1.
National Paralympic Committee
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A National Paralympic Committee is a national constituent of the worldwide Paralympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Paralympic Committee, NPCs are responsible for organizing their peoples participation in the Paralympic Games, there are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which are held immediately following their respective Olympic Games, in the same host city. As of 2012, there are 174 NPC members of the IPC, only NPCs in good standing may enter athletes in the Paralympic Games. Within countries, some NPCs serve as the governing body for one or more sports
2.
Puerto Rico at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
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Puerto Rico competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. The delegation consisted of three competitors, one track and field athlete, one sailor, and one sport shooter, the country won one medal, a bronze. One Puerto Rican athlete, Julio Reguero, competed in the single-person 2. 4mR keelboat event, Reguero finished in ninth place out of sixteen sailors
3.
Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico, officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea. It is an archipelago that includes the island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones such as Mona, Culebra. The capital and most populous city is San Juan and its official languages are Spanish and English, though Spanish predominates. The islands population is approximately 3.4 million, Puerto Ricos rich history, tropical climate, diverse natural scenery, renowned traditional cuisine, and attractive tax incentives make it a popular destination for travelers from around the world. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the ethnic, cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African captives, and Canarian. In the Spanish imperial imagination, Puerto Rico played a secondary, in 1898, following the Spanish–American War, the United States appropriated Puerto Rico together with most former Spanish colonies under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Puerto Ricans are natural-born citizens of the United States, however, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. As a U. S. territory, American citizens residing on the island are disenfranchised at the level and may not vote for president. However, Congress approved a constitution, allowing U. S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor. A fifth referendum will be held in June 2017, with only Statehood, in early 2017, the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government. The outstanding bond debt that had climbed to $70 billion or $12,000 per capita at a time with 12. 4% unemployment, the debt had been increasing during a decade long recession. Puerto Ricans often call the island Borinquen – a derivation of Borikén, its indigenous Taíno name, the terms boricua and borincano derive from Borikén and Borinquen respectively, and are commonly used to identify someone of Puerto Rican heritage. The island is also known in Spanish as la isla del encanto. Columbus named the island San Juan Bautista, in honor of Saint John the Baptist, eventually traders and other maritime visitors came to refer to the entire island as Puerto Rico, while San Juan became the name used for the main trading/shipping port and the capital city. The islands name was changed to Porto Rico by the United States after the Treaty of Paris of 1898, the anglicized name was used by the US government and private enterprises. The name was changed back to Puerto Rico by a joint resolution in Congress introduced by Félix Córdova Dávila in 1931, the ancient history of the archipelago known today as Puerto Rico is not well known. The scarce archaeological findings and early Spanish scholarly accounts from the colonial era constitute the basis of knowledge about them. The first comprehensive book on the history of Puerto Rico was written by Fray Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra in 1786, the first settlers were the Ortoiroid people, an Archaic Period culture of Amerindian hunters and fishermen who migrated from the South American mainland
4.
Paralympic Games
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There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which since the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, South Korea, are held almost immediately following the respective Olympic Games. All Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee, the Paralympics has grown from a small gathering of British World War II veterans in 1948 to become one of the largest international sporting events by the early 21st century. Paralympians strive for equal treatment with non-disabled Olympic athletes, but there is a funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic athletes. Given the wide variety of disabilities that Paralympic athletes have, there are categories in which the athletes compete. The allowable disabilities are broken down into ten eligible impairment types and these categories are further broken down into classifications, which vary from sport to sport. The first athlete to do so was German American gymnast George Eyser in 1904, hungarian Karoly Takacs competed in shooting events in both the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. He was an amputee and could shoot left-handed. The first organized athletic day for disabled athletes that coincided with the Olympic Games took place on the day of the opening of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, the first games were called the 1948 International Wheelchair Games, and were intended to coincide with the 1948 Olympics. Dr. Guttmans aim was to create a sports competition for people with disabilities that would be equivalent to the Olympic Games. The games were again at the same location in 1952. These early competitions, also known as the Stoke Mandeville Games, have described as the precursors of the Paralympic Games. There have been milestones in the Paralympic movement. The first official Paralympic Games, no longer open solely to war veterans, was held in Rome in 1960,400 athletes from 23 countries competed at the 1960 Games. Since 1960, the Paralympic Games have taken place in the year as the Olympic Games. The Games were initially only to athletes in wheelchairs, at the 1976 Summer Games, athletes with different disabilities were included for the first time at a Summer Paralympics. With the inclusion of more disability classifications the 1976 Summer Games expanded to 1,600 athletes from 40 countries, the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea, was another milestone for the Paralympic movement. It was in Seoul that the Paralympic Summer Games were held directly after the Olympic Summer Games, in the same host city and this set a precedent that was followed in 1992,1996 and 2000. It was eventually formalized in an agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee in 2001, and was extended through 2020
5.
