1.
Sony Music
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Sony Music Entertainment is an American music company owned by Sony. It is incorporated as a partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, in 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991, the buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is one of the Big Three record companies, being the second largest after Universal Music Group, in 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several record companies. In 1934, in the midst of Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company, ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off. ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label and Okeh its subsidiary label and this allowed ARCs leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to their former owner Warner Bros. which sold them to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward on the Columbia label and he was succeeded by James Conkling as head of Columbia Records. In 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name, Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label. Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 and in 1956, Conkling left Columbia and he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. His successor, Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company, and in 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music. In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its international distributor Philips Records with the goal of starting its own global record company. Philips acquisition of US-based Mercury Records in 1961 paved the way for this, elsewhere, CBSs Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963. In 1964, Columbia set out acquiring record companies in countries for its CBS Records International Unit. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. In late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived and this label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Dates biggest success was Time of the Season by the Zombies, the label was discontinued in 1970
2.
RCA/Jive Label Group
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RCA/Jive Label Group was a short-lived American record label group, owned by Sony Music Entertainment and representing the merger of the RCA Music Group and Jive Label Group. The umbrella group was formed in 2007 under the name BMG Label Group, was rebranded as RCA/Jive Label Group in 2009 and those artists on those three labels were moved to the rebranded RCA Records. RCA/Jive configuration began as the BMG Label Group during the last year of the Sony BMG merger, the group was officially formed in September 2007 when Bertelsmann restructured their RCA and Zomba groups into one entity bearing the BMG branding. Bob Anderson and Kevin Twitchell led the department for the new group. By early 2008, the BMG Label Group was said to consist of RCA Records, Jive Records, J Records, LaFace, Arista, Volcano Entertainment, Verity, GospoCentric and Fo Yo Soul. In April 2008, Barry Weiss was promoted to chairman and CEO of the BMG Label Group, Weiss replaced longtime music exec Clive Davis, who became the Chief Creative Officer. In August 2008, BMG sold their half of the Sony BMG merger back to Sony, by early 2010, the Zomba site was completely reworked as the rebranding process was completed. Following the restructuring, Barry Weiss remained head of both RCA/Jive Label Group, and its constituent Jive Label Group, Weiss left the RCA/Jive Label Group in March 2011. In mid-2011, Sony Music split RCA/Jive Label Group, staff and artists associated with Jive were moved to a restructured Epic Records which is aimed to focus on urban music. RCA Music Group remained on its own, and even took on some of the non-urban artist from Jive, L. A. Reid became Chairman and CEO of Epic Records and Peter Edge became Chairman and CEO of RCA Music Group. Instead, both the RCA Music Group and the Jive Label Group operate as standalone units, but shared back-office functions, RCA/Jive consisted of several flagship record labels, which originally formed part of BMG before being absorbed into Sonys operations. RCA Music Group was created by BMG in March 2004 shortly after the formation of Zomba Label Group and it became a part of the BMG Label Group along with Zomba, and remained unscathed after the rebranding. Jive Label Group was founded in 2004 as Zomba Label Group by BMG, when BMG began their integration of Zomba labels into their operations, they created the Zomba Label Group in early 2004. Initially the group consisted of LaFace, Volcano, Silvertone and Jive, in 2005, Zomba Label Group created a gospel division called Zomba Gospel to collate their gospel interests at the time. The group primarily consisted of GospoCentric Records and Verity Records, after being shuffled under Sony in late 2008, the Zomba Label Group began rebranding to the Jive Label Group. Additionally, Zomba Gospel was rebranded as the Verity Gospel Music Group, in mid-2011, Jive Label Group was separated from the RCA Music Group and joined Epic Records under the newly formed Epic Label Group. Because of the focus of the new group, some of Jives non-urban artists, such as Britney Spears. List of RCA Records artists The record labels under RCA/Jive have been releasing material since before the entitys existence, for detailed discographies of those labels, please visit their respective pages
3.
Contemporary Christian music
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Contemporary Christian music is a genre of modern popular music which is lyrically focused on matters concerned with the Christian faith. Today, the term is used to refer to pop, rock. Top-selling CCM artists will also appear on the Billboard 200, in the iTunes Store, the genre is represented as part of the Christian and gospel genre. The growing popularity in the styles of Rock n Roll music in the 1950s was initially dismissed by the church because it was believed to encourage sinfulness. Yet as evangelical churches adapted to appeal to people, the musical styles used in worship changed as well by adopting the sounds of this popular style. The genre became known as contemporary Christian music as a result of the Jesus movement revival in the latter 1960s and early 1970s, about that time, many young people from the sixties counterculture professed to believe in Jesus. Convinced of the bareness of a lifestyle based on drugs, free sex, however, there were people who felt that Jesus was another trip. It was during the 1970s Jesus movement that Christian music started to become an industry within itself, Jesus Music started by playing instruments and singing songs about love and peace, which then translated into love of God. Paul Wohlegemuth, who wrote the book Rethinking Church Music, said 1970s will see a marked acceptance of rock-influenced music in all levels of church music. The rock style will become familiar to all people, its rhythmic excesses will become refined. Larry Norman is often remembered as the father of Christian rock and he is remembered as the artist who first combined rock n roll with Christian lyrics in the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Unlike traditional or southern gospel music, this new Jesus music was birthed out of rock, pioneers of this movement also included Keith Green, 2nd Chapter of Acts, Barry McGuire, Andraé Crouch and the Disciples, Evie, Benny Hester, and The Imperials, among others. The small Jesus music culture had expanded into an industry by the 1980s. Many CCM artists such as Benny Hester, Amy Grant, DC Talk, Michael W. Smith, Stryper, the genre emerged and became prevalent in the 1970s and 1980s. Beginning in July 1978, CCM Magazine began covering Contemporary Christian Music artists and it has certain themes and messages behind the songs and their lyrics including Praise and worship, faith, encouragement, and prayer. These songs also focus on themes of devotion, inspiration, redemption, reconciliation, many people listen to contemporary Christian music for comfort through tough times. The lyrics and messages conveyed in CCM songs are aimed to evangelize, one of the earliest goals of CCM was to spread the news of Jesus to non-Christians. In addition, contemporary Christian music also strengthens the faith of believers, Contemporary Christian music has influences from folk, gospel, pop and rock music
4.
Franklin, Tennessee
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Franklin is a city in and county seat of Williamson County, Tennessee, United States. Located about 21 miles south of Nashville, it is one of the cities of the Nashville metropolitan area. Since 1980, its population has increased more than fivefold and, based on its 2013 estimated population of 68,886, it is ranked as the seventh-largest city in Tennessee. The city of Franklin was founded October 26,1799, by Abram Maury, Maury named the town after national founding father Benjamin Franklin, who was a close friend of Dr. Hugh Williamson, a member of the Continental Congress after whom Williamson County was named. Ewen Cameron built the first European-American house in the town of Franklin, Cameron was born February 23,1768, in Balgalkan, Ferintosh, Scotland. He emigrated to Virginia in 1785 and from there came to Tennessee, Cameron died February 28,1846, having lived 48 years in the same log house. His second wife, Mary, and he are buried in the old City Cemetery and his descendants have lived in Franklin continuously since 1798, when his son Duncan was born. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Franklin was fought in the city on November 30,1864, forty-four buildings were converted to use as field hospitals. The Carter, Carnton, and the Lotz historic homes are still standing from this era, long a suburb to Nashville, Tennessee, Franklin has expanded more than fivefold since 1980, when its population was 12,407. In 2012, it had an population of 68,280. This makes it rank as the seventh-largest city in the state, many of its residents commute to businesses in Nashville, but considerable growth has occurred in Franklin and the county of a regional economy. In the early morning hours of Christmas Eve of 1988, one died when an F4 tornado struck the city. Franklin is located at 35°55′45″N 86°51′27″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 78.0 km².77.8 km² of it is land and 0.2 km² of it is covered by water. Since the late 20th century, the city has grown rapidly in population, as of the census of 2010,62,487 people,16,128 households, and 11,225 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,393.3 people per square mile, the 17,296 housing units averaged 575.9 per square mile. The average household size was 2.55 and the family size was 3.09. In the city, the population was distributed as 27. 9% under the age of 18,7. 5% from 18 to 24,38. 1% from 25 to 44,19. 2% from 45 to 64, the median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males
5.
