1.
Nelson Woss
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Nelson Woss is an Australian film producer who made the feature films Red Dog and Ned Kelly. He first worked in the industry at Village Roadshow in Los Angeles. Woss then went on to work for director Ivan Reitmans company Northern Lights, in 2000 Woss set up his own independent production company, Endymion Films Inc, and executive produced the feature film Venus & Mars. Woss also developed and produced the screenplay for the hit computer game Abuse, in 2002 Woss developed and produced the Australian feature film Ned Kelly for Universal Pictures. Woss produced the successful Australian feature film Red Dog, as of 17 November 2011 the film made more than A$21 million at the Australian box office since opening in August 2011. Red Dog is the eighth-highest grossing Australian film of all time and 11 days after opening, Red Dog won Best Film at the 1st AACTA Awards and the AFI Members Choice award. Red Dog was officially released on DVD, Blu-ray and digital download on 1 December 2011 in Australia, the Red Dog DVD is the biggest-selling Australian DVD of all time. The DVD is also the third-highest selling DVD of all time in Australia behind Avatar, a deal with Roadshow Entertainment and Coles saw one dollar from the sale of every DVD sold in Coles during December 2011 donated to the RSPCA. More than $17,000 was raised for the charity and in February 2012 Woss and Koko. In March 2012 it was announced that Woss was working with Australian theatre producer John Frost to adapt Red Dog into a stage musical, Woss is president of Endymion Films Inc. and its Australian counterpart Woss Group Film Productions. Woss lives in Perth, Western Australia, up until his death in December 2012 Koko, the canine star of Red Dog also lived with Woss. Woss and Koko were the subject of a portrait by acclaimed Australian artist Adam Cullen, Woss has teamed up with director Kriv Stenders and writer Dan Taplitz to produce Red Dog, True Blue, a follow up to Red Dog. It is scheduled for a 2017 release, in 2014 Woss set up a new company, Good Dog Distribution, to jointly distribute Blue Dog along with Roadshow Distribution. Media related to Nelson Woss at Wikimedia Commons
2.
Red Dog (novel)
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Red Dog is a short novel by Louis de Bernières charting the life of a popular dog, a Red Cloud Kelpie nicknamed Red Dog, in Karratha, Western Australia. A movie based on the novel was filmed in Australia in 2011, Red Dog covers the life span of a Red Cloud Kelpie, originally named Tally Ho. He is said to have hitched rides, adopted people and united communities throughout Western Australias mining region and his owners are Jack and Maureen Collins. At a barbecue, Tally Ho doesnt return to the owners after they leave, Red Dog meets John, a half Māori man, at the Hamersley Iron Transport section after a salt company has moved in. Red Dog is very attached to John and they spend a lot of time together, as the town grows, more people come and befriend Red Dog. Nancy and Patsy come into the story, when Nancy notices that Red Dog has been shot, she calls John and his friend. They stop work in order to treat Red Dog and prevent his bleeding to death, John has an accident and dies. Red Dog doesnt realize John has died so he goes out and he meets Nancy and then they have ice cream. He spends time in a park with Nancy and meets Red Cat. They eventually befriend each other despite their differences, Red Dog is suspected of having heartworm and has treatment for it. Red Dog returns to the park, where he is noticed by the caretakers. The Cribbages are portrayed as bad people, with Mr. Cribbage described as having a Hitler-like mustache and they decide to throw Nancy out because she has let Red Dog stay despite the parks having a no dogs policy. When other locals learn that the Cribbages are trying to get rid of the popular dog, Red Dog is poisoned by strychnine and has to be put down. Bill and Piotr find him and dont want him to suffer and they take him to the vet who had treated him before. He gives the dog a painkiller and eases his death, the locals hold a funeral for Red Dog and a monument for him is built in Dampier, Western Australia. Red Dog Red Dog Red Dog,1983 short story collection by Nancy Gillespie 2011 Movie release version of Louis de Bernieres RED DOG
3.
Koko (dog)
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Koko was an Australian canine film actor and fundraiser, an Australian Kelpie who best known for his role as Red Dog the title character of the 2011 film Red Dog. He was owned by Nelson Woss, a producer of Red Dog, Koko was born in Victoria, Australia in 2005 to breeders Carol and Len Hobday and initially trained as a show dog. He won Best Exhibiting Group, Working Dogs in January 2006 and it was quite unusual for a dog so young to win in that group. Koko came to prominence in 2011 for his work in Red Dog, which was based on a story about a dog in a mining town. He won the Golden Collar Award for Best Dog in a Foreign Film in Los Angeles for his portrayal, a painting of Koko with producer Nelson Woss by artist Adam Cullen was a finalist in the 2012 Archibald Prize. In 2012, Koko was retired after he was diagnosed with heart disease. However, he continued to make appearances for the RSPCA. Koko died from heart failure on 18 December 2012, in Perth, Koko at the Internet Movie Database
4.
Josh Lucas
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Joshua Lucas Easy Dent Maurer, better known as Josh Lucas, is an American actor. He has appeared in films, including Glory Road, Sweet Home Alabama, A Beautiful Mind, Hulk, Stealth, Poseidon, J. Edgar. Lucas was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, the son of Michele, a midwife, and Don Maurer. Lucas grew up traveling the South with his parents, who were antinuclear activists, by the age of 13, he had lived in 30 different locations, including the Isle of Palms and Sullivans Island, South Carolina. His mother attended Emerson College with Jay Leno, the family eventually settled in the town of Gig Harbor, Washington. He attended Kopachuck Middle School and graduated from Gig Harbor High School in 1989 and he did not attend college so he could pursue his acting career. Lucas began his career when he was 19, having moved to Hollywood after his school graduation. Soon afterward, he made his film debut in Frank Marshalls Alive about a group of Uruguayan rugby players who, after crashing in the Andes mountains. Upon returning to the States, he was receiving offers as high school/college boyfriends. While working with George C. Scott on a TV-movie from the Heat of the Night series, Scott told him he needed to take acting lessons, shortly thereafter, he departed Hollywood and moved to New York City, where he studied privately with various acting coaches. He followed that with small roles in the dramas Minotaur. He took his first stab at comedy in The Definite Maybe, in which he played a recent college graduate who gets fired from his job and he appeared as an American businessman in Jule Gilfillans romantic comedy-drama Restless. He also appeared in a production of Terrence McNallys controversial Corpus Christi. Lucas played the role of Judas as a gay predator, right before the play was to open, Lucas was mugged and beaten on his way to the theater for dress rehearsal. He played the role of Judas with bloody bandages across his broken nose, the audience thought the bandages were part of the play. One of Lucas first feature roles was playing Jace Flash Dillon in the cinematic PC flight simulator Wing Commander III, Lucas gained mainstream exposure after his roles in Sweet Home Alabama, A Beautiful Mind, and as Glenn Talbot in Hulk. He later gained success in leading roles in such as Glory Road, Poseidon. In Glory Road, he starred as basketball coach Don Haskins and his next project was Boaz Yakin’s Death in Love
5.
