 1923 are reckoned as having started their term in 1923 regardless of whenever they started holding office, noted in the "Notes" column.

Chicago was incorporated in 1837 and comprised six wards. Covering the Loop, Near South Side, the northern part of Armour Square, this ward was moved to its current location in 1993 to help stymie corruption. Covering Douglas and its immediate surroundings, this ward has drastically moved northward to its current location across the Near North Side and West Town. Charles S. Eaton Leonard J. Grossman Charles S. Eaton Irving J. Schreiber James J. Cusack Jr. Paul H. Douglas Bertram B. Moss Robert E. Merriam Leon Despres Ross Lathrop Lawrence Bloom Barbara Holt Leslie Hairston Guy Guernsey John F. Healy Patrick Sheridan Smith Francis J. Hogan David R. Muir Sydney A. Jones Jr. Robert H. Miller A. A. Rayner Jr. Eugene Sawyer John O. Steele Freddrenna Lyle Roderick Sawyer Ross A. Woodhull Clement A. Nance Barnet Hodes Thomas J. Daley Nicholas J. Bohling Robert S. Wilinski Gerald E. Jones Robert S. Wilinski Joseph G. Bertrand William Beavers Darcel Beavers Sandi Jackson Natashia Holmes Gregory Mitchell William D. Meyering David L. Sutton Michael F. Mulcahy Roy E. Olin Einar Johnson James A. Condon William Cousins Jr. Marian Humes Keith Caldwell Lorraine L. Dixon Todd Stroger Michelle A. Harris Sheldon M. Govier Arthur G. Lindell Reginald DuBois Dominic J. Lupo Alexander A. Adduci Robert Shaw Perry H. Hutchinson Robert Shaw Anthony Beale Ernest M. Cross William A.

Rowan William J. Pieczynski Emil V. Pacini John J. Buchanan Edward Vrdolyak Victor Vrdolyak John J. Buchanan John Pope Susie Sadlowski Garza Timothy A. Hogan John P. Wilson Thomas A. Doyle Hugh B. Connelly John F. Wall Stanley J. Nowakowski Matthew J. Danaher Michael Anthony Bilandic Patrick M. Huels James Balcer Patrick Daley Thompson Ernest J. Kunstmann Bryan Hartnett Benjamin J. Zintak Bryan Hartnett Edmund J. Kucharski Arthur V. Zelezinski Donald T. Swinarski George A. Kwak Aloysius Majerczyk Mark J. Fary Ray Frias George Cardenas Joseph B. McDonough Thomas A. Doyle John E. Egan Michael P. Hogan John E. Egan David W. Healy Casamir J. Staszcuk John S. Madrzyk Frank Olivo Marty Quinn Thomas F. Byrne James F. Kovarik Edward F. Vyzral Frank Micek Joseph J. Krska Francis X. Lawlor Kenneth B. Jaksy Frank J. Brady Marlene C. Carter Virgil E. Jones Theodore Thomas Toni Foulkes Raymond Lopez Terence Moran John S. Boyle Paul M. Sheridan Sr. Paul M. Sheridan Jr. Anna Langford Eloise Barden Anna Langford Shirley Coleman JoAnn Thompson Toni Foulkes Stephanie Coleman John H. Lyle Robert E. Barbee James G. Coyle Frank J. Corr William T. Murphy Arthur A.

