1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
No Devotion
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No Devotion are a Welsh/American alternative rock band formed in 2014. They are composed of American vocalist Geoff Rickly from New Jersey, the band formed in the wake of Lostprophets dissolution in 2013. The band have released four singles, Stay,10,000 Summers, Addition, earlier that year drummer Luke Johnson officially left the band. Philip Jenkins, former drummer of Kids in Glass Houses, subsequently began performing as the live drummer. Between 1997 and 2012, Mike Lewis, Lee Gaze, Stuart Richardson, on 19 December 2012, Watkins was charged with 13 sexual offences against children, and was subsequently sentenced to 35 years imprisonment the following year. On 1 October 2013, the members announced Lostprophets breakup saying that they would no longer make or perform music as Lostprophets. The announcement was signed by all band members, the band formed sometime in April 2014 only a few months after Lostprophets broke up. Ahead of the first performances, the band confirmed that they would not continue playing music from the Lostprophets discography, the bands first live performances received positive reviews from critics and fans. On 6 October 2014 on the BBC1 Radio Rockshow, Daniel P. Carter premiered the second single 10,000 Summers. On 28 October, they played at the Glasslands in Brooklyn, in late 2014, drummer Luke Johnson had left the band, feeling that he would be unable to fulfil commitments to the band. In January 2015, they embarked on their second UK tour, taking place in Bristol, Birmingham, Southampton, Reading, and London, supporting Gerard Way on three of the dates. On 30 June, the announced they would be releasing their first album, titled Permanence, in September. On 17 August, their fourth single Permanent Sunlight was released, on 29 and 30 August they played at the Reading and Leeds Festival as part of their tour with Seether and Baroness, which included the live debut of the aforementioned song. On 27 August, the band announced further dates in Germany, whilst in Germany, Rickly was drugged and robbed with that nights show then cancelled. On 21 September, they released their debut album Permanence on Soundcloud, four days later on September 25th Permanence received its official release to positive reviews. The album went on to win the 2016 Kerrang Album of the Year award, on 17 November 2015, they released a music video for their single Permanent Sunlight. Lead singer Geoff Rickly has described their music as reminiscent of such as The Cure, Joy Division. Fans have also noted a resemblance between the name and the title of Thursdays final studio album, No Devolución
3.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
4.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
5.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
6.
Synth-pop
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Synth-pop is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestras success opened the way for bands such as P-Model, Plastics. The development of polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI. This, its adoption by the acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV. Synth-pop is sometimes deployed interchangeably with electropop, but electropop may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places emphasis on a harder. In the late 1980s duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was successful on the US dance-charts. Some artists and bands were criticised for gender bending, Synth-pop was defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but, many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic progression to speak of. Early synth-pop has been described as eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing, using droning electronics with little change in inflection, common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras, thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its emotional, at times operatic singers such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation. Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style influenced by other genres. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, the portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
Alex Newport
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Alex Newport is an English record producer, mixer, songwriter, and engineer, based in Los Angeles. Newport was born in Wolverhampton, UK in 1970 and grew up in the Midlands area and he is currently living in Los Angeles and is the owner of Future Shock recording studio. Newport was the member of UK noise-rock band Fudge Tunnel. After producing records for At the Drive-In and The Mars Volta, in addition to projects with Knapsack, Samiam and Death Cab For Cutie Newport became a highly in-demand producer. His work with Death Cab for Cutie was Grammy nominated and in 2011 he commenced a relationship with the Juno Award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter Dallas Green. In February 2011, Newport produced City And Colour’s “Little Hell” which was recorded and mixed entirely on analog tape and it was followed in 2013 with “The Hurry and the Harm” – the second consecutive album to reach #1 on the Canadian charts and a top 20 Billboard US album. In 2013 Alex produced Bloc Party’s critically acclaimed top five UK album “FOUR” and it was a return to form for the band with a more guitar oriented sound reminiscent of their debut “Silent Alarm”. Other notable productions and mixes include work with Seahaven, No Devotion, The Sounds, Frank Turner, Two Gallants and Tokyos Polysics. Recently, Alex mixed the album by Toronto buzzband Weaves. Alex also sings and performs as one half of Red Love, artists for whom Newport has produced or mixed include, Official website
9.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
10.