Rachael Taylor
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Rachael May Taylor is an Australian actress and model. Her first leading role was in the Australian series headLand and she then made the transition to Hollywood, appearing in films including Man-Thing, See No Evil, Transformers, Bottle Shock, Cedar Boys, Splinterheads, Shutter, Red Dog and Any Questions for Ben. She currently stars as Trish Walker in the Netflix Marvel Cinematic Universe series Jessica Jones, Taylor was born in Launceston, Tasmania, the daughter of Christine and Nigel Taylor. Taylor had wanted to be an actress since she was a child, Taylor modelled for Skye-Jilly International and competed successfully in the State finals of Miss Teen Tasmania. She has appeared in a number of American productions – such as television movies about Natalie Wood and the making of Dynasty, Taylor played Sasha Forbes on the short-lived Australian drama series headLand. On 3 April 2006, she was nominated for a Logie Award for Most Popular New Female Talent for her role on headLand. Her most prominent role to date was as Maggie, a signals analyst, in the 2007 Transformers, Taylor confirmed that she would not be returning for the Transformers sequel. In 2008, Taylor scored a role in the US horror-thriller Shutter. Despite mixed reviews, the film was a box-office success, in 2009, she completed the Australian feature Cedar Boys and starred in the comedy Splinterheads. In 2010, she starred alongside Alex Dimitriades in the Australian romantic drama Summer Coda and she has also signed to the HBO comedy series Washingtonienne and Melt, an Australian production. Taylor began a role on Greys Anatomy as Dr. Lucy Fields. In 2011, Taylor joined the cast of the remake of the television series Charlies Angels. Also in 2011, she had a role in the film Red Dog and starred in the Russian science-fiction thriller film The Darkest Hour. Taylor had key supporting role in the 2012 Australian comedy Any Questions for Ben. created by Working Dog Productions, although the film performed disappointingly at the box-office and received lukewarm reviews, Taylor was praised for her role. Leigh Paatsch in the Herald-Sun wrote Taylor exudes a warmth and assurance and it is a shame she is missing in action for lengthy spells in the picture. For the 2012-13 American television season Taylor starred in the new drama 666 Park Avenue and she was next cast in the 2014 NBC series Crisis, which ran for one season. In January 2015, Taylor was cast as Patricia Trish Walker in Marvel and Netflixs series Jessica Jones and she appeared in the two time Dutch remake The Loft alongside fellow Australian Isabel Lucas. Rachael Taylor at the Internet Movie Database Rachael Taylor at AllMovie Rachael Taylor on Twitter
6.
John Batchelor (actor)
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John David Batchelor is a Singaporean-born Australian television and film actor. He is most known for portraying Chief Petty Officer Marine Technical / Chief Engineer Andy Charge Thorpe on the Australian drama series Sea Patrol, Batchelor graduated from Australias National Institute of Dramatic Art with a degree in Performing Arts in 1992. Besides portraying Andy Charge Thorpe on Sea Patrol, Batchelor has had guest roles on All Saints, Water Rats, Stingers and he appeared in the 2003 films, Inspector Gadget 2 and Danny Deckchair, and in the 2008 film The Tender Hook. Batchelor also had a role as a bodyguard in the Australian comedy film Fat Pizza. Batchelor was born in Singapore to Australian parents, when he turned 7 he moved to Brisbane Australia where he resided for most of his childhood. In a 2012 interview Batchelor revealed that he died from a bacterial infection at age 3. After passing out from a cardiac arrest in the room in Melbourne Childrens Hospital, he was revived with CPR. As a child, Batchelor and his family moved around frequently and he spent most of his childhood living in Brisbane while his father worked in the Australian army. He was awarded 2 State Theatre Awards before leaving to go back to Sydney, Australia. ausstage. edu. au/pages/contributor/6162
7.
Village Roadshow
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Village Roadshow Limited, is an Australian mass media and entertainment company with interests in a diversity of fields, including cinema, theme parks, film production and distribution. The company is a publicly listed entity on the Australian Securities Exchange and it is majority owned by Village Roadshow Corporation, run by CEO Robert Kirby, John Kirby and Graham Burke. Village Roadshow originally commenced operations as Village Drive-Ins, in 1954, the drive-in was adjacent to a shopping strip called Croydon Village, hence the company adopted the Village name. The company later expanded into traditional cinemas in major areas, though it operates the Coburg Drive-In in Coburg. In the 1960s the company expanded to start its film distribution business, the original cinema chain now became one of several businesses the company was involved in. In the 1980s, Village Roadshow was one of the forces in creating state of the art multiplex cinema complexes. Innovations brought in during this period included using stadium-style seating, sophisticated sound systems, the cinemas of that era were the forerunners to the multiplexes of today. In 1988, Village Roadshow took over De Laurentiis Entertainment Group and this allowed the company to raise more capital to fund further expansion. In the 1990s, the company diversified into complementary media and entertainment businesses, Village Roadshow has scaled back its international cinema markets to Australia and Singapore. The company merged its Village Roadshow Pictures arm with Concord Music Group to form a Los Angeles-based diversified entertainment division, in 2003, the company formed a joint venture, Australian Theatres, with Amalgamated Holdings Limited, owners of Greater Union and several other cinema brands. The original founding business, Village Cinemas, is part of the joint venture, in 2008, Village Roadshow and Concord Music Group, co-owned by television producer Norman Lear, said they completed a merger forming a new company to exploit their film and music assets. Investors in the new company include Lambert Entertainment and private equity firms Tailwind Capital Partners, however, on March 25,2013, Wood Creek Capital led investor group purchased Concord Music Group from Village Roadshow Entertainment Group
8.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
9.
Italian language
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By most measures, Italian, together with Sardinian, is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is a language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City. Italian is spoken by minorities in places such as France, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages, Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world. Italian is a major European language, being one of the languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers, including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world, Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latins contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive, however, Italian as a language used in Italy and some surrounding regions has a longer history. What would come to be thought of as Italian was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri, written in his native Florentine. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the language of Italy. Italian was also one of the recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Italy has always had a dialect for each city, because the cities. Those dialects now have considerable variety, as Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages
10.
