1.
Ticker symbol
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A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock on a particular stock market. A stock symbol may consist of letters, numbers or a combination of both, ticker symbol refers to the symbols that were printed on the ticker tape of a ticker tape machine. Stock symbols are unique identifiers assigned to each security traded on a particular market, for example, AAPL is for Apple Inc. OODH is for Orion DHC, Inc. and HD is for Home Depot, a stock symbol can consist of letters, numbers, or a combination of both, and is a way to uniquely identify that stock. The symbols were kept as short as possible to reduce the number of characters that had to be printed on the ticker tape, the allocation of symbols and formatting convention is specific to each stock exchange. In the US, for example, stock tickers are typically between 1 and 4 letters and represent the name where possible. In Europe, most exchanges use three-letter codes, for example Dutch consumer goods company Unilever traded on the Amsterdam Euronext exchange has the symbol UNA, while in Asia, numbers are often used as stock tickers to avoid issues for international investors when using non-Latin scripts. For example, the bank HSBCs stock traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange has the ticker symbol 0005, symbols sometimes change to reflect mergers. Prior to the 1999 merger with Mobil Oil, Exxon used a spelling of the company XON as its ticker symbol. The symbol of the firm after the merger was XOM, symbols are sometimes reused, in the US the single-letter symbols are particularly sought after as vanity symbols. For example, since Mar 2008 Visa Inc. has used the symbol V that had previously used by Vivendi which had delisted. To fully qualify a stock, both the ticker and the exchange or country of listing needs to be known, on many systems both must be specified to uniquely identify the security. This is often done by appending the location or exchange code to the ticker, although stock tickers identify a security, they are exchange dependent, generally limited to stocks and can change. These limitations have led to the development of other codes in financial markets to identify securities for settlement purposes, the most prevalent of these is the International Securities Identifying Number. An ISIN uniquely identifies a security and its structure is defined in ISO6166, Securities for which ISINs are issued include bonds, commercial paper, stocks, and warrants. The ISIN identifies the security, not the exchange on which it trades, for instance, Daimler AG stock trades on twenty-two different stock exchanges worldwide, and is priced in five different currencies, it has the same ISIN on each, though not the same ticker symbol. ISIN cannot specify a particular trade in this case, and another identifier, following the introduction of the Sequence trading platform in 1996, EPICs were renamed Tradable Instrument Display Mnemonics, but they are still widely referred to as EPICs. Stocks can also be identified using their SEDOL number or their ISIN, in the United States, modern letter-only ticker symbols were developed by Standard & Poors to bring a national standard to investing
2.
London Stock Exchange
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The London Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in the City of London in the United Kingdom. As of December 2014, the Exchange had a capitalisation of US$6.06 trillion. The Exchange was founded in 1801 and its current premises are situated in Paternoster Square close to St Pauls Cathedral in the City of London, the Exchange is part of the London Stock Exchange Group. London Stock Exchange is one of the world’s oldest stock exchanges, London Stock Exchange Group was created in October 2007 when London Stock Exchange merged with Milan Stock Exchange, Borsa Italiana. The Royal Exchange had been founded by English financier Thomas Gresham on the model of the Antwerp Bourse and it was opened by Elizabeth I of England in 1571. During the 17th century, stockbrokers were not allowed in the Royal Exchange due to their rude manners and they had to operate from other establishments in the vicinity, notably Jonathans Coffee-House. At that coffee house, a broker named John Casting started listing the prices of a few commodities, exchange rates and certain key provisions such as salt, coal, originally, this was not a daily list and was only published a few days of the week. This list and activity was moved to Garraway’s coffee house. Public auctions during this period were conducted for the duration that a length of tallow candle could burn, as stocks grew, with new companies joining to raise capital, the royal court also raised some monies. These are the earliest evidence of organised trading in securities in London. After Greshams Royal Exchange building was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, it was rebuilt and this was a move away from coffee houses and a step towards the modern model of stock exchange. The Royal Exchange not only housed brokers but also merchants and merchandise and this was the birth of a regulated stock market, which had teething problems in the shape of unlicensed brokers. In order to regulate these, Parliament brought out an act in 1697 that levied heavy penalties and it also set a fixed number of brokers, which was later increased as the size of the trade grew. The street in which they were now dealing was known as Exchange Alley, Parliament tried to regulate this and ban the unofficial traders from the Change streets. Traders became weary of bubbles when companies rose quickly and fell, after the Seven Years War, trade at Jonathans coffee house boomed again. In 1773, Jonathan, together with 150 other brokers, formed a club and opened a new and this now had a set entrance fee, through which traders could enter the stock room and trade securities. It was, however, not a location for trading. Fraud was also rife during these times and in order to such dealings
3.
Publishing
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Publishing is the dissemination of literature, music, or information—the activity of making information available to the general public. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers, meaning originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver, also, the word publisher can refer to the individual who leads a publishing company or an imprint or to a person who owns/heads a magazine. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books, Publishing includes the following stages of development, acquisition, copy editing, production, printing, and marketing and distribution. There are two categories of book publisher, Non-paid publishers, A non-paid publisher is a house that does not charge authors at all to publish their books. Paid publishers, The author has to meet with the expense to get the book published. This is also known as vanity publishing, at a small press, it is possible to survive by relying entirely on commissioned material. But as activity increases, the need for works may outstrip the publishers established circle of writers, for works written independently of the publisher, writers often first submit a query letter or proposal directly to a literary agent or to a publisher. Submissions sent directly to a publisher are referred to as unsolicited submissions, the acquisitions editors send their choices to the editorial staff. Unsolicited submissions have a low rate of acceptance, with some sources estimating that publishers ultimately choose about three out of every ten thousand unsolicited manuscripts they receive. Many book publishers around the world maintain a strict no unsolicited submissions policy and this policy shifts the burden of assessing and developing writers out of the publisher and onto the literary agents. At these publishers, unsolicited manuscripts are thrown out, or sometimes returned, established authors may be represented by a literary agent to market their work to publishers and negotiate contracts. Literary agents take a percentage of earnings to pay for their services. Some writers follow a route to publication. Such books often employ the services of a ghostwriter, for a submission to reach publication, it must be championed by an editor or publisher who must work to convince other staff of the need to publish a particular title. An editor who discovers or champions a book that becomes a best-seller may find their reputation enhanced as a result of their success. Once a work is accepted, commissioning editors negotiate the purchase of property rights. The authors of traditional printed materials typically sell exclusive territorial intellectual property rights that match the list of countries in which distribution is proposed. In the case of books, the publisher and writer must also agree on the formats of publication —mass-market paperback
4.
One Canada Square
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One Canada Square, often referred to simply as Canary Wharf, is a skyscraper in Canary Wharf, London. It was the tallest building in the United Kingdom from 1990 to 2010, standing at 770 feet above ground level, in late 2010, it was surpassed by the Shard. The building is clad with stainless steel rather than natural stone. One of the predominant features of the building is the roof, which contains a flashing aircraft warning light. The distinctive pyramid pinnacle is 800 feet above sea level, One Canada Square is primarily used for offices, though there are some retail units on the lower ground floor. It is a location for offices and as of November 2015 was 100% let. The building is recognised as a London landmark, and it has gained attention through film, television. The original plans for a district on Canary Wharf came from G Ware Travelstead. He proposed three 260 m towers, Travelstead was unable to find the money for his project, so he sold the plans to Olympia & York in 1987. Olympia & York grouped all three towers into a known as Docklands Square, and the main tower was designated DS7 during planning. Docklands Square was later renamed Winston Square before finally being renamed as Canada Square, the architects chosen to design One Canada Square were Cesar Pelli & Associates, Adamson Associates, and Frederick Gibberd Coombes & Partners. They designed the tower with a shape to Three World Financial Center, New York City. The shape was also reminiscent of Big Ben. To comply with air safety regulations, the architects took five floors off the tower. The final height of 824 feet was permitted, otherwise, the developers would have had to dismantle what was necessary to fit the height restriction, the design of the tower received a fair share of criticism. According to Cesar Pelli, the most damaging criticism came from Prince Charles, other criticisms came from former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who said that the building was not quite stunning. Construction on the began in 1988. Lehrer McGovern contracted out most of the work to Balfour Beatty because the Canary Wharf Tower was a building to build
5.