Lostprophets
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Lostprophets /lɒstˈprɒfɪts/ was a band from Pontypridd, Wales formed in 1997. Founded by lead vocalist and lyricist Ian Watkins, bassist Mike Lewis, drummer Mike Chiplin and guitarist Lee Gaze and they were also part of the Cardiff music scene. Lostprophets released five albums, with their final release Weapons released on 2 April 2012. The band achieved two Top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart, one single on the US Alternative Songs chart. Awards and nominations, and sold 3.5 million albums worldwide, in December 2012, Watkins was charged with multiple sexual offences against children. The band cancelled all tour dates, and the members announced the disbanding of Lostprophets in October 2013 before the end of Watkins trial. Watkins pleaded guilty to charges in November 2013, and in December 2013 was sentenced to 29 years imprisonment plus six years on licence. In June 2014, the members formed No Devotion with American singer Geoff Rickly as their lead vocalist. The band formed in 1997 in Pontypridd, Wales, Lostprophets formed with two members of Public Disturbance, which featured singer Ian Watkins on drums and guitarist Mike Lewis. Neither member initially left Public Disturbance, although Watkins left as soon as 1998, with Watkins on vocal duties and Lewis playing bass, the band also included guitarist Lee Gaze and Mike Chiplin on drums. Lostprophets started out as part of the fledgling South Wales scene playing gigs at venues across Wales including T. J. s in Newport, from there, they went on to tours on the UKs circuit. The band recorded three demos during this time, Here Comes the Party, Para Todas las Putas Celosas, which translates as For all the jealous whores and these were produced by Stuart Richardson, who joined the band as bassist for the latter recording. Mike Lewis at this point switched to rhythm guitar, the Fake Sound of Progress also included the addition of DJ Stepzak, who would remain with the band for around a year. All of the EPs are out of print, and are very rare, the band caught the attention of the two music publishers Kerrang. and Metal Hammer magazines both giving them glancing reviews. In 1999 they signed in with Independent label Visible Noise, the bands debut album The Fake Sound of Progress was released through Visible Noise in November. Recorded in less than two weeks for £4,000 the record drew on a range of influences, it would be re-released the following year through Columbia Records. The Fake Sound of Progress featured many references to 1980s pop-culture, another reference is the use of the VF-1 Valkyrie in Battroid mode from the 1982 anime The Super Dimension Fortress Macross as part of the album illustration. The band worked with renowned producer Michael Barbiero to remaster the album, during this period, Lostprophets built up a strong live following with support slots to popular acts such as Pitchshifter, Linkin Park and Deftones, as well as several headlining stints of their own
11.
Ian Watkins (Lostprophets)
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Ian David Karslake Watkins is a Welsh singer, musician, and convicted sex offender. He achieved prominence as a member, lead vocalist. Lostprophets disbanded in 2013 after Watkins was charged with offences in late 2012. He is currently in HM Prison Long Lartin serving 29 years in jail, Watkins was born in Merthyr Tydfil, and later moved to Pontypridd, where he attended Hawthorn High School with future bandmate Mike Lewis. He completed a degree in design from the University of Wales, Newport. Whilst spending time in the local Ynysangharad Park, where Lostprophets would headline the Full Ponty festival, the band played several shows, including one supporting Feeder in London, but the group was short-lived. Watkins reunited with Mike Lewis as a drummer in a band called Public Disturbance. By this time, Watkins and Gaze had left Fleshbind to create their own band, Lost Prophets, in 1998, Watkins left Public Disturbance to concentrate on the newly named lostprophets. The concert featured Welsh bands the Blackout, Kids in Glass Houses, Watkins was also featured in The Blackouts song Its High Tide Baby, and also accompanied them on tour. In 2009, Watkins started a side project called LAmour La Morgue. He has released 17 remixes by such as the Killers, Beyoncé, Young Guns, Magic Wands, Tears for Fears. He has also released a mixtape, which is available online. Lostprophets recorded five albums, The Fake Sound of Progress, Start Something, Liberation Transmission, The Betrayed and they toured extensively in Europe and America, playing shows such as the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2004,2007,2009, and 2010. He was remanded in custody as were his two female co-accused and his barrister said Watkins would deny the accusations. On 31 December, he appeared at Cardiff Crown Court via video link from HM Prison Parc in Bridgend, the case was adjourned until May, with the trial date set for 15 July. At a hearing on 3 June, he denied the charges via a video link, on 6 June, it was announced that the trial would start on 25 November and was expected to last a month. A previous application for the venue to be moved outside Wales was denied. On 26 November, Watkins pleaded guilty to attempted rape and sexual assault of a child under 13 and this was accepted by the prosecution
12.
