1.
Ukraine
–
Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2, making it the largest country entirely within Europe and it has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC, during the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, two brief periods of independence occurred during the 20th century, once near the end of World War I and another during World War II. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as The Ukraine, following independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state. Nonetheless it formed a limited partnership with the Russian Federation and other CIS countries. In the 2000s, the government began leaning towards NATO, and it was later agreed that the question of joining NATO should be answered by a national referendum at some point in the future. Former President Viktor Yanukovych considered the current level of co-operation between Ukraine and NATO sufficient, and was against Ukraine joining NATO and these events formed the background for the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, and the War in Donbass in April 2014. On 1 January 2016, Ukraine applied the economic part of the Deep, Ukraine has long been a global breadbasket because of its extensive, fertile farmlands and is one of the worlds largest grain exporters. The diversified economy of Ukraine includes a heavy industry sector, particularly in aerospace. Ukraine is a republic under a semi-presidential system with separate powers, legislative, executive. Its capital and largest city is Kiev, taking into account reserves and paramilitary personnel, Ukraine maintains the second-largest military in Europe after that of Russia. Ukrainian is the language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy, which has strongly influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature, there are different hypotheses as to the etymology of the name Ukraine. According to the older and most widespread hypothesis, it means borderland, while more recently some studies claim a different meaning, homeland or region. The Ukraine now implies disregard for the sovereignty, according to U. S. ambassador William Taylor. Neanderthal settlement in Ukraine is seen in the Molodova archaeological sites include a mammoth bone dwelling
Ukraine
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Gold
Scythian pectoral, or neckpiece, from a royal
kurgan in
Ordzhonikidze, dated to the 4th century BC
Ukraine
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Flag
Ukraine
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Principalities of
Kievan Rus', 1054-1132
Ukraine
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The baptism of the Grand Prince Vladimir led to the adoption of Christianity in
Kievan Rus'.
2.
Constitution of Ukraine
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The Constitution of Ukraine is the nations fundamental law. The constitution was adopted and ratified at the 5th session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on 28 June 1996, the constitution was passed with 315 ayes out of 450 votes possible. Other laws and other legal acts of Ukraine must conform to the constitution. The right to amend the constitution through a special procedure is vested exclusively with the parliament. The only body that may interpret the constitution and determine whether legislation conforms to it is the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, since 1996 the public holiday Constitution Day is celebrated 28 June. Until June 8,1995, Ukraines supreme law was the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR, on June 8,1995, President Leonid Kuchma and Speaker Oleksandr Moroz signed the Constitutional Agreement for the period until a new constitution could be drafted. 254/96-BP ratifying the constitution, nullifying previous constitutions and the Agreement was ceremonially signed and promulgated in mid-July 1996. However, according to a ruling of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, Ukraine was the last of the post-Soviet states that adopted its own constitution. The Constitution of Ukraine is divided into 15 chapters, General Principles Human and Citizens Rights, Freedoms, referendums Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine President of Ukraine Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. In addition amendments to Chapter I — General Principles, Chapter III — Elections, on December 8,2004, the parliament passed Law No. The law was approved with a 90 percent majority simultaneously with other measures aimed at resolving the 2004 presidential election crisis. It was signed almost immediately in the chamber by the outgoing President Leonid Kuchma. These amendments weakened the power of the President of Ukraine, he/she lost the power to nominate the Prime Minister of Ukraine, the President could only appoint the Minister of Defence and Foreign Minister. The President also lost the right to dismiss members of the Cabinet of Ukraine, if no coalition in parliament could be formed to appoint a Prime Minister, the President would have no choice but to call new parliamentary elections. The 2004 constitutional amendments were passed in the Parliament only with limited consultation and discussion between political forces, in the context of the Orange Revolution and they therefore attracted criticism from several internal and external bodies. The amendments took force unconditionally on January 1,2006, the remaining amendments took force on May 25,2006, when the new parliament assembled after the 2006 elections. On October 1,2010, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine overturned the 2004 amendments, the Court had started to consider the case on the political reform in 2004 under a motion from 252 coalition lawmakers regarding the constitutionality of this reform of July 14,2010. The 2010 nullification decision was highly controversial, as Constitutional Courts are bound by the Constitution and do not stand above it, such decisions raise important questions of democratic legitimacy and the rule of law
Constitution of Ukraine
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Ukraine
3.
Human rights in Ukraine
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Human rights in Ukraine were better than those in most former Soviet republics as of 2009 and Ukraine was labeled as Free by organizations such as Freedom House. However, after Viktor Yanukovych became president of Ukraine in 2010, amnesty International also signalled a significant deterioration of the observance of human rights in Ukraine in 2011. According to Freedom House the human rights situation improved in the aftermath of the Euromaidan revolution in 2014. The country received better ratings for political pluralism, parliamentary elections, as of 2015 the country is labelled Partly Free. According to the OSCE, as of 2015 the elections in Ukraine generally respect democratic process, on 21 May 2015 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has passed a resolution declaring the suspension of conventions for Human Rights in the eastern Donbass region. 6 to the ECHR concerning the abolition of the penalty in times of peace Protocol No.12 to the ECHR concerning the general prohibition of discrimination Protocol No. In their report they stated, Ukraine has one of the most vibrant civil societies in the region, citizens are increasingly taking issues into their own hands, protesting against unwanted construction, and exposing corruption. There were no limits seen on NGO activities, trade unions function, but strikes and worker protests were infrequently observed, even though dissatisfaction with the state of economic affairs was pervasive in the fall of 2008. Factory owners were seen as able to pressure their workers to vote according to the owners’ preferences. Ukraine is one of the states in Europe that is securing human rights as a national policy. After the early 2010 election of President Viktor Yanukovych international organizations start to voice their concern, according to Freedom House, Ukraine under President Yanukovych has become less democratic and, if current trends are left unchecked, may head down a path toward autocracy and kleptocracy. This led Freedom House to downgrade Ukraine from Free to Partly Free in Freedom in the World 2011, in Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index 2010 Ukraine had fallen from 89th place to 131. Neighboring Russias press freedom was ranked at position 140, the International Federation for Human Rights called Ukraine one of the countries seeing the most serious violations against human rights activists in December 2011. As of 17 January 2013 Ukraine lost all of its 211 cases at the European Court of Human Rights, amendments to the constitution, which came into force, were detrimental for fair trial in that they re-introduced the so-called general supervision by the prosecutors office. Independent lawyers and human rights activists have complained Ukrainian judges regularly come under pressure to hand down a certain verdict, according to Freedom House the judiciary has become more efficient and less corrupt since the Orange Revolution. President Viktor Yanukovych stated late February 2012 these trails didnt meet European standards, in 2007, in Ukraines provinces numerous, anonymous attacks and threats persisted against journalists, who investigated or exposed corruption or other government misdeeds. Ukraines ranking in Reporters Without Borderss Press Freedom Index has in the latest years been around the 90th spot, while it occupied the 112th spot in 2002, Yanukovych responded that he deeply values press freedom and that free, independent media that must ensure societys unimpeded access to information. Anonymous journalists stated early May 2010 that they were voluntarily tailoring their coverage so as not to offend the Yanukovych administration, the Azarov Government denies censoring the media, so did the Presidential Administration and President Yanukovych himself
Human rights in Ukraine
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Meeting in
Kharkiv during the 2004
Orange Revolution
Human rights in Ukraine
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FEMEN is a
feminist protest group founded in
Ukraine in 2008 The organization became internationally known for organizing
topless protests against
sex tourism, religious institutions, sexism and homophobia
4.
President of Ukraine
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The president of Ukraine is the Ukrainian head of state. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, conducts negotiations, the president is directly elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term of office, limited to two terms consecutively. The presidents official residence is the Mariyinsky Palace, located in the Pechersk district of the capital Kyiv, other official residences include the House with Chimaeras and the House of the Weeping Widow, which are used for official visits by foreign representatives. Since the offices establishment on 5 July 1991, there have been five presidents of Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk was the inaugural president, serving three years from 1991 until his resignation in 1994. Leonid Kuchma was the president to have served two consecutive terms in office. Oleksandr Turchynov was the acting president in Ukraines modern history. On 18 June 2015, Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of president of Ukraine, the current president is Petro Poroshenko who took the oath of office on 7 June 2014. The prime minister serves as the head of government, a role filled by Volodymyr Groysman who was appointed to the position in April 2016. As with the separation of powers, the president has checks on the authority of parliament, for instance, any law passed by the parliament can be vetoed by the president, however, parliament can override his veto with a 2/3 constitutional majority vote. The president has limited authority to disband the Verkhovna Rada, and nominates candidates for the Minister of Foreign Affairs, six out of eighteen of the Constitutional Court judges are appointed by the president. Decisions of the president are subject to review by Ukraines courts with the Constitutional Court having the sole authority, while in office, the president enjoys the right of immunity. By-passing local governments is a practice in Ukraine. With the proclamation of the last universal of the UPR dated 25 January 1918 due to a military aggression, the Central Rada of the UPR proclaimed its independence from the Russia. On 29 April 1918, the Rada elected Mykhailo Hrushevskyi as the first President of the Central Rada of the Ukrainian Peoples Republic, although a rather widespread misconception, the state leadership position title varied and none of them had an official presidential title. In November of the year the directorate government of the UPR was established as the opposition movement to the Skoropadskys regime. Although really the Directorate was the governing body until the new Ukrainian Constituent Assembly would elect its president. Symon Petliura assumed the representation of the state after Vynnychenkos resignation on 11 February 1919, after the Soviet offensive in 1920 and brought control of the Ukrainian territory under the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Peoples Republic was forced into exile. Upon the assassination of Petliura, the control over the affairs were transferred to the former Prime Minister Andriy Livytskyi who in 1948 created the office of the President of Ukraine
President of Ukraine
–
Incumbent
Petro Poroshenko since 7 June 2014
President of Ukraine
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Presidential Standard
President of Ukraine
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First President
Mykhailo Hrushevskyi (1917-18).
President of Ukraine
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2nd President
Volodymyr Vynnychenko (1918-19).
5.
Petro Poroshenko
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Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko is the fifth and current President of Ukraine, in office since 2014. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2011, from 2008 until 2013, Poroshenko headed the Council of Ukraines National Bank. Outside government, Poroshenko has been a prominent oligarch with a career in acquiring and building assets. His most recognized ownerships are Roshen, the confectionery company which has earned him the nickname of Chocolate King, and a TV channel 5 kanal. He was elected president on 10 May 2014, capturing more than 54% of the vote in the first round, thereby winning outright, Poroshenko was born in the city of Bolhrad, in Odessa Oblast, on 26 September 1965. He also spent his childhood and youth in Bendery, where his father Oleksiy was heading a machine building plant. In his youth, Poroshenko practiced judo and sambo, and was Candidate for Master of Sport of the USSR, despite good grades he was not awarded the normal gold medal at graduation, and on his report card he was given a C for his behavior. After getting into a fight with four Soviet Army cadets at the military commissariat, in 1989, Poroshenko graduated, having started studying in 1982, with a degree in economics from the international relations and law department at the Kiev State University. At this university he was friends with Mikheil Saakashvili who he in May 2015 would appoint as Governor of Odessa Oblast, in 1984 Poroshenko married a medical student, Maryna Perevedentseva. Their first son, Oleksiy, was born in 1985, from 1989 to 1992 Poroshenko was an assistant at the universitys international economic relations department. At the same time, he was deputy director of the Republic Union of Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs, Poroshenkos brother, Mykhailo, older by eight years, died in a 1997 car accident under mysterious circumstances. His business success in the confectionery industry earned him the nickname Chocolate King, Poroshenkos business empire also includes several car and bus plants, Kuznya na Rybalskomu shipyard, the 5 Kanal television channel, as well as other businesses in Ukraine. According to Poroshenko since becoming President of Ukraine he has relinquished the management of his businesses, in March 2012, Forbes placed him on the Forbes list of billionaires at 1, 153rd place, with $1 billion. As of May 2015, Poroshenkos net worth was about $720 million, losing 25 percent profit ever since Russias ban of Roshen products and the state of the Ukrainian economy. The estimate of his assets was set at 979 million US dollars, a 20% growth, the article noted that Poroshenko remained one of the only two European leaders who owned a business empire of such scale, with Silvio Berlusconi being the other one. A number of businesses were part of the Ukrprominvest which Poroshenko headed in 1993–1998. The investment group was dissolved in April 2012, Poroshenko has stated that upon beginning his political activity he passed on his holdings to a trust fund. Bogdan group Roshen group 5 Kanal television channel Kuznya na Rybalskomu shipyard Poroshenko first won a seat in the Verkhovna Rada in 1998 for the 12th single-mandate constituency
Petro Poroshenko
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Petro Poroshenko Петро Порошенко
Petro Poroshenko
–
Poroshenko and
Viktor Yushchenko during the meeting before
Mukacheve mayoral election on 16 April 2004
Petro Poroshenko
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Poroshenko attending a U.S. Independence Day celebration at the
U.S. Embassy in Kiev, 6 July 2005
Petro Poroshenko
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Poroshenko at the Russian-Ukrainian international commission meeting in 2009
6.
