1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
TBS (U.S. TV channel)
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Turner Broadcasting System is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner, which shares its name with the channel. TBS carries a variety of programming, with a focus on comedy, along with sports events, including Major League Baseball. In its current form, TBS was originally established on December 17,1976 as a feed of Turners local, independent broadcast television station in Atlanta. The channel broadcast a variety of programming during this era, including films, syndicated series, Atlanta Braves baseball, wTBSs local programming was nearly identical to the national feed, aside from FCC-mandated public affairs and educational programming that only aired on the local signal. By the early 2000s, TBS had begun to more intensively on comedic programming, including sitcoms. As of February 2015, TBS is available to approximately 96.5 million pay television households in the United States, TBS is available on cable and satellite providers throughout the entire United States. The national TBS feed became available to cable and satellite subscribers within channel 17s viewing area as a result, TBSs programming was previously made available to cable and satellite subscribers in Canada through the WTBS Atlanta feed. As a result, following the separation of TBS and WTBS/WPCH in 2007, Canadian cable and satellite subscribers received access to WPCH/Atlanta, instead of TBS. Most of TBSs flagship programming, such as Major League Baseball and original series, are not broadcast on WPCH-TV, TBS originated as a broadcast television station in Atlanta, Georgia that operated on UHF channel 17, and maintained a general entertainment format as an independent station. Early programming included movies from the 1930s and 1940s, sitcoms, the station also carried sports, such as Atlanta Braves baseball, Atlanta Hawks basketball, Atlanta Flames hockey, and Georgia Championship Wrestling. WTCG also bid very low on programming, leaving the stations in the market – WSB-TV, WAGA-TV. By the mid-1970s, The Andy Griffith Show, The Flintstones, Leave It to Beaver, The Little Rascals, My Three Sons, Star Trek, The Three Stooges, cable providers in these areas carried stations from neighboring markets, and if possible, an independent station. Ted Turner decided to distribute his station through satellite, enabling WTCG to be received nationwide, the first broadcast was the 1948 Dana Andrews-Cesar Romero film Deep Waters, which had been in progress for 30 minutes on channel 17 in Atlanta. Instantly, WTCG went from being an independent television station that was available only in Georgia. WTCG became a superstation and set a precedent for todays basic cable television. By 1978, WTCG was carried on cable providers in all 50 states, TBS became only the second U. S. Ted Turners innovation signaled the start of the basic cable revolution. WTCG changed its callsign to WTBS on August 27,1979, the new call letters were acquired via a monetary donation to the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys student radio station for the construction of a new transmitter. In the late 1970s, WTBS continued to acquire second-hand programming such as made-for-TV Popeye cartoons, The Brady Bunch, The Munsters, and other programs
3.
4 Little Girls
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It was directed by Spike Lee and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary. The events inspired the 1964 song Birmingham Sunday by Richard and Mimi Fariña, the song was used in the opening sequence of the film, as sung by Mimis sister, Joan Baez. 4 Little Girls premiered Wednesday, June 25,1997 at the Guild 50th Street Theatre in New York City and it was produced by 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks, Lees production company, and Home Box Office. Lee started Times Magazine article about the incident, he was moved to write to Chris McNair, McNair turned down the young, aspiring filmmakers offer. I was entering my first semester at N. Y. U, so my skills as a filmmaker were nonexistent, and at that time, Chris McNair was still hesitant to talk about it, Lee said in a 1997 interview with Industry Centrals The Directors Chair. So it took ten years of Chris thinking about this and ten years of making movies for this to come together. According to McNair, he changed his mind about supporting Lees film idea due to learning about the depth, McNair said, ts very important that this be done accurately and correctly. In all his research, he showed that he was objective, im a stickler for the facts. Lee had first intended to create a reproduction of the incident. Once he secured funding, Lee went to Birmingham with a small film crew. He wanted to have the families be as comfortable as possible, ellen Kuras was the Director of Photography and Sam Pollard the producer/editor. Kuras said of her desire to shoot 4 Little Girls, I was really interested because my background is in political documentaries. I always felt that one of the reasons that I had got into filmmaking was that I wanted to use my craft to be able to say something about the condition, however I could. For me this was an opportunity to make a small contribution, Lees partnership with Sam Pollard began on Mo Better Blues. Pollard was recommended to Spike as a replacement for his longtime collaborator Barry Brown, busy working on his segments of Eyes on the Prize, Pollard originally refused Lees overture, but then agreed to work with him. He has since become one of Lees most prolific collaborators and their first few films working together were fiction, but Pollards background was in documentary. He was key to guiding the structure of 4 Little Girls, basically it was to help with the conception of the structure, to edit it. We spent a lot of time screening dailies together and we could come to 40 Acres at 7a. m. and we would spend three hours a day screening dailies for two weeks straight
4.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
5.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
6.