Essential Records (Christian)
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Essential Records is a contemporary Christian record label based in Franklin, Tennessee. It is a division of a label, Sony Music Entertainment. It was established in 1992 and acquired by Brentwood Music in 1993, the labels first big hit release was Flood by Jars of Clay in 1996. The song was a hit on radio before hitting on Christian formats, it hit No.12 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. Today it is part of the Provident Label Group, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
6.
Reunion Records
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Reunion Records is a Christian music record label based in Brentwood, Tennessee, U. S. and operating under the Provident Label Group. The label was founded in 1982 by Dan Harrell and Mike Blanton, the label was formed by Amy Grants managers, with the labels original intent to give new artist Kathy Troccoli a home after being rejected by the major labels at the time. Troccoli, Michael W. Smith, and Rich Mullins were the labels first three artists, in 1990 they signed a new distribution deal with Geffen Records. In 1992 50% of Reunion Records was sold to BMG and by 1995 the other half was also acquired by BMG, for a time following the BMG acquisition they distributed through RCA Records. From 1995 until 1996, it was part of Arista Records, in October 1996 the label was sold to Zomba Records. Through eventual consolidation, it is now part of Sony Music Entertainment, Mike Blanton and Dan Harrell partnered with Steve Thomas to create BHT Entertainment in 2003. The label signed a agreement with Word Records. The roster of artists, updated March,11,2016, Steven Curtis Chapman Casting Crowns Brandon Heath Moriah Peters Rebecca St
7.
Benson Records
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Benson Records was founded by Bob Benson & John T. Benson, beginning as the John T. Benson Music Publishing Company in 1902. The record label started out as Heart Warming Records and would come to house such as Impact Records, Greentree Records, RiverSong, StarSong. Heart Warming Records became The Benson Co, in 1980, Paragon Associates formed a partnership with Zondervan to own/operate Benson Records. In the 1980s, Benson Records continued with success by signing a contract to distribute a new label founded by DeGarmo & Key member Eddie DeGarmo, Forefront Records was born and in 1989 Dc Talk was signed. In 1990 Forefront Records was sold to Chordant Music Distribution, in 1994 the name Impact Records was sold to Landmark Distribution. In 1995 they acquired Diadem Music Group which included gospelJazz pioneer Ben Tankards Tribute Records label contracts and these contracts included Tankard, Yolanda Adams, Twinkie Clark, and Bob Carlisle. Carlisle is best known for his hit song Butterfly Kisses, Benson Records was sold to Provident/Zomba in 1997, which is now a part of Sony Music Entertainment. The Benson label was reformatted to focus on new artists, zomba closed the label in late 2001. Most recently the name Heart Warming Records and RiverSong was sold to Homeland Entertainment, sumner & The Stamps Quartet How Great Thou Art -J. D. Sumner & The Stamps Quartet List of record labels Benson Records website Provident-Integrity Distribution Provident Label Group Southern Gospel History Powell, the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music Hendrickson Publishers, August 2002
8.
Sony Masterworks
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Sony Music Masterworks is a record label, the result of a restructuring of Sony Music Entertainments classical music division. Before the acquisition of Bertelsmanns shares in the former Sony BMG and its formation marked the merger of the Sony Classical and BMG Classics product lines. Gilbert Hetherwick was the president of the label from January 2005 through November 2006, Hetherwick claimed the label may reissue between one hundred and two hundred historical recordings per year. Hetherwick left in November 2006, to be replaced by Alex Miller and it is also responsible for Sony BMGs immense archives of film scores. It also maintains the archive of theater soundtracks, via its Masterworks Broadway imprint and it also issues jazz recordings through its Okeh Records imprint. Sony Masterworks also handles the Portrait Records and Flying Buddha Records imprints, the merged labels name echoes the moniker used by Sony Classicals predecessor, Columbia Masterworks. The labels name was changed after CBS sold its records division to Sony in the late 1980s, Sony Masterworks has several imprints, used primarily for newer recorded material for its imprints itself and compilations and reissues for its imprints in conjunction with Legacy Recordings. List of record labels Sony BMG announces new classical division Kozinn, in restructuring, Sony BMG introduces classical label. In The New York Times, CLIV, B1, B7, Sony Masterworks Official Site Sony Masterworks Broadway Official Site Sony Masterworks Official Blog Sony Masterworks Podcasts
9.
GospoCentric Records
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GospoCentric Records is an Inglewood, California based Gospel music record label started as an independent label by Vicki Mack Lataillade and Claude Lataillade in 1993. The label rose to prominence in the 90s largely on the success of gospel artist Kirk Franklin. The label has grown to one of the most prominent major gospel labels in its marketplace. GospoCentric later spawned the imprint B-Rite Music, which was used to launch artists like Trin-i-tee 5,7, gospoCentric was recently purchased by Zomba Music Group, which also owns major gospel label Verity Records. The label is owned by Sony Music Entertainment through RCA Inspiration. Byron Cage Kurt Carr Dorinda Clark Cole Kirk Franklin Gods Property Tramaine Hawkins Dave Hollister J
10.
Gray Matters (record label)
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Gray Matters is an imprint record label structured underneath the Nettwerk Music Group. The label was founded in 2007 by Jars of Clay band members Dan Haseltine, Stephen Mason, Matt Odmark, the creation of the label was in response to the bands record contracts ending with Essential Records, and the bands desiring to control their music output. The label will be distributed by Provident/Integrity Distribution to the Christian, the band had been with Nettwerk under their management division since 2003. As of now, Jars of Clay and Disappointed by Candy are the acts signed to the record label. The first Gray Matters release will be a Disappointed by Candy album, followed by the Jars of Clays Christmas album, Christmas Songs, shortly after, the band will record the soundtrack to a documentary that a friend of the band is producing about the African village of Lwala
11.
Integrity Music
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Integrity Music is part of the David C Cook family, a nonprofit global resource provider serving the Church with life-transforming materials. The label has also translated albums into Spanish, Mandarin, Hindi, Cantonese, Dutch, French, since 1983, Integrity has produced the popular Hosanna. By 1995 the firm was publicly traded on Nasdaq under the symbol ITGR, the company changed its name in 2002 to Integrity Media to better reflect its move into other markets. Also in 2002, the firm purchased the Nashville-based record label INO Records and this added to their artist roster, which already included Don Moen, Hillsong Music, Paul Baloche, and Israel and New Breed. The label also released the soundtrack to the film The Passion of the Christ, in 2005, Integrity Music and INO Records began distribution through Sony BMG as part of the Provident Label Group. Integrity also sells music, film and digital media via direct mail and Internet sales, in 2011, Integrity Music was sold to ministry company David C
12.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
13.
Wind-up Records
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Wind-up Entertainment, Inc. is an American record label founded by Alan and Diana Meltzer in 1997. It is based in New York City and is distributed by Universal Music Group, Wind-ups best-selling artists worldwide were Creed and Evanescence. Wind-up Records was formed in 1997 by Alan Meltzer, former owner of CD One Stop, Wind-up at one point was the largest independently owned record label in the world. The parent company Wind-up Entertainment also runs numerous publishing companies as well as a retail, online. The companys slogan is Developing Career Artists, some of the successful acts on the label included Creed, Evanescence, Seether and Finger Eleven. The label has also re-released albums from bands previously associated with Grass Records, such as Toadies, The Wrens, in September 2009, the label reached an agreement with EMI Music Germany and in February 2011 with EMI Music Canada. The partnership has seen EMI Music take over the marketing and distribution of such as Creed, Evanescence. In Canada, distribution was initially with Sony Music Canada as was the distribution in the United States, however, in October 2004, distribution in Canada switched over to Warner Music Canada with the creation of Wind-up Entertainment Canada. Distribution in Canada moved again, for a time in February 2011. On October 31,2011, the founder, Alan Meltzer. In 2012, Universal Music Group acquired the EMI music operations, in October 2013, the Bicycle Music Company bought the rights to much of Wind-Ups back catalogue, including the contracts to acts such as Seether. These artists will be distributed by the Concord Music Group, in May 2015, Concord Bicycle Music bought the rest of the Wind-Up label. Accurate according to Wind-ups website as of November 25,2013. A. R
14.