Presidential Administration of Ukraine
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The Presidential Administration or unofficially Bankova is an administrative body set up to assist the President of Ukraine. The main purpose of the Administration is to provide administrative, advisory, analytical, after Ukraine declared independence in 1991, President Leonid Kravchuk established the Administration of the President on December 13 as an advisory body to the President. The Administration is headquartered on 11 Bank Street in Kyiv, under President Yushchenko, the administration was reorganized into the Secretariat on January 24,2005 in accordance with Clause 28 of Article 106 of the Constitution of Ukraine. President Viktor Yanukovych restored the old name Administration of the President of Ukraine on his first day in office, archived from the original on October 17,2008
Presidential Administration of Ukraine
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Presidential Administration building in central
Kiev.
Presidential Administration of Ukraine
Presidential Administration of Ukraine
Presidential Administration of Ukraine
7.
National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine
–
National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine or NSDC, is an advisory state body to the President of Ukraine. It is an agency tasked with developing a policy of national security on domestic. All the sessions of the council take place in the Presidential Administration Building, the council is currently headed by Oleksandr Turchynov. The Defense Council was created by the provision of Supreme Council of Ukraine #1658-12 on October 11,1991, after the adaptation of the Constitution of Ukraine on June 28,1996, the provisions of the council were outlined in the Article 107. Thus the National Security Council was merged with the already existing Defense Council of Ukraine and was adapted by the Presidential edict on August 30,1996, the head of the council is the President of Ukraine assisted by secretary whom he is allowed to appoint. In the absence of existing President of Ukraine such as elections, the acting chairman of the council is the Prime Minister. The Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada is not a member of the council, members of the council may also be other chairmen of government bodies of the Executive branch. Any other individual is allowed by the special invitation from the Chairman of the Council. In June 2014 President Petro Poroshenko reshuffled the membership of the council, if a President resigns, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada will be the acting head of the National Security and Defense Council. President Viktor Yanukovych limited the number of employees of the Council to 180 employees on 9 April 2012, Official web-site of the NSDC Official web-site of the President of Ukraine Official twitter page English language Official Ulrainian language Twitter page
National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine
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All the sessions of the council take place in the
Presidential Administration Building.
8.
State symbols of the President of Ukraine
–
The official symbols of the head of state are the state insignia of the President of Ukraine. Pursuant to presidential decree of November 29,1999, they include four items, colour, collar, bulawa, some of the items of the set are adopted from the Cossack regalia that once were accepted from the King of Poland Stefan Batory. The Standard of the President of Ukraine is a royal blue banner, featuring a tryzub, bordered by gold ornament. The staff is wooden with a round onyx top decorated with an embossed lay-on yellow ornament, the collar represents a chained badge, which consists of a pendant locket, six enameled medallions and twelve decorative links in a special order. All of its elements are joined by shaped rings, the presidential bulawa is made of gold-plated silver and its case from mahogany, decorated with an embossed picture of the minor state coat of arms. The handle and the top of the feature a decorative ornament. The mace symbolizes the continuity of traditions of Ukrainian state development. The round presidential seal bears the state coat of arms in the centre. Under the minor coat of arms there is a symbol of the Order of Yaroslav the Wise. Official Symbols of the President of Ukraine
State symbols of the President of Ukraine
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Standard
9.
Prime Minister of Ukraine
–
The Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraines head of government, presiding over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government. The position replaced the Soviet post of the Chairman of Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, since Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, there have been sixteen prime ministers, or twenty, counting acting PMs. Arseniy Yatsenyuk was the first Prime Minister who came from Western Ukraine, two prime ministers were born in the Russian SFSR. The current prime minister is Volodymyr Groysman since he was sworn on 14 April 2016, the prime minister is appointed by the president with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada. The consent is deemed granted by the parliament when a majority of its constitutional membership votes in favour of the candidate nominated by the president. The highest parliamentary approval to date was received by Yulia Tymoshenko who was appointed the Prime Minister on February 4,2005 with 373 votes in the Verkhovna Rada. Other prime ministers who received more than 300 votes were Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Yatsenyuk again in 2014 Vitold Fokin, the procedure of granting consent by the parliament is usually preceded by several days of comprehensive consultations and interviews of the candidate by the parliamentary factions. The approval by the legislature is not a mere formality, some candidates were ratified by a narrow margin and a candidate may be turned down. For instance, in 1999, Valeriy Pustovoitenko fell three short of being re-confirmed after he tendered his resignation at the second inauguration of President Leonid Kuchma in 1999. Kuchma chose Viktor Yushchenko as his alternative candidate, another example is the approval of Yuriy Yekhanurovs candidacy. After the constitutional reform of late 2004, the president was restricted in his choice of prime minister and was obliged to nominate the person proposed by the parliamentary coalition. The prime minister, as all members of executive branch. The prime minister heads Ukraines executive branch of government, the Cabinet of Ministers, the prime minister can also propose candidates for the heads of regional administrations to the president for consideration. The prime minister can also countersign decrees and laws passed by the president, the constitution is silent on the exact regulation of the countersigning. The prime minister are responsible for the execution of laws passed by the cabinet, while in office, the prime minister is granted full legal immunity from all prosecutions and legal proceedings. The prime ministers office is headquartered in the Cabinet of Ministries building in central Kiev, the prime minister was paid a yearly salary of 202,776 UAH in 2005. Prime ministers are frequently asked by citizens for help in solving their personal problems. In 2012, Prime Minister Azarov received dozens of personal pleas every day on his Facebook page, by-passing local Governments is an ages old practice in Ukraine
Prime Minister of Ukraine
–
Incumbent
Arseniy Yatsenyuk since 27 February 2014
Prime Minister of Ukraine
–
President
Barack Obama talks with Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk at the conclusion of their bilateral meeting in the
Oval Office, March 12, 2014.
Prime Minister of Ukraine
–
Oleksandr Turchynov served as Acting Prime Minister in 2010 after
Yulia Tymoshenko tendered
her government's resignation.
10.
Volodymyr Groysman
–
Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman, sometimes transliterated as Volodymyr Borysovych Hroisman, has been the Prime Minister of Ukraine since 14 April 2016. From March 2006 until February 2014 Groysman was the Mayor of Vinnytsia and he was elected into parliament on the party lists of the pro-presidential Petro Poroshenko Bloc. Groysmans next post was the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada, starting late November 2014 until being appointed Prime Minister, Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman was born in Vinnytsia into a Jewish family on 20 January 1978. In 1994 he started his career as a director of his fathers small private business company ОКО. In the 2002 local elections, he was elected as a member of the Vinnytsia City Council from the 29th electoral district. In the city council, he worked as the Deputy Head of the Permanent Committee of the City Council on Human Rights, Lawfulness, Council Members Activities, in 2003, he graduated from the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management with a specialty in Jurisprudence. In 2004 Groysman joined the party Our Ukraine, on 25 November 2005, he was elected the head of the city council and the acting mayor. In the 26 March 2006 local elections, he was elected as the citys mayor, becoming the youngest ever mayor of a Ukrainian administrative center. In the 10 October 2010 local elections, he was re-elected mayor for a term, as a candidate of the party Conscience of Ukraine. While mayor, Groysman was the Vice-President of the Association of Ukrainian Cities, in February 2010, Groysman graduated from the National Academy of State Administration with a specialty in Community Development Management, especially management on the local and regional levels. However, Yatsenyuks resignation was not accepted by parliament, nevertheless, on 25 July 2014, the Yatsenyuk Government appointed Groysman as its acting Prime Minister. However, on 31 July 2014, the Verkhovna Rada declined Yatsenyuks resignation because only 16 of the 450 MPs voted for his resignation, in the 2014 parliamentary election, Groysman was elected into parliament after being in the top 10 of the Petro Poroshenko Blocs electoral list. On 27 November 2014, at the first session of newly elected parliament and he was also the only candidate for the post. With public dissatisfaction and allegations of corruption surrounding his government, Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk announced on 10 April 2016 that he planned to resign. Following several days of debate, on 14 April 2016. Groysman is the youngest Ukrainian prime minister ever, Groysman is not well-known outside Ukraine, and is seen by outside observers as President Poroshenkos protégé. Those posts in the new Groysman government were assigned to people who were perceived as Poroshenko allies. Groysman has indicated he would fight corruption and build ties with the European Union
Volodymyr Groysman
–
Volodymyr Groysman Володимир Гройсман
11.
Cabinet of Ukraine
–
The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine, is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine. As Cabinet of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, it was formed on 18 April 1991 by the Law of Ukrainian SSR No. 980-XII, vitold Fokin was approved the first Prime Minister of Ukraine. The Cabinet is a body consisting of the Cabinets presidium composed of five individual and several ministries that are represented by their respective minister. Some ministries may be headed by members of the Cabinet presidium, the presidium of Cabinet is composed of the Prime Minister of Ukraine presiding over the Cabinet and assisted by his First Vice Prime and other Vice Prime ministers. The Secretariat of Cabinet of Ministers ensures the operations of the cabinet, the current Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is since 14 April 2016 the Groysman government. The number of ministries in the cabinet has changed over time, some ministries were abolished, the Cabinet is responsible to the President of Ukraine and is under the control and being held accountable to the Verkhovna Rada. It consists of the Prime Minister, the First Vice-Prime Minister, at one point of time there also was an institute of state ministries that was majorly abolished on February 25,1992 by the Presidential Decree. The Secretariat of Cabinet of Ministers supports the operation of the government. Structural part of the secretariat is also the office of the Prime Minister of Ukraine, parts of Cabinet meetings are broadcast live on Ukrainian TV. Since August 2026 Ukrainians can sign and submit petitions to the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine to the formation of the priorities of state policy. To be considered, the petition must get at least 25,000 votes three months from the date of publication, Ukraine The duties of the cabinet of ministers are described in the Article 116 of the Constitution of Ukraine. Members of the government are citizens of Ukraine, who have the right of vote, higher education, the members of the government cannot have judgement against them that has not been extinguished and taken away in the established legal order. At the sessions of the Cabinet may participate the President of Ukraine or his representative, authority The Cabinet issues resolutions and orders that are mandatory for execution. Normative legal acts of the Cabinet, ministries, and other bodies of executive power are subject to registration. Failure to register invalidates the act, the Cabinet also possesses the power of legislative initiative and may introduce its own bills to the parliament. The members of Cabinet and deputy ministers may be present at the sessions of the parliament, every year no later than September 15 the Cabinet submits a bill on the State Budget of Ukraine to the Verkhovna Rada. The sessions of the Cabinet are considered if more than a half of the Cabinets members participate in them. In case if a minister cannot participate at the sessions he or she may be replaced by a deputy with a consultative capacity, on propositions of other members of the Cabinet a consultative capacity may be awarded to other participants who allowed at the sessions of the Cabinet
Cabinet of Ukraine
–
Government Building in
Hrushevsky Street, Kiev
Cabinet of Ukraine
–
Seal of the government.
Cabinet of Ukraine
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Current Prime Minister
Arseniy Yatsenyuk
12.