Serbian language
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Serbian is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the language of Serbia and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a minority language in Montenegro, Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia. Standard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, which is also the basis of Standard Croatian, Bosnian, the other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian. Serbian is practically the only European standard language with complete synchronic digraphia, the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created the alphabet on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet was designed by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1830, Serbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a Slavic language, of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian, Croatian, and Montenegrin and it has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian, than with Slovene. The 2011 census show that 42. 88% still declare Serbian to be their native language, Standard Serbian language uses both Cyrillic and Latin script. Even in official government documents this constitutional requirement is rarely enforced, Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia, a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them. Media and publishers typically select one alphabet or another, for example, the public broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia, predominantly uses the Cyrillic script whereas the privately run broadcasters, like RTV Pink, predominantly use the Latin script. A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of the Serbian population favors the Latin alphabet whereas 36% favors the Cyrillic one and these are the tenses of the indicative mood. Apart from the mood, there is also the imperative mood. The conditional mood has two more tenses, the first conditional and the second conditional, Serbian has active and passive voice. As for the verb forms, Serbian has one infinitive. Most Serbian words are of native Slavic lexical stock, tracing back to the Proto-Slavic language, there are many loanwords from different languages, reflecting cultural interaction throughout history. Notable loanwords were borrowed from Greek, Latin, Italian, Turkish, Hungarian, Russian, Serbian literature emerged in the Middle Ages, and included such works as Miroslavljevo jevanđelje in 1192 and Dušanov zakonik in 1349. In the mid-15th century, Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, however, some of the greatest literary works in Serbian come from this time, in the form of oral literature, the most notable form being Serbian epic poetry. The epic poems were written down in the 19th century, and preserved in oral tradition up to the 1950s
11.
Russian language
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Russian is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the four living members of the East Slavic languages, written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century and beyond. It is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages and it is also the largest native language in Europe, with 144 million native speakers in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Russian is the eighth most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers, the language is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Russian is also the second most widespread language on the Internet after English, Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language, another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Russian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family and it is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus. From the point of view of the language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect, although vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. In the 19th century, the language was often called Great Russian to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called White Russian and Ukrainian, however, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with different meanings. For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language and it is also regarded by the United States Intelligence Community as a hard target language, due to both its difficulty to master for English speakers and its critical role in American world policy. The standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language, mikhail Lomonosov first compiled a normalizing grammar book in 1755, in 1783 the Russian Academys first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features are observed in colloquial speech. Thus, the Russian language is the 6th largest in the world by number of speakers, after English, Mandarin, Hindi/Urdu, Spanish, Russian is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Education in Russian is still a choice for both Russian as a second language and native speakers in Russia as well as many of the former Soviet republics. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics, samuel P. Huntington wrote in the Clash of Civilizations, During the heyday of the Soviet Union, Russian was the lingua franca from Prague to Hanoi
12.
Polish language
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Polish is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles. It belongs to the Lechitic subgroup of the West Slavic languages, Polish is the official language of Poland, but it is also used throughout the world by Polish minorities in other countries. It is one of the languages of the European Union. Its written standard is the Polish alphabet, which has 9 additions to the letters of the basic Latin script, Polish is closely related to Kashubian, Silesian, Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian, Czech and Slovak. It is also the second most widely spoken Slavic language, after Russian, in history, Polish is known to be an important language, both diplomatically and academically in Central and Eastern Europe. Today, Polish is spoken by over 38.5 million people as their first language in Poland. It is also spoken as a language in western parts of Belarus and Ukraine, west and central Lithuania, as well as the northern parts of the Czech Republic. There are 55 million Polish language speakers around the world, Polish began to emerge as a distinct language around the 10th century, the process largely triggered by the establishment and development of the Polish state. With Christianity, Poland also adopted the Latin alphabet, which made it possible to write down Polish, the precursor to modern Polish is the Old Polish language. Ultimately, Polish is thought to descend from the unattested Proto-Slavic language, Poland is the most linguistically homogeneous European country, nearly 97% of Polands citizens declare Polish as their first language. Elsewhere, Poles constitute large minorities in Lithuania, Belarus, Polish is the most widely used minority language in Lithuanias Vilnius County and is found elsewhere in southeastern Lithuania. There are significant numbers of Polish speakers among Polish emigrants and their descendants in many other countries, in the United States, Polish Americans number more than 11 million but most of them cannot speak Polish fluently. The largest concentrations of Polish speakers reported in the census were found in three states, Illinois, New York, and New Jersey. Enough people in these areas speak Polish that PNC Financial Services offer services available in Polish at all of their machines in addition to English and Spanish. According to the 2011 census there are now over 500,000 people in England, in Canada, there is a significant Polish Canadian population, There are 242,885 speakers of Polish according to the 2006 census, with a particular concentration in Toronto and Montreal. The geographical distribution of the Polish language was affected by the territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II. Poles settled in the Recovered Territories in the west and north and this tendency toward a homogeneity also stems from the vertically integrated nature of the authoritarian Polish Peoples Republic. The inhabitants of different regions of Poland still speak standard Polish somewhat differently, first-language speakers of Polish have no trouble understanding each other, and non-native speakers may have difficulty distinguishing regional variations
13.
Australian dollar
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Within Australia, it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign, with A$ or AU$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents, in 2011, the Australian dollar was the fifth most traded currency in the world, accounting for 7. 6% of the worlds daily share. It trades in the foreign exchange markets behind the US dollar, the euro, the yen. The currency is referred to by foreign-exchange traders as the Aussie dollar. With pounds, shillings and pence to be replaced by decimal currency on 14 February 1966, in 1963, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, a monarchist, wished to name the currency the royal. Other proposed names included more exotic suggestions such as the austral, the oz, the boomer, the roo, the kanga, the emu, the digger, the quid, the dinkum and the ming. Menzies influence resulted in the selection of the royal, and trial designs were prepared and printed by the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Treasurer, Harold Holt, announced the decision in Parliament on 5 June 1963. The royal would be subdivided into 100 cents, but the existing names shilling, florin, the name royal for the currency proved very unpopular, with Holt and his wife even receiving death threats. On 24 July Holt told the Cabinet the decision had been a terrible mistake, on 18 September Holt advised Parliament that the name was to be the dollar, of 100 cents. The Australian pound, introduced in 1910 and officially distinct in value from the pound sterling since devaluation in 1931, was replaced by the dollar on 14 February 1966. The rate of conversion for the new currency was two dollars per Australian pound, or ten Australian shillings per dollar. The exchange rate was pegged to the pound sterling at a rate of $1 =8 shillings, in 1967, Australia effectively left the sterling area, when the pound sterling was devalued against the US dollar and the Australian dollar did not follow. It maintained its peg to the US dollar at the rate of A$1 = US$1.12, on 27 September 2012, the Reserve Bank of Australia stated that they had ordered work on a project to upgrade the current banknotes. The upgraded banknotes will incorporate a number of new features so that they remain secure into the future, the first new banknotes were issued from the 1st of September 2016, with the remaining denominations to be issued in the coming years. In 1966, coins were introduced in denominations of 1,2,5,10,20 and 50 cents. The initial 50-cent coins contained high silver content and were withdrawn after a year after the value of the silver content was found to exceed the face value of the coins. One-dollar coins were introduced in 1984, followed by two-dollar coins in 1988, the one- and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1991 and withdrawn from circulation. In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of decimal currency, the 2006 mint proof and uncirculated sets included one-, in early 2013, Australias first triangular coin was introduced, to mark the 25th anniversary of the opening of Parliament House
14.
