1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
Single (music)
–
45
rpm single record
2.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
Elvis Presley
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Presley in a publicity photograph for the 1957 film
Jailhouse Rock
Elvis Presley
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Presley's birthplace in
Tupelo, Mississippi
Elvis Presley
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Presley in a
Sun Records promotional photograph, 1954
Elvis Presley
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The "iconic cover" of
Presley's 1956 debut album featuring a photo taken July 31, 1955, in Tampa, Florida
3.
Girls! Girls! Girls! (album)
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Girls. is the sixteenth album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor Records in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP2426, in November 1962. It is the soundtrack to the 1962 film of the same name starring Presley, Recording sessions took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood on March 26,27, and 28,1962. It peaked at three on the Top LPs chart. It was certified Gold on August 13,1963 by the Recording Industry Association of America, as soundtrack album sales far outstripped his regular album sales Presley found himself firmly entrenched in songs designed for a light-entertainment formula of beautiful scenery and girls galore. With this discrepancy in sales, the formula of the music became the focus. Sixteen songs were recorded at the sessions in March, of thirteen were used for the soundtrack album. This song and two others, Return to Sender and Because of Love, appear on the 1995 soundtrack compilation Command Performances, The Essential 60s Masters II. The tracks Return to Sender and Where Do You Come From were issued as sides of a single in October 1962, one month before the release of the soundtrack LP. Return to Sender became a hit for Presley, peaking at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. The Presley fan-club label Follow That Dream released a version of the album in 2007, including alternate takes and songs recorded. The outtake Plantation Rock saw a performance by actor Rob Schneider on Late Night with Conan OBrien in 1996. J, fontana – drums Hal Blaine – drums Bernie Mattinson – drums LPM-2621 Girls. Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database LSP-2621 Girls, guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
Girls! Girls! Girls! (album)
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Girls! Girls! Girls!
4.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
A-side and B-side
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Victor 17929A and 17929B.
A-side and B-side
5.
Hollywood, California
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood, California
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The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood, California
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Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood, California
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Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood, California
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The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
6.
Rhythm and blues
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
Rhythm and blues
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T-Bone Walker, American Folk Blues Festival 1972 (Heinrich Klaffs Collection 46)
Rhythm and blues
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Louis Jordan, New York, N.Y., ca. July 1946 (William P. Gottlieb 04721).
Rhythm and blues
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Big Joe Turner, Hamburg 1974 (Heinrich Klaffs Collection 86)
Rhythm and blues
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The habanera rhythm shown as tresillo (lower notes) with the backbeat (upper note).
7.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
RCA Records
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Label of an RCA Victor 78 RPM record from the 1950s; RCA manufactured 78s alongside the 45 until 1958.
RCA Records
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Label of an RCA Victor 45 RPM record from the 1950s; RCA used this label for its 45 RPM records from 1954 to at least 1964.
RCA Records
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RCA used this label for its American 45 RPM records during the Dynagroove era.
RCA Records
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RCA's LP label during the Dynagroove era was also used for 45 RPM records of the mid-to-late 1960s in countries such as Argentina, where this single was pressed.
8.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
Songwriter
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Songwriter and singer
Chris de Burgh.
9.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
Record producer
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Alan Parsons in an
ESO 50th anniversary video.
Record producer
–
A
Danish recording session
Record producer
–
Mixing Console
10.