Legislation of Ukraine
–
Laws of Ukraine are legal documents created by the Ukrainian legislative power, Verkhovna Rada and establish the state order in country. The Laws of Ukraine support and supplement the fundamental law of country, some laws were codified into Civil Code, Criminal Code and so on. For procedural reasons Verkhovna Rada also issues resolutions that explain how legal document would be presented to parliament, bills are usually considered by the Verkhovna Rada following the procedure of three readings, the President of Ukraine must sign a law before it can be officially promulgated. After laws are published in Holos Ukrayiny they come into force officially the next day, the Verkhovna Rada can take the decision on final adoption of the bill after the first or second reading if the bill is considered as such that does not require refinement
Legislation of Ukraine
–
Ukraine
13.
Verkhovna Rada
–
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the unicameral parliament of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada is composed of 450 deputies, who are presided over by a chairman, the Verkhovna Rada meets in the Verkhovna Rada building in Ukraines capital Kiev. The current parliament is the eighth convocation, in elections to the Verkhovna Rada, a mixed voting system is used. 50% of seats are distributed under party lists with a 5% election threshold, the method of 50/50 mixed elections was used in the 2002 and 2012 elections, however, in 2006 and 2007, the elections were held under a proportional system only. The name Rada means council, rede and it originated in Kievan Rus, and then represented a boyar and higher clergy council. It was also used by Dnieper Cossacks in the 17th and 18th centuries for the meetings where major decisions were made and this name was later used by the Ukrainian Peoples Republic between March 17,1917 and April 29,1918. As well as West Ukrainian Peoples Republic and the Ukrainian government in exile where it was known as UNRada, Verkhovna, is the feminine form of the adjective верховне meaning supreme. It is derived from the Ukrainian word верх meaning top, another name used less often is the Parliament of Ukraine. The All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets had already renamed the Supreme Council in 1927. The Congress of Soviets was initiated by the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine, the last chairman of the committee was Hryhoriy Petrovsky. The first elections to the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR took place on June 26,1938, the first session of the parliament took place in Kiev on July 25 through 28,1938. The first Chairman of the council was Mykhailo Burmystenko who later died during World War II, in 1938, a presidium of the council was created that was led by Leonid Korniyets. During the war the presidium was evacuated to the city of Saratov in the Russian SFSR, on June 29,1943, the presidium issued an order postponing elections for the new convocation for one year while extending the first convocation. On January 8,1944, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR in agreement with the Communist Party decided to relocate the Presidium of the Supreme Council from Kharkiv to Kiev, new elections were scheduled for February 9,1947 for the Council. Until 24 August 1991 Verkhovna Rada kept the name Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR, the first partially free elections to the Verkhovna Rada and local councils of peoples deputies were held on 4 March 1990. m. At the time, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada was Leonid Kravchuk, the Act of Ukrainian Independence was overwhelmingly supported in a national referendum held on December 1,1991. On September 12,1991 the parliament adopted the law On Legal Succession of Ukraine, thus, the VR became the Supreme Council of Ukraine. The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted by the convocation of the Verkhovna Rada on June 28,1996
Verkhovna Rada
Verkhovna Rada
–
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Верховна Рада України
Verkhovna Rada
–
Yulia Tymoshenko, is appointed
Prime Minister of Ukraine in the Rada on February 4, 2005.
Verkhovna Rada
–
Verkhovna Rada building
14.
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
–
The Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is the presiding officer of the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraines unicameral parliament. The chairman presides over the parliament and its procedures, Chairmen are elected by open voting from the parliaments deputy ranks. Andriy Parubiy is the current chairman since being confirmed on 14 April 2016, the office of Chairman has existed since the ratification of the Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on January 30,1937. Mykhailo Burmystenko, who was appointed on January 30,1937, was the holder of the office. The post replaced the position of a chairman of Central Executive Committee. Along with the chairman, from 1937 to 1990 Verkhovna Rada was also governed by the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada that consisted of about 20 members, there have been 18 Chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada since 1927. Until Ukraines independence in 1991, it was titled as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, the chairman and his two assistants cannot head factions of deputies. The Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada is designated as the first in the order of succession of the head of state with limited authority while new presidential elections are conducted. No provisions for presidential succession are included in both the presidents and chairmans positions are vacant. During the Soviet era, the chairman was the Ukrainian SSRs de jure head of state, all former chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada receive special state privileges. After the completion of their tenure, former chairmen are provided with cabinets in the building, an official government car and an adviser. The respective decree #296 was signed by Volodymyr Lytvyn as early as on June 7,2006 – a month before he was dismissed from the post of Parliaments Speaker. After three years since its adoption, Verkhovna Rada officials kept silent about the law, after which it was public by an article in the DELO newspaper in mid-May 2009. Высшие органы государственной власти Украинской ССР
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
–
Incumbent
Volodymyr Groysman since November 27, 2014
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
–
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of
Ukraine Голова Верховної Ради України
15.
Andriy Parubiy
–
Andriy Volodymyrovych Parubiy is a Ukrainian politician who has been the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada, the Ukrainian parliament, since 14 April 2016. In the years leading up to the Ukrainian independence in 1991 Parubiy was an independence activist and was arrested for organizing a rally in 1989. In 1991 he founded the Social-National Party of Ukraine together with Oleh Tyahnybok, in 1998–2004 Parubiy led the paramilitary organization of SNPU, the Patriot of Ukraine. Parubiy left these organizations in 2004, Parubiy co-led the Orange Revolution in 2004. In the 2007 parliamentary elections he was voted into the Ukrainian parliament on an Our Ukraine–Peoples Self-Defense Bloc ticket and he then became a member of the deputy group that would later become For Ukraine. Parubiy stayed with Our Ukraine and became a member of its political council, in early February 2012 Parubiy left Our Ukraine because their views diverged. In 2012 he was re-elected into parliament on the party list of Fatherland, from December 2013 to February 2014 Parubiy was a commandant of Euromaidan. He was coordinator of the volunteer security corps for the mainstream protesters and he was then appointed Secretary of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine. This appointed was approved by new Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko on June 16,2014, as Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council, Parubiy oversaw the anti–terrorist operation against pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine. Parubiy resigned as Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council on August 7,2014. He declined to say why, stating I believe it is unacceptable to comment on my resignation in a time of war, President Poroshenko signed a decree confirming Parubiys dismissal the same day. RT reported that local media were stating that Parubiy resigned after he was ordered to another ceasefire in the southeast of Ukraine. In September 2014 Parubiy became a member of his new party Peoples Front
Andriy Parubiy
–
Andriy Parubiy in January 2015
16.
Committees of the Verkhovna Rada
–
The parliament of Ukraine adopts certain number of committees at each new convocation as well as their names and competence. It also establishes the number of individuals that may be part of each individual committee. Until 1997 committees of the Supreme Council of Ukraine were known as permanent commissions, over the years the number of committees varied between 23 and 29. The biggest committees are the Budget Committee and the Committee of Agrarian Policy, the personal composition of committees is formed the Verkhovna Rada of new convocation by electing chairmen, first deputies, chairmen deputies, secretaries and members of the committees. Election of the Peoples Deputy of Ukraine to a committee takes place based on propositions of parliamentary factions registered in compliance with quotas defined by the parliamentary regulations, chairmen, first deputies, chairmen deputies and secretary of committees cannot be at same time leaders of parliamentary factions. Chairman, his first deputy and secretary of committees cannot be members of a single faction, the chairman of the parliament, his first deputy and deputy cannot be elected to the committees. List of committees at the parliamentary website
Committees of the Verkhovna Rada
–
Ukraine
17.
Judicial system of Ukraine
–
The judicial system of Ukraine is outlined in the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. Before this there was no notion of judicial review nor any Supreme Court since 1991s Ukrainian independence, although judicial independence exist in principle, in practice there is little separation of juridical and political powers. Judges are subjected to pressure by political and business interests, Ukraines court system is widely regarded as corrupt. Although there are problems with the performance of the system. The Supreme Court is regarded as being an independent and impartial body, Ukrainian courts enjoy legal, financial and constitutional freedom guaranteed by measures adopted in Ukrainian law in 2010. Local specialized courts consisting of, regional courts, commercial and administrative courts of the capital of Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Courts of Appeal, consisting of, regional courts of appeal, court of appeal of the capital of Autonomous Republic of Crimea, courts of appeal of the cities of Kiev, specialized Courts of Appeal consisting of, commercial courts of appeal, administrative courts of appeal. The rulings of the High Administrative Court of Ukraine can not be appealed and this Court also gives commentaries to certain norms of the Constitution or laws of Ukraine. Since the juridical reform of 2016 judges are appointed by the President of Ukraine upon their nomination by the Supreme Council of Justice. Prior judges were appointed by decree for a period of five years. This 5 year probation period was abolished in 2016. Immunity from prosecution was guaranteed to judges until 2016, currently a judge is protected from liability resulting from their judicial actions only. Ukraine has no jury system, most cases are heard by either a judge or two judges accompanied by assessors. The Congress of Judges is the highest body of judicial self-government, the Council of Judges is responsible for the enforcement of the decisions of the Congress and their implementation in the period between congresses, and decides on the convocation of the Congress. The State Judicial Administration provides organizational support of the judiciary and represents the judiciary to the Cabinet of Ministers, three members of the council are automatically assigned for holding the following positions, Chairman of the Supreme Court, Minister of Justice, and Prosecutor General. The other 17 members are elected for a period of six years, the council consists of 20 members. It was created on January 15,1998, the 2010 Judicial System and Status of Judges Act is the legal basis for the organization of the judiciary and the administration of justice in Ukraine. Since January 1,2010 it is allowed to court proceedings in Russian on mutual consent of parties
Judicial system of Ukraine
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The
Klov Palace is home to the
Supreme Court of Ukraine.
Judicial system of Ukraine
–
Ukraine
18.
Constitutional Court of Ukraine
–
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine is the sole body of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine interprets the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of laws, the Court initiated its activity on October 18,1996. The first Court ruling was made on May 13,1997, on urgent matters the Constitutional Court rules within weeks, but on matters deemed less urgent it can take months. In 2016 access to the Constitutional Court was significantly broadened, since then all individuals and companies where there are grounds to claim that a final court judgment contradicts the Constitution can file a complaint at the court. A complaint may only be filed after all other remedies have been exhausted in the regular Ukrainian courts, a complaint may only be filed after all other remedies have been exhausted in the regular Ukrainian courts. The Courts rulings are mandatory for execution in Ukraine, are final, laws and other legal acts, or their separate provisions, that are deemed unconstitutional, lose legal force. The Court is composed of 18 judges, appointed in equal shares by the President, the parliament, the President and parliament are required to fill a vacant position within one month and the Congress of judges has three months to do so. The Chairman of the Court is elected by ballot for a single three-year term from. His move was overturned by the Constitutional Court and the judges were returned by a temporary restraining order issued by the court. On May 16, Viktor Yushchenko, for a second time, on May 17, the Constitutional Court Chairman Ivan Dombrovskyy resigns and is replaced by Valeriy Pshenychnyy. On May 23, The Constitutional Court of Ukraine acted to prevent the undue influence on the court system. On July 20 Susanna Stanik won an appeal against the President in the Shevchenko district court of Kiev, the Court ruled the Presidents actions illegal and reinstated Ms Staniks entitlement as a member of Ukraines Constitutional Court. According to the ruling, the President is obliged to cancel his decree on discharge of Mrs. Stanik, the other two judges who were also illegally dismissed had previously tendered their resignations and as such were not subject to the courts order. Following the presidents intervention the Constitutional Court still has not ruled on the question of legality of the presidents actions, how the court can agree to consider such a petition under such conditions. Ms Staniks position has been reinstated, the decision is final and not subject to further appeal On April 3,2008 Stanik was dismissed from the Court by the order of the President. On April 28,2010 President Viktor Yanukovych reinstated Stanik as Constitutional Court judge, november 14,2001, The Court outlawed the institution of propiska. December 25,2003, The Court allowed Leonid Kuchma to run for presidency for the third time, October 1,2010, The Court determined the 2004 amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine unconstitutional, repealing them. On February 21,2014 parliament passed a law that reinstated these December 2004 amendments, attempts to bribe and blackmail Constitutional Court judges in order to get a favourable ruling were reported
Constitutional Court of Ukraine
–
Constitutional Court in
Kiev
19.