Red Dog (Pilbara)
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Red Dog was a kelpie/cattle dog cross that was well known for his travels through Western Australias Pilbara region. A statue was installed in his memory in Dampier, one of the towns to which he often returned and he is frequently referred to as a red kelpie or a red cloud kelpie. Red Dog is believed to have born in the town of Paraburdoo in 1971. Red Dog was called by a variety of names by those who knew him, including, Bluey, Tally Ho, and Dog of the Northwest. Tally Ho was his first name, given to him by a man called Col Cummings, who is believed to have been his first owner, the nickname Red Dog has been attributed to the red dirt of the Pilbara Region. His second owner was John Stazzonelli, a bus driver with Hamersley Iron, with John, Red Dog travelled as far as Perth, Broome, Roebourne, Point Samson and Port Hedland. Following Stazzonellis death in 1975, Red Dog spent a lot of traveling on his own. He was also taken in by members of the community. Each time he visited the vet, it was with a new owner, Red was made a member of the Dampier Salts Sport and Social Club and the Transport Workers Union. He was also given an account with the Bank of New South Wales. Although Red Dog was well liked, it is believed that he was poisoned in 1979 by strychnine. Red Dog is buried in a grave in the outback around Roebourne. Red Dogs story and statue have caught the attention of a number of passing through Dampier including British author Louis de Bernières. He wrote a book based on Reds legend, called Red Dog. A four-wheel drive club has named in his honour. De Bernieres novel was adapted as an acclaimed feature film about Red. It was made in Australia and released in August 2011, based on a screenplay by Daniel Taplitz, it is directed by Kriv Stenders. The title role was played by Koko, bob the Railway Dog, an Australian precursor Dog on the Tuckerbox Hachi, A Dogs Tale http, //www. reddogwa. com
15.
1st AACTA Awards
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The ceremony was televised on the Nine Network. The Academy presented awards for achievements in film, and announced the nominees at the AACTA Awards Luncheon. These awards will serve as a continuum to the Australian Film Institute Awards, a gold statuette was created by Australian sculptor Ron Gomboc, which depicts a human silhouette based on the shape of the Southern Cross constellation. The president of the awards is Australian actor Geoffrey Rush, works entered between 7 October 2010 and 2 November 2011 for films, and 5 May 2010 and 24 May 2011 for short films and documentaries were eligible for awards. The films were showcased at the inaugural Festival of Film from 6 October –14 November in Sydney and Melbourne, for the general public, and for Academy and AFI members to view and judge. The first nominees were announced on 30 August 2011, for non-feature film categories, Best Feature Length Documentary, Best Short Animation, round one voting for feature film categories commenced on 2 November and ended on 16 November. Following the announcement of the nominees on 30 November, round two voting commenced to determine the winners in each category, and ended on 14 December 2011. Foreign films were recognised at the AACTA International Awards ceremony. The nominees were announced at the AACTA Awards Luncheon on 15 January 2011, in conjunction with the Australia Week Black Tie Gala, and this marks the first time in ten years since the awards have been presented in Sydney, which had been held in Melbourne previously. The awards date has been shifted from its usual November/December date, to January,2012, the awards ceremony was broadcast by the Nine Network. During the AACTA Awards luncheon, special awards were handed out to individuals for their contribution to the Australian screen industry. The Longford Lyell Award, an achievement award, was presented to Don McAlpine. The Outstanding Achievement in Television Screen Craft award was given to production designer Herbert Pinter, winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Official website
16.
Luke Ford
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Luke Ford is an Australian actor. Ford was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada but raised in Sydney and he attended Parramatta Marist High School in Westmead, Sydney, and once worked at the Winston Hills Hotel, and a short stint at Universal Magazines in North Ryde. Ford studied acting at The Actors Pulse in Sydney, becoming one of the schools earliest graduates and he later returned to teach the Meisner Technique when he was between film roles. He appeared in the TV movie The Junction Boys alongside Tom Berenger, as Iphicles in the NBC miniseries Hercules, Ford was short listed for a Best New Talent Logie Award for his recurring role of Craig Woodland on McLeods Daughters. Fords film career began with the release of the Australian film Kokoda in 2006, delivering a performance as Burke, next came The Black Balloon with Toni Collette, a tour de force performance that won him an Australian Film Institute Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2008. In the film, Ford plays Charlie Mollison, a boy with autism, Ford spent six months researching the role, including taking to the streets of Sydney in character to determine the effectiveness of his characterisation. The Black Balloon premiered at the Berlin Film Festival, where it won the Crystal Bear award. Immediately following The Black Balloon, Ford signed on to star in the installment of the Mummy series, The Mummy, Tomb of the Dragon Emperor opposite Brendan Fraser. In the film, Ford plays Alex OConnell, son of Frasers Rick OConnell, the film was released in the US on 1 August 2008. In 2009, he had roles in 3 Acts of Murder, in 2010 and 2011, he had roles in several Australian films, including Animal Kingdom, Red Dog and Face to Face. Luke Ford at the Internet Movie Database Interview – Web Wombat Movie Channel
17.