Discovery Channel
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Discovery Channel is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is the flagship television property of Discovery Communications, a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav. S. Flagship channel and its various owned or licensed television channels internationally, programming on the flagship Discovery Channel in the U. S. A popular annual feature on the channel is Shark Week, which airs on Discovery during the summer months, as of February 2015, Discovery Channel is available to approximately 96,589,000 pay television households in the United States. John Hendricks founded the channel and its parent company, Cable Educational Network Inc. in 1982, several investors raised $5 million in start-up capital to launch the network. The Discovery Channel began broadcasting on June 17,1985 and it was initially available to 156,000 households and broadcast for 12 hours each day between 3 p. m. and 3 a. m. About 75 percent of its content had never been broadcast on U. S. television before. In its early years, the focus centered on educational programming in the form of cultural and wildlife documentaries. It also broadcast some Soviet programming during this time, including the news program Vremya, in 1988, the channel premiered the nightly program World Monitor. By 1990, the channel was available in over 50 million households, the drop in viewership was widely attributed to an over-reliance on a few hit series, such as Monster Garage and American Chopper. Some critics said such shows strayed from Discoverys intention of providing more educationally based shows aimed at helping viewers learn about the world around them, in 2005, Discovery changed its programming focus to include more popular science and historical themes. The networks ratings eventually recovered in 2006, the network was nominated for seven Primetime Emmy Awards that year for shows including The Flight that Fought Back and Deadliest Catch. In 2007, Discovery Channels top series included the Emmy Award- and Peabody Award-winning Planet Earth, Dirty Jobs, MythBusters, Discovery Channels 2008 lineup included Fight Quest and Smash Lab. On September 1,2010, 43-year-old James Jay Lee entered the Discovery Communications headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland, Lee fired at least one shot and held several employees hostage, he was later shot dead by police. Lee had published criticisms of the network at Savetheplanetprotest. com, in December 2015, Discovery Communications launched its TV Everywhere service, Discovery Go, which features live and video-on-demand content from Discovery Channel and eight of its sister networks. Popular programs on the channel have included the Shark Week programming event, Deadliest Catch, MythBusters, How Its Made, Dirty Jobs, Cash Cab, Christopher Lowell won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2000 for The Christopher Lowell Show. After the 2007 victory with the Spaniard Alberto Contador, Discovery Channel discontinued the cycling sponsorship, Discovery Channel Radio was a radio network, whose programming consisted of audio versions of popular programs from the Discovery Communications family of television channels. Discovery Channel Radio was previously carried by XM Satellite Radio, until its removal from the provider in early September 2005, sirius Satellite Radio dropped Discovery Radio from its lineup on February 21,2007, it was also carried on both of Canadas major satellite radio services. Discovery Channel lent its brand to stores in malls and other locations across America
7.
A&E (TV channel)
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The channel originally focused programming on biographies, documentaries, and drama series but has later expanded to include reality television programming. As of July 2015, the A&E network is available to approximately 95,968,000 pay television households in the United States, the U. S. version of the channel is shown in Canada while international versions exist for Australia, Latin America, and Europe. A&E launched on February 1,1984, initially available to 9.3 million cable television homes in the U. S. the network is a result of the 1984 merger of Hearst/ABCs Alpha Repertory Television Service and RCA-owned The Entertainment Channel. When A&E debuted, the took over the satellite transponder timeslot that ARTS occupied from its launch in 1981. Childrens television channel Nickelodeon signed off just before 9 p. m. Eastern Time, and A&E took over at 9 p. m. with a programming block. However, some cable providers continued to carry Nickelodeon and A&E on the same channel and it was not until the early 1990s that these companies found separate channels for both networks. A&E was envisioned as a counterpart to PBS, and in its early days focused on such PBS-style programming as the Leonard Bernstein Fidelio. By 1990, A&Es original programming accounted for 35 to 40 percent of the program content. The comedy series An Evening at the Improv built a young audience in the late 80s. Also, Comedy On the Road won a CableACE Award, both series were produced by Larry ODaly, A&Es signature show was Biography, a one-hour documentary series that A&E revived in 1987. In 1994, airings of Biography went from weekly broadcasts to airing five nights a week, the nightly series became A&Es top-rated show and one of cable televisions most notable successes. Biography received Primetime Emmy Awards in 1999 and 2002, in its first decade, A&E had limited advertising, with fewer commercials at the time, mostly for A&E programs and its magazine. Beginning in the mid-90s, advertising was increased substantially on the channel, in May 1995, the channels name officially changed to the A&E Network, to reflect its declining focus on arts and entertainment. By 1996, the network had branded itself as simply A&E, even the arts patron often finds arts on TV not as satisfying as it should be. And the word entertainment is too vague, therefore, much like ESPN uses its letters rather than what they stand for – Entertainment Sports Network – we decided to go to just A&E. The network created two original weekly series, Sidney Lumets 100 Centre Street and Nero Wolfe, both of which lasted from 2001 to 2002. In May 2003, A&E launched a campaign with the networks new tagline. In addition, A&E had garnered favorable notice for true-crime documentary series such as Cold Case Files, American Justice, City Confidential, Investigative Reports, the network also cut back on its broadcasts of Biography from originally twice daily to weekend mornings only
8.
52nd Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 52nd Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, September 10,2000. The ceremony was hosted by Garry Shandling and was broadcast on ABC, two networks, Bravo and The WB, received their first major nominations. This remains the year in which a show from The WB or its descendants received a major nomination. For its second season, Will & Grace led all comedy series with three wins, including Outstanding Comedy Series. Ally McBeal became the first defending champion, that wasnt cancelled or ended, the drama field was dominated by first year series The West Wing. In addition to winning Outstanding Drama Series, the series won five awards total
9.