Supreme Court of Ukraine
–
The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine. The Court derives its authority from the Constitution of Ukraine, more detailed description of the Courts functions and authority may be found in the Law of Ukraine On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges. The Court consists of several judicial chambers, according to a judicial reform the Court consists of 48 justices. Appointments to the Court are made by the parliament and have no fixed time limit, but each member of the Court is obligated to retire at the age of 65. The Chairman of the Supreme Court is elected to office and dismissed from office by the Plenary Assembly of the Court by secret ballot, in July 2010 functions of the Court was severely limited. But in November 2011 the functions of Supreme Court were broadened, the first Supreme Court of Ukraine was established on December 15,1917 as the General Court of the Ukrainian Peoples Republic. It was the first established national court since liquidation of Hetmanate in the 18th century, soon after that on January 17,1918 the Communist government of Ukraine Peoples Secretariat declared about creation of the Peoples Court of Ukraine. The General Court consisted of 15 judges that were elected by the Central Council of Ukraine on proposition of the General Secretariat of Ukraine, the competence of the elected judges was extended until the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine by the All-Ukrainian Constituent Assembly. Office of Prosecutor was established within the General Court and headed by the Senior Prosecutor who was appointed by the Secretary of Court Affairs, the Senior Prosecutor was appointed Dmytro Markovych. On July 8,1918, the Hetman of Ukraine completely changed the upper echelon of judicial jurisdiction in the country, the court in the Soviet Ukraine was established on March 11,1923. It moved into the 18th-century Klov Palace in 2003, according to a poll, the overall trust in the Court in Ukraine is very low. Government of Ukraine – court overview Information web-site of the Supreme Court, the High Arbitration Court of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 2006-05-15, Law of Ukraine On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges, as amended General Court of Ukraine
Supreme Court of Ukraine
–
Klov Palace
20.
Office of public prosecutor of Ukraine
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The Prosecutor General of Ukraine heads the system of official prosecution in courts known as the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine. The term of authority of the Prosecutor is six years and she or he is appointed and dismissed by the president with parliamentary consent. Parliament can force the Prosecutor General to resign after a vote of no-confidence, the current Prosecutor General is Yuriy Lutsenko. There are seven more deputies to the Prosecutor General. The Prosecutor General is appointed to office by the President of Ukraine with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada, the Prosecutor is dismissed from office by the President. The Verkhovna Rada may express no confidence in the Prosecutor which will results, after a number of votes is achieved. Both in theory and in practice, the Prosecutor General and their office wield considerable power and this is a legacy of the Soviet Union state prosecutor’s office founded in 1937 of which the current Prosecutor General office is the successor. After Ukraines independence in 1991 many of the Prosecutor General office functions were expanded, on annual basis the Prosecutor General has to report to the Verkhovna Rada about the legal situation in the country. The independent agency General Inspectorate oversees the legality of actions undertaken by prosecutors and investigators of the prosecution system. National Academy of Prosecution of Ukraine In the early years of the Ukrainian SSR, from 1937 to 1991 the republican prosecution office of Ukraine was subordinated to the Prosecutor General of the the USSR. Until 1937 the Prosecutor General of Ukraine was appointed by the bodies of state power of Ukraine. This list shows prosecutors of independent Ukraine, in the absence of the Prosecutor General, the office is headed by their First Deputy as the acting Prosecutor General. Prior to January 2017 the term of authority of the Prosecutor was five years, since January 2017 this was increased to six years. Legend, act — acting comm — Parliamentary commissioner Notes, ^ Makhnitskyi served as acting Prosecutor by being appointed by the acting President of Ukraine, Makhnitskyi is also the only head of the office in the post-Soviet Ukraine who served as a parliamentary commissioner. ^ Shokin was set to be formally dismissed since February 16,2016 after submitting a letter of resignation, on March 16 Shokin returned to his duties as if he never submitted any letters of resignation. He was formerly dismissed in a vote on 29 March 2016. ^ Yuriy Sevruk served as acting Prosecutor being the First Deputy General Prosecutor until the appointment of a new Prosecutor General. Judicial system of Ukraine Ministry of Justice Law of Ukraine On Prosecutors Office
Office of public prosecutor of Ukraine
–
Prosecution of Ukraine
Office of public prosecutor of Ukraine
21.
Local government (Ukraine)
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Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the President, Verkhovna Rada, and local governments. Referendums may be held on special occasions, Ukraine has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which often not a single party has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the President and Verkhovna Rada, the president is elected for a five-year term. The Verkhovna Rada has 450 members and is elected for a five-year term. Currently the Verkhovna Rada is elected using an election system. Half of the representatives are elected from national closed party lists distributed between the parties using the Hare quota with a 5% threshold, the remaining half are elected from constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. A snap poll must have a voter turnout higher than 50%, ukraine’s election law forbids outside financing of political parties or campaigns. Presidential candidates must had residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day, the election laws were slightly modified on 20 December 2013. Since late February 2016 a party congress is allowed to any candidate from its party list before the Central Election Commission recognizes him or her elected. Meaning that parties after elections can prevent their candidates to take a seat in parliament that they were entitled too due to their place on the party list, a party is also allowed to excluded people from its electoral list of the last parliamentary elections. Under the Constitution of Ukraine, the term of office of the heads of villages and towns, the parliamentary election law has been changed 4 times since 1991. Before 1998 all the members of the Parliament were elected by single-seat constituencies, in 1998 and in 2002 half of the members were elected by proportional representation and the other half by single-seat constituencies. In the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary election, all 450 members of the Verkhovna Rada where elected by party-list proportional representation with closed lists. In the 2010 Ukrainian local elections four years was set for the office of the heads of villages and towns, although this geographical division is decreasing. Till the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the electorate of CPU and Party of Regions was very loyal to them, but in the 2014 parliamentary election Party of Regions did not to participate and the CPU came 1. 12% short of the 5% election threshold. A2010 study by the Institute of Social and Political Psychology of Ukraine found that in general,46 percent of the Tymoshenko’s backers expect improvement in their well-being in the next year compared to 30 percent for Yanukovych. In the 2014 parliamentary elections the voter turnout was set at 52. 42%. This figure was determined after the Central Electoral Commission deducted the eligible voters in areas were voting was impossible, the lowest turnout in these elections was in Donetsk Oblast, the highest in again in Lviv Oblast
Local government (Ukraine)
–
A woman with
ballot during
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
Local government (Ukraine)
–
Ukraine
22.
Chief of Local State Administration (Ukraine)
–
In Ukraine, the title Chief of Local State Administration refers to the chief executive of each of the administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast, raion or city. Sometimes it is referred to as governor, in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea the position is called the Representative of President of Ukraine in Crimea. Beside the local state administration all local councils have their own executive committees, the position derived from the institute of presidential representatives that was introduced during the presidency of Leonid Kravchuk in 1992. The chiefs of local administrations are appointed by the President of Ukraine with the recommendation from the Prime Minister of Ukraine. The role and powers of the position are defined in the Chapter 2 of the Law of Ukraine On Local State Administration, candidates on the position of the chief of district state administration are recommended to the Prime Minister of Ukraine by the chiefs of the respected regional state administrations. The authority of the chiefs of local administrations is terminated also upon their death. The chief thus heads the executive branch in each region, district, the orders of the chief adopted within his/her competence are mandatory for execution on respective territory by all authorities, companies, institutions and organizations, officials and citizens
Chief of Local State Administration (Ukraine)
–
Ukraine
23.
Administrative divisions of Ukraine
–
Ukraine is divided into several levels of territorial entities. On the first level there are 27 regions,24 oblasts, one autonomous republic, since the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014, Ukraines control of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol is disputed. It is somewhat complex as beside having several levels of a subdivision, it also has a classification for various populated places. Note, that certain types of subdivision are not mentioned in Constitution of Ukraine. Also, for disambiguation regular raions are sometimes denoted as rural to distinguish them from raions in city, Ukraines administrative divisions are divided as follows, By geographical characteristics the units are divided on regions and places of settlement. By their status they can be administrative-territorial units, self-governed territorial units, by position in the system of administrative division of Ukraine, the units divided into territorial units of prime level, of middle level, and of higher level. Administrative division has changed because some territories are not under the control of the government, for example, Sievierodonetsk has become the new central regional center. Regions, cities, districts are governed by a state administration, Crimea has its own cabinet of ministers, however the state administration is represented by the office of the Presidential Representative of Ukraine. A basic and the lowest level of division is a settlement that is governed by a local council. Cities as a settlement always carry a special status within a region and have their own form of self-administration, city municipalities are governed by a mayor and a city council. Some smaller cities, towns, and rural localities may be under control of city based on larger cities. Towns as well as villages are not controlled by state administration and are self-governed by either a council or a village council within the limits of the Constitution. Village councils may carry a combined jurisdiction which may include several villages, unlike villages, each town council always has a separate jurisdiction which may be part of bigger citys council. Hamlet is a rural locality and is governed by a village council of nearby village. Ukraine is divided into 3 main administrative divisions, oblast, raion, note, settlements such as cities do not necessary constitute the basic level of the Ukrainian administrative territorial system. For that purpose cities are categorized into own three categories that correspond to level of subdivisions. Cities with special status and regional significance beside being divided into districts in city may also include smaller cities, settlements. Please, note that the population size is not the only factor for its status
Administrative divisions of Ukraine
–
The
Dnieper River plays an important part in Ukrainian territorial division, with many large cities settled on its banks. Here, the capital city of
Kiev which was founded on the Dnieper's right bank but for now expanded over the river significantly.
Administrative divisions of Ukraine
–
Drohobych, is a city of oblast subordinance, subordinate to the
Lviv Oblast authorities rather than to the local
Drohobych Raion administration.
Administrative divisions of Ukraine
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A mix of modern and old buildings in
Dnipropetrovsk, located in
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Dnipropetrovsk's metropolitan area includes cities such as
Dniprodzerzhynsk and
Novomoskovsk.
24.
Oblasts of Ukraine
–
An oblast, in English referred to as a region, refers to one of Ukraines 24 primary administrative units. Ukraine is a state, thus, the regions do not have much legal scope of competence other than that which is established in the Ukrainian Constitution. Articles 140-146 of Chapter XI of the constitution deal directly with local authorities, oblasts are further subdivided into raions, ranging in number from 11 to 27 per entity. In Ukraine the term Oblast denotes a primary administrative division, under the Russian Empire and into the 1920s, Ukraine was divided between several Governorates. The first oblasts were Vinnytsia Oblast, Kiev Oblast, Odessa Oblast, Kharkiv Oblast, between 1935-1938 there existed several newly created and self-governed special border okrugs located along the western border of the Soviet Union in Ukraine and Belarus. Upon liquidation of the okrugs in 1937-38 Kiev, Vinnytsia, Odessa, just before the World War II, the Donetsk Oblast was split into Stalino Oblast and Voroshylovhrad Oblast and the Kirovohrad Oblast was created out of portions of Kiev, Mykolaiv and Odessa oblasts. During World War II Ukraine added eight additional oblasts of the West Ukraine, with the re-establishing of the Soviet power in the state after the war, the administrative division by oblast was resumed adding one more oblast—Zakarpattia. In 1959, Drohobych Oblast was merged with Lviv Oblast, most of Ukraines oblasts are named after their respective administrative centers, which are also the largest and most developed city in a given region. Each region generally consists of one to two million of people, ranging anywhere from as low as 904,000 in Chernivtsi Oblast to 4.4 million in the eastern oblast of Donetsk. Each oblast is subdivided into about 20 raions. The specific text of the constitution refers to the territorial structure is as follows. Each of Ukraines oblasts have their own legislative and executive authority, each region is administered under laws passed by the Ukrainian government and the Constitution of Ukraine. Each region levies its own taxes and, in return, receive a portion of their budget from Kiev, executive power each of the oblasts are exercised by local elected administrations. The heads of local administrations are in turn appointed and dismissed by the President of Ukraine upon nomination by the Cabinet of Ministers, since Ukraine is a unitary state, there is little true political power and weight that these local administrations actually hold. Carrying out their authorities, the heads of local administrations are accountable to the President and are subordinate to higher bodies of executive leadership, legislative power in the oblast governments is exercised by their respective oblast councils, which in turn supervise the activities of local administrations. They also have considerable budgets managed by an oblast council made up of deputies voted into office in regional elections every 4 years. The name of each oblast is an adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city. Poltava is a center of Poltavska oblast, most of them are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix -shchyna
Oblasts of Ukraine
–
Map of the
Okruhas of Ukraine in 1927.