Thursday (band)
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Thursday is an American post-hardcore band, formed in New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1997. The band consisted of Geoff Rickly, Tom Keeley, Steve Pedulla, Tim Payne, Andrew Everding, Thursday released their debut album, Waiting, in late 1999 with original guitarist Bill Henderson, who left the band in 2000 and was replaced by Steve Pedulla. Thursday released their album, A City by the Light Divided, in 2006. In a January 2013 interview, Geoff Rickly confirmed that the band had actually disbanded, however, the band announced a reunion in 2016. Thursday, heavily influenced by Joy Division, was formed in 1997 by vocalist Geoff Rickly, guitarist Tom Keeley, guitarist Bill Henderson, bassist Tim Payne, and drummer Tucker Rule. The album was released on December 6,1999 on northern New Jersey-based Eyeball Records without any singles or support from television or radio, Thursday signed to Chicago-based label Victory Records, and released their second album, Full Collapse, on April 10,2001. Victory Records originally wanted to remove the lyrics from the packaging against the wishes in order to cut costs. The video for this song received airplay on both MTV2 and Muchmusic, gaining the band a large underground following. A second single, Cross Out the Eyes, would follow, the band was routinely upset at Victory Records, over the use of the bands image and promotion, including the labels attempts to distribute Thursday-themed whoopie cushions. The bands new-found popularity and disgust with the led to internal problems. The situation caused the creation of the Five Stories Falling EP, Thursday toured extensively to support War All the Time, featuring dates with acts such as AFI, Thrice, and Coheed and Cambria. On these tours, Thursday performed many in-store acoustic sessions at various Tower Records stores, the band also recorded a live acoustic session for Y100 Sonic Sessions, a radio program on the now defunct Philadelphia-based radio station, Y100. The live acoustic version of single Signals Over the Air was used on Y100 Sonic Sessions Volume 8, the band went on an indefinite hiatus in 2004, citing label pressure, extensive touring, and health problems as the reasons. However, Thursday returned for a performance to save New York Citys CBGB, on August 25,2005. In fall 2005, five Thursday demo songs were stolen from the iPod of the manager for My American Heart. The band issued a statement on their website stating that they were disappointed the unfinished products leaked. The band confirmed the title of one demo, At This Velocity, three other songs would also make the album, while the remaining demo would later become the song Last Call on their fifth studio album, Common Existence. Thursday released their album and second major label release, A City by the Light Divided, on May 2,2006, on Island Records in the US
13.
Geoff Rickly
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Geoffrey William Geoff Rickly is an American musician. He is best known for being the singer and songwriter of Thursday. He released six albums with Thursday and has released two with United Nations, and a debut album from No Devotion which was released on September 25,2015. Rickly was born and grew up in Dumont, New Jersey and he was raised Catholic, and attended Dumont High School, where he was a member of the band and played the tenor sax. He is good friends with former My Chemical Romance lead singer Gerard Way and he is diagnosed with epilepsy and at one point became severely ill while on tour because of the medication he was taking. In early 2013 Rickly was mugged at gunpoint, his phone, iPad, wallet, credit card, rent money, while on tour with No Devotion in 2015, Rickly was poisoned and robbed in Germany, causing them to cancel their concert. Lyrically, Rickly has been known to draw from a variety of influences, many of them being authors. A tattoo on his forearm reads love is love, a lyric from the band Frail, Thursdays Autobiography Of A Nation is clearly influenced by poet Michael Palmers Sun. In 2009, Rickly formed a label titled Collect Records, the two met when Shkreli bought Ricklys guitar that he used to make Thursdays 2001 album Full Collapse for $10,000. I am struggling to find how this is OK, due to the controversy the discovery of this relationship angered several bands signed to the label. In a public statement, Collect band Sick Feeling said, One thing is clear, as long as he has a part in the label, we, Sick Feeling, cannot. Our experience with Geoff, Norm, and Shaun has been nothing but positive, however, within two days of the controversys leak, Rickly put out a press release expressing that the label severed its relationship with Shkreli
14.