1988 Summer Paralympics
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The 1988 Summer Paralympics, were the first Paralympics in 24 years to take place in the same city as the Olympic Games. They took place in Seoul, South Korea and this was the first time the term Paralympic came into official use. The 1988 Summer Paralympics were the first Paralympic Games to be held under the aegis of the International Co-ordinating Committee, the ICC was accepted into the Olympic Family, which allowed greater co-operation by National Olympic Committees in regards to the organization of Paralympic Games. The SLOOC gave a subsidy of $12,857,143 US dollars, the Seoul Paralympic Organizing Committee designed the first Paralympic Symbol which was used from 1988-1994. The Five teardrops in the W configuration and colours of the Olympic rings represented the five oceans and this symbol was eventually changed in 1994, as it was considered to be too close to the International Olympic Committees 5-ring emblem. The 1988 Seoul Paralympic Games is considered as the genesis of the Modern Paralympic Games, during the Opening Ceremony there were more than 75,000 people within the Olympic Stadium with a then record of 3,057 competitors from 61 nations. The President of South Korea, Roh Tae-Woo, presented the new Paralympic flag to the President of the ICC, paul Croft, competing in his second Paralympic Games, was the flag bearer for Australia during the Opening Ceremony. Parachutists in the Paralympic colors of blue, black, red, yellow, the Seoul Paralympic Games were not without controversies. The Iranian goalball team were disqualified for refusing to play against the Israeli team and it was deemed that the Iranian team had misused the sporting platform for political aims by the ICC who made immediate arrangements to send the team home. A Libyan team arrived at the Seoul Paralympic Games without having gone through the entry procedures. The SPOC urged the ICC to accept the Libyan team and a compromise was reached and they could compete in the marathon event, however they would not have any medal entitlement, nor would they be officially recognized at the Closing Ceremony. Twenty-seven athletes were awarded medals after the first round of competition in the mens and womens wheelchair slalom event. The mistake was discovered when officials realised that the medals should not have been awarded until after a round of competition. The games consisted of events in seventeen sports, including one demonstration sport, powerlifting and weightlifting were considered to be a single sport. The host nation, South Korea, is highlighted, sixty delegations took part in the Seoul Paralympics. Burma, which had part in the previous Games, was absent. The Seoul Paralympics occurred mere weeks after the 8888 Uprising and the coup which brought the State Peace. Burma would return as Myanmar in 1992, the Soviet Union made its Summer Paralympic début, having previously taken part in the 1988 Winter Paralympics
6.
Seoul
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The Seoul Capital Area houses up to half of the countrys population of 50.22 million people with 678,102 international residents. Situated on the Han River, Seouls history stretches back more than two years when it was founded in 18 BCE by Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It continued as the capital of Korea under the Joseon Dynasty, the Seoul Capital Area contains five UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul is surrounded by mountains, the tallest being Mt. Bukhan, in 2015, it was rated Asias most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis. In 2014, the citys GDP per capita of $39,786 was comparable to that of France and Finland. Ranked sixth in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index, Seoul is the worlds most wired city and ranked first in technology readiness by PwCs Cities of Opportunity report. It is served by the KTX high-speed rail and the Seoul Subway, providing 4G LTE, WiFi, Seoul is connected via AREX to Incheon International Airport, rated the worlds best airport nine years in a row by Airports Council International. Lotte World Tower, a 556-metre supertall skyscraper with 123 floors, has built in Seoul and become the OECDs tallest in 2016. Its Lotte Cinema houses the worlds largest cinema screen, Seouls COEX Mall is the worlds largest underground shopping mall. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games,1988 Summer Olympics,2002 FIFA World Cup, the Miss Universe 1980 pageant, a UNESCO City of Design, Seoul was named the 2010 World Design Capital. The city has known in the past by the names Wirye-seong, Hanju. During Japans annexation in Korea, Hanseong was renamed to Keijō by the Imperial authorities to prevent confusion with the hanja 漢, in reality, the ancient name of Seoul, Hanseong, originally had the meaning of big or vast. Its current name originated from the Korean word meaning city, which is believed to be derived from the word Seorabeol, which originally referred to Gyeongju. Unlike most place names in Korea, Seoul has no corresponding hanja, on January 18,2005, Seoul government officially changed its official Chinese language name to Shouer from the historic Hancheng, of which use is becoming less common. Settlement of the Han River area, where present-day Seoul is located, Seoul is first recorded as Wiryeseong, the capital of Baekje in the northeastern Seoul area. There are several city walls remaining in the area date from this time. Pungnaptoseong, a wall just outside Seoul, is widely believed to have been at the main Wiryeseong site. As the Three Kingdoms competed for this region, control passed from Baekje to Goguryeo in the 5th century
7.