Oblasts of Ukraine
25.
List of cities in Ukraine
–
This is a complete list of cities in Ukraine. On 1 January 2010 there were 459 cities in Ukraine, city status is granted on the decision of the Ukrainian parliament. The city status is partially related to the size of a populated place in Ukraine. There are three categories of cities that depends on status of cities in the country and in the table below are indicated by a respective letter as a city status. All cities have some level of significance, any settlement that obtains city status becomes a city of district subordinance. The cities of significance can either be of oblast subordinance or republican subordinance. The cities of significance are officially known as the cities with special status. Below is the list of all cities by population at the 2001 Ukrainian Census, except for Chernobyl which population is an unofficial estimate. is
List of cities in Ukraine
–
Kyiv
List of cities in Ukraine
–
Map of Europe & Ukraine
List of cities in Ukraine
–
Kharkiv
List of cities in Ukraine
–
Dnipropetrovsk
26.
City of regional significance (Ukraine)
–
City of regional significance is a city municipality that is designated as a separate district within its region. In Crimea, these cities are referred to as cities of republican significance, the designation of regional significance was created with the introduction of oblasts back in 1932. Such city municipality is complex and usually combines the city proper as well as the adjacent populated places, the city of regional significance is governed by a city council known as miskrada which is chaired by a mayor. Each region has at least one city of regional significance as its administrative center and these exceptions are usually granted on a decision of the Supreme Council of Ukraine – Verkhovna Rada. The city can be divided into districts at the citys authorities discretion, along with raions of a region, the cities of regional significance are the second level of administrative-territorial division of Ukraine. Beside having districts, the city can be divided into various municipal councils such as city councils, town councils. Additionally, a city of regional significance can simply be composed of one settlement itself, on average there are seven cities in each oblast or Crimea. Population statistics are from the 2001 Ukrainian Census, an asterisk indicates cities that have district division. * - Not shown on map City of district significance, similar category for smaller cities Consolidated city-county Regions of Ukraine, archived from the original on 26 December 2011. On Procedure of settlement of matters of administrative-territorial structure of the Ukrainian SSR
City of regional significance (Ukraine)
–
Cities are marked with
Latin alphabet lettering
27.
Elections in Ukraine
–
Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the President, Verkhovna Rada, and local governments. Referendums may be held on special occasions, Ukraine has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which often not a single party has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the President and Verkhovna Rada, the president is elected for a five-year term. The Verkhovna Rada has 450 members and is elected for a five-year term. Currently the Verkhovna Rada is elected using an election system. Half of the representatives are elected from national closed party lists distributed between the parties using the Hare quota with a 5% threshold, the remaining half are elected from constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. A snap poll must have a voter turnout higher than 50%, ukraine’s election law forbids outside financing of political parties or campaigns. Presidential candidates must had residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day, the election laws were slightly modified on 20 December 2013. Since late February 2016 a party congress is allowed to any candidate from its party list before the Central Election Commission recognizes him or her elected. Meaning that parties after elections can prevent their candidates to take a seat in parliament that they were entitled too due to their place on the party list, a party is also allowed to excluded people from its electoral list of the last parliamentary elections. Under the Constitution of Ukraine, the term of office of the heads of villages and towns, the parliamentary election law has been changed 4 times since 1991. Before 1998 all the members of the Parliament were elected by single-seat constituencies, in 1998 and in 2002 half of the members were elected by proportional representation and the other half by single-seat constituencies. In the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary election, all 450 members of the Verkhovna Rada where elected by party-list proportional representation with closed lists. In the 2010 Ukrainian local elections four years was set for the office of the heads of villages and towns, although this geographical division is decreasing. Till the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the electorate of CPU and Party of Regions was very loyal to them, but in the 2014 parliamentary election Party of Regions did not to participate and the CPU came 1. 12% short of the 5% election threshold. A2010 study by the Institute of Social and Political Psychology of Ukraine found that in general,46 percent of the Tymoshenko’s backers expect improvement in their well-being in the next year compared to 30 percent for Yanukovych. In the 2014 parliamentary elections the voter turnout was set at 52. 42%. This figure was determined after the Central Electoral Commission deducted the eligible voters in areas were voting was impossible, the lowest turnout in these elections was in Donetsk Oblast, the highest in again in Lviv Oblast
Elections in Ukraine
–
A woman with
ballot during
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
28.
Central Election Commission of Ukraine
–
The Central Election Commission of Ukraine is a permanent and independent collegiate body of the Ukrainian government. The Commission is vested with authority to supervise and conduct presidential, parliamentary and it issues mandatory decrees, which may be appealed to the Supreme Court of Ukraine or the High Administrative Court of Ukraine. The Commission is directly financed from the budget of Ukraine. The Commission doesn’t have any power to perform checks, investigate finance issues or punish violations. The overall trust in the Central Election Commission of Ukraine in Ukraine is very low, the Commission consists of 15 members. Each member is appointed for a 7-year term by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, nominees are submitted by the President of Ukraine upon consultations with parliamentary factions and groups. Appointed members take an oath of office at the plenary meeting of the parliament. All members of the commission have an education in law. The chairman of the commission is elected by the members of the commission through a secret voting, the Commission elects out of its ranks the head of the Commission, deputy heads, and the secretary of the Commission. It prepared elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly, which were interrupted by the Ukrainian-Soviet War, in 1989 the modern election commission was created under the Cabinet of Ukraine, which in 1997 became an independent body of the Ukrainian government. There are different electoral divisions depending on the level of elections, before the electoral of 1997 and the installation of the Central Election Commission the country consisted of 450 electoral districts. With the introduction of party voting principle the number of changed to 225. Each electoral district includes around 120-180 smaller electoral precincts, beside the national level elections the country conducts local elections as well. Each region, district, urban or rural settlement has its own council amounting altogether to some 12,088 councils of various size across the nation and this appointment was an integral part of the legislative package to resolve the presidential election crisis in Ukraine. These members supervised the repeat of the round of the presidential elections on December 26,2004. 1932-IV, dated June 30,2004, promulgated July 9,2004, the Decree of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine On Appointing the Members of the Central Election Commission, No. 2225-IV, dated December 8,2004, promulgated December 8,2004 Official website
Central Election Commission of Ukraine
–
Emblem of the Commission
29.
Political parties in Ukraine
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Ukraine has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. In the Ukrainian parliamentary election 52 political parties nominated candidates, in the last nationwide local elections this number had grown to 132 political parties. Many parties in Ukraine have very small memberships and are unknown to the general public, Party membership in Ukraine is lower than 1% of the population eligible to vote. National parties currently not represented in Ukraine’s national parliament Verkhovna Rada do have representatives in municipal counsels, Ukrainian societys trust of political parties is very low overall. According to an April 2014 poll by Razumkov Centre 14. 7%, parties can only register with the Ministry of Justice if they can demonstrate a base of support in two-thirds of Ukraines Oblasts. Then within six months the party must establish regional offices in a majority of the 24 oblasts, in practice these offices rarely stay active and open in-between elections. Ukraine’s election law forbids outside financing of political parties or campaigns, in the 2014 parliamentary election UDAR did not participate but its members filled 30% of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc election list. The Petro Poroshenko Bloc won the election with 132 seats, the first movement gets its voters mainly from Western Ukraine and Central Ukraine, the latter from Eastern Ukraine and Southern Ukraine. The radical nationalistic All-Ukrainian Union Svoboda can not be placed in the two major movements. Svoboda gets the lion share of its votes from Western Ukraine, Ukrainian parties tend not to have a clear ideology but to contain different political groups with diverging ideological outlooks. Unlike in Western politics, civilizational and geostrategic orientations play an important role than economic. Professor Paul DAnieri has argued that Ukrainian parties are elite-based rather than mass-based, while former Ambassador of Germany to Ukraine Dietmar Studemann believes that personalities are more important in Ukrainian politics than platforms. Parties in the meaning of this word do not exist in Ukraine so far. A party for Germans is its platform first, and its personalities later, even before Ukraine became independent in August 1991, political parties in Ukraine started to form around intellectuals and former Soviet dissidents. They posed the main opposition to the ruling Communist Party of Ukraine, at the first convocation of the Verkhovna Rada those parties formed the parliamentary opposition Peoples Council. The most noticeable parties of the opposition included the Peoples Movement of Ukraine. Due to the August Putsch in Moscow, a process to prohibit communist parties in Ukraine took place, led by Oleksandr Moroz, the parliamentary faction of the CPU, Group of 239, started a process to re-form the CPU into the Socialist Party of Ukraine. In 1993 in Donetsk the first congress of the reinstated Communist Party of Ukraine took place, the re-formed party of the CPU, the Socialist Party of Ukraine, and its major ally, the Peasant Party of Ukraine, performed relatively strongly
Political parties in Ukraine
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Main topics
30.
Ukrainian presidential election, 2014
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Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 25 May 2014, resulting in Petro Poroshenko being elected President of Ukraine. Originally scheduled to take place on 29 March 2015, the date was changed following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, Poroshenko won the elections with 54. 7% of the votes. His closest competitor was Yulia Tymoshenko, who emerged with 12. 81% of the votes, the Central Election Commission reported voter turnout at over 60% excluding those regions not under government control. Since Poroshenko obtained a majority in the first round, a run-off second ballot was unnecessary. The elections were not held throughout Ukraine, during the 2014 Crimean crisis, Ukraine lost control over Crimea, which was unilaterally annexed by Russia in March 2014. As a result, elections were not held in Crimea, in the Donbass region of Ukraine only 20% of the ballot stations were open due to threats and violence by pro-Russia separatists. Of the 2,430 planned ballot stations only 426 remained open for polling, the self-proclaimed Donetsk Peoples Republic and Luhansk Peoples Republic, controlling large parts of the Donbass, had vowed to do everything possible to disrupt the elections. Poroshenko will serve a term in office. Initially the elections were scheduled for 29 March 2015, on 7 December 2012, Fatherland nominated Yulia Tymoshenko as its presidential candidate. On 14 June 2013, the congress of her party approved the decision to nominate her as its candidate for the presidential election. On 11 October 2011, a Ukrainian court found Tymoshenko guilty of abuse of power, sentenced her to seven years in jail, because Tymoshenko was in prison during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Arseniy Yatsenyuk headed the election list of Fatherland. Tymoshenko remained in prison until 22 February 2014, after parliament voted for her release and removal of her criminal record, if the election format were to change to a single round, the three parties vowed to agree on a single candidate. On 24 October 2013, the leader of UDAR, Vitali Klitschko, experts and lawyers argued that it is unclear if Klitschko could take part. Under Ukrainian law a candidate must have had his residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day. Klitschko has lived for years in both Ukraine and Germany, where, according to media reports, he has a residence permit. Klitschko confirmed on 28 February 2014 that he take part in the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election. However, on 29 March, he withdrew from the race for the presidency, former President Viktor Yanukovych, prior to his dismissal and subsequent flight from the country, was considered likely to run for his second and final term. But, as of 19 December 2013, he had no final decision on this
Ukrainian presidential election, 2014
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Nominee
Ukrainian presidential election, 2014
Ukrainian presidential election, 2014
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Voter turnout in
Donetsk Oblast in the election
31.