Dampier, Western Australia
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Dampier is a major industrial port in the northwest of Western Australia. The Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago, the port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of ore through the port. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341, the Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island,3 km off the Pilbara coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, in 1963 the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979 Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had named after Henry Burrup. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699 reaching the Dampier Archipelago and he continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price, by 1968, the further expansion of Dampier had been constrained by geographical factors and a new town of Karratha was established on the mainland as a result. The Burrup Peninsula, or Murujuga, which means Hip Bone Sticking Out in the Yaburrara language, is home to what is believed to be the largest collection of petroglyphs in the world, there are 42 other islands in the Dampier Archipelago. There is a diverse marine ecosystem around the islands, including whales, dugongs, turtles, coral. Green turtles, are known to nest in the Dampier Archipelago, under the Köppen climate classification, Dampier has a desert climate. The annual average rainfall is 272.2 millimetres, which would make it a climate, except, like Alice Springs. Dampier has extremely hot and humid summers with dewpoints exceeding 24 °C, having over 3,700 hours of annual sunshine, it is one of the sunniest places in Australia. At the entrance to the town is a statue of Red Dog, the statue reads Erected by the many friends made during his travels. Other attractions include the not far off the coast, the most commonly targeted species being barramundi. The port of Dampier was opened in 1966, when the first iron ore from the Mount Tom Price mine was transported via the Hamersley & Robe River railway to Parker Point, the port at East Intercourse Island opened in 1972. The port has a loading capacity of 140 million tonnes of iron ore. Rio Tintos other iron ore port, Cape Lambert, can handle 80 million tonnes per year and it takes from 24 to 36 hours to load a ship at port
18.
Western Australia
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Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Southern Ocean to the south, the state has about 2.6 million inhabitants, around 11% of the national total. 92% of the lives in the south-west corner of the state. The first European visitor to Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog, the first European settlement of Western Australia occurred following the landing by Major Edmund Lockyer on 26 December 1826 of an expedition on behalf of the New South Wales colonial government. This was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, including the site of the present-day capital, york was the first inland settlement in Western Australia. Situated 97 kilometres east of Perth, it was settled on 16 September 1831, Western Australia achieved responsible government in 1890, and federated with the other British colonies in Australia in 1901. Today its economy relies on mining, agriculture and tourism. The state produces 46% of Australias exports, Western Australia is the second-largest iron ore producer in the world. The International Hydrographic Organization designates the body of water south of the continent as part of the Indian Ocean, the total length of the states eastern border is 1,862 km. There are 20,781 km of coastline, including 7,892 km of island coastline, the total land area occupied by the state is 2.5 million km2. Most of the state is a low plateau with an elevation of about 400 metres, very low relief. This descends relatively sharply to the plains, in some cases forming a sharp escarpment. The extreme age of the landscape has meant that the soils are remarkably infertile, even soils derived from granitic bedrock contain an order of magnitude less available phosphorus and only half as much nitrogen as soils in comparable climates in other continents. Soils derived from extensive sandplains or ironstone are even less fertile, nearly devoid of soluble phosphate and also deficient in zinc, copper, molybdenum, the infertility of most of the soils has required heavy application by farmers of chemical fertilisers, particularly superphosphate, insecticides and herbicides. These have resulted in damage to invertebrate and bacterial populations, the grazing and use of hoofed mammals and, later, heavy machinery through the years have resulted in compaction of soils and great damage to the fragile soils. Large-scale land clearing for agriculture has damaged habitats for native flora, large areas of the states wheatbelt region have problems with dryland salinity and the loss of fresh water. The southwest coastal area has a Mediterranean climate and it was originally heavily forested, including large stands of karri, one of the tallest trees in the world. This agricultural region is one of the nine most bio-diverse terrestrial habitats, thanks to the offshore Leeuwin Current, the area is one of the top six regions for marine biodiversity and contains the most southerly coral reefs in the world
19.
Euthanasia
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Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. There are different euthanasia laws in each country, the British House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics defines euthanasia as a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering. In the Netherlands and Flanders, euthanasia is understood as termination of life by a doctor at the request of a patient, Euthanasia is categorized in different ways, which include voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia is legal in some countries, non-voluntary euthanasia is illegal in all countries. Involuntary euthanasia is illegal in all countries and is usually considered murder. As of 2006, euthanasia is the most active area of research in contemporary bioethics, in some countries there is a divisive public controversy over the moral, ethical, and legal issues of euthanasia. Jurisdictions where euthanasia is legal include the Netherlands, Canada, Colombia, Belgium, like other terms borrowed from history, euthanasia has had different meanings depending on usage. Bacon referred to an outward euthanasia—the term outward he used to distinguish from a spiritual concept—the euthanasia which regards the preparation of the soul, in current usage, euthanasia has been defined as the painless inducement of a quick death. Another approach incorporates the notion of suffering into the definition, the third element incorporated into many definitions is that of intentionality – the death must be intended, rather than being accidental, and the intent of the action must be a merciful death. Beauchamp and Davidson also highlight Baruch Brodys an act of euthanasia is one in one person. Kills another person for the benefit of the person, who actually does benefit from being killed. Prior to Draper, Beauchamp and Davidson had also offered a definition that includes these elements and their definition specifically discounts fetuses in order to distinguish between abortions and euthanasia, In summary, we have argued. In discussing his definition, Wreen noted the difficulty of justifying euthanasia when faced with the notion of the right to life. In response, Wreen argued that euthanasia has to be voluntary, and that euthanasia is, as such. Other commentators incorporate consent more directly into their definitions, hence, euthanasia can be voluntary only. Euthanasia may be classified according to whether a person gives informed consent into three types, voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary, however, others see consent as essential. Euthanasia conducted with the consent of the patient is termed voluntary euthanasia, active voluntary euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Passive voluntary euthanasia is legal throughout the U. S. per Cruzan v. Director, when the patient brings about his or her own death with the assistance of a physician, the term assisted suicide is often used instead
20.
Pilbara Iron
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All of these companies are involved in the mining of iron ore, predominantly from the Pilbara region of Western Australia. In 2004, Rio Tinto announced that Robe and Hamersley would start merging operations under the new Pilbara Iron entity, the concept had been tested by the formation of Pilbara Rail in 2001, which generated more than $16 million in savings. Pilbara Rail was folded into Pilbara Iron in 2005, each company continues to market products separately and retains ownership and profits from the underlying mines, as well as strategic development of their own mineral resources. From there the ore is shipped across the world, with China, may 1967 - Hamersly Holdings Limited shares on the ASX September 1973 - Hamersley Japan Limited incorporated May 1974 - Hamersley Europe Pty. Limited incorporated The film Red Dog, based on stories about an actual wandering dog of the Pilbara region, was made at Hamersley Iron locations, Pilbara historical timeline Pilbara newspapers Rio Tinto Iron Ore Official website
21.