Canary Wharf
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Canary Wharf is a major business district located in Tower Hamlets, East London. Canary Wharf contains around 16,000,000 square feet of office and retail space, Morgan, KPMG, MetLife, Moodys, Morgan Stanley, RBC, S&P Global, Skadden, State Street, and Thomson Reuters. Canary Wharf is located on the West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs, from 1802 to 1939, the area was one of the busiest docks in the world. After the 1960s, the industry began to decline, leading to all the docks being closed by 1980. Canary Wharf itself takes its name from No.32 berth of the West Wood Quay of the Import Dock and this was built in 1936 for Fruit Lines Ltd, a subsidiary of Fred Olsen Lines for the Mediterranean and Canary Islands fruit trade. The Canary islands were so named after the dogs found there by the Spanish and as it is located on the Isle of Dogs. The Canary Wharf of today began when Michael von Clemm, former chairman of Credit Suisse First Boston, further discussions with G Ware Travelstead led to proposals for a new business district. The first buildings were completed in 1991, including One Canada Square, which became the UKs tallest building at the time, by the time it opened, the London commercial property market had collapsed, and Olympia and York Canary Wharf Limited filed for bankruptcy in May 1992. Initially, the City of London saw Canary Wharf as an existential threat and it modified its planning laws to expand the provision of new offices in the City of London, for example, creating offices above railway stations and roads. The resulting oversupply of office space contributed to the failure of the No 1 Canada Square project, in 1997, some residents living on the Isle of Dogs launched a lawsuit against Canary Wharf Ltd for private nuisance because the tower interfered with television signals. In December 1995 an international consortium, backed by the owners of Olympia & York and other investors. The new company was called Canary Wharf Limited, and later became Canary Wharf Group, recovery in the property market generally, coupled with continuing demand for large floorplate Grade A office space, slowly improved the level of interest. A critical event in the recovery was the start of work on the Jubilee Line Extension. At the peak of property prices in 2007, the HSBC building sold for a record £1.1 billion, in March 2014 planning permission was granted for the second residential building on the Canary Wharf estate, a 58-storey tower including 566 apartments plus shops and a health club. In July 2014 Canary Wharf Group was granted planning permission for a major expansion of the Canary Wharf estate. The plans include the construction of 30 buildings comprising a total of 4.9 million square feet, construction is planned to commence in autumn 2014 with the first buildings to be occupied at the end of 2018. In 2014, Singapore listed Oxley Holdings, together with developer Ballymore UK, have a joint venture to set up a new waterfront township of Royal Wharf with 3385 new homes housing over 10,000 people. This table lists completed buildings in Canary Wharf that are over 60 metres tall, the Canary Wharf developers played a pro-active role in improving transport links, which they recognised as essential to the success of the project
6.
Chairman
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The chairman is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is elected or appointed by the members of the group. The chair presides over meetings of the group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. When the group is not in session, the officers duties include acting as its head, its representative to the outside world. In some organizations, this position is called president, in others, where a board appoints a president. Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include chair, chairperson, chairwoman, presiding officer, president, moderator, facilitator, the chairman of a parliamentary chamber is often called the speaker. The term chair is used in lieu of chairman, in response to criticisms that using chairman is sexist. In his 1992 State of the Union address, then-U. S, president George H. W. Bush used chairman for men and chair for women. A1994 Canadian study found the Toronto Star newspaper referring to most presiding men as chairman, the Chronicle of Higher Education uses chairman for men and chairperson for women. An analysis of the British National Corpus found chairman used 1,142 times, chairperson 130 times, the National Association of Parliamentarians does not approve using chairperson. In World Schools Style debating, male chairs are called Mr. Chairman, the FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication, as well as the American Psychological Association style guide, advocate using chair or chairperson, rather than chairman. The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style suggests that the forms are gaining ground. It advocates using chair to refer both to men and to women, the word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be in the chair and is referred to as the chair. Major dictionaries state that the word derives from chair and man, some authorities, however, including Riddicks Rules of Procedure, suggest that the second part of chairman derives from the Latin manus, and thus claim gender-neutrality for the word. Vladimir Lenin, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russia not as tsar or as president, note in particular the popular standard method for referring to Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao. In the absence of the chairman and vice chairman, groups sometimes elect a chairman pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting. In some organizations that have titles, deputy chairman ranks higher than vice chairman, as there are often multiple vice chairs
7.
Board of directors
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A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a corporation or organization, which can include a non-profit organization or a government agency. A board of directors activities are determined by the powers, duties and responsibilities conferred on it by an authority outside itself and these matters are typically detailed in regulations or in the organizations constitution and bylaws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and might be subordinate to, the full membership. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are voted for by the shareholders, the board of directors appoints the chief executive officer of the corporation and sets out the overall strategic direction. In corporations with dispersed ownership, the identification and nomination of directors are often done by the board itself, in a non-stock corporation with no general voting membership, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution, its members are sometimes chosen by the board itself. Other names include Board of directors and advisors, board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees and it may also be called the executive board and is often simply referred to as the board. For companies with publicly trading stock, these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous, typically, the board chooses one of its members to be the chairman, who holds whatever title is specified in the bylaws or articles of association. However, in organizations, the members elect the president of the organization. The directors of an organization are the persons who are members of its board, several specific terms categorize directors by the presence or absence of their other relationships to the organization. An inside director is a director who is also an employee, officer, chief executive, major shareholder, inside directors represent the interests of the entitys stakeholders, and often have special knowledge of its inner workings, its financial or market position, and so on. Executive directors often have an area of responsibility in the organization, such as finance, marketing, human resources. An outside director is a member of the board who is not otherwise employed by or engaged with the organization, a typical example is a director who is president of a firm in a different industry. Outside directors are not employees of the company or affiliated with it in any other way, outside directors bring outside experience and perspectives to the board. One of the arguments for having outside directors is that they can keep a eye on the inside directors. Outside directors are unlikely to tolerate insider dealing between insider directors, as outside directors do not benefit from the company or organization, outside directors are often useful in handling disputes between inside directors, or between shareholders and the board. They are thought to be advantageous because they can be objective, director - a person appointed to serve on the board of an organization, such as an institution or business. This practice results in an interlocking directorate, where a small number of individuals have significant influence over a large number of important entities
8.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
9.
Magazine
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A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published. Magazines are generally published on a schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a price, by prepaid subscriptions. At its root, the magazine refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles and this explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores. By definition, a magazine paginates with each issue starting at three, with the standard sizing being 8 3/8 ×10 7/8 inches. However, in the sense a journal has continuous pagination throughout a volume. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed, an example being the Journal of Accountancy, academic or professional publications that are not peer-reviewed are generally professional magazines. That a publication calls itself a journal does not make it a journal in the technical sense, magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, bookstores, or other vendors, or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations. The subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories. In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a basis or by subscription. Paid circulation allows for defined readership statistics and this means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline, or included with other products or publications. Because this model involves giving issues away to unspecific populations, the statistics only entail the number of issues distributed and this is the model used by many trade magazines distributed only to qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey. This allows a level of certainty that advertisements will be received by the advertisers target audience. This latter model was used before the rise of the World Wide Web and is still employed by some titles. For example, in the United Kingdom, a number of computer-industry magazines use this model, including Computer Weekly and Computing, for the global media industry, an example would be VideoAge International. The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, a literary and philosophy magazine, the Gentlemans Magazine, first published in 1731, in London was the first general-interest magazine. Edward Cave, who edited The Gentlemans Magazine under the pen name Sylvanus Urban, was the first to use the term magazine, founded by Herbert Ingram in 1842, The Illustrated London News was the first illustrated magazine
10.
Pound sterling
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It is subdivided into 100 pence. A number of nations that do not use sterling also have called the pound. At various times, the sterling was commodity money or bank notes backed by silver or gold. The pound sterling is the worlds oldest currency still in use, the British Crown dependencies of Guernsey and Jersey produce their own local issues of sterling, the Guernsey pound and the Jersey pound. The pound sterling is also used in the Isle of Man, Gibraltar, the Bank of England is the central bank for the pound sterling, issuing its own coins and banknotes, and regulating issuance of banknotes by private banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Sterling is the fourth most-traded currency in the exchange market, after the United States dollar, the euro. Together with those three currencies it forms the basket of currencies which calculate the value of IMF special drawing rights, Sterling is also the third most-held reserve currency in global reserves. The full, official name, pound sterling, is used mainly in formal contexts, otherwise the term pound is normally used. The abbreviations ster. or stg. are sometimes used, the term British pound is commonly used in less formal contexts, although it is not an official name of the currency. The pound sterling is also referred to as cable amongst forex traders, the origins of this term are attributed to the fact that in the 1800s, the dollar/pound sterling exchange rate was transmitted via transatlantic cable. Forex brokers are sometimes referred to as cable dealers, as another established source notes, the compound expression was then derived, silver coins known as sterlings were issued in the Saxon kingdoms,240 of them being minted from a pound of silver. Hence, large payments came to be reckoned in pounds of sterlings, in 1260, Henry III granted them a charter of protection. And because the Leagues money was not frequently debased like that of England, English traders stipulated to be paid in pounds of the Easterlings, and land for their Kontor, the Steelyard of London, which by the 1340s was also called Easterlings Hall, or Esterlingeshalle. For further discussion of the etymology of sterling, see sterling silver, the currency sign for the pound sign is £, which is usually written with a single cross-bar, though a version with a double cross-bar is also sometimes seen. The ISO4217 currency code is GBP, occasionally, the abbreviation UKP is used but this is non-standard because the ISO3166 country code for the United Kingdom is GB. The Crown dependencies use their own codes, GGP, JEP, stocks are often traded in pence, so traders may refer to pence sterling, GBX, when listing stock prices. A common slang term for the pound sterling or pound is quid, since decimalisation in 1971, the pound has been divided into 100 pence. The symbol for the penny is p, hence an amount such as 50p properly pronounced fifty pence is more colloquially, quite often, pronounced fifty pee /fɪfti, pi and this also helped to distinguish between new and old pence amounts during the changeover to the decimal system
11.
Earnings before interest and taxes
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In accounting and finance, earnings before interest and taxes, is a measure of a firms profit that includes all expenses except interest and income tax expenses. It is the difference between operating revenues and operating expenses, when a firm does not have non-operating income, then operating income is sometimes used as a synonym for EBIT and operating profit. To calculate EBIT, expenses are subtracted from revenues, net income is later obtained by subtracting interest and taxes from the result
12.