Joy Division
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Joy Division were an English rock band formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. Originally named Warsaw, the band consisted of singer Ian Curtis, guitarist and keyboardist Bernard Sumner, bass player Peter Hook, and drummer Stephen Morris. Formed by Sumner and Hook after the two attended a Sex Pistols gig, Joy Division soon moved beyond their roots to develop a sound. The bands self-released 1978 debut EP, An Ideal for Living, drew the attention of the Manchester television personality Tony Wilson, Joy Divisions debut album Unknown Pleasures, recorded with producer Martin Hannett, was released in 1979 to critical acclaim. As the bands popularity grew, singer Curtis suffered from problems that included depression, a failing marriage. He found it difficult to perform live concerts, during which he sometimes suffered seizures. In May 1980, on the eve of the bands first American tour, Curtis committed suicide, the bands second and final album, Closer, was released two months later, the album and preceding single Love Will Tear Us Apart became the bands highest charting release. After Curtiss death, the members continued as New Order. Although their career spanned less than four years, Joy Division continues to exert an influence on a variety of subsequent artists, on 20 July 1976, childhood friends Sumner and Hook separately attended a Sex Pistols show at the Manchester Lesser Free Trade Hall. The following day Hook borrowed £35 from his mother to buy his first bass guitar, Sumner later said that he felt that the Pistols destroyed the myth of being a pop star, of a musician being some kind of god that you had to worship. Inspired by the performance, Sumner and Hook formed a band with their friend Terry Mason, Sumner bought a guitar, and Mason a drum kit. They invited schoolfriend Martin Gresty to join as vocalist, but he turned them down after getting a job at a local factory, an advertisement was placed in the Virgin Records shop in Manchester for a vocalist. Ian Curtis, who knew them from earlier gigs, responded and was hired without audition, Sumner said that he knew he was all right to get on with and thats what we based the whole group on. If we liked someone, they were in, Warsaw debuted on 29 May 1977 at the Electric Circus, supporting the Buzzcocks, Penetration and John Cooper Clarke. They received immediate national exposure due to reviews of the gig in the NME by Paul Morley, Tony Tabac played drums that night after joining the band two days earlier. Mason was soon made the manager and Tabac was replaced on drums in June 1977 by Steve Brotherdale. During his tenure with Warsaw, Brotherdale tried to get Curtis to leave the band and join Panik, in July 1977, Warsaw recorded a set of five demo tracks at Pennine Sound Studios, Oldham. Uneasy with Brotherdales aggressive personality, the band fired him soon after the demo sessions, driving home from the studio, they pulled over and asked Brotherdale to check on a flat tyre, when he got out of the car, they sped off
15.
New Order (band)
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New Order are an English rock band formed in 1980, currently comprising Bernard Sumner, Stephen Morris, Gillian Gilbert, Phil Cunningham and Tom Chapman. The band was formed in 1980 by Sumner, Morris, and Peter Hook and they added Gilbert later that year. By combining post-punk with an influence from electronic and dance music, New Order became one of the most critically acclaimed. The bands 1983 hit Blue Monday, the best-selling 12-inch single of all time, is one example of how their sound became increasingly uptempo, New Order were the flagship band for Manchester-based independent record label Factory Records. Their unlabelled album sleeves and non-image reflected the aesthetic of doing whatever the relevant parties wanted to do. Throughout their career, the records were art-directed by designer Peter Saville. The group disbanded in 1993 to work on projects. In 2001, Cunningham replaced Gilbert, who took a sabbatical from the band because of family commitments, in 2007, Hook left the band over personal conflicts. After Hooks departure, Sumner, Cunningham, and Morris worked on Bad Lieutenant, the band members have been involved in several solo projects, such as Sumners Electronic and Bad Lieutenant, Hooks Monaco and Revenge and Gilbert and Morris The Other Two. In September 2015, the released their tenth studio album. Between 1977 and 1980, Ian Curtis, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris, Curtis committed suicide on 18 May 1980, the day before Joy Division were scheduled to depart for their first American tour, and prior to release of the bands second album, Closer. The rest of the band decided soon after Curtiss death that they would carry on, prior to his death, the members of Joy Division had agreed not to continue under the Joy Division name should any one member leave. On 29 July 1980, the unnamed trio debuted live at Manchesters Beach Club. Rob Gretton, the manager for over twenty years, is credited for having found the name New Order in an article in The Guardian entitled The Peoples New Order of Kampuchea. The band adopted this name, despite its previous use for former Stooge Ron Ashetons band The New Order, the group states that the name New Order does not draw a direct line to Nazism or Fascism. The band rehearsed with each taking turns on vocals. Sumner ultimately took the role, as he could sing when he wasnt playing his guitar and they wanted to complete the line-up with someone they knew well and whose musical skill and style was compatible with their own. Gretton suggested Morriss girlfriend Gillian Gilbert, and she was invited to join the band in early October 1980 and her first live performance with the band occurred at The Squat in Manchester on 25 October 1980
16.