Kangaroo
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The kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae. The Australian government estimates that 34.3 million kangaroos lived within the commercial harvest areas of Australia in 2011, as with the terms wallaroo and wallaby, kangaroo refers to a polyphyletic grouping of species. All three refer to members of the taxonomic family, Macropodidae, and are distinguished according to size. The largest species in the family are called kangaroos and the smallest are generally called wallabies, the term wallaroos refers to species of an intermediate size. There is also the tree-kangaroo, another genus of macropod, which inhabits the rainforests of New Guinea, far northeastern Queensland. Kangaroos have large, powerful legs, large feet adapted for leaping, a long muscular tail for balance. Like most marsupials, female kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which joeys complete postnatal development, the large kangaroos have adapted much better than the smaller macropods to land clearing for pastoral agriculture and habitat changes brought to the Australian landscape by humans. Many of the species are rare and endangered, while kangaroos are relatively plentiful. The kangaroo is important to both Australian culture and the image, and consequently there are numerous popular culture references. Wild kangaroos are shot for meat, leather hides, and to grazing land. Although controversial, kangaroo meat has perceived health benefits for human consumption compared with traditional meats due to the low level of fat on kangaroos, the word kangaroo derives from the Guugu Yimithirr word gangurru, referring to grey kangaroos. Cook first referred to kangaroos in his entry of 4 August. Guugu Yimithirr is the language of the people of the area, a common myth about the kangaroos English name is that kangaroo was a Guugu Yimithirr phrase for I dont understand you. According to this legend, Cook and Banks were exploring the area when they happened upon the animal and they asked a nearby local what the creatures were called. The local responded Kangaroo, meaning I dont understand you, which Cook took to be the name of the creature and this myth was debunked in the 1970s by linguist John B. Haviland in his research with the Guugu Yimithirr people, Kangaroos are often colloquially referred to as roos. Male kangaroos are called bucks, boomers, jacks, or old men, females are does, flyers, or jills, the collective noun for kangaroos is a mob, troop, or court. There are four species that are referred to as kangaroos
22.
Pilbara
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The Pilbara is a large, dry, thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal peoples, its ancient landscapes and it is one of nine regions of the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993, and is also a bioregion under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia. The region has an population of 48,610 as of June 2010. The Pilbara covers an area of 502,000 km2, which some of Earths oldest rock formations. It includes landscapes of coastal plains and mountain ranges with cliffs, the major settlements of the region are Port Hedland, Karratha and Newman. The area is known for its petroleum, natural gas and iron ore deposits, other than mining, pastoral activities as well as fishing and tourism are the main industries. The Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre Wangka Maya says that the name for the Pilbara region derives from the Aboriginal word bilybara, meaning dry in the Nyamal, alternatively, The Western Australia Gas Industry claims that the region takes its name from pilbarra, an Aboriginal word for the mullet. The Pilbara Creek is a tributary of the Yule River, a significant river in the region, pilbarra and barramundi can still be caught in the Yule River today. This Pilbara Creek lent its name to the Pilbara Goldfield, discovered in 1885, the first European to explore the area was Francis Thomas Gregory in 1861. Settlements along the coast at Cossack, Roebourne and Shellborough were established over ensuing decades as agricultural and pastoral centres,1900, these largely went into decline with the growth of other, more productive agricultural areas of the state. On 3 October 1952, the British conducted their first atomic bomb tests on the Montebello Islands as part of Operation Hurricane, the Aboriginal population of the Pilbara considerably predates, by 30-40,000 years, the European colonisation of the region. Archaeological evidence indicates people were living in the Pilbara even during the harsh climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum. The early history of the first peoples is held within a tradition, archeological evidence. Near the town of Dampier is a known as Murujuga. Rock art in the Pilbara appears to have been etched into the hard rock surfaces. This does not preclude that painting was and is not performed in the Pilbara, in 2006, it was estimated that 15% of the population of the Pilbara was of Indigenous background, approximately 6,000 people. Family clans in the Pilbara who were supported by mining prospector, Don McLeod, developed skills for mining, for a short period money accumulated, which according to Aboriginal law was to be used for traditional ways. Eventually the funds were used to establish an independent Aboriginal-controlled school, the concept has expanded into a movement with around 20 similar schools established in northern Western Australia by the mid 1990s
23.
Perth
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Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo
24.
Darwin, Northern Territory
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Darwin /ˈdɑːrwᵻn/ is the capital city of the Northern Territory of Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin is the largest city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory and it is the smallest and most northerly of the Australian capital cities, and acts as the Top Ends regional centre. Darwins proximity to South East Asia makes it a link between Australia and countries such as Indonesia and East Timor, the Stuart Highway begins in Darwin, ending at Port Augusta in South Australia. The city itself is built on a low bluff overlooking the harbour and its suburbs spread out over some area, beginning at Lee Point in the north and stretching to Berrimah in the east. Past Berrimah, the Stuart Highway goes on to Darwins satellite city, Palmerston, the Darwin region, like the rest of the Top End, has a tropical climate, with a wet and a dry season. Prone to cyclone activity during the wet season, Darwin experiences heavy monsoonal downpours, during the dry season, the city is met with blue skies and gentle sea breezes from the harbour. The greater Darwin area is the home of the Larrakia people. On 9 September 1839, HMS Beagle sailed into Darwin harbour during its surveying of the area, John Clements Wickham named the region Port Darwin in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ships previous voyage which had ended in October 1836. The settlement there became the town of Palmerston in 1869, and was renamed Darwin in 1911. The city has been almost entirely rebuilt four times, following devastation caused by the 1897 cyclone, the 1937 cyclone, Japanese air raids during World War II, the Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the traditional custodians and the first inhabitants of the greater Darwin area. They had trading routes with Southeast Asia, and imported goods from as far afield as South, established songlines penetrated throughout the country, allowing stories and histories to be told and retold along the routes. The extent of shared songlines and history of multiple groups within this area is still contestable. The Dutch visited Australias northern coastline in the 1600s and landed on the Tiwi Islands only to be repelled by the Tiwi peoples, the Dutch created the first European maps of the area. This accounts for the Dutch names in the area, such as Arnhem Land, the first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of HMS Beagle on 9 September 1839. The ships captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, in 1863, the Northern Territory was tranferred from New South Wales to South Australia. In 1864 South Australia sent B. T. Finniss north as Government Resident to survey, Finniss chose a site at Escape Cliffs, near the entrance to Adelaide River, about 60 km northeast of the modern city. This attempt was short-lived, however, and the settlement abandoned by 1865, on 5 February 1869, George Goyder, the Surveyor-General of South Australia, established a small settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin between Fort Hill and the escarpment. Goyder named the settlement Palmerston, after the British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, in 1870, the first poles for the Overland Telegraph were erected in Darwin, connecting Australia to the rest of the world
25.