Net income
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In business, net income is an entitys income minus cost of goods sold, expenses and taxes for an accounting period. In the context of the presentation of financial statements, the IFRS Foundation defines net income as synonymous with profit, net income is a distinct accounting concept from profit but the same as net profit. Net income can also be calculated by adding a companys operating income to non-operating income, net income can be distributed among holders of common stock as a dividend or held by the firm as an addition to retained earnings. As profit and earnings are used synonymously for income, net earnings, often, the term income is substituted for net income, yet this is not preferred due to the possible ambiguity. Net income is called the bottom line because it is typically found on the last line of a companys income statement. The items deducted will typically include tax expense, financing expense, likewise, preferred stock dividends will be subtracted too, though they are not an expense. For a merchandising company, subtracted costs may be the cost of goods sold, sales discounts, for a product company advertising, manufacturing, and design and development costs are included
13.
Daily Mirror
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The Daily Mirror is a British national daily tabloid newspaper founded in 1903. It is owned by parent company Trinity Mirror, from 1985 to 1987, and from 1997 to 2002, the title on its masthead was simply The Mirror. It had a daily print circulation of 716,923 in December 2016. Its Sunday sister paper is the Sunday Mirror, originally pitched to the middle class reader, it was transformed into a working-class newspaper after 1934, in order to reach a large, lowbrow audience. The Mirror has had a number of owners and it was founded by Alfred Harmsworth, who sold it to his brother Harold Harmsworth in 1913. In 1963 a restructuring of the interests of the Harmsworth family led to the Mirror becoming a part of International Publishing Corporation. The Mirror was owned by Robert Maxwell between 1984 and 1991, the paper went through a protracted period of crisis after his death before merging with the regional newspaper group Trinity in 1999 to form Trinity Mirror. The paper has supported the Labour Party since the 1945 general election. The Daily Mirror was launched on 2 November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth as a newspaper for women, hence the name, he said, I intend it to be really a mirror of feminine life as well on its grave as on its lighter sides. To be entertaining without being frivolous, and serious without being dull and it was not an immediate success and in 1904 Harmsworth decided to turn it into a pictorial newspaper with a broader focus. Harmsworth appointed Hamilton Fyfe as editor and all of the female journalists were fired. The masthead was changed to The Daily Illustrated Mirror, which ran from 26 January to 27 April 1904, when it reverted to The Daily Mirror. The first issue of the paper did not have advertisements on the front page as previously. Two days later, the price was dropped to one halfpenny and to the masthead was added, circulation grew to 466,000 making it the second-largest morning newspaper. Alfred Harmsworth sold the newspaper to his brother Harold Harmsworth in 1913, in 1917, the price was increased to one penny. Circulation continued to grow, in 1919, some issues more than a million copies a day. Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, the Mirror was the first British paper to adopt the appearance of the New York tabloids. By 1939, the publication was selling 1.4 million copies a day, in 1937, Hugh McClelland introduced his wild Western comic strip Beelzebub Jones in the Daily Mirror
14.
Sunday Mirror
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The Sunday Mirror is the Sunday sister paper of the Daily Mirror. It began life in 1915 as the Sunday Pictorial and was renamed the Sunday Mirror in 1963, the paper launched as the Sunday Pictorial on 14 March 1915. Although the newspaper has gone through many refinements in its near 100-year history those original core values are still in place today. Ever since 1915, the paper has published the best and most revealing pictures of the famous and the infamous. The first editor of the Sunday Pictorial, or the Sunday Pic as it was known, was F. R Sanderson. His launch edition led with three stories on the front page, two of which reported from the front line of the war, “THE TASK OF THE RED CROSS” and “ALL THAT WAS LEFT OF A BIG GUN”. From day one the paper was a success and within six months of launch the Sunday Pictorial was selling more than one million copies. One of the reasons for early success was due to a series of articles written by Winston Churchill. In 1915, Churchill, disillusioned with government, resigned from the Cabinet, the articles he then wrote for the Sunday Pictorial attracted such high levels of interest that sales lifted by 400,000 copies every time his stories appeared. A further reason for the success was its political influence. As a popular paper that always spoke its mind, the Sunday Pictorial struck a chord with millions, sport was also a key ingredient of the Sunday Pictorials success. Football, even then, made it onto the front pages, although the paper’s early life started with a flourish, by the mid-1930s its success began to flounder. That, however, all changed when the editorship was given to 24-year-old Hugh Cudlipp in 1937. Within three years of taking over he saw the circulation of the rise to more than 1,700,000 by the time he went to fight in World War II in 1940. On resuming the editorship in 1946, Cudlipp successfully developed the Sunday Pic to reflect the social awareness of the post-war years. In all, Cudlipp edited the title for three spells and has often been described as the “greatest of all popular journalists”. Most people know there are such things – pansies – mincing, effeminate, young men who call themselves queers but simple decent folk regard them as freaks and rarities. The Sunday Pictorial compared homosexuality to a fungus that had contaminated generals, admirals, fighter pilots
15.
The Sunday People
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The Sunday People is a British tabloid Sunday newspaper, founded as The People on 16 October 1881. It was bought by the Mirror group in 1961 along with the Daily Herald and it is still published by the Trinity Mirror Group, and shares a website with the Mirror papers. In July 2011, when it benefited from the closure of the News of the World, by December 2016 the circulation had shrunk to 239,364. Despite its tagline claim to be an independent newspaper, The People endorsed the Labour Party at the 2015 general election on the recommendation of polling data from its readers. Garry Bushell had a two-page television opinion column, Bushell On the Box, jimmy Greaves, the former England footballer Fred Trueman, former England cricketer and fast bowler. Fred Harrison an established author of 19 books
16.
Daily Record (Scotland)
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The Daily Record, part of Trinity Mirror, is a Scottish tabloid newspaper based in Glasgow. It is published six days a week, and its paper is the Sunday Mail. It has a kinship with the Daily Mirror, with major stories of UK significance being reported in both titles. The Daily Record had a print circulation in December 2016 of 160,557, according to NRS PADD figures, the Daily Record is by far the leading news brand in Scotland with a total audience of 3.1 million. This compares with The Scottish Suns audience in Scotland of 1.41 million, the Daily Records print sales are dropping at a rate of over 20,000 a year. Its January 2010 circulation was 323,831 and this has dropped to a January 2017 circulation of 155,772. The Daily Record was founded in 1895, the North British Daily Mail ceased publication in 1901 and was then incorporated into the Daily Record, which was renamed the Daily Record and Mail. Lord Kemsley bought the paper for £1 million in 1922, forming a company known as Associated Scottish Newspapers Limited. Production was transferred from Renfield Lane to 67 Hope Street in 1926, in 1971 the Daily Record became the first European newspaper to be printed with run-of-paper colour, and was the first British national to introduce computer page make-up technology. It was purchased by Trinity Mirror in 1999, from the estate of Robert Maxwell, historical copies of the Daily Record from the years 1914 to 1918 are available to search and view in digitised form at The British Newspaper Archive. In August 2006, the paper launched afternoon editions in Glasgow, both papers initially had a cover price of 15p, but in January 2007, it was announced that they would become freesheets, which are distributed on the streets of the city centres. It was simultaneously announced that new editions were to be released in Aberdeen, the PM is no longer published by the Daily Record. Politically, the Daily Record supported the conservative Unionist Party until the 1964 general election, the paper continues to support the Labour Party and has a close relationship with it, including donating £10,000 to the party in 2007. It opposes both the Scottish National Party and Scottish independence, on the day of the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, it ran a front-page editorial attacking the SNP. Since Murray Foote became editor in February 2014, the stance has become less clear cut. For many years there has been a relationship between Daily Record journalists and Labour Party politicians in Scotland, and a revolving door between newspaper staff and Labour advisers. Helen Liddell went from being General Secretary of the Scottish Labour Party to being Robert Maxwell’s Head of Corporate Affairs at the Daily Record. Tom Brown worked as one of the Daily Record’s highest-profile columnists and served as its editor, before advising his friend
17.
Northern & Shell
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Northern & Shell is a British publishing group, launched and founded in December 1974 and currently owned by Richard Desmond. It publishes the Daily Express, Sunday Express, Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday, Northern & Shell also owned three entertainment television channels, Channel 5, 5* and 5USA until 2015. It owned Portland TV, which operates adult TV channels including Television X and Red Hot TV, Desmond founded Northern and Shell in 1974 and launched a magazine called International Musician and Recording World. In 1983, Northern and Shell obtained the licence to publish Penthouse in the United Kingdom which led to its publishing a range of adult titles and these titles were later sold in 2004. It was the first company to move to the revamped Docklands, when the company moved to the Northern & Shell Tower Prince Philip opened the offices. Northern & Shell also publishes a range of magazines including the celebrity weekly. In November 2000 Northern & Shell acquired Express Newspapers from United News & Media for £125m, enlarging the group to include the Daily and Sunday Express titles, the Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday, and the Irish Star. The Daily and Sunday Express each sell around 700,000 copies per issue, Northern & Shell had borrowed £97 million for the Express group purchase. Northern & Shells portfolio of magazines was offered for sale in 2001 in order to provide cash to invest in the then newly acquired Express Newspapers group. In 2004 Northern & Shell sought acquisition of additional publications — The Spectator and The Daily Telegraph and it was unsuccessful in its bid for The Telegraph, losing out to David and Frederick Barclay, who had long sought to own the paper. On 23 July 2010, Northern & Shell bought Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited, on 1 May 2014, the channels were sold to Viacom for £450 million. In 2013, Northern & Shell announced that its TV listing magazine TV Pick would no longer be published, in 2014, Northern & Shell invested in a series of startups under the brand Northern & Shell Ventures. This included investments in OpenRent, Tepilo and Lulu
18.