Summer Paralympic Games
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The Summer Paralympic Games or the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event, where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, the Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in each event, with medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third. The United States and the United Kingdom have each hosted two Summer Paralympic Games, more than any other nation. Other countries that have hosted the summer Paralympics are Australia, Canada, China, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, in the 2016 Summer Paralympics, Brazil will host the first Summer Games in South America in Rio de Janeiro. Tokyo will be the first city to host the Summer Paralympics more than once,1964 and 2020. Seven of those countries have won at least one medal at every Summer Paralympic Games, Australia, Austria, France, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands. The United States have been the nation for eight of the Paralympic Summer Games,1964,1968,1976,1980,1984,1988,1992 and 1996. China have been the nation for the four most recent Games,2004,2008,2012 and 2016. Italy, West Germany and Australia have been the nation one time each. Qualification rules for each of the Paralympic sports are set by the International Federation that governs that sports international competition, the first official Paralympic Games, was held in Rome in 1960. 400 athletes from 23 countries competed at the 1960 Games though only athletes in wheelchairs competed, at the 1976 Summer Games athletes with different disabilities were included for the first time at a summer Paralympics. With the inclusion of more disability classifications, the 1976 Summer Games expanded to 1,600 athletes from 40 countries, the 1988 Summer Paralympics were the first to be hosted in the same venues as the Olympics of that year. Since then, all Paralympic Games are now held in the city that hosted the Olympics. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event, within the ten disability categories the athletes still need to be divided according to their level of impairment. The classification systems differ from sport to sport, and is intended to even the playing field so as to allow as many athletes to participate as possible, classifications vary in accordance with the different skills required to perform the sport. Archery, Archery is open to athletes with a physical disability, classifications are broken up into three divisions, W1, spinal cord injured and Cerebral Palsy athletes with impairment in all four limbs
8.
Winter Paralympic Games
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The Winter Paralympic Games is an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, the Winter Paralympic Games are held every four years directly following the Winter Olympic Games. The Winter Paralympics are also hosted by the city hosted the Winter Olympics. The International Paralympic Committee oversees the Winter Paralympics, medals are awarded in each event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, following the tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904. The Winter Paralympics began in 1976 in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden and those Games were the first Paralympics that featured athletes other than wheelchair athletes. The Games have expanded and grown to be part of the largest international sporting event after the Olympic Games, given their expansion the need for a very specific classification system has arisen. This system has given rise to controversy and opened the door for cheating. Winter Paralympians have also been convicted of use and other forms of cheating unique to Paralympic athletes. The origins of the Winter Paralympics are similar to the Summer Paralympics, injured soldiers returning from World War II sought sports as an avenue to healing. Over 400 wheelchair athletes competed at the 1960 Paralympic Games, which known as the first Paralympics. Sepp Zwicknagl, a pioneer of sports for disabled athletes, was a double-leg amputee Austrian skier who experimented skiing using prosthetics. His work helped pioneer technological advances for people with disabilities who wished to participate in winter sports, advances were slow and it was not until 1974 that the first official world ski competition for physically impaired athletes, featuring downhill and a cross-country skiing, was held. The first Winter Paralympics were held in 1976 at Örnsköldsvik, Sweden from February 21–28, Alpine and Nordic skiing for amputees and visually impaired athletes where the main events but ice sledge racing was included as a demonstration event. There were 198 participating athletes from 16 countries, and it was the first time athletes with other than wheelchair athletes were permitted to compete. Starting in 1988 the Summer Paralympics were held in the same host city as the Summer Olympic Games and this was due to an agreement reached between the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee. The 1992 Winter Paralympics were the first Winter Games to use the facilities as the Winter Olympics. Athletes have cheated by over-representing impairment to have an advantage. German skier Thomas Oelsner became the first Winter Paralympian to test positive for steroids in 2002 and he had won two gold medals in the alpine events but was stripped of his medals
9.