Ukrainian presidential election, 2010
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The Ukrainian presidential election of 2010 was Ukraines fifth presidential election since declaring independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The first round was held on January 17,2010, the run-off between Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko and opposition leader Viktor Yanukovych followed on February 7,2010. On February 14, Viktor Yanukovych, with 48. 95% of the vote, was declared President-elect. According to Article 104 of Ukraines Constitution, the President must be sworn into office within 30 days from the declaration of the poll before the Ukrainian parliament. The Ukrainian Parliament scheduled Yanukovychs inauguration for February 25, on February 17,2010, the Supreme Administrative Court of Ukraine, suspended the results of the election on appeal from Tymoshenko. The court suspended the Central Election Commission of Ukraine ruling that announced that Viktor Yanukovych won the election, on February 20, Tymoshenko withdrew her appeal. Early-vote returns from the first round of the held on 17 January showed Yanukovych in first place with 35. 8% of the vote. He faced a 7 February 2010 runoff against Tymoshenko, who finished second, analysts predicted a slight advantage for Tymoshenko in the second round as she was more likely to attract voters from the other 16 candidates who did not proceed to the second round. After all ballots were counted, the Ukrainian Central Election Commission declared that Yanukovych won the election with 48. 95% of the vote compared with 45. 47% for Tymoshenko, Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc members immediately claimed that there was systematic and large-scale vote rigging in this run-off. On 10 February 2010, Yanukovych called on Tymoshenko to abandon her protests, on 9 February 2010, Yanukovych had stated that Borys Kolesnykov was his preferred next Prime Minister of Ukraine. According to him pre-term parliamentary elections will be imminent if the Ukrainian parliament would not work effectively, Yanukovych also stated that, as the largest faction in the parliament at the time, his party was entitled to nominate the premier. On 15 February, Yanukovych stated I do not rule out the candidature of Tigipko, Tigipko is on the list which, in my opinion, will be discussed next week in parliament. On 16 February 2010, Ukraines parliament had fixed 25 February 2010 for the inauguration of Yanukovych as president, public Opinion Polls predicted the Party of Regions and Viktor Yanukovychs win in the 2010 Presidential election. According to an article in Kyiv Post in November 2009, Yanukovychs popularity in the Donbass was fading, in Ukraine, the previous two presidential first round ballots have traditionally occurred in October. In the event of termination of authority of the President of Ukraine. Early Presidential elections can be held in case of resignation, ill-health. The President of Ukraine is elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a term, on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage. On April 1,2009, the Verkhovna Rada designated October 25,2009, within a week, President Yushchenko filed an appeal with the Constitutional Court against Verkhovna Radas October 25 date
Ukrainian presidential election, 2010
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Nominee
Ukrainian presidential election, 2010
Ukrainian presidential election, 2010
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Yatsenyuk promotion (August 2009)
Ukrainian presidential election, 2010
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"She Works" billboard (August 2009)
32.
Ukrainian presidential election, 2004
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The Ukrainian presidential election,2004 was held on October 31, November 21 and December 26,2004. The election was the presidential election to take place in Ukraine following independence from the Soviet Union. The last stages of the election were contested between the opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko and the incumbent Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych from the Party of Regions. The election was held in a highly charged atmosphere, with allegations of media bias, voter intimidation. According to Ukraines electoral law, a system is used to elect the President in which a candidate must win a majority of all ballots cast. The first round of voting was held on October 31,2004, as no candidate had 50% or more of the votes cast a run-off ballot between the two-highest polling candidates, Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych, was held on November 21. According to official Central Election Commission results announced on November 23, the election results were challenged by Viktor Yushchenko and his supporters with many international observers claiming that the election was rigged. The subsequent events led to a crisis in Ukraine, with widespread peaceful protesters, dubbed the Orange Revolution. The Ukrainian Supreme Court annulled the official results and ordered a repeat of second round ballot. The final re-run ballot was held on December 26, Viktor Yushchenko was declared the winner with 52 percent of the vote to Yanukovychs 44 percent. International observers reported that the ballot was considered overall fairer than the previous ballots. For a timeline of events followed the runoff, see Post-election developments in Ukraine,2004. All together 26 candidates had been nominated and participated in presidential elections, the two main contenders in the election were the incumbent Prime Minister and government-supported candidate Viktor Yanukovych and opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko. Viktor Yanukovych, who was the Prime Minister since 2002, was supported by the outgoing President Leonid Kuchma, as well as by the Russian government, Viktor Yushchenko was portrayed as being more pro-Western and had received support of the European Union states and the United States. The preliminary ballot of the 2004 presidential election was held on October 31,2004, the official results recorded Viktor Yushchenko with 39.87 percent and Victor Yanukovych 39.32 percent of the votes cast. As no candidate had secured 50% or more votes required for outright victory, although a 75 percent turnout was recorded in the initial vote, observers reported many irregularities, particularly in the regions where Yushchenkos support was seen to be strongest. It was unclear how much of an impact this had on the result, a total of 28,035,184 voters participated in the first round of voting. The geographic distribution of the votes showed a clear east-west division of Ukraine, the western and central parts roughly correspond with the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century
Ukrainian presidential election, 2004
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Nominee
Ukrainian presidential election, 2004
Ukrainian presidential election, 2004
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First round voters in
Kamianets-Podilskyi on October 31, 2004.
Ukrainian presidential election, 2004
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Round table talks with Ukrainian and foreign representatives during the
Orange Revolution on December 1 in
Kiev.
33.
Ukrainian presidential election, 1999
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Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 31 October 1999, with a second round on 14 November. The result was a victory for Leonid Kuchma, who defeated Petro Symonenko in the run-off, at the time of election the population in Ukraine was 50,105,600 with 34,017,400 living in cities. The most districts contained the Donetsk Oblast as the most populous one, the city of Kiev had 12 electoral districts and Sevastopol -2. There also was a special out-of-country district available for voters who at the moment of elections were not available to vote in Ukraine, there were 32 individuals who submitted their documents for registration as pretenders on candidate to the President of Ukraine. Out of them 19 pretenders were registered with the Central Election Commission of Ukraine to run for presidential elections, in the process ten pretenders were not able to gather the required signatures, while six were reinstated on decision of the Supreme Court of Ukraine. Later another two registered candidates withdrew, since the summer of 1999 there was a sharp competition among the candidates. Four candidates Yevhen Marchuk, Oleksandr Moroz, Volodymyr Oliynyk, and Oleksandr Tkachenko met in Kaniv, the Kaniv Four had intentions to present a single candidate who would have more chances for success. It however failed to do so and no one else joined them neither, Volodymyr Oliynyk being promoted by Kirovohrad city residents, on October 27 surrendered his candidacy in favor of Yevhen Marchuk, while Oleksandr Tkachenko favored Petro Symonenko. In the first round the most oblasts and the district were won by Leonid Kuchma. In seven oblasts the top candidate was Petro Symonenko mostly in the centre, Oleksandr Moroz managed to become the leader in the more agrarian oriented Poltava and Vinnytsia Oblasts. Nataliya Vitrenko took the peak of the candidate list in the Sumy Oblast, ^ During the election campaign Kuchma was supported by the Bloc Our Choice – Leonid Kuchma. State-Building, A Comparative Study of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, ISBN9637326995 Kuzio, T. Ukraine after the elections Ukrainian presidential election,1999. Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine website, handbook on preparation to the Foreign Independent Evaluation on history of Ukraine. Electoral map of Lviv region in inter regional section, yulia Tyshchenko, Ukrainian Independent Center of Political Studies. Kiev 20001999 Presidential elections, how it was
Ukrainian presidential election, 1999
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Nominee
Ukrainian presidential election, 1999
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Ukrainian presidential election, 1999
Ukrainian presidential election, 1999
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Campaign advertising, Leonid Kuchma's poster
34.
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2019
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The next Ukrainian parliamentary elections must be held no later than 2019. Following the 2014 parliamentary elections the Petro Poroshenko Bloc party became the largest party, on 21 November 2014, Petro Poroshenko Bloc, Peoples Front, Self Reliance, Fatherland and the Radical Party signed a coalition agreement. Arseniy Yatsenyuk became Prime Minister on 2 December 2014,17 and 18 February 2016 Fatherland and Self Reliance left the coalition, meaning that the coalition became 5 deputies short of the 226 needed. On 14 April 2016 Volodymyr Groysman became the new Prime Minister, since 2014 in Ukraine negotiations on the introduction of 100% Party-list proportional representation elections with open lists. Main lobbyists, Volodymyr Groysman, Self Reliance
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2019
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A woman with
ballot during
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2019
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Ukraine
35.
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014
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A snap election of the Verkhovna Rada took place on 26 October 2014. Petro Poroshenko, the President of Ukraine, had pressed for early elections since his victory in the presidential election. The July breakup of ruling coalition gave him the right to dissolve the parliament, the voting was not provided in the annexed Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. The voting also did not reach significant parts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts because of the ongoing War in Donbass, because of this,27 out of the 450 seats in the 8th Verkhovna Rada remained unfilled. This election can be called a realigning, ruling in 2010-2014, the Party of Regions did not participate in this election, while its informal successor Opposition Bloc showed modest result with only 9. 43%. For the first time since Ukrainian independence, the Communist Party of Ukraine gained no parliamentary representation, four newly created parties got the highest support in this election, Petro Poroshenko Bloc, Peoples Front, Self Reliance and Opposition Bloc. Since the parallel voting system was used, the allocation of seats is not proportional, for example, the winner in party-list voting Peoples Front got second faction with 82 seats, while Petro Poroshenko Bloc took 123 seats with 21. 82% of votes. The work of the new parliament started on 27 November 2014, on the same day, five factions formed the European Ukraine coalition, Petro Poroshenko Bloc, Peoples Front, Self Reliance, Radical Party and Fatherland. On 2 December the second Yatsenyuk government was approved, according to the election law of November 2011, elections to the Verkhovna Rada must take place at least every five years. That law came into effect with the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election, If the Rada had sat for the maximum allotted time, the next parliamentary election would have occurred on 29 October 2017. Despite this, the president-elect Petro Poroshenko said that he wanted to hold parliamentary elections following his victory in the presidential election on 25 May 2014. At 26 June session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Poroshenko said that he hoped to hold elections in October 2014. The parliamentary coalition that supported the Yatsenyuk Government, formed in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, If no new coalition formed within thirty days, President Poroshenko would become entitled to dissolve the Rada and to call early parliamentary elections. On the same day as the dissolution, the Sovereign European Ukraine faction submitted a bill to the Rada that called for elections to take place on 28 September 2014. President Poroshenko said, I dont know how to work with a parliament in which a number, whole factions. And this danger is only increasing and he also said that new elections are the best and the most efficient form of lustration of not only the parliament but also the political forces. Poroshenko announced on 25 August that he had called for elections to the Rada to take place on 26 October 2014, in his accompanying television address, he portrayed the elections as necessary to purify the Rada of the mainstay of Viktor Yanukovych. These deputies, Poroshenko said, clearly do not represent the people who elected them, Poroshenko also painted these Rada deputies as responsible for the Dictatorship laws that took the lives of the Heavenly Hundred
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014
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423 of 450 seats to the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 226 seats needed for a majority
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014
36.
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012
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The Ukrainian parliamentary election of 2012 took place on 28 October 2012. Because of various reasons, including the impossibility of announcing election results various by-elections have taken place since, hence, several constituencies have been left unrepresented at various times. Unlike the two elections, this election used a mixed voting system with a 5% election threshold. The method of 50/50 mixed elections was used previously in 1998 and 2002, the election campaign was limited to 90 days. Every citizen of Ukraine 18 years of age or older was able to vote in 33,540 polling stations in Ukraine and 116 foreign polling stations in 77 countries, the Party of Regions won the largest number of seats while Fatherland came second. The election was noted for the rise of the far-right party Svoboda. The new party UDAR also enjoyed great success with its third place in the election. The Communist Party of Ukraine almost tripled its numbers of voters, because of this mixed system three small parties and 43 unaffiliated politicians also made it into parliament. The new parliament was appointed and started its tasks on 12 December 2012 – six weeks after the elections, the right of the President to dismiss the parliament was challenged in Ukraines Constitutional Court. The Presidents decree has since lapsed as it was never put into action, nevertheless, a snap election was predicted by Ukrainian politicians during the 2010 presidential election and after the dismissal of the second Tymoshenko Government. One of the arguments against holding early elections were the costs, early elections were estimated to cost approximately UAH₴417 million. On February 1,2011 the Verkhovna Rada set the date for October 28,2012. Several deputies whose votes were registered that day have stated they could not have taken part in voting because they were not in Kiev on February 1,2011, voting by MPs in the place of absent MPs of the Verkhovna Rada is prohibited by law. On July 27,2012 the Central Election Commission of Ukraine announced that campaigning for the elections would commence on July 30, in June,2011 the Venice Commission reviewed a proposed Draft Law on the election of Ukrainian parliamentary members. The option Vote against all was made defunct in the proposal. The opposition and Ukrainian analysts accused the Party of Regions of rewriting the law so that the president could secure a majority in the next Verkhovna Rada, in October 2011 the Venice Commission recommended Ukraine should not return to a mixed election system. Nevertheless, on 17 November 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law almost identical to the June 2011 proposed Draft Law. This new law satisfied the major opposition parties Batkivschyna and Front for Change, candidates could be elected on party lists or through self-nomination
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012
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All 450 seats to the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 226 seats needed for a majority
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2012
37.