Daily Express
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The Daily Express is a daily national middle market tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. It is the title of Express Newspapers, a subsidiary of Northern & Shell. It was first published as a broadsheet in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson and its sister paper The Sunday Express was launched in 1918. As of December 2016, it had a daily circulation of 391,626. The paper was acquired by Richard Desmond in 2000, hugh Whittow has served as the papers editor since February of 2011. The papers editorial stances are often seen as aligned to the UK Independence Party, in addition to its sister paper, Express Newspapers also publishes the red top newspapers the Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday. The Daily Express was founded in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson, Pearson, who had lost his sight to glaucoma in 1913, sold the title to the future Lord Beaverbrook in 1916. It was one of the first papers to place instead of advertisements on its front page along with carrying gossip, sports. It was also the first newspaper in Britain to have a crossword puzzle, the Express began printing copies in Manchester in 1927 and in 1931, the publication moved to 120 Fleet Street, a specially commissioned art deco building. Under Beaverbrook, the newspaper achieved a high circulation, setting records for newspaper sales several times throughout the 1930s. Its success was due to its aggressive marketing campaign and a vigorous circulation war with other populist newspapers. Beaverbrook also discovered and encouraged an editor named Arthur Christiansen who, at an early age, showed talent for writing. Christiansen became editor in October 1933, under his editorial direction sales climbed from two million in 1936 to four million in 1949. The paper also featured Alfred Bestalls Rupert Bear cartoon and satirical cartoons by Carl Giles which it began publishing in the 1940s, on 24 March 1933, a front page headline titled Judea Declares War on Germany was published by the Daily Express. During the late thirties, the paper was an advocate of the appeasement policies of the Chamberlain government. The ruralist author Henry Williamson wrote for the paper on many occasions for half a century and he also wrote for the Sunday Express at the beginning of his career. In 1938, the moved to the Daily Express Building. It opened a building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street
19.
Daily Star (United Kingdom)
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The Daily Star is a daily tabloid newspaper published from Monday to Saturday in the United Kingdom since 2 November 1978. On 15 September 2002 a sister Sunday edition, was launched with a separate staff, on 31 October 2009, the Daily Star published its 10, 000th issue. When the paper was launched from Manchester, it was circulated only in the North and it was conceived by the then-owners of Express Newspapers, Trafalgar House, to take on the strength of the Daily Mirror and The Sun in the north. It was also intended to utilise the under-capacity of the Great Ancoats Street presses in Manchester as the Daily Express was losing circulation, the Daily Star sold out its first night print of 1,400,000. Its cover price has decreased over the years in order to compete with its rival The Sun, the Daily Star is published by Express Newspapers, which also publishes the Daily Express and Sunday Express. The group is now owned by Richard Desmonds Northern and Shell company, the paper predominantly focuses on stories largely revolving around celebrities, sport, and news and gossip about popular television programmes, such as soap operas and reality TV shows. She was promoted to the post in December 2003 after the editor, Peter Hill. She had been an executive on the paper in charge of the features department, such models as Cherry Dee and Michelle Marsh have also appeared on their page 3. These women are known in the paper as Star Babes, the papers glamour photographer is Jeany Savage. Opinion columns by Dominik Diamond and Vanessa Feltz were discontinued in 2008, until he died in 2012, the chief football writer was Brian Woolnough, lured from The Sun in 2001 for a £200,000 pay packet. The papers leader column, entitled The Daily Star Says, appears most days on Page 6, beau Peep is the daily strip cartoon. The editor of the Daily Star, Lloyd Turner, was sacked six weeks after the trial, the paper later launched a bid to reclaim £2. 2m – the original payout plus interest and damages. On 18 April 1989, three days after the Hillsborough disaster in which 96 Liverpool F. C, a later inquiry showed all of the claims made were false. Both the Daily Star and its Sunday equivalent, as well as its stablemates the Daily Express and Sunday Express, in 2008, the McCann family sued the Star and Express for libel. The action concerned more than 100 stories across the Daily Express, Daily Star and their Sunday equivalents, the newspapers coverage was regarded by the McCanns as grossly defamatory. They also agreed to pay costs and substantial damages, which the McCanns plan to use to aid their search for their daughter. The image, taken from a documentary, was accompanied by a headline Terror as plane hits ash cloud, without any indication on the front page that the image was computer-generated. The splash, on the first day that flights restarted after a closure of UK airspace due to volcanic ash
20.
OK!
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OK. is a British weekly magazine specialising in celebrity news. Originally launched as a monthly, its first issue was published in April 1993, in September 2004, OK. publishers Northern and Shell launched in Australia as a monthly title – the magazine went weekly in October 2006. In 2005, a US version was launched, followed by an Indian edition in May 2006, a Spanish-language version in Mexico in 2006, a Bulgarian-language version in 2007 and a Spanish edition in 2008. OK. is the worlds biggest celebrity lifestyle magazine, with more than 30 million readers worldwide, OK. is best known for its coverage of celebrity nuptials. In 2000, OK. had exclusive rights to photographs of the wedding of Catherine Zeta-Jones and Michael Douglas, but its rival Hello. magazine published pictures as well. It was awarded £1,033,156 in an initial judgment, in October 2005, three celebrity weddings took place on the same day, those of Katie Price and Peter Andre, Kate Garraway and Derek Draper, and Samia Ghadie and property developer Matthew Smith. OK. covered them all over separate issues, the biggest wedding of the three was covered over two bumper issues. The same happened for the wedding of Ashley and Cheryl Cole, OK. devoted an issue to photos of Tony Parker and Eva Longorias wedding. In June 2009, OK. ran another tribute issue, this time for Michael Jackson, the publication had paid a reported $500,000 for images of Jacksons body being retrieved after his death. The cover photo showed a deceased Jackson on a stretcher, in a neck brace, “It’s a photo that captures the surprise and the upset and the moment of this breaking news story, Sarah Ivens, the magazines editorial director, said. I hope the cover will provoke readers. ”In 2010, the magazine faced more criticism after running a story on Kourtney Kardashians pregnancy. It published a photo of Kardashian holding her son, Mason. Kardashian tweeted in response, “One of those weeklies got it wrong again…they didn’t have an exclusive with me. And I gained 40 pounds while pregs, not 26…But thanks. ”She also alleged that the body on the cover was not hers, and that OK. had Photoshopped her face onto someone elses body. OK. came under fire again in July 2013 when it published an issue featuring Kate Middleton on the day she left the hospital after giving birth to Prince George. The story sparked backlash on Twitter when English TV presenter Katy Hill tweeted a photo of her own postpartum body and urged fellow mothers to boycott the magazine. Hill gained support from women who believed that the story had been posted too soon after Middleton gave birth. The magazines parent company, Northern & Shell, later issued an apology in a statement published in The Guardian, Kate is one of the beauties of our age
21.
Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe
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Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe was a British newspaper and publishing magnate. As owner of the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror, he was a pioneer of popular journalism, Lord Beaverbrook said he was the greatest figure who ever strode down Fleet Street. The turn of the saw the rise of popular journalism aimed at the working class. P. P. Catterall and Colin Seymour-Ure conclude that, More than anyone, Northcliffe played a powerful role in the First World War, especially in attacking the government in the Shell Crisis of 1915. He headed the mission to the new ally, the United States, in 1917, although born in Chapelizod, County Dublin, Harmsworth was educated at Stamford School in Lincolnshire, England, from 1876 and at Henley House School in Kilburn, London from 1878. He was the brother of Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere, Cecil Harmsworth, 1st Baron Harmsworth, Sir Leicester Harmsworth, 1st Baronet and Sir Hildebrand Harmsworth. Beginning as a freelance journalist, he founded his first newspaper, Answers, and was assisted by his brother Harold. Harmsworth had a sense for what the reading public wanted to buy, and began a series of cheap but successful periodicals, such as Comic Cuts. From these periodicals, he built what was then the largest periodical publishing empire in the world, Harmsworth was an early pioneer of popular journalism. He bought several failing newspapers and made them into an enormously profitable chain and he began with The Evening News in 1894, and then merged two Edinburgh papers to form the Edinburgh Daily Record. That same year he fitted out an expedition to Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic with the aim of making attempts on the North Pole, prime Minister Robert Cecil, Lord Salisbury, said it was written by office boys for office boys. Harmsworth then transformed a Sunday newspaper, the Weekly Dispatch, into the Sunday Dispatch and he also founded the Harmsworth Magazine, utilizing one of Britains best editors, Beckles Willson, who had been editor of many successful publications, including The Graphic. Harmsworth also founded The Daily Mirror in 1903, and rescued the financially desperate Observer and The Times in 1905 and 1908, in 1908, he also acquired The Sunday Times. Amalgamated Press subsidiary the Educational Book Company published the Harmsworth Self-Educator, The Childrens Encyclopædia, Harmsworth was created a Baronet, of Elmwood, in the parish of St Peters in the County of Kent in 1904. Alfred Harmsworth married Mary Elizabeth Milner on 11 April 1888 and she would be styled Baroness Northcliffe from 27 December 1905 and Viscountess Northcliffe from 14 January 1918. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire and Dame of Grace, Alfred Harmsworth had four acknowledged children by two different women. The first, Alfred Benjamin Smith, was born when Harmsworth was seventeen, Smith died in 1930, allegedly in a mental home. By 1900, Harmsworth had acquired a new mistress, an Irishwoman named Kathleen Wrohan, about whom little is known but her name, she bore him two further sons and a daughter, and died in 1923
22.