William Dampier
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William Dampier was an English explorer and navigator who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. He has also described as Australias first natural historian, as well as one of the most important British explorers of the period between Sir Walter Raleigh and James Cook. On a later voyage he rescued Alexander Selkirk, a former crewmate who may have inspired Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe, others influenced by Dampier include James Cook, Horatio Nelson, Charles Darwin, and Alfred Russel Wallace. William Dampier was born at Hymerford House in East Coker, Somerset and he was baptised on 5 September, but his precise date of birth is not recorded. He was educated at Kings School, Bruton, Dampier sailed on two merchant voyages to Newfoundland and Java before joining the Royal Navy in 1673. He took part in the two Battles of Schooneveld in June of that year, Dampiers service was cut short by a catastrophic illness, and he returned to England for several months of recuperation. For the next years he tried his hand at various careers, including plantation management in Jamaica and logging in Mexico. Returning to England, he married Judith around 1679, only to leave for the sea a few months later. This led to his first circumnavigation, during which he accompanied a raid across the Isthmus of Darién in Panama, the pirates then raided Spanish settlements in Peru before returning to the Caribbean. Dampier made his way to Virginia, where in 1683 he was engaged by the privateer John Cooke, Cooke entered the Pacific via Cape Horn and spent a year raiding Spanish possessions in Peru, the Galápagos Islands, and Mexico. This expedition collected buccaneers and ships as it went along, at one time having a fleet of ten vessels, Cooke died in Mexico, and a new leader, Edward Davis, was elected captain by the crew. Dampier transferred to the privateer Charles Swans ship, Cygnet, and on 31 March 1686 they set out across the Pacific to raid the East Indies, calling at Guam, Spanish witnesses saw the predominantly English crew as not only pirates and heretics but also cannibals. Leaving Swan and 36 others behind on Mindanao, the rest of the privateers sailed on to Manila, Poulo Condor, China, the Spice Islands, and New Holland. On 5 January 1688, Cygnet anchored two miles from shore in 29 fathoms on the northwest coast of Australia, near King Sound. Dampier and his ship remained there until March 12, and while the ship was being careened Dampier made notes on the fauna and flora, among his fellows were a significant number of Spanish sailors, most notably Alonso Ramírez, a native of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Later that year, by agreement, Dampier and two shipmates were marooned on one of the Nicobar Islands and they obtained a small canoe which they modified after first capsizing and then, after surviving a great storm at sea, called at Acheen in Sumatra. Dampier returned to England in 1691 via the Cape of Good Hope, penniless and he also had as a source of income a slave known as Prince Jeoly, from Miangas, who became famous for his tattoos. Dampier exhibited Jeoly in London, thereby also generating publicity for a book based on his diaries, the publication of the book, A New Voyage Round the World, in 1697 was a popular sensation, creating interest at the Admiralty
26.
Keisha Castle-Hughes
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Keisha Castle-Hughes is a New Zealand actress who rose to prominence for playing Paikea Pai Apirana in the film Whale Rider. Since she made her debut, Castle-Hughes has appeared in various films including Hey, Hey, Its Esther Blueburger, Piece of My Heart and Star Wars. She also played the role of the Virgin Mary in the 2006 film The Nativity Story. In 2015, she joined the cast of the HBO TV series Game of Thrones in Season 5 as Obara Sand, Castle-Hughes was born in 1990 in Donnybrook, Western Australia, to a Māori mother, Desrae Hughes, and Tim Castle, an Anglo-Australian father. Her family moved to Auckland, New Zealand when she was four years old, Castle-Hughes attended Penrose High School and graduated from Senior College of New Zealand in Auckland. In 2002, Castle-Hughes made her debut in the film Whale Rider, due to not having any previous acting experience, she went directly from her Auckland school classroom to the film set when the shoot began in New Zealand in late 2001. Castle-Hughes received widespread acclaim for her performance, and in 2004 she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress at the 76th Academy Awards. She soon followed the role by appearing in Princes controversial Cinnamon Girl music video, in 2004, Castle-Hughes was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 2005, Castle-Hughes had a part as Queen Apailana in Star Wars. In 2006, she portrayed the role of the Virgin Mary in The Nativity Story. New York Times critic, A. O. Scott, said that she seemed entirely unfazed by the demands of playing Mary. She had the poise and intelligence to play the character not as an icon of maternity, the Christian-themed film earned only $8 million during its opening week, but its box office surged during the week of Christmas. In 2008 Castle-Hughes appeared in the Australian comedy-drama film Hey, Hey, Its Esther Blueburger and she reunited with New Zealand director Niki Caro for the film adaption of The Vintners Luck, which had its international premiere in September 2009. She starred in the Japanese horror film Vampire, and she played a recurring role as Axls flatmate in The Almighty Johnsons which premiered in 2011. In 2011 Castle-Hughes also played a part in the film Red Dog as Rosa the veterinary assistant. In 2014 Keisha had a guest role in the American television series The Walking Dead in which she played Joan, in 2015 she joined the cast of the HBO TV series Game of Thrones in Season 5 as Obara Sand. She pursued a role on the show in part because she is a fan of the books, Castle-Hughes found out that she had won the role the night the Season 4 episode The Mountain and the Viper aired, in which her on-screen fathers death was shown. She described having an intense emotional reaction to the scene
27.
Costa Ronin
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Ronin was born in Kaliningrad in the former Soviet Union in 1979. At the age of 15, Ronin commenced working and learned about American culture at a station that taught English through music. Growing up in Kalinigrad, Ronin was taught to sail by his father and grandfather at the age of 5, Ronin is also an avid motorcyclist. Ronin resides in Los Angeles, having lived in Surry Hills. Costa Ronin at the Internet Movie Database Costa Ronin on Twitter. mp3 interview with Ronin
28.
