1.
Community of the Resurrection
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The Community of the Resurrection is an Anglican religious community for men in England. It is based in Mirfield, West Yorkshire, and has 17 members as of July 2016, the community reflects Anglicanism in its broad nature and is strongly engaged in the life of the Anglican Communion. It also has a tradition of ecumenical outlook and practice. CR is dedicated to the mystery of Christs resurrection, the Constitutions of the community state that the Community of the Resurrection is called specially to public, prophetic witness to the Christian hope of the Kingdom. The common life and corporate worship of its members is made visible in its works. Its charism. is to live the baptismal vocation through a commitment to community life, sustained by common worship, since its foundation, the community has been active in pastoral teaching and mission in different parts of the Anglican Communion. In the 21st century the House of the Resurrection is the motherhouse and centre of the activities of Community of the Resurrection in Mirfield, West Yorkshire, in co-operation with the local diocese, CR runs the Mirfield Centre, which hosts conferences and other events for laity and clergy. Connected with the community are also several Church of England teaching institutions, the College of the Resurrection, the Yorkshire Ministry Course, all theses institutions are on the same campus at Mirfield. The community has a covenant relationship with the Roman Catholic Benedictine St. Matthias Abbey in Trier. Central to the work of the community are the activities in its grand church, the community runs a retreat house with organised retreats and has its own publishing house, Mirfield Publications. The Community of the Resurrection is a child of the Oxford Movement, after several years of preparation 25 July 1892, St James Day, six priests founded a religious community in Pusey House, Oxford, where Charles Gore resided as the first principal of the house. Pusey House, however, was not suited for a community and the problem was solved when, the following year, Gore became the vicar of Radley. The six brethren moved into the vicarage and started to learn how to ride a bicycle, the founders of CR wanted the community to develop its own charism based on pastoral involvement. A large house in the middle of the Diocese of Wakefield, in 1898 the community moved to Mirfield, and this became the centre of the community’s activities. The College of the Resurrection opened in 1902 and has trained ordinands for the priesthood until today, because part of the teaching was done at University of Leeds, a hostel was built and run in Leeds from 1904 to 1976. Developing a large library of literature was a natural thing for a community like CR. Another development was a fraternity for priests and lay people associated with CR, the Fraternity of Companions was established in 1903 and the C. R. Quarterly became the link between them and the community, an order of oblates was formed in 1931 for celibate men who wanted to share the discipline of the religious life with the brethren in a ministry outside the community
2.
Piotr Semenenko
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Piotr Semenenko was a leading Polish theologists of the Roman Catholic Church in the 19th century. He was a catholic priest, co-founder and superior general of the Resurrectionists, philosopher and theologian, he was regarded as one of the most scholarly members of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland in the second part of the 19th century. He was an author of philosophical and theological works, as well as on the interior life. He left massive correspondence, as well as a personal diary, peter Semenenko was born on June 29,1814 in Dzięciołowo in north-east Poland. In 1830, he started his studies at the University of Wilno in the Department of Philosophy and he emigrated to France in 1832. While in Paris, he met Bogdan Jański in 1833, who became his spiritual director. Under his influence, Semenenko returned to the Catholic faith and became the first member of the “Jański House” in 1836, after the early death of Jański in 1840 in Rome, Semenenko was elected the first superior and spiritual leader of the new community. When he finished his studies at the Collegium Romanum, he was ordained to the priesthood on December 5,1841. As a main co-founder of the order, he wrote the rule of 1842 and was the editor of the rules. He also was superior general of the Congregation from 1842-1845 and 1873-1886, in 1865, he founded and was the first rector of the Polish Pontifical College in Rome. Between 1865-1938, many alumni of the accepted and adopted Resurrectionist spirituality. Many also went on to become outstanding priests, bishops, archbishops, Józef Dąbrowski, St. Józef Sebastian Pelczar, St. Józef Bilczewski. Peter Semenenko actively collaborated with the Holy See and he was an expert on Polish and Eastern matters and, because of his knowledge, he was held in high esteem by popes Gregory XVI, Pio IX and Leo XIII. He worked as a consultor for the Sacred Congregations, of the Index and his work was highly praised, and his statements were taken as final on a regular basis. He was a member of the prestigious Papal Academies, Accademia della Religione Cattolica and he was an outstanding erudite and freely able to discuss even the most subtle problems. He preached in churches in Poland, France, Belgium, Bulgaria. Much of his attention went towards the youth and he desired to inspire their devotion to science and holiness. He laid the foundation for the Resurrectionist system of education, peter Semenenko, CR died on November 18,1886 in Paris, France in the odor of sanctity
3.