RELX Group
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RELX Group is a multinational information and analytics company based in London, in the United Kingdom. It operates in four segments, scientific, technical and medical, risk and business analytics, legal. RELX PLC, the London Stock Exchange listed shareholding vehicle, holds 52. 9% of the shares in RELX Group, RELX NV, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange listed shareholding vehicle, holds 47. 1% of the shares in RELX Group. The shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange using the ticker symbols, London, REL, Amsterdam, REN, New York, RELX. The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE100 Index, Financial Times Global 500, the company operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations. About 55 per cent of the revenues are generated from the US. In 2000, two-thirds of revenues were from print and only a percentage was digital, by 2016. RELX Group was previously known as Reed Elsevier, the company announced the change of the operating companys name to RELX Group in February 2015. Reed Elsevier came into being in 1992, following the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, in 1895, Albert E. Reed established a newsprint manufacturing operation at Tovil Mill near Maidstone, Kent. In 1970, Reed Group merged with the International Publishing Corporation, the company continued to grow by merging with other publishers and produced high quality trade journals as IPC Business Press Ltd and womens and other consumer magazines as IPC magazines Ltd. The original family owners, the Reeds, were Methodists and encouraged good working conditions for their staff in the print trade. In 1985 the company decided to rationalise its operations, focusing on publishing and selling off its other interests, sanderson was sold to WestPoint Pepperell, Inc. of Georgia, United States, that year, while Crown Paint and Polycell were sold to Williams Holdings in 1987. The companys paper and packaging operations were bundled together to form Reedpack. In 1880, Jacobus George Robbers started a company called NV Uitgeversmaatschappij Elsevier to publish literary classics. Robbers named the company after the old Dutch printers family Elzevir, Elsevier NV originally was based in Rotterdam but moved to Amsterdam in the late 1880s. Up to the 1930s, Elsevier remained a small family-owned publisher, after the war it launched the weekly Elsevier magazine, which turned out to be very profitable. Elsevier Press Inc. started in 1951 in Houston, Texas, USA, multiple mergers in the 1970s led to name changes, settling at Elsevier Scientific Publishers in 1979. In 1991, two years before the merger with Reed, Elsevier acquired Pergamon Press in the UK, in the past three years, the value of the groups acquisitions has averaged about £300m a year
23.
Robert Maxwell
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Ian Robert Maxwell MC, born Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch, was a British media proprietor and Member of Parliament. Originally from Czechoslovakia, he rose from poverty to build a publishing empire. After Maxwells death, huge discrepancies in his companies finances were revealed, early in his life Maxwell escaped from Nazi occupation, joined the Czechoslovak Army in exile in the Second World War and was decorated after active service in the British Army. In subsequent years he worked in publishing, building up Pergamon Press to a publishing house. Maxwell had a flamboyant lifestyle, living in Headington Hill Hall in Oxford from which he flew in his helicopter, and sailing in his luxury yacht. He was notably litigious and often embroiled in controversy, including about his support for Israel at the time of the 1948 Palestine war, in 1989, he had to sell successful businesses, including Pergamon Press, to cover some of his debts. In 1991, his body was discovered floating in the Atlantic Ocean having fallen overboard from his yacht, Maxwells death triggered the collapse of his publishing empire as banks called in loans. His sons briefly struggled to keep the business together, but failed as the news emerged that Maxwell had stolen hundreds of millions of pounds from his own companies pension funds, the Maxwell companies applied for bankruptcy protection in 1992. Maxwell was born into a poor Yiddish-speaking Orthodox Jewish family in the town of Slatinské Doly. His parents were Mechel Hoch and Hannah Slomowitz, in 1939, the area was reclaimed by Hungary. Most members of his died in Auschwitz after Hungary was occupied in 1944 by its former ally, Nazi Germany. In Marseille he joined the Czechoslovak Army in exile in May 1940 and he was then involved in action across Europe, from the Normandy beaches to Berlin, and achieved the rank of sergeant. He gained a commission in 1945, and was promoted captain, in January 1945, he received the Military Cross from Field Marshal Montgomery. Attached to the British Foreign Office, he served in Berlin during the two years in the press section. Maxwell naturalised as a British subject on 19 June 1946 and legally changed his name by deed poll from Ludvick Hoch to Ian Robert Maxwell on 30 June 1948. In 1945, he married Elisabeth Betty Meynard, a French Protestant, with whom he had nine children, five of his children were later employed within his companies. His three-year-old daughter Karine died of leukemia and his eldest son and his driver fell asleep at the wheel, and Michael never regained consciousness. In 1951 he bought three quarters of Butterworth-Springer, a publisher, the remaining quarter was held by the experienced scientific editor Paul Rosbaud
24.
Birmingham Post
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For the newspaper of the same name formerly published in Birmingham, Alabama, see Birmingham Post-Herald. The Birmingham Post is a printed newspaper based in Birmingham, England, with a circulation of 6,667. First published under the name the Birmingham Daily Post in 1857, it has had a succession of distinguished editors and has played a role in the life. It is currently owned by Trinity Mirror, in June 2013, it launched a daily tablet edition called Birmingham Post Business Daily. The Birmingham Journal was a newspaper published between 1825 and 1869. A nationally influential voice in the Chartist movement in the 1830s, the 1855 Stamp Act removed the tax on newspapers and transformed the news trade. The price of the Journal was reduced from seven pence to four pence, untaxed, it became possible to sell a newspaper for a penny, and the advantage lay with smaller, more frequent publications that could keep their readers more up to date. Historical copies of the Birmingham Daily Post, dating back to 1857, are available to search, from the outset the Post became closely associated with radical politics and intellectual movements. The newspaper played an important role in the calls for political and social reform in the rapidly expanding industrial town. In 1869 Birmingham Daily Post editor John Thackray Bunce was instrumental in getting Joseph Chamberlain elected to the Town Council for the first time, the newspaper remained a staunch supporter of Chamberlain helping to take the town with him as he pushed for municipal reform. It printed informed articles on the ideals of the Civic Gospel, and gave a platform to radical figures such as John Bright, George Dawson, Robert William Dale, John Frederick Feeney died in 1869, and was succeeded by his son John. He inherited his fathers passion the city and built on his success, by the 1870s, the Birmingham Daily Post was the largest circulating daily newspaper in the Midlands. Following the death of John Feeney in 1905, ownership of the Post passed to his nephew, Hyde was instrumental in urging middle class recruits to volunteer for the Birmingham Pals battalions at the outbreak of the First World War. In an editorial of August 1914 he wrote, At all costs Germany must be restrained, Birmingham can and ought to do much more. we should raise a battalion of non-manual workers. The word Daily was dropped from the title in 1918, Hyde remained the proprietor of the Birmingham Post and Mail until his death in 1942. The papers were bought by a newspaper proprietor Sir Edward Iliffe, a former Conservative MP. It became part of a company, the Birmingham Post & Mail Limited. The Birmingham Post, Evening Mail, Sports Argus and Sunday Mercury moved into the purpose built Post and Mail building in the city centre in 1965
25.
Reading Chronicle
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The Reading Chronicle is an English local weekly newspaper covering Reading in Berkshire and surrounding areas, starting off as the Berkshire Chronicle. The paper is published each Thursday with two distinct editions, the Reading Chronicle itself, and the Woodley and Earley Chronicle. Each edition has some local content relating to its target area, the paper was formerly broadsheet, but switched to a compact, tabloid format in March 2009. The previous supplements, including the entertainment section The Guide and monthly Business Review are included inside the paper. The Reading Chronicle also publishes a free paper, the Reading Midweek with an extra copy of the Property Chronicle. The paper covers an area extending to Goring-on-Thames to the north, Bucklebury to the west, Mortimer to the south, the Director of Berkshire Media Group is Dene Tonna. The paper is edited by Lesley Potter and the editor is Sarah Lawrence Berkshire Media Group bought the Reading Chronicle from Trinity Mirror in 2007. BMG also publish the Newbury and Thatcham Chronicle, the Bracknell News, the group was a subsidiary of Clyde and Forth Press, an independent newspaper company headed by Deirdre Romanes, based in Dunfermline, Scotland. The Romanes companies went into receivership after the death of Deirdre Romanes and were acquired by management, newsquest acquired Romanes Media in 2015. On 12 October 2006 the Chronicle was accompanied by a 6-page Polish edition, on 20 March 2014, the Chronicle published a feature and front-page article on alleged hooliganism at Reading Football Club under the headline The Other Face of Football. The piece was criticised for suggesting that hooliganism was linked to the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 in the opening paragraph. The papers owner Berkshire Media Group made an apology for this aspect of the story the following day. The following weeks edition of the Chronicle apologised on its front page for both the depiction of Reading FC and the Hillsborough reference, official website Berkshire Media Group website
26.