Facing the Giants
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Facing the Giants is a 2006 American Christian drama film directed by and starring Alex Kendrick. The supporting cast was composed of volunteers from Sherwood Baptist Church, shot in Albany, Georgia, the film relates an underdog story about American football from a Christian worldview. The film was released to DVD in early 2007 and made its debut on September 21,2008. In 2003, Grant Taylor is the coach at Shiloh Christian Academy. After his seventh season begins with a losing streak, the players fathers start making noises about replacing him with defensive coordinator Brady Owens. This is not the only problem Grant is facing, his car is breaking down and he creates a new coaching philosophy and decides to praise God, no matter what the result. At the same time he guides and urges each one of his players to give the maximum effort and this influence spreads to the rest of the school. From that point on, the Eagles win all their regular season games after losing the first three and make the state playoffs. As a result, Grant is given a raise in salary rather than being fired and is provided with a brand-new truck from grateful boosters. The Eagles lose their playoff opener, but are declared the winner after the opponent used ineligible players, the Eagles then advance all the way to the state championship game against the three-time defending champion Richland Giants. Grants prayers for children are also answered as he and Brooke have children after two years, most of the cast and crew were members of Sherwood Baptist Church in Albany, Georgia. For example, the role of Bobby Lee Duke, the coach in the state final, was played by Sherwood Baptist associate pastor Jim McBride. The movie was shot on high definition digital tape and transferred to film. Using real high school teams, the football action sequences were shot by the films director of photography, Bob Scott. Another NFL Films technician, Rob Whitehurst, recorded the movies sound, filming started on April 27,2004. It holds an average ranking 13% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 24 reviews, site consensus reads, The tropes of both football and evangelical movies are gracelessly on parade in this banal, insipid drama. The film also received criticism from some Christians for portraying a prosperity gospel version of Christianity, in its first weekend, the film opened on 441 screens nationwide in the United States. Despite such a number of theaters, the film opened in twelfth place with $1,343,537
15.
Sony
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Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation that is headquartered in Kōnan, Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics, gaming, entertainment, the company is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets. Sony was ranked 116th on the 2015 list of Fortune Global 500 and these make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. The group consists of Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Financial Holdings and others. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the companys current slogan is BE MOVED. Their former slogans were make. believe, like. no. other, Sony has a weak tie to the SMFG keiretsu, the successor to the Mitsui keiretsu. Sony began in the wake of World War II, in 1946, Masaru Ibuka started an electronics shop in a department store building in Tokyo. The company had $530 in capital and a total of eight employees, in the following year he was joined by his colleague, Akio Morita, and they founded a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo 東京通信工業. The company built Japans first tape recorder, called the Type-G, in 1958 the company changed its name to Sony. When Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo was looking for a name to use to market themselves, they strongly considered using their initials. The primary reason they did not is that the railway company Tokyo Kyuko was known as TTK, the company occasionally used the acronym Totsuko in Japan, but during his visit to the United States, Morita discovered that Americans had trouble pronouncing that name. Another early name that was tried out for a while was Tokyo Teletech until Akio Morita discovered that there was an American company already using Teletech as a brand name, the name Sony was chosen for the brand as a mix of two words. One was the Latin word sonus, which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other was sonny, a common slang term used in 1950s America to call a boy. In the 1950s Japan sonny boys, was a word into Japanese which connoted smart and presentable young men. The first Sony-branded product, the TR-55 transistor radio, appeared in 1955, at the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman letters to spell its name instead of writing it in kanji. The move was not without opposition, TTKs principal bank at the time and they pushed for a name such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. Akio Morita was firm, however, as he did not want the company tied to any particular industry. Eventually, both Ibuka and Mitsui Banks chairman gave their approval, according to Schiffer, Sonys TR-63 radio cracked open the U. S. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics
16.
Masaru Ibuka
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Masaru Ibuka was a Japanese electronics industrialist and co-founder of Sony. In 1946, he left the company and navy, and founded a bombed out radio repair shop in Tokyo, in 1946 Ibuka and Akio Morita co-founded Sony Corporation, originally named Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. Ibuka served as president of Sony from 1950 to 1971, Ibuka received Honorary Doctorates from the Sophia University, Tokyo in 1976, from the Waseda University, Tokyo in 1979, and from Brown University in 1994. The IEEE awarded him the IEEE Founders Medal in 1972 and named the IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award after him in 1987, Ibuka served as the Chairman of the National Board of Governors of the Boy Scouts of Nippon. In 1991 the World Organization of the Scout Movement awarded him the Bronze Wolf, in 1989 he also received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award. Distinguished Services Award from the Institute of Electrical Communication Engineers of Japan,1981, humanism and Technology Award from the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies,1986. Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor, German Eduard Rhein Foundation,1989, designated Person of Cultural Merits by Ministry of Education,199. The Presidential Award and Medallion from the University of Illinois, the books foreword was written by Glenn Doman, founder of The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, an organization that teaches parents about child brain development. Ibuka and Doman agreed that the first years of life were vital for education, Ibuka left Sony in 1976, but maintained close ties as an advisor until his death in December 1997 from heart failure at the age of 89. He was posthumously decorated with the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Ibukas books IEEE bio of Ibuka Russian version of Ibukas Kindergarten is Too Late
17.
Akio Morita
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Akio Morita was a Japanese businessman and co-founder of Sony along with Masaru Ibuka. Akio Morita was born in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, moritas family was involved in sake, miso and soy sauce production in the village of Kosugaya on the western coast of Chita Peninsula in Aichi Prefecture since 1665. He was the oldest of four siblings and his father Kyuzaemon trained him as a child to take over the family business, Akio, however, found his true calling in mathematics and physics, and in 1944 he graduated from Osaka Imperial University with a degree in physics. He was later commissioned as a sub-lieutenant in the Imperial Japanese Navy, during his service, Morita met his future business partner Masaru Ibuka in the Navys Wartime Research Committee. On May 7,1946, Morita and Ibuka founded Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha with about 20 employees, Ibuka was 38 years old, Morita,25. Moritas family invested in Sony during the period and was the largest shareholder. In 1949, the company developed magnetic recording tape and in 1950, in 1957, it produced a pocket-sized radio, and in 1958, Morita and Ibuka decided to rename their company Sony. Morita was an advocate for all the products made by Sony, however, since the radio was slightly too big to fit in a shirt pocket, Morita made his employees wear shirts with slightly larger pockets to give the radio a pocket sized appearance. In 1960, it produced the first transistor television in the world, in 1973, Sony received an Emmy Award for its Trinitron television-set technology. In 1975, it released the first Betamax home video recorder, in 1979, the Walkman was introduced, making it one of the worlds first portable music players. In 1984, Sony launched the Discman series which extended their Walkman brand to portable CD products, in 1960, the Sony Corporation of America was established in the United States. In 1961, Sony Corporation was the first Japanese company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, in the form of American depositary receipts, which are traded over-the-counter. Sony bought CBS Records Group which consisted of Columbia Records, Epic Records and other CBS labels in 1988, on November 25,1994, Morita stepped down as Sony chairman after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage while playing tennis. He was succeeded by Norio Ohga, who had joined the company in the 1950s after sending Morita a letter denouncing the poor quality of the tape recorders. Morita was vice chairman of the Japan Business Federation, and was a member of the Japan-U. S, economic Relations Group, also known as the Wise Mens Group. He was also the third Japanese chairman of the Trilateral Commission and his amateur radio call sign is JP1DPJ. In 1966, Morita wrote a book called Gakureki Muyō Ron, in 1986, Morita wrote an autobiography titled Made in Japan. The book was translated into English and caused controversy in the United States, Morita was awarded the Albert Medal by the United Kingdoms Royal Society of Arts in 1982, the first Japanese to receive the honor
18.