Bill Hunter (actor)
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William John Bill Hunter was an Australian actor of film, stage and television, who was also prominent as a voice-over artist. He appeared in more than 60 films and won two AFI Awards and he was also a recipient of the Centenary Medal. Hunter was born in Ballarat, a son of William and Francie Hunter and he had a brother, John, and a sister, Marie Ann. During his teens, Hunter was a swimmer, and briefly held a world record for the 100 yards freestyle until his record was broken by John Devitt in the very next heat ten minutes later. Hunter had qualified for the Australian swimming team in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, Hunter made his film debut as an extra in 1957 film The Shiralee. An introduction to Ava Gardner saw him gain a job as an extra and swimming double in the Hollywood film On the Beach, which was filming in Melbourne. Hunter claimed that he was inspired to take up acting after watching one of the leads do 27 takes of a scene and he took an intensive drama course in Melbourne, and then won a two-year scholarship to the prestigious Northampton Repertory Company in England. In 1966, he made his debut in an uncredited role in two episodes of the Doctor Who serial The Ark. In 2007, he reprised the role of Bob in the Australian touring stage production of Priscilla and he also provided the voice of the dentist in Finding Nemo and the voice of Bubo in Legend of the Guardians, The Owls of GaHoole. He portrayed United Nations Secretary General Spencer Chartwell in the American science fiction series Space, Above and his last film role was in The Cup. Of acting, Hunter said, As long as the director told me where to stand and what to say, anyone who says theres any more to it than that, is full of bullshit. It is a craft, but theres no art involved, what you need is common sense and a reasonably rough head. You put on the makeup and the wardrobe, and that is half the performance and that upsets the purists, but never mind, they dont work as much as I do. Hunters first marriage was to Robbie Anderson from 1963 to 1973, with whom he had a son and his next marriage was to actress Pat Bishop, in 1976. According to writer Bob Ellis, the marriage was short-lived after Hunter ran off with their marriage celebrant and his third marriage was to artist and television presenter Rhoda Roberts, from 1993 until their divorce in 1999. On 15 May 2011, Hunter was admitted to Caritas Christi hospice in Kew after refusing to go to a hospital, surrounded by family and friends, he died of liver cancer on 21 May 2011, aged 71. A memorial service for Hunter was held at Melbournes Princess Theatre on 26 May, close friend and co-star Mick Molloy paid tribute to Bill Hunter on stage at the 54th Logie Awards in April 2012. Hunter won the 1978 AFI Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Newsfront, in 2001, he was awarded the Centenary Medal for service to acting
29.
Australian Kelpie
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The Australian Kelpie, or simply Kelpie, is an Australian sheep dog successful at mustering and droving with little or no guidance. It is a dog and comes in a variety of colours. The Kelpie has been exported throughout the world and is used to muster livestock, primarily sheep, cattle, the breed has been separated into two distinct varieties, the Show Kelpie and the Working Kelpie. The Kelpie is a soft-coated, medium-sized dog, generally with prick ears, coat colours include black, black and tan, red, red and tan, blue, blue and tan, fawn, fawn and tan, cream, black and blue, and white and gold. The Kelpie generally weighs 14–20 kg and measures 41–51 cm at the withers, robert Kaleski published the first standard for the Kelpie in 1904. The standard was accepted by leading breeders of the time and adopted by the Kennel Club of New South Wales, contemporary breed standards vary depending on whether the registry is for working or show Kelpies. It is possible for a dog to work and show, but options for competition in conformation shows might be limited depending on ancestry. In Australia, there are two separate registries for Kelpies. Working Kelpies are registered with the Working Kelpie Council and/or the Australian Sheepdog Workers Association, the WKC encourages breeding for working ability, and allows a wide variety of coat colours. Show Kelpies are registered with the Australian National Kennel Council, which encourages breeding for a certain appearance, the wide standards allowed by the WKC mean that Working Kelpies do not meet the standard for showing. In the US, the Kelpie is not recognised as a breed by the American Kennel Club, however, the United Kennel Club and the Canadian Kennel Club recognise the Kelpie and allow them to compete in official events. As of 2015, Australian Kelpies have been accepted by the AKC as Herding Dogs allowed to compete in AKC sanctioned Sheep Herding Trials, the Working Kelpie comes in three coat types, smooth, short, and rough. The coat can be almost every colour from black through light tan or cream, some Kelpies have a white blaze on the chest, and a few have white points. Kelpies sometimes have a coat, which sheds out in spring in temperate climates. Agouti is not unusual, and can look like a double coat, Working Kelpies vary in size, ranging from about 19 inches to as much as 25 inches and from 28–60 lb. The dogs working ability is unrelated to appearance, so stockmen looking for capable working dogs disregard the dogs appearance, a Working Kelpie can be a cheap and efficient worker that can save farmers and graziers the cost of several hands when mustering livestock. The good working Kelpies are herding dogs that will prevent stock from moving away from the stockman and this natural instinct is crucial when mustering stock in isolated gorge country, where a good dog will silently move ahead of the stockman and block up the stock until the rider appears. The preferred dogs for work are Kelpies, often of a special line. They will drive a mob of livestock long distances in extremes of climates, Kelpies have natural instincts for managing livestock
30.
Australian Cattle Dog
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The Australian Cattle Dog, or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain. The Australian Cattle Dog is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two colour forms. It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, as with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak. It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging and it was originally bred to herd by biting, and is known to nip running children. It forms an attachment to its owners, and can be protective of them. It is easy to groom and maintain, requiring more than brushing during the shedding period. The most common problems are deafness and progressive blindness and accidental injury, otherwise. In the 19th century, New South Wales cattle farmer Thomas Hall crossed the dogs used by drovers in his parents home county, Northumberland, the resulting dogs were known as Halls Heelers. After Halls death in 1870, the dogs became available beyond the Hall family and they were subsequently developed into two modern breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog and the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog. Robert Kaleski, who wrote the first standard for the breed, was influential in its development and it has been nicknamed a Red Heeler or Blue Heeler on the basis of its colouring and practice of moving reluctant cattle by nipping at their heels. The Australian Cattle Dog is a sturdy, muscular, compact dog that gives the impression of agility and it has a broad skull that flattens to a definite stop between the eyes, with muscular cheeks and a medium-length, deep, powerful muzzle. The ears are pricked, small to medium in size and set wide apart, the eyes are oval and dark, with an alert, keen expression. The neck and shoulders are strong and muscular, the forelegs are straight and parallel, and it should not look either delicate or cumbersome, as either characteristic limits the agility and endurance that is necessary for a working dog. The female Australian Cattle Dog measures approximately 43–48 centimetres at the withers, the dog should be longer than tall, that is, the length of the body from breast bone to buttocks is greater than the height at the withers, in a ratio of 10 to 9. An Australian Cattle Dog in good condition weighs around 15–22 kilograms, there are two accepted coat colours, red and blue, though chocolate and cream do occur. Blue dogs can be blue, blue mottled, or blue speckled with or without black, tan, Red dogs are evenly speckled with solid red markings. Both red dogs and blue dogs are white and the red or black hairs grow in as they mature. The distinctive adult colouration is the result of black or red hairs closely interspersed through a white coat
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Paraburdoo, Western Australia
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Paraburdoo is a town in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The name of the town comes from an Aboriginal word for white cockatoo and it is located 1,536 kilometres north of Perth and 79 kilometres southwest of Tom Price. Paraburdoo was developed in the early 1970s to support Hamersley Irons local iron ore mining operations, most of the towns residents are employed by Pilbara Irons mining operation and the supporting services. The region is served by Paraburdoo Airport, which is situated 9 km from the town, the town provides housing to workers of the three near-by Rio Tinto mines, those being the Channar, Eastern Range and Paraburdoo mine. Pilbara historical timeline Pilbara newspapers Red Dog Story Rio Tinto Iron Ore website
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