The Cure
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The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976. The band has experienced several changes, with vocalist, guitarist. During the early 1980s, the increasingly dark and tormented music was a staple of the emerging gothic rock genre. After the release of Pornography in 1982, the future was uncertain. The band is estimated to have sold 27 million records as of 2004 and have released thirteen albums, ten EPs. The 1989 album Disintegration is regarded as the commercial and critical peak. That band consisted of Robert Smith on piano, Michael Mick Dempsey on guitar, Laurence Lol Tolhurst on percussion, Marc Ceccagno on lead guitar and Alan Hill on bass guitar. In January 1976 while at St. Wilfrids Comprehensive School Ceccagno formed a 5-piece rock band with Smith on guitar and Dempsey on bass and they called themselves Malice and rehearsed David Bowie, Jimi Hendrix and Alex Harvey songs in a local church hall. By late April 1976, Ceccagno and the two school friends had left, and Tolhurst, Martin Creasy, and Porl Thompson had joined the band. This lineup played all three of Malices only documented live shows during December 1976, both Malice and Easy Cure auditioned several vocalists before Smith assumed the role of Easy Cures frontman in September 1977. That year, Easy Cure won a talent competition with German label Hansa Records, although the band recorded tracks for the company, none were ever released. Following disagreements in March 1978 over the direction the band should take, Smith later recalled, We were very young. They just thought they could turn us into a teen group and they actually wanted us to do cover versions and we always refused. Thompson was dropped from the band in May, and the trio were soon renamed The Cure by Smith. Later that month, the recorded their first sessions as a trio at Chestnut Studios in Sussex. The demo found its way to Polydor Records scout Chris Parry, the Cure released their debut single Killing an Arab in December 1978 on the Small Wonder label as a stopgap until Fiction finalised distribution arrangements with Polydor. The band placed a label that denied the racist connotations on the singles 1979 reissue on Fiction. The Cure released their debut album Three Imaginary Boys in May 1979, because of the bands inexperience in the studio, Parry and engineer Mike Hedges took control of the recording
17.