Kaz Hirai
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Kazuo Kaz Hirai is a Japanese businessman who is the President and CEO of Sony Corporation. He also serves as a member of Sony Interactive Entertainment and chairman. He was noted by Entertainment Weekly as one of the most powerful executives in the entertainment industry, Hirai became the President and CEO of Sony on April 1,2012. Kazuo Hirai was born in 1960 in Tokyo, Japan, where he attended the American School in Japan, between 1973 and 1976, Hirai attended Valley Park Middle School in Toronto. It was his interest in games that later brought him into the entertainment business and he eventually became head of Sony Computer Entertainment Japans international business affairs office in New York. Kazuo Hirai began his career with Sony Music Entertainment Japan in 1984, afterwards, becoming the head of Sonys international business affairs department. He then moved to Sony Music Japan’s New York office, leading the marketing of Sony Music Japan artists in the U. S, in August 1995, Hirai joined Sonys computer and video game division, Sony Computer Entertainment America. Two years later, in 1997, Hirai was credited on his first completed video game, under his leadership, SCEA continually managed to retain high profits throughout the sixth generation era. On July 3,2006, Sony Computer Entertainment announced that Hirai had been made a president of its corporate executive group. On November 30,2006, just under two weeks after the launch of PlayStation 3, Hirai replaced Ken Kutaragi as President of Sony Computer Entertainment, while maintaining his positions at SCEA, Hirai also became chief operating officer of SCEI. Kutaragi himself was promoted to chairman of SCEI, and remained chief executive officer of the group. On April 26,2007, it was announced that Hirai will be promoted to President and Group CEO of SCEI, replacing Ken Kutaragi who would retire and instead take up the role of Honorary Chairman. On April 1,2009, Sony’s electronics and game businesses were merged and reconfigured as two groups, the Consumer Products & Devices Group and the Networked Products & Services Group. Hirai was appointed as Corporate Executive Officer and Executive Vice President of Sony Corporation, Hirai became Chairman of Sony Computer Entertainment on September 1,2011 and was replaced by Andrew House as President and Group CEO. He retired as Chairman of SCEI on June 25,2012, on April 1,2011, Hirai was promoted to Representative Corporate Executive Officer and Executive Deputy President of Sony Corporation. He oversaw the Consumer Products & Services Group, Hirai was speculated to become the successor to Howard Stringer, the current sitting president and CEO of Sony Corporation, who was then expected to step down in 2013. On February 1,2012, Sony announced that Hirai has been appointed as President and Chief Executive Officer and he was appointed to the Board at the annual shareholders meeting on June 27,2012. Official website Kaz Hirais profile at MobyGames
19.
Sony Interactive Entertainment
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Sony Interactive Entertainment is a multinational video game company and is an owned subsidiary and part of the Consumer Products and Services Group of Sony. The company was founded and established on November 16,1993, as Sony Computer Entertainment, since the successful launch of the original PlayStation console in 1994, the company has since been developing the PlayStation lineup of home video game consoles and accessories. Expanding upon North America and other countries, the company soon became Sonys main resource for research and development in video games, in 1994, Sony Computer Entertainment America, began to produce the original PlayStation console in North America. The starting price for this console was originally listed at $299.99, in April 2016, SCE and Sony Network Entertainment was restructured and reorganized into Sony Interactive Entertainment, carrying over the operations and primary objectives from both companies. Sony Interactive Entertainment handles the research and development, production, alongside, it is also a developer and publisher of video game titles and is composed of several subsidiaries of Sonys largest markets, North America, Europe and Asia. As of September 30,2016, the company has sold more than 486 million PlayStation consoles worldwide. Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. was jointly established by Sony, the original PlayStation console was released on December 3,1994, in Japan. The companys North American operations, Sony Computer Entertainment of America, were established in May 1995 as a division of Sony Electronic Publishing. Located in Foster City, California, the North American office was headed by Steve Race. On August 7,1995, Race unexpectedly resigned and was named CEO of Spectrum HoloByte three days later and he was replaced by Sony Electronics veteran Martin Homlish. The PS console was released in the United States on September 9,1995, as part of a worldwide restructuring at the beginning of 1997, SCEA was re-established as a wholly owned subsidiary of SCEI. The launch of the second PS console, the PlayStation 2 was released in Japan on March 4,2000, on July 1,2002, chairman of SCEI, Shigeo Maruyama, was replaced by Tamotsu Iba as chairman. Jack Tretton and Phil Harrison were also promoted to vice presidents of SCE. The PlayStation Portable was SCEIs first foray into the handheld console market. Its development was first announced during SCEs E3 conference in 2003, the system was released in Japan on December 12,2004, in North America on March 24,2005, and in Europe and Australia on September 1,2005. On September 14,2005, SCEI formed Sony Computer Entertainment Worldwide Studios, shuhei Yoshida was named as President of SCE WWS on May 16,2008, replacing Kazuo Hirai, who was serving interim after Harrison left the company in early 2008. On December 8,2005, video game developer Guerrilla Games, on January 24,2006, video game developer Zipper Interactive, developers of the Socom series, was acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment as part of its SCE WWS. Sony also stated that the service would always be connected, free, the launch date for the PS3 was announced by Hirai at the pre-Electronic Entertainment Expo conference held at Sony Pictures Studios in Los Angeles, U. S. on May 8,2006
20.
PlayStation
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It is created and owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment since December 3,1994, with the launch of the original PlayStation console in Japan. The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units,9 years and 6 months after its initial launch and its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28,2012. Sonys next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013. Sonys latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, the first handheld game console in the PlayStation series, sold a total of 80 million units worldwide by November 2013. Its successor, the PlayStation Vita, which launched in Japan on December 17,2011, PlayStation TV is a microconsole and a non-portable variant of the PlayStation Vita handheld game console. The main series of controllers utilized by the PlayStation series is the DualShock, the PlayStation Network is an online service with over 110 million users worldwide. PlayStation Mobile is a framework that provides PlayStation content on mobile devices. Content set to be released under the framework consist of only original PlayStation games currently, 7th generation PlayStation products also use the XrossMediaBar, which is an award-winning graphical user interface. A new touch screen-based user interface called LiveArea was launched for the PlayStation Vita, additionally, PlayStation 2 and original PlayStation 3 consoles also featured support for Linux-based operating systems, though this has since been discontinued. The series has also known for its numerous marketing campaigns. The consoles origins date back to 1988 where it was originally a joint project between Nintendo and Sony to create a CD-ROM for the Super Famicom. However, a day after the announcement at CES, Nintendo announced that it would be breaking its partnership with Sony, opting to go with Philips instead but using the same technology. The deal was broken by Nintendo after they were unable to come to an agreement on how revenue would be split between the two companies. The breaking of the partnership infuriated Sony President Norio Ohga, who responded by appointing Kutaragi with the responsibility of developing the PlayStation project to rival Nintendo. At that time, negotiations were still on-going between Nintendo and Sony, with Nintendo offering Sony a non-gaming role regarding their new partnership with Philips. This proposal was rejected by Kutaragi who was facing increasing criticism over his work with regard to entering the video game industry from within Sony. At the meeting, Kutaragi unveiled a proprietary CD-ROM-based system he had working on which involved playing video games with 3D graphics to the board
21.