Slight Charles Chew William H. Shannon Tyrone McFolling Allan Streeter Terry Peterson Latasha Thomas David H. Moore Patrick F. Ryan Walter W. Morris Harry E. Perry Bernard J. O'Hallaren Thomas J. Corcoran Frank J. McGrath James C. Murray Edward J. Hines Robert T. Kellam Thomas W. Murphy Lona Lane Derrick Curtis Henry L. Fick A. J. Prignano William V. Pacelli Anthony Pistilli Kenneth E. Campbell Clifford P. Kelley Ernest Jones Arenda Troutman Willie Cochran Jeanette Taylor Dennis A. Horan John J. Lagodney Joseph F. Ropa Charles S. Bonk Samuel Yaksic Wilson Frost, Democratic Bennett Stewart, Democratic Niles Sherman Jesse J. Evans Leonard DeVille Howard Brookins Jr. Joseph Cepak Henry Sonnenschein Otto F. Janousek Frank D. Stemberk Jesús "Chuy" García Ricardo Muñoz Michael D. Rodriguez Joseph O. Kostner John Toman Joseph Kacena Jr. George J. Tourek Frank J. Kuta Joseph Potempa William Lipinski William F. Krystyniak Michael R. Zalewski Silvana Tabares Jacob Arvey Fred Fischman Louis London Sidney D. Deutsch Benjamin F. Lewis George W. Collins David Rhodes Walter Shumpert William C. Henry Jesse L. Miller Jr. Michael Chandler Sharon Denise Dixon Michael Chandler Michael Scott Jr. George M. Maypole George D. Kells Patrick P. Petrone Anthony G. Girolami Alphonse Tomasco Angelo C.

Provenzano Joseph Jambrone Jimmy L. Washington William Carothers Ed Smith Jason Ervin Albert J. Horan Thomas J. Terrell Joseph S. Gillespie George R. Pigott Thomas F. Burke Robert Biggs Leroy Cross Danny K. Davis Sam Burrell Isaac Carothers Deborah L. Graham Chris Taliaferro John S. Clark Jr. Edward J. Upton Edmund J. Hughes Daniel J. Ronan Edwin H. McMahon Elmer R. Filippini George A. Hagopian George J. Hagopian Carole Bialczak Michael Wojcik Ariel Reboyras Joseph Petlak George M. Rozcz

Kim Ki-nam is a North Korean official. He is a former Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, Director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department from 1989 until 2017, responsible for coordinating the country's press, fine arts, publishing to support government policy, he was a vice-chairman of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland, in which capacity he led numerous visits to the South, has served several terms in the Supreme People's Assembly, to which he was first elected in November 1977. Kim Ki-nam was born in Anda, China A graduate from the Kim Il-sung University and Soviet party schools, at first he worked in foreign affairs before moving to the Propaganda and Agitation Department in the late 1960s. In 1974, he was appointed editor of the Party's theoretical magazine, in 1976 he was promoted to editor-in-chief of Rodong Sinmun, he is credited with having produced articles and essays creating the cult of Kim Jong-il and praising Kim Il-sung's historic role.

He was elected to the WPK Central Committee at the 6th Party Congress in October 1980, director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department in April 1989 and secretary for propaganda and party history in 1992. Kim Ki-nam was the party's propaganda boss and key author of the country's political slogans during Kim Jong-il's regime, he was given a role in ensuring Kim Jong-un's succession drive and appointed to the Politburo in September 2010. He was one of the only two civilian officials who accompanied Kim Jong-il's coffin during his funeral in December 2011, the other being Choe Thae-bok, he was given a seat in the State Affairs Commission in June 2016 when it was established. He was replaced in October 2017 by Pak Kwang-ho in all his functions at a Central Committee plenum. In 2016, he was placed under sanctions by the United States government. Kim Ki-nam. "Fundamental Changes Brought About in Party Ideological Work Under the Banner of Converting the Whole Society to the Chuche Ideology". Kulloja.

OCLC 9516938. Politics of North Korea Kim Ki-nam's report to the First Conference of Chairpersons of WPK Primary Committees on 23 December 2016 at Google Cache

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, having served in the U. S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio. Hayes, a lawyer and staunch abolitionist, defended refugee slaves in court proceedings in the antebellum years; the Republican Party nominated Hayes as its candidate for the presidency in 1876, where he won through the Compromise of 1877 that ended Reconstruction by leaving the South to govern itself. In office he withdrew military troops from the South, ending Army support for Republican state governments in the South and for the efforts of African-American freedmen to establish their families as free citizens. Hayes promoted civil-service reform, attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War of 1861–1865 and from the Reconstruction Era of 1865–1877. Hayes, an attorney in Ohio, served as city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861; when the Civil War began, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer.