Paris
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
4.
Poles
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The Poles are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language. The population of Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of a population of 38,538,000. Polands population inhabits several historic regions, including Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Mazovia, Silesia, Pomerania, Kuyavia, Warmia, Masuria, a wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Europe, the Americas and in Australasia. Today the largest urban concentration of Poles is the Katowice urban agglomeration of 2.7 million inhabitants, Poland was also for centuries a refuge for many Jews from all over Europe, a large number emigrated in the twentieth century to Israel. Several prominent Israeli statesmen were born in Poland, including Israels founder David Ben-Gurion, former President of Israel Shimon Peres, the Slavic people have been in the territory of modern Poland for over 1500 years. In the 9th and 10th centuries the tribes gave rise to developed regions along the upper Vistula, the last tribal undertaking resulted in the 10th century in a lasting political structure and state, Poland, one of the West Slavic nations. After 1945 the so-called autochthonous or aboriginal school of Polish prehistory received official backing in Poland, Polish people are the sixth largest national group in the European Union. Estimates vary depending on source, though available data suggest a number of around 60 million people worldwide. There are almost 38 million Poles in Poland alone, there are also Polish minorities in the surrounding countries including Germany, and indigenous minorities in the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus. There are some smaller indigenous minorities in nearby countries such as Moldova, the term Polonia is usually used in Poland to refer to people of Polish origin who live outside Polish borders, officially estimated at around 10 to 20 million. There is a notable Polish diaspora in the United States, Brazil, France has a historic relationship with Poland and has a relatively large Polish-descendant population. Poles have lived in France since the 18th century, in the early 20th century, over a million Polish people settled in France, mostly during world wars, among them Polish émigrés fleeing either Nazi occupation or later Soviet rule. In the United States, a significant number of Polish immigrants settled in Chicago, Ohio, Detroit, New York City, Orlando, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, the highest concentration of Polish Americans in a single New England municipality is in New Britain, Connecticut. The majority of Polish Canadians have arrived in Canada since World War II, the number of Polish immigrants increased between 1945 and 1970, and again after the end of Communism in Poland in 1989. In Brazil the majority of Polish immigrants settled in Paraná State, smaller, but significant numbers settled in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo and São Paulo. The city of Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world and Polish music, dishes and it is estimated that over half a million Polish people have come to work in the United Kingdom from Poland. Since 2011, Poles have been able to work throughout the EU and not just in the United Kingdom, Ireland. The Polish community in Norway has increased substantially and has grown to a number of 120,000
5.
Great Emigration
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The name is somewhat misleading, as the number of political exiles did not exceed more than 6,000 during this time. The exiles included soldiers and officers of the uprising, the Sejm of Congress Poland of 1830–31, from the end of the 18th century, a major role in Polish political life was played by people who carried out their activities outside the country as émigrés. Most of the political émigrés based themselves in France, the most important wave of emigration came after the November Uprising of 1830–1831. These Poles later fought and provided support during the 1846 and 1848 revolutions in Poland. Additional waves of émigrés left the Polish lands after the failures of the attempted 1848 revolution, hôtel Lambert Polish Legions Polish minority in France Union of National Unity
6.
Easter
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It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. In Western Christianity, Eastertide, or the Easter Season, begins on Easter Sunday and lasts seven weeks, ending with the coming of the fiftieth day, Pentecost Sunday. In Eastern Christianity, the season of Pascha begins on Pascha and ends with the coming of the fortieth day, the Feast of the Ascension. The First Council of Nicaea established two rules, independence of the Jewish calendar and worldwide uniformity, which were the rules for Easter explicitly laid down by the council. No details for the computation were specified, these were worked out in practice and it has come to be the first Sunday after the ecclesiastical full moon that occurs on or soonest after 21 March, but calculations vary. Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, in many languages, the words for Easter and Passover are identical or very similar. Easter customs vary across the Christian world, and include services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church. The Easter lily, a symbol of the resurrection, traditionally decorates the area of churches on this day. Additional customs that have associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades. There are also various traditional Easter foods that vary regionally, however, it is possible that Bede was only speculating about the origin of the term since there is no firm evidence that such a goddess actually existed. In Greek and Latin, the Christian celebration was, and still is, called Πάσχα, Pascha, the word originally denoted the Jewish festival known in English as Passover, commemorating the Jewish Exodus from slavery in Egypt. In most of the non-English speaking world, the feast is known by names derived from Greek, Pascha is also a name by which Jesus himself is remembered in the Orthodox Church, especially in connection with his resurrection and with the season of its celebration. The New Testament states that the resurrection of Jesus, which Easter celebrates, is a foundation of the Christian faith, the resurrection established Jesus as the powerful Son of God and is cited as proof that God will judge the world in righteousness. For those who trust in Jesus death and resurrection, death is swallowed up in victory, any person who chooses to follow Jesus receives a new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. Through faith in the working of God those who follow Jesus are spiritually resurrected with him so that they may walk in a new way of life and receive eternal salvation. Easter is linked to the Passover and Exodus from Egypt recorded in the Old Testament through the Last Supper, sufferings and crucifixion of Jesus that preceded the resurrection. According to the New Testament, Jesus gave the Passover meal a new meaning, as in the room during the Last Supper he prepared himself. He identified the matzah and cup of wine as his soon to be sacrificed
7.