Walking with Dinosaurs
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Walking with Dinosaurs is a six-part documentary television miniseries created by Tim Haines and produced by BBC Natural History Unit. The series first aired on the BBC in the United Kingdom in 1999 with narration by Kenneth Branagh, the series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel in 2000, with Avery Brooks replacing Branagh. The first entry in the Walking with, series, the program explores ancient life of the Mesozoic Era, portraying dinosaurs and their contemporaries in the style of a traditional nature documentary. The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever produced, the series received critical acclaim, winning two BAFTA Awards, three Emmy Awards and a Peabody Award in 2000. A feature film of the name, inspired by the series, was released in 2013. A re-edited version of Walking with Dinosaurs aired on Discovery Kids for the first season of Prehistoric Planet and it was made more appropriate for children by removing most of the graphic content and trimming down some footage to fit the run time. Creator Tim Haines contemplated the idea of a documentary in 1996. Together, with producer Jasper James and effects specialist Mike Milne, Haines shot a pilot in Cyprus as a proof-of-concept to BBC Worldwide. Filming consisted of wide landscape shots devoid of any live-action creatures, ILM projected a cost of $10,000 per every second of footage featuring a CGI shot, an estimate which BBC deemed too expensive for a television budget. Instead, Haines contracted Framestore, a local British visual effects company to create the CGI elements, Framestore consulted several paleontologists in assisting them with developing natural movements and appearances for the dinosaurs. The CG work was created over the course of two years, in the first episode of Walking with Dinosaurs, Postosuchus urinates copiously. However, Benton notes that nobody can prove this was a mistake, copious urination is the primitive state for tetrapods. He believes many other claims of errors identified in the first weeks fizzled out, as the critics had found points about which they disagreed, ornitholestes, a theropod dinosaur of the Late Jurassic, is shown with a small crest atop its head. However, subsequent studies have concluded that it most likely did not have such a crest, Tropeognathus is depicted as far larger than it actually was. However, these specimens have not been formally described, the largest definite Tropeognathus specimens known measure 6 metres in wingspan. The specimens which the producers of the used to justify such a large size estimate are currently undescribed. Unwin stated that he does not believe this highest estimate is likely, however, no other Early Cretaceous pterosaurs reached its size. Similarly, Liopleurodon is depicted as being 25m long in the series, Ben Bartlett composed the score for Walking with Dinosaurs
10.
53rd Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 53rd Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, November 4,2001, seven weeks late. The ceremony was re-scheduled twice from its date of September 16 at the Shrine Auditorium because of the September 11,2001 attacks that occurred five days prior to the event. It was also removed from its date of October 7 again at the same venue as a result of the start of the War in Afghanistan. The event was relocated to the Shubert Theater. The Shubert had previously hosted the 1973 and 1976 ceremonies and was slated for demolition in 2002, the ceremony was hosted by Ellen DeGeneres and was broadcast on CBS. Barbra Streisand sang Youll Never Walk Alone in an appearance at the close. Sex and the City became the first premium channel to win Outstanding Comedy Series, the NBC cult hit Freaks and Geeks accomplished a rare feat, though it only ran for one season, it was nominated two different years for writing. The episode Bowling made Malcolm in the Middle just the second show, the Defenders was the first show to do this in 1963 and 1965. Meanwhile, Frasier, now in its season, would earn its final Outstanding Comedy Series nomination after eight consecutive nominations including 5 consecutive wins. In the drama field, The West Wing won Outstanding Drama Series for its second straight year, the Sopranos led all shows with 15 major nominations, and was second to The West Wing with three major wins. Mike Nicholss win made him the person to become an EGOT. com list of 2001 Nominees & Winners 2001 Emmy Awards at the Internet Movie Database
11.
The Ballad of Big Al
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The Ballad of Big Al is a combination biography-sequel for Walking with Dinosaurs. It focuses on an Allosaurus named Big Al and his constant struggle to survive in a filled with danger. The special begins at the University of Wyoming, showing the bones of a sauropod followed by an Allosaurus named Big Al. After the ghost of Big Al wanders the museum passing by his own skeleton and a nest of fossilized eggs, Al and his siblings hatch and are helped out of the nest by their mother. She brings them to a bank and the hatchlings start to hunt for insects. When the mother leaves the hatchlings temporarily, a year-old Allosaurus comes out of hiding, Al is then shown at the age of two years. He tries to hunt a flock of Dryosaurus and he has not yet learned how to ambush so he fails to kill one of the swifter, smaller dinosaurs. Later, he snatches a lizard from a branch to keep him satisfied, Al comes across a dead Stegosaurus and an Allosaurus waiting for death in a pit of sticky mud. Meanwhile, a female Allosaurus, attracted to the Stegosaurus carcass and she struggles to free herself, but fails. Al luckily avoids the fate as he had learnt to avoid carrion. Unable to escape, the trapped Allosaurus pair die of exhaustion, three years pass, and a herd of Diplodocus are migrating across the prehistoric salt lake. Al is joined by several other Allosaurus and they attempt to bring a member of the herd down. Once the herd leaves the sick Diplodocus, the Allosaurs gather, Al is struck down by the neck of the Diplodocus. The pack wait for a few hours until the Diplodocus is brought down by heat exhaustion, though they feed, within the hour an adult female Allosaurus scavenges the kill. Al takes some remnants of the carcass for himself and leaves, a year passes by, and Al is shown drinking at a pond. His presence however makes other dinosaurs around the pond nervous and the smell of blood he brings with him puts off a pair of Stegosaurus that were attempting to mate, away from the pond, he discovers the scent of a nearby female Allosaurus and issues a mating call. She is not interested, but Als inexperience shows, causing him to get too close, Al is lucky enough to escape from the ensuing fight with his life, although he sustains a torn right arm, ripped right claw and smashed ribs. Later the dry season comes, and Al is attempting to hunt a flock of Dryosaurus, whilst ambushing them however, a log falls in his path which he trips over and ends up breaking something in his right foot
12.