Puerto Rico at the Olympics
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Puerto Rico first participated at the Olympic Games in 1948, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Notably, despite being an area of the United States, Puerto Rico did not fully participate in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Puerto Rico has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 1984, but missed the Games of 2006,2010, Puerto Rican athletes have won a total of nine medals. Six medals were won in boxing, one in athletics, one in tennis, the National Olympic Committee for Puerto Rico was created in 1948 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year. Category, Olympic competitors for Puerto Rico Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics Puerto Rico at the Paralympics Puerto Rico
10.
International Paralympic Committee
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The International Paralympic Committee is an international non-profit organisation and the global governing body for the Paralympic Movement. The IPC organizes the Paralympic Games and functions as the federation for nine sports. Founded on 22 September 1989 in Düsseldorf, Germany, its mission is To enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire, furthermore, the IPC wants to promote the Paralympic values and to create sport opportunities for all persons with a disability, from beginner to elite level. The IPCs headquarters is located in Bonn, Germany, in the upcoming years, other organizations joined and the need for a democratically guided organization emerged, demanded by the nations participating in the Paralympic Movement. They desired a democratic structure, to national and regional representation. The 1994 Winter Paralympics, Norway, were the first to be organized by the IPC, the word Paralympic derives from the Greek preposition para. and Olympics. The first connotation connected to the para was paralysis or paraplegia. But since the Paralympics cover different disability groups and the association to the Olympic Movement. A fifteen-member Governing Board oversees the IPC between meetings of the General Assembly, dr. Robert D. Steadward became the first President in 1989. Since 2001, Sir Philip Craven is President of the IPC, the number of athletes and nations participating in the Paralympic Games and thus being part of the Paralympic Movement is constantly increasing, along with the audience. Sport for persons with a disability is growing on a national and international level, the International Paralympic Committee has had two presidents to date. Its founding president, who presided it from 1989 to 2001, was the Canadian Robert Steadward and he was succeeded in 2001 by Philip Craven, a British former Paralympic athlete, who remains president as of 2016. The IPC Governing Board consists of 14 members elected at the General Assembly, including the President, two members of the board without voting rights are the co-opted member Bernard Bourigeaud, and the CEO Xavier Gonzalez. The IPC has a board of distinguished individuals who support the IPCs goals and use their profile to raise funds. Chronology of milestones in the development of the International Paralympic Committee, the IPC publishes The Paralympian three times a year. The London 2012 Paralympics and other events related to the Paralympic Movement can be watched on the Internet TV channel for Paralympic Sports created by the IPC. The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, the agreement was adjusted in 2003. An extension was signed in June 2006, a further extension was signed in 2012, valid until 2020
11.
Algeria at the Paralympics
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Algeria made its Paralympic Games début at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, sending two competitors in athletics, and a goalball team. The country has taken part in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since then, algerians have won a total of 38 medals at the Paralympic Games, of which 15 gold,7 silver and 16 bronze. Mohamed Allek won Algerias first two medals at the 1996 Games, in the mens 100m and 200m sprints, T36 category. He won three gold medals, also in sprinting, in 2000. In 2008, Karim Betina again took a gold in the put, as did Kamel Kardjena, while Sid Ali Lamri. * There is one man competitor who participate in Athletics and Goalball, the Algerian athlete who won the most medals in the history of the Paralympic Games, is the Paralympian athlete Samir Nouioua. Notes, in Khaki the athletes still in activity
12.
Angola at the Paralympics
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Angola first competed at the Summer Paralympic Games in 1996, and has competed in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since then. The country has never participated in the Winter Paralympic Games, all Angolan Paralympians have competed in track and field. Angolas first Paralympic medals came in 2004, when Jose Armando Sayovo took three medals in the mens 100m, 200m and 400m sprints in the T11 disability category. Armando competed again at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, and won his countrys only medals of the Games - three silvers, angola will be taking part in the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and the Comite Paralimpico Angolano have chosen Bedford as the UK base for its Paralympians
13.
Botswana at the Paralympics
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Botswana made its Paralympic Games début at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, sending a single representative to compete in athletics. Morama entered only the womens 400m T46 sprint, and won gold, no further athletes from Botswana have competed at the Summer Games, and Botswana has never taken part in the Winter Paralympics - leaving the country with a 100% gold medal success rate so far. After her gold medal in Athens, Morama was due to represent Botswana again at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing and she would have been the countrys only representative. For the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, the country selected a single athlete, visually impaired runner Tshotlego Golden, again, however, Botswana was forced to withdraw at the last moment, mere hours before the opening ceremony. This time the countrys withdrawal was due to the Botswana National Olympic Committee cancelling its financial support, citing financial irregularities in the national Paralympics body
14.