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
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Early parliamentary elections in Ukraine took place on 30 September 2007. The 450 seats were divided among all parties that achieved a minimum 3% nationwide vote tally, the number of seats that are allocated to each party, above the 3% participation rate quota, is calculated using the Hamilton method of apportionment. Following the 2006 parliamentary elections, there was a power struggle between the President and the parliamentary majority, which resulted in the dissolution of parliament. The majority in the parliament, known as Coalition of National Unity, was formed by Party of Regions, Communist Party and it was opposed by Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine. Early in 2007, several members of the opposition indicated their support to the ruling coalition, on 2 April 2007, Yushchenko decreed the dissolution of the Verkhovna Rada. The election was scheduled to be held on 27 May 2007. The first polling places to open were at the Ukrainian embassies in Australia, Election districts were open from 7, 00AM until 10, 00PM local time. According to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine 63. 22% of registered voters cast ballots and this easily exceeded the 50% participation required by Ukrainian law to make the election valid. The Socialist Party of Ukraine secured only 2. 86% of the vote, there were 20 parties and blocs registered on the voting ballot. One more electoral bloc PORA-Reforms and Order was participating in election procedures but was subsequently removed by CVK as result of court decision. Number 17 assigned initially to this bloc was removed from the ballot paper, following the announcement of preliminary election results, the parties expressed their position on forming the coalition. The Party of Regions announced itself a winner of the election, the party did not express the desire to be in opposition. Tymoshenkos Bloc advocated a coalition with Our Ukraine and possibly Lytvyns Bloc, Yulia Tymoshenko was strongly against any coalition with the Party of Regions or the Communists. She stated that her Bloc would be in opposition should such a coalition be formed, President Yushchenko has expressed the need for a better relationship between coalition and opposition. This should be achieved by providing the opposition with posts in the parliament, Lytvyns Bloc received proposals from all top parties on forming a coalition. Leaders of the Bloc stated that their decision will be made at the partys assembly, oleksandr Moroz, the leader of the Socialist Party of Ukraine, acknowledged his defeat on 4 October 2007 and supported Tymoshenkos bid for premiership. Yulia Tymoshenko, following the formation of a coalition between the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine–Peoples Self-Defense Bloc was subsequently elected prime-minister on 18 December 2007 and her candidacy was supported by the vote of 226 deputies. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is competent on the condition that no less than two-thirds of its composition has been elected
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
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All 450 seats to the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 226 seats were needed for a majority
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
38.
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006
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The Ukrainian parliamentary election took place on 26 March 2006. Election campaigning officially began on 7 July 2005, between November 26 and 31 December 2005 party lists of candidates were formed. In the previous elections half of parliamentary representatives were elected on proportional basis. Those amendments were to enter into force on 1 January 2006, the new constitutional amendment also abolished single member-districts and replacing them with an increased multi-member proportional representation. According to the law and the system adopted, the political parties or election blocs need to collect at least 3% of the national vote in order to gain seats in parliament. According to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine 67. 13% of registered voters participated in the election, on April 10 the Central Election Commission announced the final results of vote counting, the results can be seen at the Commissions website. As a result of the election, out of 45 parties, as per preliminary results, the Ukrainian Communist Party was soundly trounced, getting less than 4% of the vote and 21 deputies as a result, as opposed to their 20% in the 2002 elections. The Peoples Opposition Bloc of Natalia Vitrenko did not pass the electoral threshold collecting only 2. 93% of total votes recorded,0. 07% short of the required 3% electoral threshold. According to the law the threshold is calculated based on the number of the voted ballots. If such votes were excluded from the total, then Vitrenko party would have received over 3% of the formal vote. Commenting the preliminary results the leader of the Opposition Bloc, Natalia Vitrenko expressed, Based on what grounds CVK shows the number of actual voters as 25,250 thousands. According to CVK data, 2% of votes are invalid, and 1. 8% are against all, the base for calculations should not be more than 24,500 thousand, and that is 3% out of the votes that CVK counted for out Bloc. Nonetheless, according to the Law on Election, Article 1, recent reports in the media have indicated that Ukraines President has also suggested that if necessary a partial recount of the 26 March ballot should be made. If significant mistakes were made in the tally of votes there is a chance for Opposition Block of Natalia Vitrenko to exceed the 3% threshold required by law, over 22% of voters who supported minor candidates will not be represented by the parties elected due to the electoral method used. A record number of forty five parties registered for the election, seats in the Verkhovna Rada are allocated among those parties securing the 3% quota according to the largest remainder method of seat allocation, using the Hare quota. The Communist Party of Ukraine, which has received less and less votes with each election, was expected to continue their decline in voter support. Whilst some parties have nominated over 400 candidates, it was unlikely that any single Party would elect over 200 members. In order to form a Government, under Ukraines constitution, parties will need to form a coalition with two or more voting blocks within the first month following the declaration of the polls, each 2 weeks Razumkov Centre held a representative national survey
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006
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All 450 seats to the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 226 seats were needed for a majority
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006
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Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006
39.
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
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Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2002. The Our Ukraine bloc emerged as the largest faction in the Verkhovna Rada, the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc complained of campaign related violations including an informal media blackout, negatively slanted coverage. Half of the deputies to Verkhovna Rada were elected on proportional basis, in order to gain any seats in Verkhovna Rada a party needed to receive at least 4% of the popular vote. On March 29,2002 the Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko won a case on defamation against the Chairman of the Tax Administration of Ukraine Mykola Azarov, the Shevchenkivsky District Court of the Kiev city prohibited the Tax Administration of Ukraine to spread lies against the opposition electoral bloc. Late at night on March 29,2002 was mortally wounded a vice-governor of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Mykola Shkriblyak, Shkriblyak was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine and he ran for the Supreme Council at the 90th electoral district. He died later in a local hospital, the final election results differed greatly from the final opinion poll. The 2002 parliamentary elections were the first that substantially reduced fragmentation of the Verkhovna Rada, yushchenkos Our Ukraine gathered most of its support from western and central regions of Ukraine, including the city of Kiev. The Communist Party received most of its votes from eastern and southern regions, for United Ukraine block, which included Victor Yanukovychs Party of Regions, got most of its votes from eastern regions of Ukraine. Donetsk Oblast was the stronghold of the block, where it received more than twice the number of votes compared to the next highest supporting region, Yulia Tymoshenkos blocks support came predominantly from western regions, while the Socialists were most supported in the central regions. 05%. After the election, several MPs left their parties to join another others, by October 2002 the For United Ukraine faction had broken down in 8 new parliamentary factions. Central Election Commission of Ukraine Relatively in-depth analysis of the election GlobalSecurity. org
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
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All 450 seats to the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 226 seats were needed for a majority
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
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Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
40.
Ukrainian local elections, 2015
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On 25 October 2015 local elections took place in Ukraine. The elections were conducted a little over a year since the 2014 snap local elections, a second round of voting for the election of mayors in cities with more than 90,000 residents where no candidate gained more than 50% of the votes were held on 15 November 2015. Because of the conflict in East Ukraine and the February 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia. The highest number of seats were won by the Petro Poroshenko Bloc Solidarity, Fatherland and Our Land parties, followed by the Opposition Bloc, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc did well in the western regions, central Ukraine, and the Kherson Oblast of the south. The Opposition Bloc gained most of the votes of the south, in the west, Svoboda improved its performance compared with previous years parliamentary election. A total of 132 political parties took part in the elections, the political parties contested for the 1,600 regional council seats in 22 regional parliaments, more than 10,700 local councils and mayoral seats. The voter turnout was 46. 62% of the population, during the second round, the voter turnout dropped to 34. 08%. The Central Election Commission of Ukraine asked the government to allocate 1.2 billion hryvnias towards financing the election The campaign for the elections started on 5 September 2015, but since the start of the summer political advertising had begun to increase rapidly. This was marred with a rise of handouts by potential candidates. Local issues were ignorined by parties, who focused on national issues, according to Depo. ua and the Committee of Voters of Ukraine political parties spend at least $82 million on campaigning. They claim that during the last two months of the political parties rented 75 percent of Ukraines 20,000 billboards. A candidate did not have to live in a constituency where she/he was electable, because of the March 2014 unilateral annexation of Crimea by Russia, the elections could not be held in Crimea. Under Russian jurisdiction local elections took place in Crimea on 14 September 2014, the War in Donbass left large parts of south-east Ukraine not under Ukrainian control. On 2 July 2015, Donetsk Peoples Republic leader Aleksandr Zakharchenko ordered local DPR elections to be held on 18 October 2015 in accordance with the Minsk II agreements, according to Zakharchenko this move meant that the DNR had independently start to implement the Minsk agreements. On 6 July 2015, the Luhansk Peoples Republic leader Igor Plotnitsky set elections for mayors, on 6 October 2015, the DNR and LPR leadership postponed their planned elections to 21 February 2016. At the meeting President of France François Hollande stated that in order to hold these elections it was necessary since we need three months to organize elections to held elections in 2016. On 25 October 2015, the elections were not be held in certain government-held towns close to the frontline because there voting may be dangerous to peoples lives and these towns include Avdiivka, Marinka, Artemivsk and Kostiantynivka. While in other towns near the frontline, like Mariupol, the elections were decided to be held, parties registered 365 days before the election and who did not changed their name 180 days before the election were allowed to participate in the elections
Ukrainian local elections, 2015
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Number of deputies in regional councils elected at 25 October 2015
41.
Kiev local election, 2014
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Local elections in Kiev for the post of Mayor and members of Kiev City Council took place on 25 May 2014 as part of the 2014 Ukrainian local elections. Vitali Klitschko won the election with almost 57% of the votes. The next Kiev local elections were held in October 2015, secretary of the Kiev City Council Halyna Hereha has been acting mayor since Leonid Chernovetsky resigned as the Mayor of Kiev on 1 June 2012. Hereha asked the Verkhovna Rada to issue an instruction on holding an early election on 19 July 2012. The Constitutional Court started considering this case on 11 April 2013, on 29 May 2013 the Constitutional Court set the date of the election as 25 October 2015. As of 7 March 2013 possible candidates for the post of the Mayor of Kiev were Vitali Klitschko, Andriy Illyenko, Petro Poroshenko, oleksandr Popov of Party of Regions and former Head of Kiev City Administration stated in February 2013 that he was a candidate. On 14 December 2013 President Viktor Yanukovych suspended him as Head of the Kiev City State Administration, the same day the General Prosecutor of Ukraines Office handed a notification on suspicion of abuse of power when ordering the Euromaidan police actions of 30 November 2013 to Popov. On 25 April 2014 the Party of Regions announced that they would not put forward a candidate for the elections, the Verkhovna Rada set a date for the elections on 25 February 2014, just after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. However, it was decided that date should be 25 May 2014. 35 parties took part in these elections and those seats were won in 60 majority constituencies and another 60 on party lists. Several parties, among them Party of Regions, disappeared from the local parliament, mayoral candidates were able to nominate themselves from 23 April 2014 until 30 April 2014. 19 candidates competed for the post, also potential candidates were Yuriy Levchenko, Ihor Lutsenko, and Volodymyr Makeyenko. Lesya Orobets and Ivan Saliy were withdrawn from the race on 13 May, but later they were restored as candidates on 16 May. 3% for Popov, and 7% for Poroshenko. This poll also showed that if Klitschko and Popov would proceeded to a second round 60. 4% would cast their ballots for Klitschko and 26. 5% for Popov. A June 2013 poll by GfK Ukraine gave Klitschko 32. 7%, Popov 15. 9%, legal status and local government of Kiev
Kiev local election, 2014
Kiev local election, 2014
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All 120 seats to the
Kiev City Council and
Mayor of Kiev
Kiev local election, 2014
42.