PBS
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid-2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations, each station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule. Unlike its radio counterpart, National Public Radio, PBS does not have a program production arm or news division
13.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
14.
TLC (TV network)
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TLC is an American basic cable and satellite television network that is owned by Discovery Communications. Initially focused on educational and learning content, by the late 1990s, the network began to focus towards reality series involving lifestyles, family life. As of February 2015, approximately 95 million American households receive TLC, ACSN was privatized in 1980, and its name was changed to The Learning Channel in November of that year, the name was subsequently shortened to TLC. The channel mostly featured documentary content pertaining to nature, science, history, current events, medicine, technology, cooking, home improvement, and other information-based topics. These are often agreed to have been more focused, more technical, the channel was geared toward an inquisitive and narrow audience during this time, and had modest ratings except for the boating safety series Captains Log with Captain Mark Gray. Captains Log aired on TLC from 1987 to 1990 and it achieved between a 4.5 to 6 share in the ratings and was the highest compensated series in the history of TLC with over 30 times the compensation of any other TLC series. Mark Graves AKA Captain Mark Gray was also allowed to sign yearly rather than quarterly contracts and he decided to not seek another contract renewal when Discovery acquired TLC in 1990 and moved its operations from Virginia to Denver, Colorado. By the early 1990s, The Learning Channel was a channel to the Financial News Network. After FNN went into bankruptcy in 1991, the Discovery Channels owners went into discussions to purchase The Learning Channel, an agreement was made with FNN and Infotech to buy their shares for $12.75 million. The non-profit Appalachian Community Service Network owned 35 percent of the network and this was to be indicative of a major change in programming content and target audience over the next few years. Perhaps due to poor ratings from a target audience, TLC began to explore new avenues starting in the late 1990s. The block was dropped completely in late 2008, and Cable in the Classroom programming, in 1998, the channel began to distance itself from its original name The Learning Channel, and instead began to advertise itself only as TLC. During this period, there was a shift in content, with most new programming being geared towards reality-drama. The huge success of shows like Trading Spaces, Junkyard Wars, A Wedding Story and this came at a time when Discovery itself was overhauling much of its own programming, introducing shows like American Chopper. Much of the old, more educationally focused programming can still be occasionally dispersed amongst other channels owned by Discovery Communications. As part of the new campaign, the original name, The Learning Channel. The new theme played on life lessons, which featured heavily in the networks advertising. This campaign used humor to appeal to an audience in their 30s
15.
54th Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 54th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, September 22,2002. Nominations were announced July 22,2002, the ceremony was hosted by Conan OBrien and was broadcast on NBC. Two networks, FX, and VH1 received their first major nominations this year, the program America, A Tribute to Heroes was simulcast on every major network, and therefore, is not designated with one below. After four nominations during its first seven seasons, Friends won the Outstanding Comedy Series—as of 2015, everybody Loves Raymond led all comedies with nine major nominations and three major wins. Meanwhile, after eight nominations, Frasier was excluded from the Outstanding Comedy Series nomination for the first time. It would not be nominated for its two seasons either. For the third year, the drama field was dispatched by The West Wing. This tied the set by Hill Street Blues in 1982. The West Wing led all shows in major nominations and wins with sixteen and four
16.
When Dinosaurs Roamed America
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When Dinosaurs Roamed America is a two-hour American television program that first aired on Discovery Channel in 2001. It was directed by Pierre de Lespinois and narrated by actor John Goodman, the featured dinosaurs were designed by Paleo-artist and art director Mark Dubeau, noted for creating dinosaurs for many other Discovery Channel and National Geographic specials. The dinosaur animation was accomplished by animator Don Waller at Meteor Studios, in Montreal, the music was composed by Christopher Franke. When Dinosaurs Roamed America premiered to 5 million viewers, Coelophysis Rutiodon Desmatosuchus Icarosaurus Traversodon Mammal Locust The program starts in the Late Triassic, near modern-day New York City in the Newark Supergroup. The narrator explains how the Permian mass extinction led to new forms of life, including, eventually, the most extraordinary creatures ever to walk the planet, the camera tracks a Coelophysis through the woods. The program depicts Coelophysis as preying mainly on animals, such as insects. It encounters other, larger non-dinosaurian archosaurs such as Rutiodon and Desmatosuchus, the quick Coelophysis is portrayed as a very successful inhabitant of this world. Syntarsus Anchisaurus Dilophosaurus The program moves on to the Early Jurassic of Pennsylvania and these dinosaurs, closely related to Coelophysis, are hunting the primitive herbivorous dinosaur Anchisaurus, only to be driven away by a Dilophosaurus, which kills the Anchisaurus to feed its young. The narrator then explains Syntarsus and Dilophosaurus will become the gigantic carnivores such as Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus, Ceratosaurus Allosaurus Apatosaurus Dryosaurus Stegosaurus Camarasaurus Pterosaur The show skips to prehistoric Utah during the Late Jurassic period. The region has been engulfed by a severe drought as the rain has failed to arrive. A predatory Ceratosaurus stalks a family of Dryosaurus, including a mother, the predator eventually breaks its cover and charges after the small dinosaurs as they scatter. The Dryosaurus can only flee but the Ceratosaurus is quicker than they are and catches up, the Ceratosaurus feasts while the others escape into a grove of pine trees and run into a herd of sauropods called Camarasaurus. They will be safe around the gentle giants, eventually, the female decides that he is a healthy individual and the two mate. The Allosaurus subsequently kills the Ceratosaurus that attacked the Dryosaurus and finally is able to feed, later whilst following its herdmates, one Apatosaurus stumbles over a fallen tree and tumbles off of a 20 foot high cliff and cripples itself. The sauropod is mortally wounded, and its agonized bellowing is picked up by the hungry Allosaurus, when the Allosaurus arrive, they begin to eat the sauropod alive. Dromaeosaur Nothronychus Zuniceratops Coelurosaur The program then shows a forest located in New Mexico during the Middle Cretaceous period, small predatory coelurosaurs scamper through the foliage and steal pieces of meat from a dead Zuniceratops. This smaller cousin of Triceratops had been killed by raptors and the dinosaurs are feasting. The raptors chase off a lone dromaeosaur as it tries to steal some meat, the lone dromaeosaur then tries to attack a grazing Nothronychus, only to be slashed by its long claws and knocked over
17.