Burkina Faso at the Paralympics
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Burkina Faso made its Paralympic Games début at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, sending a tandem of cyclists, a judoka and a weightlifter. The country was represented by a tandem and a powerlifter in 1996. Burkina Faso did not take part in the 2004 Games, but returned to the Paralympics in 2008, burkina Faso has never taken part in the Winter Paralympics, and no Burkinabé competitor has ever won a Paralympic medal
15.
Cape Verde at the Paralympics
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Cape Verde made its Paralympic Games début at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, with two competitors in track and field, and one in powerlifting. The country sent an athlete to the 2008 Games, to compete in the womens shot put, discus. In Rio de Janeiro 2016, sprinter Gracelino Barbosa won Cape Verdes first Paralympic medal, Cape Verde has never taken part in the Winter Paralympics
16.
Central African Republic at the Paralympics
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The Central African Republic made its Paralympic Games début at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens. It sent an athlete, Thibaut Bomaya, to compete in powerlifting. The country also entered a single-man delegation at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, the Central African Republic has never taken part in the Winter Paralympics, and has never won a Paralympic medal. The Central African Republic will be taking part in the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Central African Republic at the Olympics
17.
Egypt at the Paralympics
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Egypt has been participating in the Paralympic Games since 1972, and has participated in every edition of the Summer Games since then. Egypt was involved early in the Paralympic movement. Egyptians were participating in the Stoke-Mandeville Games by 1954, historically, the Egyptian Paralympic Committee has invested in very few sports. These include on the team side wheelchair basketball, football for the deaf, goalball, on the individual sport side, they have historically supported powerlifting, swimming, athletics and table tennis. Archery, cycling, shooting and lawn bowls are supported only at the national level, Egyptian athletes have won a total of 128 Paralympic medals, of which 41 gold,39 silver and 48 bronze. Egypt has been strong in athletics and powerlifting
18.
Ethiopia at the Paralympics
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Ethiopia’s participation in the Paralympic Games has been sporadic. The country made its Paralympic début at the 1968 Summer Games in Tel Aviv, ethiopia was then absent from the Games for almost a decade, returning in 1976 with a one-man delegation Abraham Habte, who entered athletics, lawn bowls and table tennis. In 1980, Habte was again Ethiopias only representative, this time competing only in lawn bowls, ethiopia then entered a prolonged period of absence, before sending a single runner to the 2004 Games. In 2008, the country entered a two-man delegation in athletics, in 2012, Wondiye Fikre Indelbu became the first Ethiopian to win a medal in the Paralympic Games, winning a silver in the mens 1500 meters - T46 event in athletics. Ethiopia has never participated in the Winter Paralympics
19.
Gabon at the Paralympics
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Gabon made its Paralympic Games début at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, sending a single athlete to compete in track and field. Mabicka entered two events, the 800m race, and the javelin, in the former, he was disqualified, apparently for attempting to race others with a non-racing wheelchair. In the latter, he finished last of fourteen, his throw of 11. 72m earning him 302 points
20.
Ghana at the Paralympics
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Ghana made its Paralympic Games début at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, sending three representatives to compete in two sports. Nkegbe Botsyo, in athletics, took part in the mens 100m, 200m and 400m, ajara Mohammed entered the womens 800m and the marathon, also in the T54 category. Alfred Adjetey Sowah competed in powerlifting, in the mens up to 52 kg, Botsyo and Mohammed returned to compete again in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, the former in the mens 100m and 200m, and the latter in the womens 200m and 1, 500m
21.
Guinea at the Paralympics
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Guinea made its Paralympic Games début at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, sending a single representative to compete in athletics. He took part in two events, and did not win a medal, barry was, again, Guineas sole representative at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. Entering only one race on occasion, he was a non-starter. He remains the only person to have represented Guinea at the Paralympic Games, Guinea has never taken part in the Winter Paralympics
22.
