Refugium (population biology)
In biology, a refugium is a location which supports an isolated or relict population of a once more widespread species. This isolation (allopatry) can be due to climatic changes, geography, or human activities such as deforestation and overhunting.
Mountain gorilla
Two slopes with different sunlight exposure; only one is covered with snow
The Lake Pedder area had high geodiversity before it was flooded.
In biogeography and paleontology, a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past. A relictual population is a population currently inhabiting a restricted area whose range was far wider during a previous geologic epoch. Similarly, a relictual taxon is a taxon which is the sole surviving representative of a formerly diverse group.
The population of the Siberian columbine in the Central Siberian Plateau is considered a quaternary relict.