The Blue Planet
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The Blue Planet is a British nature documentary series created and produced by the BBC. It was premiered on 12 September 2001 in the United Kingdom and it is narrated by David Attenborough. Described as the first ever comprehensive series on the history of the worlds oceans. The underwater photography included creatures and behaviour that had never been filmed. The series won a number of Emmy and BAFTA TV awards for its music, the executive producer was Alastair Fothergill and the music was composed by George Fenton. Attenborough narrated this series before presenting the next in his Life series of programmes, The Life of Mammals, the series took almost five years to make, involving nearly 200 filming locations. The fact that most of the environment remains a mystery presented the production team with many challenges. Besides witnessing some animal behaviours for the first time, the crew also observed some that were new to science, the producers were helped by marine scientists all over the world with state-of-the-art equipment. Blue whales — whose migration routes were previously unknown — were located by air, the camera team spent three years on standby, using a microlight to land on the water nearby when they finally caught up with the creatures in the Gulf of California. The open ocean proved more difficult and over 400 days were spent in often unsuccessful filming trips, after six weeks, the crew chanced upon a school of spinner dolphins, which in turn led them to a shoal of tuna. Off Mexico, the behaviour of a flock of frigatebirds guided the cameramen to a group of sailfish and marlin, meanwhile, in Monterey Bay, orca were documented attacking gray whales and killing a calf. Filming in the deep ocean required the use of special submersibles, One of them enabled the crew to dive over a mile into the San Diego trench, where the carcass of a 40-ton gray whale had been placed to attract a large variety of scavengers. When first transmitted on BBC One, over 12 million people watched the series, the accompanying book, The Blue Planet, A Natural History of the Oceans by Andrew Byatt, Alastair Fothergill and Martha Holmes, was published by BBC Worldwide on 27 September 2001. The companion volume for the US market of the book was published by Dorling Kindersley. Deep Blue is a 2003 nature documentary film that is a version of The Blue Planet. Alastair Fothergill and Andy Byatt are credited as directors, and six cinematographers are also credited, the film was premiered at the San Sebastian Film Festival in Spain on September 20,2003. It screened in more than 20 territories from 2003 to 2005, the Blue Planet was turned into a theatrical presentation entitled The Blue Planet Live. Which toured the UK from 2006 to 2008, the UK live shows were presented by World Class Service Ltd
18.
9/11 (2002 film)
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9/11 is a 2002 French-American documentary film about the September 11 attacks in New York City, in which two planes crashed into the buildings of the World Trade Center. The film is from the point of view of the New York City Fire Department, the film was directed by Jules and Gedeon Naudet, and FDNY firefighter James Hanlon. On the morning of September 11, the firehouse, under the direction of Battalion Chief Joseph Pfeifer, was called out on an odor of gas at Church. Jules rode with Pfeifer to investigate, while Gedeon stayed behind at the firehouse with the probie, as the Battalion 1 firefighters examine the supposed gas leak, American Airlines Flight 11 flew overhead. The firefighters, under the direction of Chief Pfeifer, were the first responders on the scene, Jules, Chief Pfeifer and several other FDNY Chiefs were inside the lobby of Tower 1 when Tower 2 was hit by the second aircraft and when Tower 2 eventually collapsed. CBS aired 9/11 commercial-free on March 10,2002, to mark the six months since the attacks, the film was watched by 39.4 million viewers, bringing in a rating/share of 22. 3/33, and was the highest rated program that week. Hosted by actor Robert De Niro, CBSs broadcast was repeated on the first anniversary as well, the film aired in 103 countries in 2002 alone. The DVD of the documentary was released in proximity, although De Niros footage was edited out of the DVD release, CBS re-aired the film, hosted again by De Niro, on September 10,2006, the night before the fifth anniversary of the attacks. However, this version contained updates from the members of the documentary as of 2006. The film was noted for its use of profanity, which in regular circumstances on American broadcast media would be subject to censorship by the broadcaster or the Federal Communications Commission. However, a recent ruling by an appeals court had successfully granted a temporary halt to the FCCs enforcement of its indecency rules. This allowed CBS and any affiliates to air the documentary without edits, on Sunday, September 11,2011, CBS broadcast 9/11, Ten Years Later, once again hosted by Robert De Niro. DeNiro was to be joined by the Naudet brothers and James Hanlon, as with all previous broadcasts of the film, CBS aired repeated viewer discretion warnings before and during the broadcast. On August 22,2016, CNN picked up the rights to the film for the 15th anniversary, 9/11 was nominated for and won multiple awards including an Emmy for Outstanding Non-Fiction Special and won a Peabody Award. 9/11 at the Internet Movie Database
19.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
20.