Sony Mobile
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Sony Mobile is a multinational telecommunications company founded on October 1,2001 as a joint venture between Sony and Ericsson, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and wholly owned by Sony. It was originally incorporated as Sony Ericsson, but Sony acquired Ericssons share in the venture on February 16,2012, Sony Mobile Communications has research and development facilities in Kenya, Africa, Chennai, India, Lund, Sweden, Beijing, China and Silicon Valley, USA. Sony Mobile was the fourth-largest smartphone manufacturer by market share in the quarter of 2012 with 9.8 million units shipped. In the United States, Ericsson partnered with General Electric in the nineties as Ericsson Mobile Communications, primarily to establish a US presence. Ericsson had decided to obtain chips for its phones from a single source—a Philips facility in New Mexico, on March 17,2000, a fire at the Philips factory contaminated the sterile facility. Philips assured Ericsson and Nokia that production would be delayed for no more than a week, when it became clear that production would actually be compromised for months, Ericsson was faced with a serious shortage. Nokia had already begun to obtain parts from alternative sources, but Ericssons position was much worse as production of current models and the launch of new ones was held up. Ericsson, which had been in the phone market for decades. This was mainly due to fire and its inability to produce cheaper phones like Nokia. To curtail the losses, it considered outsourcing production to Asian companies that could produce the handsets for lower costs, speculation began about a possible sale by Ericsson of its mobile phone division, but the companys president, Kurt Hellström, said it had no plans to do so. Hellström said, Mobile phones are really a core business for Ericsson and we wouldnt be as successful if we didnt have phones. Sony was a player in the worldwide mobile phone market with a share of less than 1 percent in 2000. By August 2001, the two companies had finalised the terms of the merger announced in April, Ericsson contributed a majority of the Ericsson Mobile Communications company, excluding a minor part spun off as Ericsson Mobile Platforms. Sony contributed its entire handset division, the company was to have an initial workforce of 3,500 employees. To this end, it released new models which had built-in digital camera. The joint venture continued to make losses in spite of booming sales. In 2007, the companys first 5-Megapixel camera phone, the Sony Ericsson K850i, was announced followed in 2008 by the Sony Ericsson C905, at Mobile World Congress 2009, Sony Ericsson unveiled the first 12-Megapixel phone, named Satio. In 2005, Sony Ericsson agreed to become the title sponsor for the WTA Tour in a deal worth $88 million US dollars over 6 years
22.
Sony Entertainment
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Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation that is headquartered in Kōnan, Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics, gaming, entertainment, the company is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets. Sony was ranked 116th on the 2015 list of Fortune Global 500 and these make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. The group consists of Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Financial Holdings and others. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the companys current slogan is BE MOVED. Their former slogans were make. believe, like. no. other, Sony has a weak tie to the SMFG keiretsu, the successor to the Mitsui keiretsu. Sony began in the wake of World War II, in 1946, Masaru Ibuka started an electronics shop in a department store building in Tokyo. The company had $530 in capital and a total of eight employees, in the following year he was joined by his colleague, Akio Morita, and they founded a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo 東京通信工業. The company built Japans first tape recorder, called the Type-G, in 1958 the company changed its name to Sony. When Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo was looking for a name to use to market themselves, they strongly considered using their initials. The primary reason they did not is that the railway company Tokyo Kyuko was known as TTK, the company occasionally used the acronym Totsuko in Japan, but during his visit to the United States, Morita discovered that Americans had trouble pronouncing that name. Another early name that was tried out for a while was Tokyo Teletech until Akio Morita discovered that there was an American company already using Teletech as a brand name, the name Sony was chosen for the brand as a mix of two words. One was the Latin word sonus, which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other was sonny, a common slang term used in 1950s America to call a boy. In the 1950s Japan sonny boys, was a word into Japanese which connoted smart and presentable young men. The first Sony-branded product, the TR-55 transistor radio, appeared in 1955, at the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman letters to spell its name instead of writing it in kanji. The move was not without opposition, TTKs principal bank at the time and they pushed for a name such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. Akio Morita was firm, however, as he did not want the company tied to any particular industry. Eventually, both Ibuka and Mitsui Banks chairman gave their approval, according to Schiffer, Sonys TR-63 radio cracked open the U. S. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics
23.
Sony Pictures
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Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. is an American entertainment company that produces, acquires and distributes filmed entertainment through multiple platforms. It operates as a subsidiary of Sony Entertainment Inc. which is the parent company for both the music and motion picture businesses of Sony Corporation, based in Culver City, California, it encompasses Sonys motion picture, television production and distribution units. Its group sales in the fiscal year 2015 has been reported to be of $8.3 billion, Sony Pictures film franchises include Spider-Man, Men in Black, Underworld, Resident Evil, and Robert Langdon. Sony Pictures is one of Hollywoods major film studios and a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, on September 1,1987, The Coca-Cola Company announced plans to spin-off its assets of Columbia Pictures, which it had owned since 1982. Under this arrangement, Coca-Cola would sell its entertainment assets to TriStar Pictures, Tri-Star would be renamed to Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. with Coca-Cola owning 49%, its shareholders owning 31%, and Tri-Stars shareholders owning 20%. A new company was formed in early 1988 with the Tri-Star name to take over the studios operations, on September 28,1989, Sony obtained an option to purchase all of The Coca-Cola Companys stock in CPE for $27 per share. This was all led by Norio Ohga, who was the president, the hiring of Guber and Peters by Sony to run Columbia was conflicted by a previous contract the producers had signed at Warner Bros. Time Warners chairman, Steve Ross, threatened Sony with a lawsuit for breach of contract, the lawsuit would be subsequently dropped when Sony sold half-interest in Columbia House and cable distribution rights to Columbias feature films, TV movies, and miniseries to Warner Bros. Said agreement also saw Columbia sell its 35% interest in the Burbank Studios, on November 8,1989, Sony completed the acquisition by a short-form merger of its wholly owned subsidiary Sony Columbia Acquisition Corporation into CPE under Delaware law. Sony also completed a tender offer for shares of stock of the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company on November 6,1989. The acquisition cost Sony $4.9 billion and was backed by five major Japanese banks Mitsui, Tokyo, Fuji, Mitsubishi, the company was renamed Sony Pictures Entertainment on August 7,1991. On June 4,2008, SPEs wholly owned group 2JS Productions B. V. acquired Dutch production company 2waytraffic N. V. famous for Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. and You Are What You Eat for £114.3 million. In 2011, the Sony Pictures computer network was breached and approximately one million user accounts associated with the SonyPictures. com website were leaked. On November 21,2013, SPE and Sony Entertainments CEO Michael Lynton announced that SPE will shift emphasis from movies to television by cutting its 2014 film slate, on January 22,2014, SPE folded its technology unit into its various cores of its businesses. On February 6,2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment, through their legal name Columbia TriStar Warner Filmes de Portugal Ltda. announced that they close their offices in Portugal on March 31. On November 20,2015, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment announced that they will release Ultra HD Blu-ray releases, the first set will be in early 2016 and will include film and television content. In November 2014, the Sony Pictures computer network was compromised by a group of hackers named Guardians of Peace, disabling many computers. Later the same week, five of Sony Pictures movies were leaked, including some not yet released, as well as confidential data about 47,000 current and former Sony employees
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Sony/ATV Music Publishing
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Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment. The company was founded as a division of Associated Television in 1955 by Lew Grade, in 1985, Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $47.5 million. In December 1995, Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing, in 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $2.2 billion. Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company, following the acquisition, the company became the largest music publisher in the world, with a library of over two million songs under its administration. On March 14,2016, Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estates stake in the company, the deal was completed on September 30,2016. Sony/ATV was founded as a subsidiary of the UKs Associated Television, ATV operated a commercial television company, broadcasting from 1955 in London and the English Midlands as part of the Independent Television network. Business tycoon Louis Benjamin was involved with Lew Grade as part of one of the four major companies in the UK at the time. The company was Pye Records which, along with EMI, Philips, in 1959, ATV acquired 50% of Pye Records. Between them, Grade and Benjamin held most of the shares, ATV Music Publishing was created to exploit the catalogue of songs written by artists on the Pye Record label, and for the themes to ITC and ATV television programmes. The UK rights to some of the rock n roll music from the US were also bought by ATV, Grade established ATVs headquarters alongside those of Pye Records, off Edgware Road, beside the Marble Arch in central London. The 1950s and 1960s was a period for Grade and his brothers, Bernard Delfont and Leslie Grade. Pye Records had major artists of the period under contract, the Searchers, The Kinks, Donovan, Mungo Jerry, and Petula Clark were some of the artists that recorded for Pye Records. Pye also had contracts with several US companies, allowing them to manufacture, chess Records was among those, and counted Chuck Berry as one of its top artists. ATV Music acquired the rights to the Lennon–McCartney song catalogue, Northern Songs, the catalog featured almost every song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney until The Beatles legal split in 1971. Northern Songs had been co-owned and administered by Brian Epstein and Dick James, following Epsteins death in 1967, James put the company up for sale. Lennon and McCartney, upset that the songs they had written were not theirs legally and their bid to gain control, part of a long and acrimonious fight, failed. The financial clout of Grade, their adversary in the bidding war, ATV Music Publishing remained a successful organization in the music industry throughout the 1970s. Len Beadle, the chief executive, signed up many songwriters
25.