Hayes was wounded five times, most at the Battle of South Mountain in 1862. He was promoted to the rank of brevet major general. After the war, Hayes served in the Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, from 1868 to 1872, he served a third two-year term, from 1876 to 1877. In 1876 the Electoral College made Hayes president in the course of one of the most contentious elections in national history, he lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, but won an intensely disputed electoral-college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty contested electoral votes. There resulted the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes' election on the condition that he withdraw remaining U. S. troops protecting Republican office-holders in the South, thus ending the Reconstruction era. Hayes believed in meritocratic government and in equal treatment without regard to wealth, social standing or race.

He ordered federal troops to guard federal buildings and in doing so restored order during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Hayes implemented modest civil-service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s, he vetoed the Bland–Allison Act, which put silver money into circulation and raised nominal prices, insisting that maintenance of the gold standard was essential to economic recovery. Hayes' policy toward Western Indians anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887. Hayes kept his pledge not to run for re-election, retired to his home in Ohio, became an advocate of social and educational reform. Biographer Ari Hoogenboom said Hayes' greatest achievement was to restore popular faith in the presidency and to reverse the deterioration of executive power that had set in after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Although supporters have praised his commitment to civil-service reform and to the defense of civil rights and scholars rank Hayes as an average or below-average president.

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822, to Rutherford Hayes, Jr. and Sophia Birchard. Hayes's father, a Vermont storekeeper, took the family to Ohio in 1817, he died ten weeks before Rutherford's birth. Sophia took charge of the family, raising Hayes and his sister, the only two of the four children to survive to adulthood, she never remarried, Sophia's younger brother, Sardis Birchard, lived with the family for a time. He became a father figure to him, contributing to his early education. Through each of his parents, Hayes was descended from New England colonists, his earliest immigrant ancestor came to Connecticut from Scotland in 1625. Hayes's great-grandfather, Ezekiel Hayes, was a militia captain in Connecticut in the American Revolutionary War, but Ezekiel's son left his Branford home during the war for the relative peace of Vermont, his mother's ancestors migrated to Vermont at a similar time. Most of his close relatives outside Ohio continued to live there.

John Noyes, an uncle by marriage, had been his father's business partner in Vermont and was elected to Congress. His first cousin, Mary Jane Mead, was the mother of sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead and architect William Rutherford Mead. John Humphrey Noyes, the founder of the Oneida Community, was a first cousin. Hayes attended the common schools in Delaware and enrolled in 1836 at the Methodist Norwalk Seminary in Norwalk, Ohio, he did well at Norwalk, the following year transferred to The Webb School, a preparatory school in Middletown, where he studied Latin and Ancient Greek. Returning to Ohio, he attended Kenyon College in Gambier in 1838, he enjoyed his time at Kenyon, was successful scholastically. He addressed the class as its valedictorian. After reading law in Columbus, Hayes moved east to attend Harvard Law School in 1843. Graduating with an LL. B, he opened his own law office in Lower Sandusky. Business was slow at first, but he attracted a few clients and represented his uncle Sardis in real estate litigation.

In 1847, Hayes became ill with. Thinking a change in climate would help, he considered enlisting in the Mexican–American War, but on his doctor's advice he instead visited family in New England. Returning from there and his uncle Sardis made a long journey to Texas

Clube Recreativo e Atlético Catalano known as CRAC, are a Brazilian football team from Catalão, Goiás. They play the third level national league Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. Clube Recreativo e Atlético Catalano were founded on July 13, 1931; the club won their first title, the Campeonato Goiano, in 1967, winning the competition for a second time in 2004. The club competed for the first time in the Série C in 2004, when they were eliminated in the third stage of the competition by Americano. CRAC competed in the Copa do Brasil in 2005, when they were eliminated in the first stage by Guarani; the club competed again in the Série C in 2007, finishing that year in the fifth place in the final stage. CRAC competed in the Série D in 2009 and the club were promoted to the Série C after finishing as runners-up for the 2012 season; the club's color is sky blue. The CRAC badge has two stars, representing the two Campeonato Goiano titles won by the club in 1967 and in 2004. CRAC play their home games at Estádio Genervino da Fonseca.

The stadium has a maximum capacity of 12,000 people. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Campeonato Goiano: Winners: 1967, 2004 Runners-up: 1969, 1997 Campeonato Goiano Second Division: Winners: 1965, 1998, 2001, 2003 Júlio Sérgio Official website