History (U.S. TV network)
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The channel originally broadcast documentary programs and historical fiction series. More recently, it has mostly broadcast various reality series such as Pawn Stars, Ax Men. As of February 2015, approximately 96,149,000 American households receive History, International localized versions of History are available, in various forms, in India, Canada, Europe, Australia, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. The first European version was launched in Scandinavia in 1997 by Viasat which now operates their own channel, History was launched on January 1,1995 as The History Channel, its original format focused entirely on historical series and specials. On February 16,2008, a new logo was launched on the U. S. network as part of a rebranding effort, while the trademark H was kept, the triangle shape on the left acts as a play button for animation and flyouts during commercials and shows. On March 20,2008, as part of that same rebranding effort, The History Channel dropped The, on June 1,2015, the History logo was slightly updated, completely removing the triangle shape on the left. Programming on History has covered a range of historical periods and topics. Programming also includes mainstream reality television-style shows involving truck drivers, alligator hunters, pawn stores, antique and collectible pickers, car restorers, photography, occasionally some programs compare contemporary culture and technology with that of the past. On March 3,2013, History channel premiered its first original series, during the 1990s, History was jokingly referred to as The Hitler Channel for its extensive coverage of World War II. Much of its programming has been shifted to its sister network Military History. The network has also criticized for having a bias towards US history. The network was criticized by Stanley Kutner for airing the series The Men Who Killed Kennedy in 2003. Kutner was one of three historians commissioned to review the documentary, which the channel disavowed and never aired again, programs such as Modern Marvels have been praised for their presentation of detailed information in an entertaining format. Some of the series, including Ice Road Truckers, Ax Men. Senator Chuck Grassley is a critic of the channel and its lack of historical or educational programming, showing disdain for Ax Men. In his book 2012, Its Not the End of the World, Peter Lemesurier describes the channels Nostradamus series, in which he was invited to participate, as largely fiction, the History Channel was also singled out for ridicule by Smithsonian magazine. The article took issue with the show Ancient Aliens for postulating the idea that caused the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs. The online magazine Cracked also lampooned the channel for its definition of history
21.
55th Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 55th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, September 21,2003. The ceremony was broadcast on Fox, the Sci Fi channel received its first major nomination this year for Outstanding Miniseries for Taken, for which it won. For its seventh season, Everybody Loves Raymond won its first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series and it led all comedies with four major wins and ten major nominations. The West Wing won Outstanding Drama Series for the fourth consecutive year, for the first time since 1991, the Outstanding Drama Series field did not include Law & Order, it was nominated 11 times in the category, a record for drama series that still stands. The mark tied the record held by comedy series M*A*S*H. Notes Emmys. com list of 2003 Nominees & Winners 2003 Emmy Awards at the Internet Movie Database
22.
American Masters
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It is produced by WNET in New York City. The show debuted on PBS in 1986 and it aired on June 23,1986, as one of two episodes not specifically commissioned for the shows first season. Susan Lacy, American Masters creator and executive producer, selected each subject, matched them to the film makers. Before creating the series Lacy had been the senior programmer for Great Performances and one of the architects of American Playhouse, at the time of the shows premiere, she was also the East Coast head of the Sundance Institute. W. Griffith, Father of Film Woody Guthrie, Aint Got No Home Broadways Dreamers, The Legacy of the Group Theatre Merle Haggard, Learning to Live with Myself Dashiell Hammett, Detective. M
23.
56th Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 56th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, September 19,2004. The ceremony was hosted by Garry Shandling and was broadcast on ABC, the HBO miniseries Angels in America had the most successful night. It became the first, and only, program to sweep every major category, going 7/7 and it also joined Caesars Hour, in 1957, as the only program to win all four main acting categories. Upstart comedy series Arrested Development won Outstanding Comedy Series and three major awards overall and its pilot became the twelfth episode to accomplish the directing/writing double. After years of winning everything but the top prize, The Sopranos finally took home the crown for Outstanding Drama Series and it led all dramas with twelve major nominations and four major wins. Entering its final ceremony, five-time series champion Frasier needed five major wins to tie The Mary Tyler Moore Shows record of 27 major wins, because it was only nominated in five major categories, breaking the record was not possible. Though it did not tie the record, Frasier finished its Emmy career on a high note and its 25 major wins put it at second of all time. When adding its wins in categories, its total rises to 37. Emmys. com list of 2004 Nominees & Winners 2004 Emmy Awards at the Internet Movie Database
24.
Dinosaur Planet (TV series)
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Dinosaur Planet is a four-part American nature documentary first aired on Discovery Channel in 2003. It is hosted by paleontologist Scott Sampson and narrated by Christian Slater, the format is similar to Discoverys earlier series When Dinosaurs Roamed America. Each episode tells a fictionalized account of a dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period, the animals are recreated with CGI and composited into present-day filmed locations that approximate prehistoric Earth. Periodic interludes feature Scott Sampson explaining the scientific findings behind the story, the series was recommended by DVD Talk. Primetime Emmy Awards 2004 – Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming - Patrick Cusack, David Esparza, Sean Rowe, Lisa Varetakis, Michael Payne, Dean Grinsfelder, Stephen P
25.