Sony Financial Holdings
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Sony Financial Holdings Inc. is a holding company for Sonys financial services business. It owns and oversees the operation of Sony Life Insurance, Sony Assurance, Sony Bank, Sony Bank Securities and Sony Life Insurance
26.
Sony Life
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Sony Life Insurance Co. Ltd. is a Japanese insurance company, founded in 1979 and headquartered in Tokyo. Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co. Ltd. was established in August 1979 as a joint venture between Sony and Prudential Financial and this company began operations in April 1981 with its Lifeplanner system. Sony and Prudential agreed to end their joint venture in July 1987, in September 1987, Sony Prudential Life was renamed to Sony Pruco Life Insurance Co, Ltd. In April 1991, Sony renamed this company to Sony Life Insurance Co, Sony Life established Sony Life Insurance Corporation in August 1998. The company is an owned subsidiary of Sony Life. In 2001, Sony Life accounted for 5% of Sonys overall revenue, Sony Life opened an office in Beijing in October 2008. It opened an office in Taipei in July 2009, Sony Financial Sony Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Business Report 2004 Sony Life Insurance Corporation
27.
Sony Bank
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Sony Bank is a Japanese commercial bank established in April 2001. It operates as a bank and has no physical branches or ATMs. It is a subsidiary of Sony Financial and a member of the Japanese electronics company Sony and its main business is offering online banking with foreign currency deposits, investment trusts, and home loans. A reduction in regulations in Japan at the end of the 1990s encouraged a number of companies to enter the banking sector for the first time, Sony faced challenges as it began Sony Bank. In 2001, when Sony Bank was founded, Web use was limited in Japan as compared with the United States, only 24 million people used the Internet every month at that time. Still, the company remained hopeful that infrastructure would improve, Sony claimed its move into banking went hand-in-hand with its shift from a manufacturing focus to a focus on content such as films and music. Sony announced its new banking unit in March 2000, the bank started doing business on June 11,2001. The company began with ¥37.5 billion of capital and it had around 80 employees at the time. It added 340 online accounts during its first hour of operation, at the time, the company offered yen-deposit accounts, investment trusts, card loans, and bank payments. It hoped to expand into foreign currency accounts, credit cards. It also hoped to allow its customers to use automated teller machines from the Japan Post, in 2001, Sony Bank hoped to accumulate 400,000 customers by 2004. In February 2001, the company had hoped to accumulate $5.2 billion in deposits, in February 2001, the company aimed to gain $8.6 billion in deposits by 2006. Analysts at the time were generally upbeat about the prospects for the bank, raymond H. Graber of TowerGroup suggested the bank could synergize with the other operations of Sony Financial. Still, Paul Jamieson of Gomez Advisors warned that customers would have high expectations for Sony Bank, given Sonys existing reputation for the ease of use, shigeru Ishii was appointed and served as the first president of Sony Bank. As of 2005 the company faced weak earnings, by 2007, Sony Bank had accumulated 500,000 customers. That year, Sony planned to add an online brokerage, in 2011, Sony group considering extending this subsidiary into the Australian market. However it abandoned those plans in 2013, upon the banks founding in 2001, Sony owned 80% of the company. By 2005, its stake had risen to 84. 2%, when JP Morgan Chase sold its stake, Sony increased its ownership to 87. 4%
28.
Betacam
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Betacam is a family of half-inch professional videocassette products developed by Sony in 1982. In colloquial use, Betacam singly is often used to refer to a Betacam camcorder, a Betacam tape, the cassettes are available in two sizes, S and L. The Betacam camcorder can only load S magnetic tapes, while television studio sized video tape recorders designed for video editing can play both S and L tapes, the cassette shell and case for each Betacam cassette is colored differently depending on the format, allowing for easy visual identification. There is also a key, that allows a video tape recorder to identify which format has been inserted. The smaller S cassettes use the form factor as Betamax. The format supplanted the three-quarter-inch U-Matic format, which Sony had introduced in 1971, in addition to improvements in video quality, the Betacam configuration of an integrated professional video camera/recorder led to its rapid adoption by electronic news gathering organizations. DigiBeta, the name for Digital Betacam, went on to become the single most successful professional broadcast digital recording video tape format in history. The original Betacam format was launched on August 7,1982, a blank Betamax-branded tape will work on a Betacam deck, and a Betacam-branded tape can be used to record in a Betamax deck. However, in later years Sony discouraged this practice, suggesting, in particular, the guide rollers tend to be noisy. Another common point between Betamax and Betacam is the placement of the linear audio tracks. Also, some Betacam and Betamax portables share the same batteries, Betacam was initially introduced as a camera line along with a video cassette player. The first cameras were the BVP-3, which utilized three saticon tubes, and the BVP1, which used a single tri-stripe Trinicon tube, both these cameras could be operated standalone, or with their docking companion VTR, the BVV-1, to form the BVW-1 integrated camcorder. The only transport controls on the deck were Eject and Rewind, the docked cameras VTR button started and paused the tape recorder. Later the Betacam SP docking decks had full transport controls but tapes could not be played back except in the viewfinder in black-and-white only. Sony then came out with the Play Adapter, a portable unit that connected via a multi-pin cable and had a composite video out jack for color playback. At first color playback required the studio source deck, the BVW-10 and it was primarily designed as a feeder deck for A/B roll edit systems, usually for editing to a one-inch Type C or three-quarter-inch U-matic cassette edit master tape. There was also the BVW-20 field playback deck, which was a unit with DC power and a handle. Unlike the BVW-10, it did not have a built in Time Base Corrector, or TBC, with the popular success of the Betacam system as a news acquisition format, the line was soon extended to include the BVW-15 studio player, and the BVW-40 Studio Edit Recorder
29.
Blu-ray
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Blu-ray or Blu-ray Disc is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format, in that it is capable of storing high-definition, the plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Conventional Blu-ray Disc discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs being the standard for feature-length video discs. Triple-layer discs and quadruple layers are available for BD-XL re-writer drives, the name Blu-ray refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs. The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as films and physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4. Besides the hardware specifications, Blu-ray is associated with a set of multimedia formats, high-definition video may be stored on Blu-ray discs with up to 2160p resolution, at up to 60 frames per second. DVD discs had been limited to a resolution of 480p or 576p. The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan. Afterwards, it continued to be developed until its release in June 2006. During the high definition disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the company that supported HD DVD, conceded in February 2008. According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the US were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales, Blu-ray faces competition from video on demand and the continued sale of DVDs. As of January 2016, 44% of U. S. broadband households had a Blu-ray player, the information density of the DVD format was limited by the wavelength of the laser diodes used. Following protracted development, blue laser diodes operating at 405 nanometers became available on a production basis, Sony started two projects in collaboration with Philips applying the new diodes, UDO, and DVR Blue, a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-ray Disc. The core technologies of the formats are similar, the first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000 by Sony. A trademark for the Blue Disc logo was filed February 9,2001, on February 19,2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded by the nine initial members. The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10,2003, the Sony BDZ-S77, but there was no standard for prerecorded video, and no movies were released for this player. On October 4,2004, the name Blu-ray Disc Founders was officially changed to the Blu-ray Disc Association, the Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004
30.