Northcliffe Media
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Northcliffe Media Ltd. was a large regional newspaper publisher in the UK and Central and Eastern Europe, owned by Daily Mail and General Trust. It operates from over 30 publishing centres, and also has 18 daily titles, as can be seen they may well soon not operate any of their own print centres. Northcliffe runs a print and publishing service to businesses and organisations across the UK and it also operates a retail division with 67 outlets and has Hungarian newspaper interests. It also has risen to one of the top two publishers, in terms of circulation, in Slovakia after as little as two-and-a-half years in the country. £22 million has been invested in the new Eastern European market since 2004, in 2012, the company was sold by DMGT to a newly formed company, Local World, which also bought Iliffe News and Media from the Yattendon Group. In November 2005, the DMGT announced that it wanted to sell Northcliffe Newspapers and it came after figures according to Ofcom announced that Northcliffe only has 16% of the regional market, compared to Trinitys 20%, Newsquests 18% and 15% for Johnston. This was cancelled after they could not find an offer for the group as a whole, on 6 July 2007, the company bought 26 regional titles from Trinity Mirror plc for the sum of £64.15 million. The sale is expected to boost Northcliffe’s circulation by 872,000 copies per week, the companys name was changed to Northcliffe Media from Northcliffe Newspaper Group in 2007. In July 2011, it was announced that Northcliffe Media intended to sell nine of its titles to the KM Group. The newspapers involved include the Dover Express, East Kent Gazette, Folkestone Herald, Herne Bay and Whitstable Times, Isle of Thanet Gazette, Medway News, KM Group has referred the matter of the acquisition of the titles to the Office of Fair Trading. In November 2012 DMGT sold Northcliffe Media to Local World, a&N International Media, formerly Northcliffe International, was the Central and Eastern European multimedia enterprise arm of Northcliffe Media. It had newspapers throughout Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, with their biggest market in Hungary and they also had website interests in Croatia, owning four shopping, home and car websites as well as in Slovakia and Hungary. The international arm began in 1989, when the Northcliffe Newspaper Group acquired Kisalföld, the group later acquired Délmagyarország, the largest daily title in the south-east of the country, and the English-language weekly newspaper, The Budapest Sun. Northcliffe also invested significantly in new headquarters and printing plants in both Győr and Szeged, the total Eastern European business had revenues of £35 million per year and annualised profits of around £6 million. The arm had 801 overseas workers in 2006, but after the arrival in the Croatian market in March 2007, the chairman of the European arm was Vivian Baring and the director was István Szammer. In Hungary Kisalföld, a newspaper based in Győr, has the highest circulation of any regional title in the country. It also publishes an edition for the town of Sopron. Northcliffe International also publishes Délmagyarország, Hungarys oldest regional daily newspaper, in addition it publishes Délvilág for Csongrád county
27.
Liverpool
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Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in North West England.24 million people in 2011. Liverpool historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire and it became a borough from 1207 and a city from 1880. In 1889 it became a county borough independent of Lancashire, Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary and its growth as a major port is paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also directly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic and others such as the RMS Lusitania, Queen Mary, and Olympic. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, several areas of Liverpool city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, tourism forms a significant part of the citys economy. Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool and Everton, matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby, the world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the oldest Black African community in the country. Natives of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians and colloquially as Scousers, a reference to scouse, the word Scouse has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Pool is a place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit, cognate with the modern Welsh. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. King Johns letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, the original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in an H shape, Bank Street, Castle Street, Chapel Street, Dale Street, Juggler Street, Moor Street, in the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, in 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. Since Roman times, the city of Chester on the River Dee had been the regions principal port on the Irish Sea
28.
Guardian Media Group
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Guardian Media Group plc is a British mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian and The Observer. The group is owned by Scott Trust Limited, which exists to secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity. The company was founded as the Manchester Guardian Ltd in 1907 when C. P. Scott bought the Manchester Guardian from the estate of his cousin Edward Taylor and it adopted its current name in 1993. In March 2007 GMG sold 49. 9% of Trader Media Group to Apax Partners, in December 2007 it was announced that GMG and Apax had made a successful bid to buy Emaps business-to-business arm for around £1 billion. In February 2010, the group sold its GMG Regional Media division to Trinity Mirror for £44.8 million, the sale ended the historic connection between The Guardian and Manchester as the sale of the Manchester Evening News was included in the package. The divisions local television station for Greater Manchester, Channel M, in June 2012, Global Radio acquired GMG Radio from Guardian Media Group plc. In January 2014, GMG disposed of its remaining interest in Trader Media Group, carolyn McCall was the chief executive of Guardian Media Group and chair of Guardian News and Media Limited from 2006 until June 2010, when she was appointed chief executive of EasyJet. Andrew Miller, previously the chief officer of the Group, was chief executive from July 2010 to 2015. David Pemsel took his place in 2015, gMG’s core business is Guardian News & Media Limited, publisher of theguardian. com, and The Guardian and The Observer newspapers. The group has a portfolio of investments to support its journalism. They comprise, Ascential, an international business-to-business digital intelligence and events business, GMG Property Services, a provider of software, technology and design solutions to the property industry
29.
Manchester Evening News
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The Manchester Evening News is a regional daily newspaper covering Greater Manchester in North West England. It is published every day except Sunday and is owned by Trinity Mirror plc following its sale by Guardian Media Group in early 2010 and it has an average daily circulation of 52,158, of which 24,560 are fully paid for. The paper was first published in 1868 by Mitchell Henry as part of his Parliamentary election campaign, shortly after the election the newspaper was sold to John Edward Taylor, the son of the founder and owner of the Manchester Guardian, becoming the evening counterpart of the morning newspaper. This is also where Trinity Mirror titles in North West England are printed, despite its evening title, the newspaper began publication of a morning edition in November 2004, a controversial move which brought union members to the brink of strike action over new work rotas. For years the paper was famous for its Football Green edition, after the MEN merged with the rival Manchester Evening Chronicle, its more popular Sporting Pink was adopted as the Football Pink. The Green and Pink names came from being printed in paper of those colours, in the 1970s the Saturday sports paper began using white newsprint, which had become by then the industry standard. The papers were printed in mobile presses inside newspaper vans usually parked near the stadiums, on 2 May 2006 the Evening News dropped the Lite edition in favour of a part-free, part-paid distribution model for the main paper. Copies were free in Manchester city centre, while readers outside that area continued to pay for the paper, in December 2006, the paper also began free distribution at Manchester Airport and hospitals throughout Greater Manchester. In December 2009, the announced that as of January 2010 the paper would no longer be handed out free Monday to Friday in the city centre. Instead they would be handed out free as previously on Thursdays and Fridays, Manchester Metro News—weekly sister paper Official website
30.
Reading Post
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The Reading Post, was an English local newspaper covering Reading, Berkshire and surrounding areas. The title page of the featured the Maiwand Lion, a famous local landmark at Forbury Gardens. The paper was most recently published by Surrey & Berkshire Media Ltd. a division of Trinity Mirror plc, in 2009, the paper changed from daily publication to publishing weekly on a Wednesday as a paid-for paper with a free edition on a Friday titled Get Reading. The paper was previously promoted as a paper and published Monday to Friday. In recent years, all editions were tabloid though it was launched as a broadsheet, in February 2010 the division of Guardian Media Group that included the Reading Evening Post was sold to Trinity Mirror. This sale included 22 titles across the north of England and in Surrey, the Reading Evening Post was named Regional Newspaper of the Year for the second year running at the 2004 Newspaper Awards. The final issue was published on 17 December 2014
31.
Playtech
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Playtech plc is a gambling software development company founded in 1999. The company provides software for online casinos, online poker rooms, online games, online sports betting, scratch games, mobile gaming, live dealer games. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE250 Index, Playtech states that it is the worlds largest gambling software and services supplier. Playtech was founded in 1999 by Teddy Sagi in Tartu, Estonia, with partners from the casino, software engineering, in March 2006, Playtech was floated successfully on the AIM market at a valuation of approximately US$950 million. After the passage of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006, on 22 October 2008, Playtech announced that it would acquire private assets from Teddy Sagi in return for $250 million. Then in March 2011, Playtech bought PT Turnkey Services from Teddy Sagi for £125m, in July 2012, Playtech moved its listing to the Main Market of the LSE from AIM. In the September rebalance, Playtech was included within the FTSE250 Index, on July 2013, Playtech acquired PokerStrategy. com, one of the largest poker communities in the world with almost 7 million members, from etruvian Holdings Ltd for $49.2 million. In August 2014, Playtech joined the Gambling Business Group, an organization formed to represent the interests of the UK gambling community, to support and advise the GBG issues. In September 2014, Playtech announced the acquisition of Aristocrat Lotteries from Aristocrat Leisure Limited, in January 2015, many Playtech-powered casino sites announced they were leaving the German market. In February 2015 it was announced that Playtech acquired YoYo Games and it was revealed in June 2015 that Playtech would acquire the online foreign exchange trader Plus500 for a fee of $699 million. This planned deal was terminated in November 2015, in May 2016 Playtech acquired Swedish online game developer Quickspin. In July 2016 Playtech acquired rival operator Best Gaming Technology for €138m, Playtech branched out into Romania in January 2017 with the opening of its casino studio based in Bucharest designed to provide live casino games to local online gambling operators. Playtech employs more than 5,000 people in 13 countries and territories and it was implemented in the UK by casino game designer Geoff Hall, inventor of Blackjack Switch and currently has more than 60 members of staff. The network works using a skin-based system and this simply means that each site on the network has its own skin of the underlying poker interface, the lobby, table layout and design are all exactly the same. However, each site can apply its own scheme and branding. Most importantly in order to maintain the liquidity needed to operate a successful poker network, as of April 2014 the network had 30 active skins
32.