The Apprentice (U.S. TV series)
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The Apprentice is an American game show that judges the business skills of a group of contestants. It has run in various formats across fourteen seasons since January 2004 on NBC, the Apprentice was created by British-born American television producer Mark Burnett. Billed as The Ultimate Job Interview, the show features sixteen to eighteen people who compete over the course of a season. Contestants are split into two corporations, with one member from each volunteering as a manager on each new task. The losing corporation attends a meeting with the shows host and their advisors to break down why they lost. Episodes ended with the host eliminating the poorest contributor from the competition, seven of the shows seasons featured aspiring, but otherwise unknown, businesspersons who would vie for the shows prize, a one-year $250,000 starting contract to run one of Donald Trumps companies. A reboot of this format, The New Celebrity Apprentice, aired in January 2017, the U. S. series originated a franchise of international television shows collectively known as The Apprentice, which has had over 20 local versions. Real estate tycoon and now-President of the United States Donald Trump was the shows host for the first fourteen seasons. After Trump declared he would run for President, it was announced the season would be hosted by actor and former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Lifestyle mogul Martha Stewart hosted the one-season spin-off The Apprentice, Martha Stewart in 2005, the Apprentice is a game show featuring season-long competitions. Each season begins with a new group of contestants vying to earn a place in one of the run by the host. The contestants have come from backgrounds in various enterprises, the backgrounds including real estate, accounting, restaurant management, management consulting, sales. During the show, the live in a communal dwelling. The candidates are divided into two teams, treated as corporations within the show and these corporations select a name they are subsequently referred to through the rest of the show. Tasks are generally business oriented and tend to one of several business skills. Tasks most commonly revolve around sales and marketing, during the tasks, the teams are usually visited by one of the hosts advisors for that week. Tasks typically lasted for one or two days, after the completion of the task, the teams meet with the host and his two advisers in the boardroom. Boardroom meetings generally proceed in three stages, in the preliminary stage, all of the remaining candidates on both teams gather in the boardroom to be briefed on the task by the host and his advisors
26.
57th Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 57th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, September 18,2005 and was hosted by Ellen DeGeneres. The ceremony was broadcast on CBS, BBC America received its first major nomination this year. Opening the ceremony was the famous 1970s band Earth, Wind & Fire with a version of September. Also, the show featured Emmy Idol, five segments in which famous TV stars performed popular TV theme songs in a format like American Idol. Everybody Loves Raymond became the first comedy to have its final season win the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series since Barney Miller in 1982, everybody Loves Raymond tied for the lead in major nominations and wins with ten and three, respectively. In the drama field, new series Lost won Outstanding Drama Series, defending champion The Sopranos was on hiatus and had not aired any new episodes during the eligibility period. Actress Angela Lansbury received her eighteenth and most recent nomination, however, she failed to win causing her record losing streak to be extended. com list of 2005 Nominees & Winners 2005 Emmy Awards at the Internet Movie Database
27.
Pompeii: The Last Day
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Pompeii, The Last Day is a 2003 dramatized documentary that tells of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on August 2479 AD. This eruption covered the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in ash and pumice, the documentary portrays the different phases of the eruption, it was directed by Peter Nicholson and written by Edward Canfor-Dumas. The film was directed and produced by the BBC in co-production with TLC, winner, sound supervisor Simon Farmer won the 2005 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming for this production.3 million and a 40% share. Historical characters include Pliny the Elder and his nephew Pliny the Younger and it draws heavily on the eyewitness account of Pliny the Younger as well as historical research and recent discoveries in volcanology. Extensive CGI was used to recreate the effects of the eruption, most of the people who were in Pompeii when the fourth pyroclastic surge hit died instantly or slowly suffocated to death. Julias husband, Sabinus, is shown to have most likely poisoned himself and presumably was the skeleton lying near the foot of the bed Julias body was found on, the death of Stephanus the Fuller is based upon a cast found of a man in the fetal position. The death of Stephanus wife, Fortunata, is based upon the discovery of the body of a rich bejeweled lady in the gladiator barracks, alongside those of gladiators. In Herculaneum, the death throes are much simpler, as most people were found during excavations either on the beach or inside the boat houses. Additionally, unlike Pompeii, when the pyroclastic surges hit Herculaneum, people there were killed, whereas most Pompeians slowly suffocated. Official Press Release at BBC Press Office Official Press Pack at BBC Press Office Pompeii, The Last Day at the Internet Movie Database
28.
The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)
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The Amazing Race is an American reality competition show in which typically eleven teams of two race around the world. Teams are progressively eliminated at the end of most legs, while the first team to arrive at the end of the final leg wins the prize of US$1 million. As the original version of the Amazing Race franchise, the CBS program has been running since 2001, the series was renewed for a 29th season, which premiered on March 30,2017. Numerous international versions have been developed following the core structure. The show was created by Elise Doganieri and Bertram van Munster, the show is produced by Earthview Inc. Jerry Bruckheimer Television for CBS Television Studios and ABC Studios. The series has been hosted by veteran New Zealand television personality Phil Keoghan since its inception, although it has moved around several prime time slots since its inception, the program has averaged about 10 million viewers per season. The Amazing Race is a reality competition, typically involving eleven teams of two, in a race around the world. The race cycle is divided into a number of legs, normally twelve, each leg ends with a Pit Stop, where teams are given a chance to rest and recover before starting the next leg twelve hours later. The first team to arrive at a Pit Stop is often awarded a prize such as a trip, some legs are non-elimination legs, where the last team to arrive may be penalized in the following leg. Some races have featured double-length legs, where the meet the host at what appears to be a Pit Stop. The final leg of each race is run by the last three remaining teams, and the first to arrive at the final destination wins the shows prize, the average length of each race is approximately 25 to 30 days. During each leg, teams follow clues from Route Markers—boxes containing clue envelopes marked in the red, yellow. Travel between destinations includes commercial and chartered airplanes, boats, trains, taxis, buses, and rented vehicles provided by the show, teams are required to pay for all expenses while traveling from a small stipend given to them at the start of each leg. Any money left unspent can be used in future legs of the race, the only exception is air travel, where teams are given a credit card to purchase economy-class fares. Some teams have used the tactic of begging to replenish lost money, clues may also describe a number of tasks that teams must complete before continuing to race. As such, teams are free and sometimes required to engage locals to help in any manner to decipher clues. Tasks are typically designed to highlight the culture of the country they are in. Such tasks include, Route Info, A general clue that may include a task to be completed by the team before they can receive their next clue, Detours, A choice of two tasks
29.