Chet Atkins
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Chester Burton Chet Atkins known as Mr. He was primarily known as a guitarist and he also played the mandolin, fiddle, banjo, and ukulele. Atkins signature picking style was inspired by Merle Travis, other major guitar influences were Django Reinhardt, George Barnes, Les Paul, and, later, Jerry Reed. His distinctive picking style and musicianship brought him admirers inside and outside the country scene, among many honors, Atkins received 14 Grammy Awards and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received nine Country Music Association awards for Instrumentalist of the Year and he was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. Atkins was born on June 20,1924, in Luttrell, Tennessee and his parents divorced when he was six, after which he was raised by his mother. He was the youngest of three boys and a girl and he started out on the ukulele, later moving on to the fiddle, but traded his brother Lowell an old pistol and some chores for a guitar when he was nine. He stated in his 1974 autobiography, We were so poor, forced to relocate to Fortson, Georgia, outside of Columbus, to live with his father because of a critical asthma condition, Atkins was a sensitive youth who made music his obsession. Because of his illness, he was forced to sleep in a chair to breathe comfortably. On those nights, he played his guitar until he fell asleep holding it, while living in Fortson, he attended the historic Mountain Hill School. He returned in the 1990s to play a series of charity concerts to save the school from demolition, Atkins became an accomplished guitarist while he was in high school. He used the restroom in the school to practice, because it gave better acoustics and his first guitar had a nail for a nut and was so bowed that only the first few frets could be used. He later purchased an electric guitar and amp, but he had to travel many miles to find an electrical outlet. Later in life, he gave himself the honorary degree CGP. In 2011, his daughter Merle Atkins Russell bestowed the CGP degree on his longtime sideman Paul Yandell and she then declared no more CGPs would be allowed by the Atkins estate. His half-brother Jim was a successful guitarist who worked with the Les Paul Trio in New York, Atkins did not have a strong style of his own until 1939, when he heard Merle Travis picking over WLW radio. This early influence dramatically shaped his unique playing style, whereas Traviss right hand used his index finger for the melody and thumb for bass notes, Atkins expanded his right-hand style to include picking with his first three fingers, with the thumb on bass. Chet Atkins was a ham radio general class licensee, formerly using the call sign WA4CZD, he obtained the vanity call sign W4CGP in 1998 to include the CGP designation
Chet Atkins
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Chet Atkins
Chet Atkins
–
Atkins's
Gretsch Country Gentleman, model G6122-1962
Chet Atkins
–
Atkins listening as
Bill Porter adjusts a mix in RCA's Nashville studio
11.
One Broken Heart for Sale
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It Happened at the Worlds Fair is the seventeenth album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP2697, in April 1963. It is the soundtrack to the 1963 film of the same name starring Presley, recording sessions took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood on August 30 and September 22,1962. It peaked at four on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart. Initially booked for August 28 and 29, sessions were delayed as Presley had taken ill, One Broken Heart for Sale and They Remind Me Too Much of You would be released ahead of time on January 29 as a single to promote both the album and the film. Broken Heart just missed the top ten, peaking at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100, originally a deluxe - priced gatefold sleeve album was planned, but with 20 minutes of music and the relative failure of One Broken Heart For Sale the idea was abandoned. In 2003 It Happened at the Worlds Fair was reissued on the Follow That Dream edition that contained the album along with numerous alternate takes
One Broken Heart for Sale
–
It Happened at the World's Fair
12.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. As of February 2017, there are more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube each minute, as of April 2017, the website is ranked as the second most popular site in the world by Alexa Internet, a web traffic analysis company. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day
YouTube
–
From left to right:
Chad Hurley,
Steve Chen, and
Jawed Karim
YouTube
–
Screenshot of YouTube's homepage
YouTube
–
YouTube's headquarters as of 2010 in
San Bruno, California.
13.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
14.
Hollywood
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood
–
The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood
–
Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood
–
Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood
–
The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
15.
Girls! Girls! Girls!
–
Girls. is a 1962 Golden Globe-nominated American musical comedy film starring Elvis Presley as a penniless Hawaiian fisherman who loves his life on the sea and dreams of owning his own boat. Return to Sender, which reached #2 on the Billboard pop singles chart, is featured in the movie, the movie opened at #6 on the Variety box office chart and finished the year at #31 on the year-end list of the top-grossing movies of 1962. The movie earned $2.6 million at the box office, the film was the second of three films Presley shot on location in Hawaii. Elvis Presley plays Ross Carpenter, a Hawaiian fishing guide and sailor who enjoys boating and sailing out on the sea. When he finds out his boss is retiring to Arizona, he seeks to find a way to buy the Westwind, Ross is caught in a love triangle with two women, childish, insensitive club singer Robin, and sweet Laurel. When Wesley Johnson makes advances on Laurel, Ross punches him out, Wesley owns the boat, so Ross thereby loses it. Laurel, however, is not who she pretends to be, Ross has to choose between her and Robin. Elvis Presley as Ross Carpenter Stella Stevens as Robin Gantner Laurel Goodwin as Laurel Dodge Jeremy Slate as Wesley Johnson Benson Fong as Kin Yung Robert Strauss as Sam Anderson Ann McCrea as Mrs, the winner that year was The Music Man. Elvis Presley received a 2nd place Laurel Award for the best male performance in a musical for his role in this movie. Earned $2,600,000 at the box office in the United States, list of American films of 1962 Elvis in Hawaii fansite. Girls. at the Internet Movie Database Girls, Girls. at the TCM Movie Database Girls. Girls. at AllMovie Review by Jamie Gillies at Apollo Movie Guide Review of the movie collection Lights, collection by Paul Mavis at DVD Talk, August 6,2007. Review by Jon Danziger at digitallyOBSESSED
Girls! Girls! Girls!