DMGT
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The company operates in over 40 countries through its subsidiaries RMS, dmg information, dmg events, Euromoney Institutional Investor, dmg media and JVs and Associates. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere, is the chairman and controlling shareholder of the company. The head office is located in Northcliffe House in Kensington, London and it was incorporated in 1922 and its shares were first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1932. Referring to Adolf Hitlers proposed invasion of Czechoslovakia, Rothermere, again writing in the Daily Mail, after almost 100 years in Fleet Street, the company left its original premises of New Carmelite House in Fleet Street in 1988 to move to Northcliffe House in Kensington. Dmg information invests in business-to-business information-driven companies and it aims to invest in high-growth businesses offering information to niche markets. Dmg information is headquartered in the US, with its office in Connecticut and other offices in California. Foremost amongst these are Landmark Information Group, Genscape and Environmental Data Resources, in 2006 dmg information bought Genscape, a US company that supplies information on the energy market. Genscape is the provider of real-time energy generation and transmission information to the energy trading markets in North America. Dmg information also owns Xceligent, Trepp, Hobsons and SearchFlow, dmgi has also invested in Skymetweather. com, Real Capital Analytics, Sanborn, Point X, Propstack, Liases Foras, Funcent, dmg events, ARC, iprof. Dmg events was founded in 1989 and now generates growth from almost half a million visitors per year, headquartered in Dubai, it is currently active in North America, the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia, employing over 370 staff. Events ran by dmg events include ADIPEC, Global Petroleum Show, Gastech, The Big 5, Index, Euromoney Institutional Investor plc is the market leader on international financial publishing and event organisation. Its one of Europes largest business and financial magazine publishers, the company, 68% owned by DMGT, was founded in 1969. The company owns close to 100 international specialist magazines in finance, energy, aviation, pharmaceuticals, Euromoney trains international bankers and securities specialists around the world, runs international conferences, and is very strong in electronic publishing. With offices worldwide, its shares are listed in London and Luxembourg, Euromoney has invested in businesses such as MetalBulletin, BCA Research and Ned Davis Research Group. Dmg media is the subsidiary of DMGT and publishes the following titles. The Mail brand is the number one brand in the UK. The Mail on Sunday – The sister paper of the Daily Mail, Ireland on Sunday – Associated Newspapers took over the publishing of Ireland on Sunday in 2001. The title was re-launched in April 2002 to coincide with the move to its new offices in Ballsbridge and it included TV Week magazine and in September 2006 it was merged with the Mail on Sunday and became the Irish Mail on Sunday
33.
Metro (British newspaper)
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Metro is a free newspaper published in tabloid format in the United Kingdom by DMG Media. It is distributed from Monday to Friday on many services and stations in cities. Distributors have also employed to hand out copies to pedestrians. The paper was launched in London on 16 March 1999, and can now be found in many towns, the Metro concept comes from Sweden. After battling alongside the Associated Newspapers version with the same name, however, Morning News was short-lived, being discontinued shortly afterwards. Metro International have had plans to launch a free evening newspaper in London. Similarly, Rupert Murdoch is said to have regretted missing the opportunity of launching his own London paper, however, News International, a UK subsidiary of Murdochs News Corporation, launched a London-based newspaper in 2006 called The London Paper, using funding from Liam McDonald. This was closed on 18 September 2009, the newspaper is divided into three main sections - news, features and sport. The features section contains a mix of articles on travel, homes, style, the puzzles page currently features a crossword and Sudoku. On 8 July 2009, the version of Metro was merged with London Lite. In its first five years, it achieved a readership of over 1 million daily readers, making it the UKs fourth largest daily newspaper, after The Sun, the Daily Mail, and the Daily Mirror. In October 2008, its total certified distribution for that month was 1,361,306 and it now prints approximately 1. 3m copies daily, and officially has some 3. 5m readers, as of March 2010. The WAN-IFRA reported its 2009 circulation as 1,335,000, in October 2016 circulation was increased to nearly 1.5 million. In the West Midlands, it is distributed on Network West Midlands buses, the Dublin freesheet Metro Herald was similar in layout and content to its British counterpart, as Associated Metro provides much of the content. Metro Herald was formed by the merging of Metro Ireland with its main competitor, Metro Ireland was launched on 10 October 2005, as was Herald AM. Both titles were loss-making, despite a circulation of 145,000 between them in the Greater Dublin Area, the merger of the two titles faced scrutiny by the Competition Authority as the resulting match up drew together IN&M and The Irish Times. On 2 July 2009, it was announced that the two freesheets were to merge, and by 2010 this merger was complete, GameCentral was founded on 10 March 2003 to replace Digitiser as the video game section of Channel 4s analogue Teletext service. Its contents page was found on page 690 of Channel 4 analogue Teletext
34.
Competition and Markets Authority
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The formation of the CMA was enacted in Part 3 of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, which received royal assent on April 25,2013. In July 2012, Lord Currie was appointed Chairman designate of the CMA, the term designate was dropped when the CMA was launched on October 1,2013. The first stage of the ended on September 6,2013. On September 17, BIS announced the stage of the consultation. The French government blamed the decision to ban one out of three operators on fair-trade concerns. The appeals court overturned these rulings because MyFerryLink was not a merger of the bankrupt SeaFrance, MyFerryLink called attention to a potential conflict of interest, pointing out that the former accountant of DFDS was now a member of the UK Competition Commission. Following these delays, Eurotunnel sold two new boats to the DFDS competitor, because of this the port of Calais was blocked by workers, boats were occupied and the Channel Tunnel attacked, resulting in cross-channel disruption and traffic jams in the UK and France. English contract law EU competition law Official website Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013
35.
Paul Marsden
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Paul William Barry Marsden is a British writer, businessman and former politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Shrewsbury and Atcham from 1997 until 2005 and he was most prominently known for his anti-war views and crossing the floor twice, from Labour to the Liberal Democrats in 2001 and returning to Labour in 2005. He instructed a solicitor in 2010 to begin action for phone hacking that allegedly took place back in 2003 by a newspaper, in 2012, Marsden was appointed to draft the parliamentary inquiry report into VIP security at the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London. Currently Marsden is Head of Business Intelligence at the construction company, Marsden was born in Frodsham in Cheshire to Thomas Darlington Marsden, a distribution manager and Labour councillor and Audrey Stott, a school teacher. He was educated at Helsby High School, Marsden completed a diploma in building studies at Mid-Cheshire College in 1986, but withdrew from completing a civil engineering degree after the first three years at Teesside Polytechnic in 1990. Studying part-time, he passed a diploma in management at the Open University and a diploma in business excellence at Newcastle College. Marsden was elected as the first Labour MP for Shrewsbury and Atcham at the 1997 general election with a swing of 11. 4%, a seat which he held at the 2001 election with a further swing of 5. 5%. He spoke in the Commons for the first time on 21 May 1997 and in a traditional maiden speech. He was nominated to serve on the Agriculture Select Committee and remained for four years serving on the committee. The Bill prompted Ruth Fermor Allan to create such a directory called Cancer Care 2000, in March 2001, Marsden with cross party support put forward a Doorstep Recycling Bill, mandating the collection of recyclable materials from streets. The Bill was backed by Friends of the Earth, after a first term loyally supporting the Government, Marsden began to question the Labour Governments foreign policy following 9/11. On 8 October 2001, he was the first MP in the Commons to publicly call for a vote on any action in Afghanistan. Marsden took to sitting in Tony Benns former Commons seat below the gangway on the row from the back. Two weeks later, Marsden was instructed to attend a meeting with the Labour Chief Whip, Tony Benn described in his diary that The pressure on the anti-war MPs is growing. Apparently Paul Marsden, the Labour MP for Shrewsbury and Atcham, had three-quarters-of-an-hour being bullied by the Chief Whip, number 10 were forced to put out a statement that dissenting backbenchers would be allowed to speak out on the war. The Guardian in its Leader praised Marsden for having called for a vote on the war and publishing the Chief Whips response to it and stated, On both counts he has done British democracy a service. In November 2001, Marsden visited Pakistan and the Afghan border to highlight the plight of Afghan refugees living in camps who had fled the war, on 18 November 2001, Marsden was one of the leaders of the Stop the War demonstration against the war in Afghanistan in London. Marsden was one of the principal speakers along with Tony Benn and he accused Blair of being drunk with power and we are not simply going to allow the atrocities of September 11 to be replaced with further atrocities in Afghanistan
36.