58th Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 58th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, August 27,2006 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California on NBC at 8,00 p. m. ET with Conan OBrien hosting the show. The ceremony attracted 16.2 million viewers, 2½ million fewer than the years ceremony. The Discovery Channel received its first major nomination this year and this awards show was the first in fourteen years to be held in August because of NBCs request, because of NBC Sunday Night Football, the ceremony moved to accommodate NFL Kickoff Weekend. Losts exclusion was mocked during the sequence, when OBrien, accompanied by Hugo Hurley Reyes. OBrien asked Reyes if he wanted to come, Reyes says coyly, Well, we werent exactly invited, for its second season, The Office won Outstanding Comedy Series, this was its only major award. No comedy series won more than two major awards this year, in the drama field,24 won Outstanding Drama Series for its fifth season, after being nominated and losing the previous four years. Its three major awards topped all drama series, ellen Burstyn was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for her role in Mrs. Harris, even though she was onscreen for only fourteen seconds, which caused controversy. The show that received the most major nominations was Greys Anatomy, the top-nominated show had not received so few nominations since 1970, when Marcus Welby, M. D. received six. However, there were far fewer nominations back then, with most categories having three slots making this ceremony unique, the pilot episode of My Name Is Earl joined a select group of TV episodes to win for both directing and writing. Immediately after that, the plane began to experience turbulence and then was portrayed as having crashed on an island, OBrien is then seen walking ashore on the beach and onto the island still wearing his tuxedo. Hurley appears and then follows OBrien to a hatch, when OBrien asks if he wants to come along, Hurley says that they werent exactly invited. OBrien enters the hatch and arrives on the set of The Office, the intention of this opening sequence was to parody the premise of the ABC series Lost. However, the sequence reportedly disturbed some viewers because of the Comair Flight 5191 disaster that had occurred earlier in the day, at least one local NBC affiliate had the unfortunate coincidence of running a Breaking News scroll about the crash at the same time as the scene was airing. Finke stated that she believed NBC could have—with relative ease—instructed their writers to come up with a different sketch at the last minute, the skit also parodied shows such as The Office,24, House, South Park, and Dateline NBC. The show featured tributes to two TV legends, Dick Clark, and Aaron Spelling, producer of such classic TV shows as Dynasty and Beverly Hills,90210. The former tribute was presented by Simon Cowell, American Idol judge, with a performance by Barry Manilow, joan Collins, Heather Locklear, and Stephen Collins, along with the original three Charlies Angels, gave the tribute for Spelling. Official list of all nominees Emmys. com list of 2006 Nominees & Winners Nikki Finke Asks,2006 Emmy Awards at the Internet Movie Database Video of the Plane Crash Sequence from the 58th Primetime Emmy Broadcast
30.
Survivor (U.S. TV series)
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The American series premiered on May 31,2000, on CBS. It is hosted by television personality Jeff Probst, who is also an executive producer, the show maroons a group of strangers in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination, the American version has been very successful. From the 2000–01 through the 2005–06 television seasons, its first eleven seasons rated amongst the top ten most watched shows, Jeff Probst won the award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program four consecutive times after the award was introduced in 2008. In 2007, the series was included in Time magazines list of the 100 greatest TV shows of all-time, in 2013, TV Guide ranked it at #39 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. The series was renewed for a 34th season, Survivor, Game Changers, the series has been renewed through the 2017–18 television season. The first U. S. season of Survivor followed the general format as the Swedish series. Sixteen or more players are split between two or more tribes, are taken to an isolated location and are forced to live off the land with meager supplies for 39 days. Once about half the players are remaining, the tribes are merged into a single tribe, most players that are voted out at this stage form the games jury. Once down to two or three people, a final Tribal Council is held where the remaining players plead their case to the jury members, the jury then votes for which player should be considered the Sole Survivor and win the shows grand prize. In all seasons for the United States version, this has included a $1 million prize in addition to the Sole Survivor title, some seasons have included additional prizes, the United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, the first season was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with Survivor, Africa, there have two seasons aired during each U. S. television season. In the first season, there was a 75-person crew, by season 22, the crew had grown to 325 people. There have been a total of 498 contestants that have competed on Survivors 33 seasons, the original idea of Survivor was developed by Charlie Parsons in 1994 under the name Castaway. Parsons formed Planet24 with Bob Geldof to produce the show and tried to have the BBC broadcast it, Parsons went to Swedish television and was able to find a broadcaster, ultimately producing Expedition Robinson in 1997. The show was a success, and plans for international versions were made, Mark Burnett intended to be the person to bring the show to the United States, though he recognized that the Swedish version was a bit crude and mean-spirited. Burnett retooled the concept to use better production values, based on his prior Eco-Challenge show, Burnett spent about a year trying to find a broadcaster that would take the show, retooling the concept based on feedback