–
Theatrical release poster
Girls! Girls! Girls!
–
Elvis Presley and director Norman Taurog on the set in Hawaii, 1962
16.
Electric guitar
–
The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
Electric guitar
–
A
Kramer XKG-20 electric guitar circa 1980, modified
Electric guitar
–
The "Frying Pan", 1932
Electric guitar
–
Gibson Les Paul Custom 1954
Electric guitar
–
Detail of a Squier-made Fender Stratocaster. Note the vibrato arm, the 3 single-coil pickups, the volume and tone knobs.
17.
Acoustic guitar
–
An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification. The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitars body and this typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings. The main source of sound in a guitar is the string. The string vibrates at a frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies. The frequencies produced can depend on string length, mass, gitterns, a small plucked guitar were the first small guitar-like instruments created during the Middle Ages with a round back like that of a lute. Modern guitar shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era where the body, the earliest string instruments that related to the guitar and its structure where broadly known as the vihuelas within Spanish musical culture. Vihuelas where string instruments that were seen in the 16th century during the Renaissance. Later, Spanish writers distinguished these instruments into 2 categories of vihuelas, the vihuela de arco was an instrument that mimicked the violin, and the vihuela de penola was played with a plectrum or by hand. When it was played by hand it was known as the vihuela de mano, vihuela de mano shared extreme similarities with the Renaissance guitar as it used hand movement at the sound hole or sound chamber of the instrument to create music. The real production of guitars kicked off in France where the popularity, the production became so large that early famous creators such as Gaspard Duyffooprucgars instruments were being sold as copies by other guitar makers in Lyon. Benoist Lejeune, a maker, offered and sold guitar copies of Duyffoprucgars instruments and was later imprisoned for using his mark and work. During this time, the production was increasing tremendously but it was not until Robert and Claude Denis appeared overproducing the early Renaissance guitar in Paris, as father and son, Robert and Claude produced hundreds of guitars that increased the popularity of the instrument greatly. Because of them and the great many guitar inventors of this time, by 1790 only six-course vihuela guitars were being created and had become the main type and model of guitar used in Spain. Most of the older 5-course guitars where still in use but were also being modified to a six-coursed acoustical guitar, by the 19th century, coursed strings where evolved into 6 single-stringed instruments much like that of the guitar today. It had evolved into the modern look except for size, retaining a smaller frame, the acoustic guitars soundboard, or top, also has a strong effect on the loudness of the guitar. No amplification actually occurs in this process, because no energy is added to increase the loudness of the sound. All the energy is provided by the plucking of the string, but without a soundboard, the string would just cut through the air without actually moving it much. The soundboard increases the surface of the area in a process called mechanical impedance matching
Acoustic guitar
–
A
Gibson SJ200 Steel-string acoustic guitar.
Acoustic guitar
–
A
C.F. Martin 000-28EC.
Acoustic guitar
–
An
Ovation Adamas, whose parabolic shape reduces feedback and increases volume.
Acoustic guitar
–
Many acoustic guitars incorporate
rosettes around the
sound hole.
18.