Gerard Way
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His debut solo album Hesitant Alien was released on September 30,2014. He also wrote the comic mini-series The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys, Way was born in Summit, New Jersey, on April 9,1977, the son of Donna Lee and Donald Way. He is of Italian and Scottish ancestry, raised in Belleville, New Jersey, alongside brother Mikey Way, he first began singing publicly in the fourth grade, when he played the role of Peter Pan in a school musical production. His maternal grandmother, Elena Lee Rush, was a creative influence who taught him to sing, paint. Also, while in school, the glam metal band Bon Jovi was instrumental in forming his love of music. At the age of 15, Way was held at gunpoint, as he said in an April 2008 Rolling Stone interview, I got held up with a.357 Magnum, had a gun pointed to my head and put on the floor, execution-style. He went on to say no matter how ugly the world gets or how stupid it shows me it is. At age 16, he appeared on an episode of Sally Jesse Raphael to discuss the controversy surrounding the publicizing of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmers crimes in comic books, Way attended Belleville High School until he graduated in 1995. Deciding to pursue a career in the industry, he attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City. Way originally wanted to be a guitarist, Way was working as an intern for Cartoon Network in New York City during the September 11,2001 attacks. Seeing the effects of the attacks first-hand prompted Way to change his views on life in the following weeks and he told Spin magazine, I literally said to myself, Fuck art. Ive gotta get out of the basement, to help deal with the emotional effects the attacks had on him, Way wrote the lyrics to the song Skylines and Turnstiles, which has since been identified as the first song by My Chemical Romance. Soon after, My Chemical Romance began to assemble as a band, in many interviews, Way has stated that music and his art work turned out to be an effective outlet to deal with his longtime battles against depression, alcoholism and prescription drug abuse. The use of music as a way to resolve personal battles has caused Way to create deeply personal songs such as Helena, on March 22,2013, My Chemical Romance announced their break up. In May 2014, Way launched his Tumblr-based website where he announced that he had signed to Warner Bros. Records as a solo artist and was nearing completion of his first solo album. Further to this he announced a new song, Action Cat, released later in June as a single to his new album and his first solo shows at Reading. He later announced another performance that took place at Portsmouth’s Wedgewood Rooms on August 20. On August 19, Way streamed a new video for the song No Shows
18.
AbsolutePunk
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AbsolutePunk was a website, online community, and alternative music news source founded by Jason Tate. The primary musical genres of focus were emo and pop punk, the very next day on April 1, all of the domain names and social media accounts associated with AbsolutePunk were being redirected to Chorus. fm. Founded June 6,2000 by Jason Tate, the focused on music industry news. The site also allowed user interaction via a vBulletin Internet Forum system, users could register their own personalized account, create a profile, and comment on nearly every portion of the site. Special accounts were afforded to industry figures and band members denoting them as such, the website originally started as a Blink-182/MxPx fan site. In 2005, the site was drawing six million hits daily, by 2006, the website was noted for engaging teenagers, and was beginning to chip away at the dominance of MySpace, according to OMMA online media magazine. The social media network Buzznet purchased AbsolutePunk in May 2008, AbsolutePunks community included over 500,000 music fans, making it one of the largest alternative music zines on the Internet. The site was run by contributor-turned-moderators who worked for the site but were not paid. They added news posts, wrote reviews and conducted interviews all in their free time, aBSOLUTExclusives and recent album reviews were often displayed prominently at the top of the sites news feed, while other stories were simply listed in descending chronological order. The staff conducted frequent interviews with bands and often asked the AbsolutePunk community to contribute questions in advance. They also ran numerous contests via both an opt-in lottery system and through news items, with the latter usually awarding prizes to the users who replied the fastest while meeting certain criteria. One of AbsolutePunks main purposes was to music fans with one another through its extensive online forums. The forums featured over 318,500 registered members and they were divided into a number of different sections, split into categories such as entertainment, sports, politics, and education. Users were encouraged to contribute their own media to the site, as most of the site functioned on the same bulletin board system, forum activity would often spill out into album reviews and news stories as well. The website gained a following in the alternative music scene over the years, allowing it to sponsor various tours. In the August 2007 issue of Blender, owner Jason Tate was named #18 in their list of Top 25 Most Influential People in Online Music, on June 1,2005 vocalist and pianist Andrew McMahon of the bands Something Corporate and Jacks Mannequin was diagnosed with leukemia. AbsolutePunk raised approximately $16,400 for the Leukemia Research Foundation by selling over 6,000 orange gel bracelets online, the wristbands read I Will Fight in reference to a well-known song by Something Corporate
19.