Kenya at the Paralympics
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Kenya made its Paralympic Games début at the 1972 Summer Paralympics. It was absent in 1976, but returned to the 1980 Summer Games and has competed in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since then and it has never competed at the Winter Paralympics. Kenyans have won a total of thirty-six Paralympic medals, fourteen gold, thirteen silver, all but one of these medals have been in track and field. This puts Kenya in 49th place on the all-time Paralympic Games medal table, kenyas gold medallists are Britton, Lucy Wanjiru, Japheth Musyoki, Mary Nakhumicha, Christopher Moori, Henry Wanyoike, Joseph L. Ngorialuk, Henry Kiprono Kirwa, and Abraham Cheruiyot Tarbei
23.
Lesotho at the Paralympics
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Lesotho made its Paralympic Games début at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney. It has competed in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since then, Lesotho has never won a medal at the Paralympic Games. A total of four athletes have represented Lesotho at the Paralympics, levy Moshoeshoe Makoanyane took part in the mens 100m and 200m at the 2000 Games, failing to advance from the heats in either event. Limpho Rakoto competed in the womens 100m in both the 2000 and the 2004 Games, and also failed to advance from the heats, sello Mothebe ran in the mens 100m in 2004, with the same outcome. And Thato Mohasoa was her countrys representative at the 2008 Games. Lesotho will be taking part in the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and the National Paralympic Committee of Lesotho have chosen Bedford as the UK base for its Paralympians
24.
Madagascar at the Paralympics
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Madagascar made its Paralympic Games début at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney. Its sole representative, Aina Onja, was a sprinter who ran the mens 100m sprint in the T11 category. His time of 13.98 was the slowest in the heats, the country was absent from the 2004 Games, but returned to the Paralympics in 2008, represented by a single male swimmer. Josefa Harijaona Randrianony swam in the 50m freestyle, and finished last of his heat in 38. 06s, madagascar has never competed at the Winter Paralympics
25.
Mali at the Paralympics
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Mali made its Paralympic Games début at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, sending a single representative to compete in powerlifting. In the up to 75kg category, he lifted 130kg - finishing last of the seventeen competitors who successfully lifted a weight and he therefore did not win a medal. Mali did not compete at the Paralympic Games in 2004, although he was due to compete in 2008, as Malis sole competitor, Sissoko was banned due to testing positive for boldenone metabolite on the day of the opening ceremony. Mahamane Sacko represented Mali on the track at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, but did not proceed past the heats
26.
Mauritania at the Paralympics
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Mauritania made its Paralympic Games début at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney. It was represented by a sprinter and a male powerlifter. The country competed again in 2004, with runner Ezzouha Edidal as its sole representative, mauritania did not take part in the 2008 Summer Paralympics, and has never participated in the Winter Paralympics. No Mauritanian has ever won a Paralympic medal
27.
Mauritius at the Paralympics
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Mauritius made its Paralympic Games debut at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta. It was represented by two competitors in track and field, Sarwan Custnea and Enrico Cytheree. Absent in 2000, Mauritius returned to the Paralympics in 2004 with two runners, one male and one female, the country again had two representatives in 2008, Souci, and male swimmer, Pascal Laperotine. Muritius has never taken part in the Winter Paralympics, and its athletes have never won a Paralympic medal
28.
Morocco at the Paralympics
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Morocco made its Paralympic Games début at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul. It was represented by a team, with five competitors in athletics. Abdeljalal Biare won a medal in the 400m freestyle in swimming - Moroccos sole medal of the 1988 Games. Morocco has participated in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since then, moroccans have won a total of six gold medals, five silver and three bronze. Mustapha El Aouzari won gold in the mens 1, 500m in athletics in 2004, the same year, Abdellah Ez Zine won gold in the mens 800m. Abdelillah Mame won the other gold medal of the Games. Morocco took part in the 2012 Summer Paralympics, with the Royal Moroccan Federation of Sports for Disabled using Bedford as the UK base for its Paralympians. Morocco at the Olympics The Moroccan athlete who won the most medals in the history of the Paralympic Games, is the Paralympian athlete Sanaa Benhama
29.
Namibia at the Paralympics
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Namibia made its Paralympic Games début at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona. These were the first Summer Paralympics to be held since the accession to independence from South Africa in 1990. For its inaugural participation, the country sent just two athletes, both women, who competed in discus, javelin and shot put. They did not win any medals, Namibia was then absent from the Paralympics until 2004, when it entered a single representative in mens powerlifting. It returned in 2008, with a competitor, Reginald Benade, in mens discus. Benade won Namibias first -and so far only- Paralympic medal, a bronze in the discus, Namibia has never taken part in the Winter Paralympics
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