Ukraine local elections, 2010
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The 2010 Ukrainian local elections took place on 31 October 2010, two years before the 2012 general election. The voter turnout across Ukraine was about 50%, which is considered low in comparison to previous elections, the ruling Party of Regions won clear majorities in most regions and big cities throughout Ukraine, leaving Batkivshchyna far behind. The Ukrainian nationalistic party Svoboda achieved notable success in Eastern Galicia while Our Ukraine, the results were contested by opposition politicians and the Communist Party. On February 16,2010 the Verkhovna Rada cancelled all Ukrainian local election dates original set for May 30,2010, a new date was not set but Members of Parliament expected new local elections in the spring of 2011. On April 2,2010 the Verkhovna Rada set early elections in a number of cities, towns. Late April 2010 President Viktor Yanukovych expected local elections in Ukraine to take place in 2011, late May 2010 Yanukovych stated that local elections should be held next autumn. Yanukovych also called for elections to be based on the majority representation system. On July 1,2010 the Verkhovna Rada scheduled the election for Sunday, on July 11 lawmakers approved the bill on the procedure for holding the elections. A total of 259 out of 485 MPs registered voted to pass the bill, before voting the Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko faction walked out of parliament in protest against consideration the bill without taking into account the factions proposals. The party is planning to challenge the law on local elections under a system at the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. This was done by the Front of Changes party on August 5,2010, besides Front of Changes and Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Tigipkos Strong Ukraine party also stated the law violates the Constitution. Parties that have been established less than a year before the election and this meant that parties like Strong Ukraine and Front of Changes who are high in election polls were excluded. Soon Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko announced it would not participate in the elections but its main component, similar bills submitted by lawmakers Lev Biriuk and Arseniy Yatsenyuk had failed to collect the necessary number of votes to pass. Self-nomination for the post of mayor was not allowed, half of the total number of local council deputies were to be elected from the lists of political parties in a multi-mandate constituency. The other half was elected under a majority system in single-mandate constituencies, the elections were held with closed lists. The election campaign started on September 11,2010, running up to the election a number of opposition parties complained about violations of election legislation by election commissions across the country. A number of territorial election commissions contained members who although expelled by their party were appointed under the quota of the party they were expelled from. Owing to the anomalies in the law some parties, such as Batkivshchyna, were unable to register their candidates in several districts
Ukraine local elections, 2010
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Ukrainian local elections, 2010
43.
Ternopil Oblast local election, 2009
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Following a lawsuit filed by Svoboda the Ternopil oblast court acknowledged this decision illegal on March 11,2009. The next day BYuT lodged an appeal in the Lviv Administrative Appeal Court against this decision, according to Yuschenko the Constitution reads that Parliament can appoint elections or early elections into the local authorities, but cannot cancel them. The elections were held on 15 March 2009, the Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko called the election the presentation of cynical election fraud by Baloha as an expression of the will of the regions citizens. Some villages reported cases Party of Regions representatives offering 50 hryvnia per vote, on March 24, the Ternopil district administrative court rejected a lawsuit from the Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko challenging the results of the elections. Four days later the Kyiv district administrative court banned the publication of the result of the elections. The Lviv administrative court of appeals instructed the Ternopil district administrative court to consider the essence of the lawsuit, on May 11,2009 BYuT members gave up their twelve seats in Ternopil regional council. As a result, the number of deputies in the regional Ternopil council became 208, the overall number of mandates in the council still constitutes 120, and all the decisions taken by the majority of the council still has to be passed by no less than 61 votes. On June 16,2009 the Constitutional Court of Ukraine deemed the parliamentary resolution on canceling early election to Ternopil Regional Council unconstitutional and this case was initiated by President Viktor Yuschenko. The election have been conducted after the electoral system. In an order to conduct the representatives in the Ternopil regional council, according to political annalist the scores of United Centre and Party of Regions could be caused by mass fraud. The turnout in Ternopil was only 25%, the elections to Ternopil city council took place in fall of 2010
Ternopil Oblast local election, 2009
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All 120 seats to the
Ternopil Oblast Council
Ternopil Oblast local election, 2009
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Ternopil Oblast local election, 2009
Ternopil Oblast local election, 2009
44.
Kiev local election, 2008
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Early mayoral and city council elections (Ukrainian, Дотермінові вибори до київської міської ради were contested in the Ukrainian capital Kiev on May 25,2008. The snap election was called by the Ukrainian parliament, the Verkhovna Rada by a 246-5 vote on March 18 amid corruption allegations involving the incumbent Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi, the local election determined the new Mayor of Kiev, as well as the composition of the 120-seat Kiev City Council. The Ukrainian parliament assigned the job of determining the costs to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine. The Kiev CEC designated March 26 as the date for the start of election campaigning, in all, seven parties and blocs passed the 3% threshold needed to gain seats in the Kiev City Council. The incumbent Leonid Chernovetskyi was officially declared the winner of the election on May 30. Yuriy Lozovskyi, Secretary of the Kiev CEC, said that the turnout was estimated at 53-54%. The electoral commission said that the elections were largely clear and fair without any major incidents, on December 12,2008 Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko announced at a news briefing that she is confident that early mayoral elections will be held again in Kiev. In all, seventy-nine candidates were registered by the Kiev Territorial Electoral Commission for the mayoral election. Candidates from some of the political parties included, the incumbent Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi. These included both national and local political parties, severe changes have occurred in the Kiev Kiev City Council since 2008. As of September 2011 seven additional factions had been created, the faction of the winner of the election, the Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc, disbanded itself on September 22,2011. This made the faction of UDAR of Vitaliy Klychko the biggest faction with 12 seats followed by the Party of Regions with 10 seats, Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko saw 22 deputies leaving the faction since the election. In January 2013 the UDAR faction was 13 persons strong while the Party of Regions faction had fallen down to 8 people and this made the Peoples Party faction with 11 deputies the second biggest faction. The faction Democratic Party of Ukraine contained 10 deputies, Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko had lost 1 more deputy and stood at 9. Just as much as the factions Social Justice and Initiative and these last two and the faction Democratic Party of Ukraine where created in 2011. In June 2013 the Peoples Party faction contained 4 people, the other factions membership had stayed stable. The next person in the party list is appointed a city council deputy when their colleagues give up there seat, on December 12,2008 Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko announced at a news briefing that she was confident that early mayoral elections would be held again in Kiev. Early January 2010 Parliament Speaker Volodymyr Lytvyn stated he started preparing a law to conduct an early mayoral election in Kiev on May 30,2010 as well as a local council election
Kiev local election, 2008
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All 120 seats to the
Kiev City Council
Kiev local election, 2008
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Kiev legislative election, 2008
Kiev local election, 2008
Kiev local election, 2008
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The
Kiev City Council building on the
Khreschatyk, the main street of
Kiev.
45.
Referendums in Ukraine
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Referendums in Ukraine, according to the Ukrainian Constitution, are one of the lawful forms of expression of peoples will. Referendums are organized by population initiative of no less than 3 million voters, the referendums are designated by either the Parliament or the President. Any change to the territory of Ukraine can be resolved solely by a national referendum, on December 1,1991, a referendum, initiated by parliament of Ukraine, took place. On August 26,1991, the parliament adopted the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, of registered voters,84. 18% participated in the referendum, and 90. 32% of them answered Yes. On April 16,2000, an All-Ukrainian referendum took place, the Committee officially informed the President of Ukraine of their decision. Its expected that the President or the Parliament should schedule the referendums, no financing was reserved for the organization of referendums in 2007 State Budget of Ukraine. The signature collection in the call for the referendum was organized by the United Social Democratic Party of Ukraine, a Gallup poll conducted in October 2008 showed that 43% of Ukrainians associated NATO as a threat to their country, while only 15% associated it with protection. A2009 Gallup poll showed that 40% of Ukrainian adults associate NATO with Threat, according to a poll by Razumkov Center in March 201120. 6% on average across Ukraine considered NATO a threat, this number was 51% in Crimea. A2013 Gallup poll showed that 29% associated NATO with Threat and 17% with Protection, in February 2014 President Yanukovych fled Ukraine amid the Euromaidan uprising. As a result of revolution, the interim Yatsenyuk Government came to power in Ukraine. The Yatsenyuk Government initially stated it did not have the intention of making Ukraine a member of NATO, following parliamentary elections in October 2014, the new government made joining NATO a priority. On 29 December 2014 Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko vowed to hold a referendum on joining NATO, NATO officials vowed support for Ukraine and worked to downplay tensions between the bloc and Russia, which refused to recognize the impeachment of Yanukovych or the Yatsenyuk Government. In late February 2014, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Secretary General of NATO, western Ukraine has always been significantly more pro-NATO than the rest of the country, Eastern Ukraine is far more anti-NATO and pro-Russia than the rest of Ukraine. On 29 August 2015 Baturyn Andrii posted an electronic petition №22/000052 to the president of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko requesting to run a referendum to join NATO, petition achieved required 25000 of votes to be considered. President reply mentions that One of the priorities of Ukraines foreign policy is to deepen cooperation with NATO to achieve the criteria required for membership in this organization. Today we carry out security sector reform in Ukraine to reach NATO standards and to strengthen the defense system. Once Ukraine fulfills all the criteria to join the Alliance. In Feb 2017 President Poroshenko announced a referendum to be held during his presidency, elections in Ukraine Constitution of Ukraine
Referendums in Ukraine
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Ukraine
46.
Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991
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A referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence was held in Ukraine on 1 December 1991. An overwhelming majority of 92. 3% of voters approved the declaration of independence made by the Verkhovna Rada on 24 August 1991, voters were asked Do you support the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. The text of the Declaration was included as a preamble to the question, the referendum was called by the Parliament of Ukraine to confirm the Act of Independence, which was adopted by the Parliament on 24 August 1991. Citizens of Ukraine expressed overwhelming support for independence, in the referendum,31,891,742 registered voters took part, and among them 28,804,071 voted Yes. On the same day, an election took place. All six candidates campaigned in favour of a Yes vote in the independence referendum, Leonid Kravchuk, the parliament chairman and de facto head of state, was elected to serve as the first President of Ukraine. From 2 December 1991 on Ukraine was globally recognized as an independent state and that day the President of the Russian SFSR Boris Yeltsin did the same. Ukraine was the second-most powerful republic in the Soviet Union both economically and politically, and its secession ended any chance of Gorbachev keeping the Soviet Union together. By December 1991 all former Soviet Republics except the RSFSR and the Kazakh SSR had formally seceded from the Union. A week after his election, Kravchuk joined with Yeltsin and Belarusian leader Stanislau Shushkevich in signing the Belavezha Accords, the Soviet Union officially dissolved on December 26. Ukrainian media had converted en masse to the independence ideal, polls showed 63% support for the Yes campaign in September 1991, that grew to 77% in the first week of October 1991 and 88% by mid-November 1991. 55% of the ethnic Russians in Ukraine voted for independence, the Act of Independence was supported by a majority of voters in each of the 27 administrative regions of Ukraine,24 Oblasts,1 Autonomous Republic, and 2 Special Municipalities. Voter turnout was lowest in Eastern and Southern Ukraine, dissolution of the Soviet Union Law of Ukraine N 1660-XII on organization of referendum. Law of Ukraine N 1661-XII on text for referendum, the funeral of the empire, Leonid Kravchuk, Zerkalo Nedeli, August 23 – September 1,2001. Available online in Russian and in Ukrainian, confide in people, Dr. Stanislav Kulchytsky, Zerkalo Nedeli, December 1–7,2001. Available online in Russian and in Ukrainian
Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991
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The
ballot paper used in the referendum, with the text of the
Declaration of Independence printed on it.
Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991
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Results by region
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