NME
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New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
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Rock Sound
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For the district in the Bahamas, see Rock Sound, Bahamas. Rock Sound is a British magazine which covers rock music, the magazine aims at being more underground and less commercial, while also giving coverage to more well-known acts. It generally focuses on pop punk, post-hardcore, metalcore, punk, emo, hardcore, heavy metal and extreme metal genres of rock music, the tag-line For those who like their music loud, extreme and non-conformist is sometimes used. Although primarily aimed at the British market, the magazine is sold in Australia, Canada. The British edition of Rock Sound was launched in March 1999 by the French publisher Editions Freeway, the magazine was bought out by its director, Patrick Napier, in December 2004. The magazines offices are in London, separate titles with the same name have been published under the same umbrella company in France since 1993, and in Spain since 1998. The magazine is known for including a free CD in most issues and these are now normally called 100% Volume or The Volumes, but in the past compilations were also called Music With Attitude, Bugging Your Ears. Sound Check and Punk Rawk Explosion, buyer reaction has been very negative when there has been talk of turning the CD compilation into a digital compilation. The first issue was published in April 1999, issue 2 featured British band Reef on the front cover, and later issues 3 and 8 featured Terrorvision and Foo Fighters respectively. In July 2011 a host of Through The Years articles were written to celebrate the 150th issue of the magazine, the magazine had a circulation figure of 15,005 from January to December 2010 auditored by ABC. This includes 10,162 sales in the United Kingdom and Ireland, the majority of sales come from newstrade, with some coming from subscriptions. The main rival to the magazine in Britain is Kerrang, because of the similar types of music both magazines cover. However, Kerrang. is released weekly and does not usually provide as much coverage to more alternative bands, to new and upcoming bands, at the end of every year the magazine lists their favourite 75 albums released in the previous twelve months. Thus this differs from the Yearly Top Albums lists which do not take influence into account, in each article there is normally an interview with band members, a commentary on the albums release, a look at its initial success, and reaction from other musicians as well. In some of the issues this section had been renamed to Throwback. Kerrang NME Metal Hammer Alternative Press Citations Sources Official website
21.
Synthesizer
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A synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones. Synthesizers may either imitate instruments like piano, Hammond organ, flute, vocals, natural sounds like ocean waves, etc. or generate new electronic timbres. Synthesizers without built-in controllers are called sound modules, and are controlled via USB, MIDI or CV/gate using a controller device. Synthesizers use various methods to generate electronic signals, synthesizers were first used in pop music in the 1960s. In the 1970s, synths were used in disco, especially in the late 1970s, in the 1980s, the invention of the relatively inexpensive, mass market Yamaha DX7 synth made synthesizers widely available. 1980s pop and dance music often made use of synthesizers. In the 2010s, synthesizers are used in genres of pop, rock. Contemporary classical music composers from the 20th and 21st century write compositions for synthesizer, the beginnings of the synthesizer are difficult to trace, as it is difficult to draw a distinction between synthesizers and some early electric or electronic musical instruments. One of the earliest electric musical instruments, the telegraph, was invented in 1876 by American electrical engineer Elisha Gray. He accidentally discovered the sound generation from a self-vibrating electromechanical circuit and this musical telegraph used steel reeds with oscillations created by electromagnets transmitted over a telegraph line. Gray also built a simple loudspeaker device into later models, consisting of a diaphragm in a magnetic field. This instrument was a remote electromechanical musical instrument that used telegraphy, though it lacked an arbitrary sound-synthesis function, some have erroneously called it the first synthesizer. In 1897, Thaddeus Cahill invented the Teleharmonium, which used dynamos, and was capable of additive synthesis like the Hammond organ, however, Cahills business was unsuccessful for various reasons, and similar but more compact instruments were subsequently developed, such as electronic and tonewheel organs. In 1906, American engineer, Lee De Forest ushered in the electronics age and he invented the first amplifying vacuum tube, called the Audion tube. This led to new entertainment technologies, including radio and sound films, ondes Martenot and Trautonium were continuously developed for several decades, finally developing qualities similar to later synthesizers. In the 1920s, Arseny Avraamov developed various systems of graphic sonic art, in 1938, USSR engineer Yevgeny Murzin designed a compositional tool called ANS, one of the earliest real-time additive synthesizers using optoelectronics. The earliest polyphonic synthesizers were developed in Germany and the United States, during the three years that Hammond manufactured this model,1,069 units were shipped, but production was discontinued at the start of World War II. Both instruments were the forerunners of the electronic organs and polyphonic synthesizers
22.