Bravia (brand)
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BRAVIA is a brand of Sony Visual Products Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and used for its television products. Its backronym is Best Resolution Audio Visual Integrated Architecture, all Sony high-definition flat-panel LCD televisions in North America have carried the logo for BRAVIA since 2005. BRAVIA replaces the LCD WEGA which Sony used for their LCD TVs until Summer 2005, the brand is also used on mobile phones in North American, Japanese and European markets. In 2014, in part of Hirais plans to turn Sony around, noteworthy for being the first Android TV available. In September 2016, Sony announced that TVs older than 2012 will lose access to YouTube, in April 2007, Sony launched the BRAVIA TDM-IP1, a docking cradle to permit playback of audio and video hosted on an Apple iPod on a BRAVIA model television. Current accessories available include a Skype camera and Wi-Fi adapter, Sony Bravia Internet Video first became available in late 2009 on Internet enabled Bravia TVs, later becoming available on Sony Blu-ray and home theatre systems. The original Bravia Internet Video was built around Sonys XMB interface and had several streaming media partners including, Amazon Video On Demand, YouTube,2011 saw a revamp of Bravia Internet Video, with a rework of the interface and an added Skype capability. Sony Bravia Internet TV is the first TV to incorporate Google TV, XBR8 is a series of Sony BRAVIA LCD High Definition Televisions. They were released into the US marketplace starting in September 2008, the 46- and 55-inch models of the XBR8 series features an RGB LED backlight system which Sony calls Triluminos. The new backlight system is claimed to provide a truer and higher color spectrum and this model also marked the debut of Sonys new video processor, the BRAVIA Engine 2 Pro. The display panel uses ten-bit processing and offers the 120 Hz MotionFlow technology, the XBR8 line offers two screen sizes, the 46 was released on September 29,2008. The second model, the 55 became available for order in October 2008, for consumers who rely on electricity generated from carbon dioxide emitting sources, it reduces carbon dioxide emissions totaling 79 kilograms a year. Sony uses a BRAVIA image processing engine in high-end mobile devices produced by its Sony Ericsson communications arm, subsequent flagship models of Sonys smartphone range such as the Xperia S, and Xperia Z use enhanced versions of the BRAVIA engine. In addition, BRAVIA brand phones have been produced by Sony/Sony Ericsson, BRAVIA brand phones are able to watch 1seg terrestrial television. For NTT DoCoMo FOMA SO903iTV FOMA SO906i FOMA SO-01C For au by KDDI U1 S004 S005 The LCD panels within BRAVIA TVs are manufactured by Sony corporation with a special architecture. Since 2010, high end Bravia LX, HX and selected NX series use 10th gen Sony Bravia ASV panel, the 8th gen SPVA panel from Sony LCD continue to serve other midrange and budget Bravia models. Many Sony televisions with USB connectivity run Linux, the software can be upgraded via a USB type A interface labeled DMEx / service only and via the Internet for later models. 2006–2007 models may be updated using Memory Stick or USB, depending upon the country and TV standard the Tuner may need a Service Device to update it
31.
Compact disc
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Compact disc is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-developed by Philips and Sony. The format was developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data. The first commercially available Audio CD player, the Sony CDP-101, was released October 1982 in Japan, standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres, they are used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio. At the time of the introduction in 1982, a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard drive. By 2010, hard drives commonly offered as much space as a thousand CDs. In 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs, by 2007,200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time. American inventor James T. Russell has been credited with inventing the first system to record information on an optical transparent foil that is lit from behind by a high-power halogen lamp. Russells patent application was first filed in 1966, and he was granted a patent in 1970, following litigation, Sony and Philips licensed Russells patents in the 1980s. The compact disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s, although originally dismissed by Philips Research management as a trivial pursuit, the CD became the primary focus for Philips as the LaserDisc format struggled. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new audio disc. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the Red Book CD-DA standard was published in 1980, after their commercial release in 1982, compact discs and their players were extremely popular. Despite costing up to $1,000, over 400,000 CD players were sold in the United States between 1983 and 1984, by 1988 CD sales in the United States surpassed those of vinyl LPs, and by 1992 CD sales surpassed those of prerecorded music cassette tapes. The success of the disc has been credited to the cooperation between Philips and Sony, who came together to agree upon and develop compatible hardware. The unified design of the disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company. In 1974, L. However, due to the performance of the analog format
32.
Cell (microprocessor)
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It was developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM, an alliance known as STI. Cell is shorthand for Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, commonly abbreviated CBEA in full or Cell BE in part, the first major commercial application of Cell was in Sonys PlayStation 3 game console. Mercury Computer Systems has a dual Cell server, a dual Cell blade configuration, a computer. Toshiba had announced plans to incorporate Cell in high definition television sets, for these reasons, Cell is widely regarded as a challenging environment for software development. IBM provides a Linux-based development platform to help developers program for Cell chips, the architecture will not be widely used unless it is adopted by the software development community. However, Cells strengths may make it useful for scientific computing regardless of its mainstream success, in mid-2000, Sony Computer Entertainment, Toshiba Corporation, and IBM formed an alliance known as STI to design and manufacture the processor. The STI Design Center opened in March 2001, the Cell was designed over a period of four years, using enhanced versions of the design tools for the POWER4 processor. Over 400 engineers from the three worked together in Austin, with critical support from eleven of IBMs design centers. During this period, IBM filed many patents pertaining to the Cell architecture, manufacturing process, Each Processing Element contained 8 APUs, which are now referred to as SPEs on the current Broadband Engine chip. This chip package was widely regarded to run at a speed of 4 GHz and with 32 APUs providing 32 gigaFLOPS each. This design was fabricated using a 90 nm SOI process, in March 2007, IBM announced that the 65 nm version of Cell BE is in production at its plant in East Fishkill, New York. Bandai Namco Entertainment used the processor for their 357 arcade board as well as the subsequent 369. In February 2008, IBM announced that it begin to fabricate Cell processors with the 45 nm process. In May 2008, IBM introduced the high-performance double-precision floating-point version of the Cell processor, the worlds three most energy efficient supercomputers, as represented by the Green500 list, are similarly based on the PowerXCell 8i. The 45 nm Cell processor was introduced in concert with Sonys PlayStation 3 Slim in August 2009, by November 2009, IBM had discontinued the development of a Cell processor with 32 APUs but was still developing other Cell products. On May 17,2005, Sony Computer Entertainment confirmed some specifications of the Cell processor that would be shipping in the then-forthcoming PlayStation 3 console and this Cell configuration has one PPE on the core, with eight physical SPEs in silicon. The target clock-frequency at introduction is 3.2 GHz, the introductory design is fabricated using a 90 nm SOI process, with initial volume production slated for IBMs facility in East Fishkill, New York. The relationship between cores and threads is a source of confusion
33.
Cyber-shot
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Cyber-shot is Sonys line of point-and-shoot digital cameras introduced in 1996. Cyber-shot model names use a DSC prefix, which is an initialism for Digital Still Camera, many Cyber-shot models feature Carl Zeiss trademarked lenses, while others use Sony, or Sony G lenses. All Cyber-shot cameras accept Sonys proprietary Memory Stick or Memory Stick PRO Duo flash memory, select models have also supported CompactFlash. Current Cyber-shot cameras support Memory Stick PRO Duo, SD, SDHC, currently the W and T-series use Sony N-type batteries While most H-series use G-type batteries. From 2006 to 2009, Sony Ericsson used the Cyber-shot brand in a line of mobile phones, on March 31,2012 Sony unveiled the Sony Cybershot DSC W690 as the worlds thinnest 10x optical zoom camera. Some Cyber-shot models can take 3D stills by shooting two images using two different focus settings, the technology uses one lens only for the process, and users can later see the images on a 3D TV or on a regular 2D screen. The cameras have been available since 2010, cyber-Shot models such as the DSC-HX20V and the DSC-HX200V have a built-in GPS so the user can have their photos automatically geotagged as they are being taken. The feature can also serve as a compass as it shows the position on the camera screen. Tru Black is a developed by Sony which allows a better visualization of the screen, even when there is too much light. It enables LCD screens to change the display contrast in order to enhance the controlling reflectance. In other words, when light hits a display with Tru Black technology, all current Cyber-shot cameras are equipped with a panoramic technology branded as Sweep Panorama, which enables the user to capture wide format photographs using only one lens. The photos can be taken and displayed in 2D or 3D, Sony Alpha Sony SmartShot Sony Picture Motion Browser
34.