Catacombs of San Sebastiano
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The Catacombs of San Sebastiano are a hypogeum cemetery in Rome, rising along Via Appia Antica, in the Ardeatino Quarter. They are one of the very few Christian burial places that have always been accessible, the first of the former four floors is now almost completely destroyed. In ancient times the catacombs were simply known with the name in catacumbas, actually, along the Appian Way, close to the cemetery, an evident dip in the ground is visible even now. The word catacumbas, through a process of extension and assimilation, was used to identify all the hypogeum burial sites. In effect, the Depositio Martyrum, at the date of 29 June, talks about the recurrence of Peter in catacumbas and Paul on Via Ostiensis. The Martyrologium Hieronymianum, at the date, cites the recurrence of Peter in Vatican, Paul on Via Ostiensis and utrumque in catacumbas. Ancient sources attest the presence of three martyrs within the cemetery on the Appian Way, Sebastian, Quirinus and Eutychius, as regards Sebastian, the Depositio Martyrum remembers his death and his entombment in catacumbas on 20 January. Quirinus was a bishop of Sescia, in Pannonia, whose relics were moved to Rome by pilgrims from that region between 4th and 5th century, beside the piazzola, the dig of the cemetery galleries was started in this period. Around the half of the 3rd century the whole piazzola was filled in, finally, in the first half of the 4th century also these spaces were buried, in order to build the embankment on which the constantinian basilica was erected. Here are gathered some sarcophagi, both entire and fragmentary, discovered during the excavations, the restored Crypt of Saint Sebastian houses an altar shelf replacing the former one and the bust of Saint Sebastian attributed to Bernini. Soon after there is the lay-by, under which lies a sandstone cavity that perhaps gave rise to the name ad catacumbas, given to this cemetery, in the lay-by rise three mausolea dating back to the second half of the 2nd century, later re-used. On the left there is the Mausoleum of the Adze, from the tool depicted on the exterior, de Santis L. - Biamonte G. Le catacombe di Roma, Newton & Compton Editori, Rome 1997 Ferrua A
8.
San Sebastiano fuori le mura
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San Sebastiano fuori le mura, or San Sebastiano ad Catacumbas, is a basilica in Rome, central Italy. Up to the Great Jubilee of 2000, San Sebastiano was one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome, built originally in the first half of the 4th century, the basilica is dedicated to St. Sebastian, a popular Roman martyr of the 3rd century. The dedication to Sebastian dates to the 9th century, sebastians remains were moved here around 350. They were transferred to St. Peters in 826, fearing a Saracen assault, the latter, in fact, materialized, and the church was destroyed. The building was refounded under Pope Nicholas I, while the altar was reconsecrated by Honorius III, by request of the Cistercians. In the 13th century the arcade of the nave was walled in. The statue of St Sebastian at the altar in the first chapel on the left is by Giuseppe Giorgetti, noteworthy is the Albani Chapel and designed by Carlo Maratta, Alessandro Specchi, Filippo Barigioni and Carlo Fontana, commissioned by Pope Clement XI, and dedicated to Pope Fabian. Fabian had been Bishop of Rome during the persecution of Decius, flanking the altar, busts of Saints Peter and Paul by Nicolò Cordier recall the first dedication of the basilica. Quirinus of Sescia Pope Fabian St. Sebastian San Sebastiano al Palatino Paolo Coen, Le basiliche giubilari romane, Newton Compton, Rome,1994. Claudio Rendina, Enciclopedia di Roma, Newton Compton, Rome,2000, San Sebastiano fuori le Mura, by Chris Nyborg. San Sebastiano fuori le Mura site
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