Luke Johnson (musician)
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Luke Anthony Jocko Johnson is an English rock musician, drummer and songwriter. He is most commonly known as Jocko, Johnson began his music career in the late 1990s drumming for a spree of small local West Midlands- punk and metal bands. In early 2003 Johnson was approached by California punk band Amen to join the ranks, after his departure from Amen in 2005, Johnson formed Beat Union as drummer and songwriter with Dave Warsop, Dean Ashton and Mark Andrews. Johnson was exposed to music at the early age of 2. Beginning with his father, Les Johnson, who was a Birmingham promoter for such bands as New Order, Killing Joke, at the age of 5, Johnson started to join his father on tour with the band he managed The Wonder Stuff. Johnson was then given his first pair of drumsticks by Martin Gilks, all my life Ive been around music. With the support of his parents, at the age of 6, Beat Union was a pop-punk band from Birmingham, Bromsgrove and Redditch. They were formerly known as Shortcut to Newark, the group has garnered comparisons to Elvis Costello and The Jam, as well as pop punk groups like Green Day. In 2006 the band toured the UK with Bedouin Soundclash and Zox and their debut full-length album, Disconnected, was released on Science Records in April 2008. It was produced with the help of John Feldmann, producer, rolling Stone named their song She Is the Gun Song of the Day on 17 July 2008. The song also received rotation on BBC Radio 1, where it rose to No.5 on the airplay charts. After releasing the album, the group toured with Goldfinger and then played the 2008 Warped Tour in the U. S, a U. S. fall tour was announced with Flogging Molly, followed by UK dates with Less Than Jake. Johnson would go on to play on the fifth and final album, Weapons. The band split in October 2013, Johnson is currently writing music for various artists while also working on his own solo EP. He was replaced by former Kids in Glass Houses Drummer Phillip Jenkins, in April 2015, Johnson released three singles on the music streaming service SoundCloud, titled Say Something, The Beat of my Heart & Ignorance
23.
Percussion instrument
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A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater, struck, scraped or rubbed by hand, or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, the percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, percussive techniques can also be applied to the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as the backbone or the heartbeat of an ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments. In jazz and other popular ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, however, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed, in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music, in almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word swing is spoken. Because of the diversity of instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles, music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef. The word percussion has evolved from Latin terms, percussio, as a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for percussion, Most percussion instruments are classified as idiophones and membranophones.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers, played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone. 21 Struck drums, includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, (Included in most drum sets or 412. Stringed instruments played with such as the hammered dulcimer
24.
UK Albums Chart
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The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company on Fridays and it is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 and published in Music Week magazine, and on the OCC website. To qualify for the Official Albums Chart the album must be the correct length and it must be more than three tracks or 20 minutes long and not be classed as a budget album. A budget album costs between £0.50 and £3.75, additionally, various artist compilations – which until January 1989 were included in the main album listing – are now listed separately in a compilations chart. Full details of the rules can be found on the OCC website. In the 1970s the new chart was revealed at 12,45 pm on Thursdays on BBC Radio 1. Since October 1993 it has included in The Official Chart show from 4,00 –5,45 pm on Fridays. A weekly Album Chart show was licensed out to BBC Radio 2 and presented by Simon Mayo,2005 saw a record number of artist album sales with 126.2 million sold in the UK. In February 2015, it was announced that, due to the sales of albums and rise in popularity of audio streaming. Under the revised methodology, the Official Charts Company takes the 12 most streamed tracks from one album, the total of these streams is divided by 1000 and added to the pure sales of the album. This calculation was designed to ensure that the chart continues to reflect the popularity of the albums themselves. The final number one album on the UK Albums Chart to be based purely on sales alone was Smoke + Mirrors by Imagine Dragons, on 1 March 2015, In the Lonely Hour by Sam Smith became the first album to top the new streaming-incorporated Official Albums Chart. The most successful artists in the charts depends on the criteria used, as of February 2016, Queen albums have spent more time on the British album charts than any other musical act, followed by The Beatles, Elvis Presley, U2 and ABBA. By most weeks at one, however, The Beatles lead with a total of 174 weeks. The male solo artist with the most weeks at one is Presley with a total of 66 weeks. Presley also holds the record for the most number one albums by a solo artist and most top ten albums by any artist. Madonna has the most number one albums by a female artist in the UK, though this includes the Evita film soundtrack which was a cast recording, Adele is the female solo artist with the most weeks at number one, with a total of 37 weeks. Queens Greatest Hits is the album in UK chart history with 6 million copies sold as of February 2014
25.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
26.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
27.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
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