Phone hacking
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Phone hacking is the practice of manipulating or gaining unauthorized access to mobile phones - such as by intercepting telephone calls or accessing voicemail messages. When the unauthorized access is to the phone conversation, it is more commonly referred to as phone tapping. A weakness of some PABX systems lies in the distant voicemail feature, which is accessed by entering a password when the initial greeting is being played. A hacker can call a direct dial number with voicemail, and then try to use the password or guess it, or then select the call back function. The PABX calls back the premium line, confirming the password for the hacker. To stop this form of hacking, it is important to turn off the back feature on the PABX. Mobile phone companies usually allow access to associated voicemail messages using a landline telephone and this requires the entry of a Personal Identification Number. Even where the default PIN is not known, social engineering can be used to reset the voicemail PIN code to the default, by impersonating the owner of the phone with a call to a call centre. During the mid-2000s, it was discovered that calls emanating from the handset registered against a voicemail account were put straight through to voicemail without needing to enter a PIN. A hacker could use caller ID spoofing to impersonate a victims handset caller ID, mobile phone microphones can be activated remotely by security agencies or telcos, without any need for physical access, as long as the battery has not been removed. This roving bug feature has been used by law enforcement agencies, other techniques for phone hacking include tricking a mobile phone user into downloading malware which monitors activity on the phone. Bluesnarfing is an access to a phone via Bluetooth. There are flaws in the implementation of the GSM encryption algorithm that allow passive interception, the equipment needed is available to government agencies or can be built from freely available parts. He blamed the mobile phone companies for relying on outdated encryption techniques in the 2G system, Phone hacking, being a form of surveillance, is illegal in many countries unless it is carried out as lawful interception by a government agency. In the News International phone hacking scandal, private investigator Glenn Mulcaire was found to have violated the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 and he was sentenced to six months in prison in January 2007. Renewed controversy over the phone hacking claims led to the closure of the News of the World in July 2011, mobile security Telephone tapping Operation Weeting Phreaking How Phone Hacking Worked and How to Make Sure Youre Not a Victim at Sophos Phone hacking collected news and commentary. Rory Cellan-Jones, BBC News,12 July 2011
37.
News International phone hacking scandal
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The News International phone-hacking scandal is a controversy involving the defunct News of the World and other British newspapers published by News International, a subsidiary of News Corporation. Employees of the newspaper were accused of engaging in phone hacking, police bribery, the commissioner of Londons Metropolitan Police Service, Sir Paul Stephenson, also resigned. Advertiser boycotts led to the closure of the News of the World on 10 July 2011, Public pressure shortly forced News Corporation to cancel its proposed takeover of the British satellite broadcaster BSkyB. A number of arrests and convictions followed, most notably of the former News of the World managing editor Andy Coulson, Murdoch and his son, James, were summoned to give evidence at the Leveson Inquiry. Over the course of his testimony, Rupert Murdoch admitted that a cover-up had taken place within the News of the World to hide the scope of the phone hacking. By 2002, a trade in confidential personal information had developed in Britain and was widely used by the British newspaper industry. Private investigators who were providing information to the News of the World were also engaged in a variety of other illegal activities. Between 1999 and 2003, several were convicted for crimes including drug distribution, the theft of drugs, child pornography, planting evidence, corruption, and perverting the course of justice. Jonathan Rees and his partner Sid Fillery, a police officer, were also under suspicion for the murder of a private investigator named Daniel Morgan. The Met undertook an investigation of Rees, entitled Operation Nigeria, Rees then sold the information to the News of the World, the Daily Mirror, the Sunday Mirror and the Sunday Times. The Operation Nigeria bugging ended in September 1999 and Rees was arrested when he was planning to plant drugs on a woman so that her husband could win custody of their child. Rees was convicted in 2000 and served a prison sentence. Mulcaire obtained Cooks home address, his internal Metropolitan police payroll number, his date of birth and figures for his mortgage payments as well as following him. Attempts to access Cooks voicemail and that of his wife, and possibly hack his computer, documents reportedly held by Scotland Yard show that Mulcaire did this on the instructions of Greg Miskiw, assistant editor at News of the World and a close friend of Marunchak. Fillery was convicted for child pornography offences in 2003, upon Rees release from prison in 2005, he immediately resumed his investigative work for the News of the World, where Andy Coulson had succeeded Rebekah Brooks as editor. The operation uncovered numerous invoices addressed to newspapers and magazines, which detailed prices for the provision of personal information,305 journalists, working for at least 30 publications, were identified as purchasing confidential information from private investigators. The ICO raided a private investigator named John Boyall, whose specialty was acquiring information from confidential databases. Glenn Mulcaire had been Boyalls assistant, until the autumn of 2001 when the News of the Worlds assistant editor, when the ICO raided Boyalls premises in November 2002 they seized documents that led them to the premises of another private investigator, Steve Whittamore
38.
News of the World
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The News of the World was a national red top newspaper published in the United Kingdom from 1843 to 2011. It was at one time the biggest-selling English-language newspaper in the world and it was originally established as a broadsheet by John Browne Bell, who identified crime, sensation and vice as the themes that would sell copies. The Bells sold to Henry Lascelles Carr in 1891, in 1969 it was bought from the Carrs by Rupert Murdochs media firm News Limited. Reorganised into News International, itself a subsidiary of News Corporation, it was transformed into a tabloid in 1984, the newspaper concentrated on celebrity-based scoops and populist news. Its fondness for sex scandals gained it the nicknames News of the Screws and Screws of the World, sales averaged 2,812,005 copies per week in October 2010. From 2006, allegations of phone hacking began to engulf the newspaper, a Scotland Yard spokesperson later admitted at the Leveson Inquiry that it had not been a private investigator who had deleted Dowlers voicemail. Amid a public backlash and the withdrawal of advertising, News International announced the closure of the newspaper on 7 July 2011, the scandal deepened when the paper was alleged to have hacked into the phones of families of British service personnel killed in action. Senior figures on the newspaper have been held for questioning by police investigating the phone hacking, arrested on 8 July 2011 were former editor Andy Coulson and former News of the World royal editor Clive Goodman, the latter jailed for phone hacking in 2007. The former executive editor Neil Wallis was arrested on 15 July 2011 and former editor Rebekah Brooks, the tenth person held in custody, on 17 July 2011. On a visit to London on 17 February 2012, Murdoch announced he was soon to launch a Sunday edition of The Sun, on 19 February 2012 it was announced that the first edition of The Sun on Sunday would be printed on 26 February 2012. It would employ some former News of the World journalists, the newspaper was first published as The News of the World on 1 October 1843, by John Browne Bell in London. Priced at three pence, even before the repeal of the Stamp Act or paper duty, it was the cheapest newspaper of its time and was aimed directly at the newly literate working classes and it quickly established itself as a purveyor of titillation, shock, and criminal news. Much of the material came from coverage of vice prosecutions, including transcripts of police descriptions of alleged brothels, streetwalkers. Before long, the News of the World established itself as the most widely read Sunday paper, the title was sold by the Bell family in 1891 to Henry Lascelles Carr who owned the Welsh Western Mail. As editor, he installed his nephew Emsley Carr, who held the post for 50 years, the real engine of the papers now quick commercial success, however, was George Riddell, who reorganised its national distribution using local agents. Matthew Engel, in his book Tickle the Public, One Hundred Years of the Popular Press, the paper was not without its detractors, though. Its called the News of the World—Ill send you a copy, replied Riddell, next time they met Riddell said, Well Greenwood, what do you think of my paper. I looked at it, replied Greenwood, and then I put it in the waste-paper basket, and then I thought, If I leave it there the cook may read it—so I burned it
39.
Shane Richie
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Shane Patrick Roche, known as Shane Richie, is an English actor, comedian, television presenter and singer. Richie has presented a number of BBC game shows including Reflex, Win Your Wish List and he progressed to the live stand up circuit – receiving a nomination for best new stand-up at the inaugural British Comedy Awards. In 1989, Richie made nightly appearances for Sky TVs chat show series Jameson Tonight, in 1990, Richie made his first terrestrial television appearances as one of the comics on the BBC One sketch show Up to Something. With Suzy Aitchison, David Schneider, Frances Dodge, Mike Hayley and Lewis MacLeod however, Richie was one of five comics along with Maddi Cryer, Annette Law, George Marshall and Billy Pearce. Richie later branched out into hosting game shows after proving successful as host of the quiz show Run the Risk. He moved into mainstream presenting with Caught in the Act, Win, Lose or Draw, The Shane Richie Experience and he also replaced Danny Baker in the doorstep challenge TV ads for Daz detergent, he had previously replaced Baker as host of Win, Lose or Draw. In the 2012 Christmas episode of The Sarah Millican Television Programme, Richie has had success in musicals, appearing in such musicals as Boogie Nights and the 1993 London revival production of Grease. s Im Your Man. Over Christmas 2005, Richie appeared in a run of Scrooge. In 2009, Richie was reportedly scheduled as the act for Michael Jacksons concerts at the O2 Arena. The concerts were cancelled following Jacksons death, during Christmas 2013, Richie appeared as Buttons in the pantomime Cinderella at the Wycombe Swan Theatre in High Wycombe. From 2002 to 2003, Richie played the villainous Danny Dexter on Night and he won supporting roles in low-profile British films beginning with Chris Barfoots award-winning short comedy movie Dead Clean and then later Distant Shadow. In 2003, Richie was executive producer for the British film Shoreditch and he invested a six-figure sum into the budget of the film, which ultimately made little profit. In 2007, Richie starred in ITV drama The Good Samaritan and he also starred in the second series of Skins on Channel 4 as Bruce Gelcart, a lecherous college drama lecturer. On 11 May 2008, Richie hosted a show on Sky1 called Dont Forget the Lyrics. Whereby contestants must finish off the lyrics to lines of songs in order to win money. On 25 April 2008, he was due to be a guest on The Paul OGrady Show, in February 2009, Richie starred in a revamp of the series Minder on Channel 5. Rather than a remake of the original, Richie stars as Archie Daley, the nephew of the character Arthur Daley from the original series, which ran from 1979 to 1994 on ITV. The BBC announced on 14 November 2011, that following Jimmy Saviles recent death, Jimll Fix It would return for a one-off Christmas Special in December 2011, in January 2014, Richie presented one series of BBC One game show Reflex, made by Objective Productions