Sony Dash
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The Dash is a device manufactured by Sony that connects using Wi-Fi to the Internet. It has a screen which the user can use to browse information or listen to music. It is not a portable device since it not have an internal battery. It is positioned as an internet viewer which can act as an alarm clock, Internet radio, digital photo frame. It has applications which can be downloaded onto the device and these are the same as those supported by the Chumby device. Sony announced the Dash at the 2010 Consumer Electronics Show and it was made available for sale in late April 2010. Originally the device was only usable in the United States, with users in other countries being locked out with the message Error, on June 25, Sony released a software upgrade allowing Dash to be used in other countries, however subsequently restricted international service again in November 2011. The device does not have international power settings, and can only be powered by mains electricity of 120 V60 Hz, Sony introduced two updated versions of the Dash hardware in September 2011. The HID-B7 and HID-B70 refreshed the hardware, with the HID-B70 adding a battery backup and this revision of the Dash device removed Netflix and YouTube streaming support. While there has no public response from the company, such service returned on April 24,2015. As of March 2016, Sony continued to provide limited support for the Dash, such as promised fixes for a leap year issue, hands-Off With the Sony Dash Touchscreen Frame Wired CES, Will Sony work well with others. EETimes Meet the Sony Dash, The Latest Tablet to Debut at CES Network World Dash product home page Dash FAQ
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Sony Dream Machine
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Sony Dream Machine is Sony Electronics long-running line of clock radios. Models range from basic AM/FM models to more expensive models sporting iPod/iPhone docking, a LCD screen, described as an assimilation of an alarm clock with a digital photo frame and an iPod dock, the ICF-CL75iP was released in October 2009. Endgadget knocked the limited support, but lauded the attractive design. They also suggested Sony should add Chumby widget support, a wish Sony later granted with their Dash alarm clock. CNet Australia felt that although it was missing some features consumers might expect from stand-alone devices, with a round face and slide-in iPod dock, Gizmodo called the ICF-CD3iP the most attractive iPhone/iPod Clock/Radio Dock Ive seen yet. Laptopmag. com called the models speakers subpar, but stated that the design, retro CD tray. A practical clock radio with super big display for easy reading and it features two independent alarms - one for you, one for your partner. Can wake to radio or buzzer, the ICF-C318 has a 0.9 green LED display, which is easily viewable from across the room, but takes up very little space. Other features include extendable snooze bar, built-in calendar and full power back up. Battery Life, Up to 250 Days, built-in lithium battery for power backup. On top of this, this dream machine features automatic daylight saving adjustment, AM/FM radio,12 hour system, built-in Ferrite bar antenna for AM, wire antenna for FM, on Amazon, this products is rated as 4/5 stars. Sony Dream Machine alarm clock radio FM/MW/LW CD player ICF-CD843,8 cm Orange LED display with different brightness options. 9 x 6.9 x 6.8 inches Weight,4.2 pounds 25 Programmable station memories for easy access, Headphone Jack for adding an optional stereo headphone. Triple Alarm -3 Times/3 Modes, snooze FM, AM radio Headphone jack Boost button for Bass. CD853V has provision for TV & weather stations, - colours, blue-silver version, Black-silver version, white-silver version. + good for one person basic needs of entertainment, + easy to assign radio stations. + snooze button is bigger with features that can be found by touch & eye closed, in case of power cut, no alarm. - Retro feature, volumn control with a dial, at the side, - looking for radio stations take times
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DVD
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DVD is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of data and is widely used for software. DVDs offer higher capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD, such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased. Blank recordable DVD discs can be recorded using a DVD recorder. Rewritable DVDs can be recorded and erased many times, DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs. The OED also states that in 1995, The companies said the name of the format will simply be DVD. Toshiba had been using the name ‘digital video disk’, but that was switched to ‘digital versatile disk’ after computer companies complained that it left out their applications, Digital versatile disc is the explanation provided in a DVD Forum Primer from 2000 and in the DVD Forums mission statement. There were several formats developed for recording video on optical discs before the DVD, Optical recording technology was invented by David Paul Gregg and James Russell in 1958 and first patented in 1961. A consumer optical disc data format known as LaserDisc was developed in the United States and it used much larger discs than the later formats. CD Video used analog video encoding on optical discs matching the established standard 120 mm size of audio CDs, Video CD became one of the first formats for distributing digitally encoded films in this format, in 1993. In the same year, two new optical disc formats were being developed. By the time of the launches for both formats in January 1995, the MMCD nomenclature had been dropped, and Philips and Sony were referring to their format as Digital Video Disc. Representatives from the SD camp asked IBM for advice on the system to use for their disc. Alan E. Bell, a researcher from IBMs Almaden Research Center, got that request and this group was referred to as the Technical Working Group, or TWG. On August 14,1995, an ad hoc group formed from five computer companies issued a release stating that they would only accept a single format. The TWG voted to both formats unless the two camps agreed on a single, converged standard. They recruited Lou Gerstner, president of IBM, to pressure the executives of the warring factions, as a result, the DVD specification provided a storage capacity of 4.7 GB for a single-layered, single-sided disc and 8.5 GB for a dual-layered, single-sided disc
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Exmor
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Exmor is the name of a technology Sony implemented on some of their CMOS image sensors. It performs on-chip analog/digital signal conversion and two-step noise reduction in parallel on each column of the CMOS sensor, Exmor R is a back-illuminated version of Sonys CMOS image sensor. This active pixel sensor is found in several Sony mobile phones, the Exmor R sensor allows the camera of the smartphone to capture high definition movies and stills in low lit areas. Exmor RS is a stacked CMOS image sensor announced by Sony on 20 August 2012 Sony BIONZ Sony HAD CCD Nikon EXPEED Toshiba CMOS Samsung CMOS OmniVision
38.
FeliCa
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FeliCa is a contactless RFID smart card system from Sony in Japan, primarily used in electronic money cards. The name stands for Felicity Card, first utilized in the Octopus card system in Hong Kong, the technology is used in a variety of cards also in countries such as Singapore, Japan and the United States. FeliCas encryption key is generated each time mutual authentication is performed. FeliCa is externally powered, i. e. it does not need a battery to operate, the card uses power supplied from the special FeliCa card reader when the card comes in range. When the data transfer is complete, the reader will stop the supply of power, FeliCa was proposed for ISO/IEC14443 Type C but was rejected. However, ISO/IEC18092 uses some similar modulation methods and it uses Manchester coding at 212 kbit/s in the 13.56 MHz range. A proximity of 10 centimeters or less is required for communication, FeliCa complies with JIS, X6319-4, Specification of implementation for integrated circuit cards - Part 4, High speed proximity cards. The standard is regulated by JICSAP, the UK IT security evaluation and certification scheme provides more detail as to the internal architecture of the FeliCa card. FeliCa IC card and its system has obtained ISO15408 Evaluation Assurance Level 4. FeliCa is also included as a condition of the NFC Forum Specification Compliance, the next generation of FeliCa IC chip announced in June 2011 will have enhanced security adopting the Advanced Encryption Standard encryption. Sony claims the next generation chip will have a performance, reliability. FeliCa supports simultaneous access of up to 8 blocks, if an IC card is moved outside of the power-supplied area during the session, the FeliCa card automatically discards incomplete data to restore the previous state. Mobile FeliCa is a modification of FeliCa for use in mobile phones by FeliCa Networks, DoCoMo has developed a wallet phone concept based on Mobile FeliCa and has developed a wide network of partnerships and business models. Au and SoftBank have also licensed mobile FeliCa from FeliCa Networks, using Osaifu-Keitai, multiple FeliCa systems can be accessed from a single mobile phone. On January 28,2006, au introduced Mobile Suica which is used primarily on the networks owned by JR East. On Sept 7,2016, Apple announced Apple Pay now features FeliCa technology, iPhone 7 and Apple Watch Series 2 users can now add Suica cards into their Apple Pay wallets and tap their phones just like regular Suica cards. Users can either transfer the balance from a physical Suica card to the Apple Pay wallet, Sony has built a FeliCa reader/writer known as FeliCa Port into their VAIO PC line. Using the device, FeliCa cards can be used over the Internet for shopping and charging FeliCa cards, an external USB FeliCa PC reader/writer has been released as well, called PaSoRi