Double bass
–
The double bass, or simply the bass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra. It is an instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than sounding to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff. The double bass is the modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths, rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2. The instruments exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, the double bass is a standard member of the orchestras string section, as well as the concert band, and is featured in concertos, solo and chamber music in Western classical music. The bass is used in a range of genres, such as jazz, 1950s-style blues and rock and roll, rockabilly, psychobilly, traditional country music, bluegrass, tango. The double bass is played either with a bow or by plucking the strings, in orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed. In jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm, Classical music uses just the natural sound produced acoustically by the instrument, so does traditional bluegrass. In jazz, blues, and related genres, the bass is typically amplified with an amplifier and speaker, the double bass stands around 180 cm from scroll to endpin. However, other sizes are available, such as a 1⁄2 or 3⁄4 and these sizes do not reflect the size relative to a full size, or 4⁄4 bass, a 1⁄2 bass is not half the size of a bass but is only slightly smaller. It is typically constructed from several types of wood, including maple for the back, spruce for the top and it is uncertain whether the instrument is a descendant of the viola da gamba or of the violin, but it is traditionally aligned with the violin family. While the double bass is nearly identical in construction to other violin family instruments, like other violin and viol-family string instruments, the double bass is played either with a bow or by plucking the strings. In orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed, in jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm, except for some solos and also occasional written parts in modern jazz that call for bowing. In classical pedagogy, almost all of the focus is on performing with the bow and producing a good bowed tone, some of these articulations can be combined, for example, the combination of sul ponticello and tremolo can produce eerie, ghostly sounds. Classical bass players do play pizzicato parts in orchestra, but these parts generally require simple notes, vibrato is used to add expression to string playing. In general, very loud, low-register passages are played with little or no vibrato, mid- and higher-register melodies are typically played with more vibrato. The speed and intensity of the vibrato is varied by the performer for an emotional and musical effect, in jazz, rockabilly and other related genres, much or all of the focus is on playing pizzicato. In jazz and jump blues, bassists are required to play extremely rapid pizzicato walking basslines for extended periods, as well, jazz and rockabilly bassists develop virtuoso pizzicato techniques that enable them to play rapid solos that incorporate fast-moving triplet and sixteenth note figures. In jazz and related styles, bassists often add semi-percussive ghost notes into basslines, to add to the rhythmic feel and to add fills to a bassline
Double bass
–
Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French-style bow
Double bass
–
Jazz bassist Ron Carter pictured playing with his Quartet at "Altes Pfandhaus" in Cologne
Double bass
–
Example of a Busetto-shaped double bass: Copy of a Matthias Klotz (1700) by Rumano Solano
Double bass
–
Principal parts of the double bass
19.
Drums
–
A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
Drums
Drums
–
South-African jazz drummer
Louis Moholo playing a four-piece kit
Drums
–
Dance band drummer Stan Farmer at Mark Foy's Empress Ballroom, Sydney, New South Wales, using a kit with bass drum pedal and low sock. Tom Lennon, 23 October 1935
Drums
–
Drummer in a Memphis "juke joint" orchestra playing a kit with four non-tunable
toms. Marion Post Wolcott, October 1939
20.
Dudley Brooks
–
Dudley Brooks was an American jazz pianist, arranger, and composer. Brooks was born on December 22,1913, in Los Angeles, while under contract to Paramount Studios, Brooks spent considerable time working as a session piano player at the Radio Recorders studio in Los Angeles. For many years, Radio Recorders was one of the best known recording studios in the country and hosted performers such as Charlie Parker, Louis Armstrong, Presley was also under contract to Paramount Studios where he was filming movies to include Girls. Paramount, to ensure Presleys recordings and movies stayed on schedule, as a result, Brooks developed a professional relationship with Presley that spanned decades. I. During his career, Brooks also composed a number of songs often in collaboration with other songwriters, among his works is the well-known Christmas song The Man with the Bag. Made popular by Kay Starr in 1950, the song has been covered by artists to include the Brian Setzer Orchestra. Brooks died in his hometown of Los Angeles in 1989
Dudley Brooks
–
Dudley Brooks and Elvis Presley at Radio Recorders studio
Dudley Brooks
–
Dudley Brooks working in a Los Angeles piano bar circa 1985
21.
Piano
–
The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
Piano
–
A grand piano (left) and an upright piano (right)
Piano
Piano
–
Grand piano by Louis Bas of
Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, France, 1781. Earliest French grand piano known to survive; includes an inverted wrestplank and action derived from the work of Bartolomeo Cristofori (ca. 1700) with ornately decorated soundboard.
Piano
–
Early piano replica by the modern builder Paul McNulty, after Walter & Sohn, 1805
22.
Boots Randolph
–
Homer Louis Boots Randolph III was an American musician best known for his 1963 saxophone hit Yakety Sax. Randolph was a part of the Nashville sound for most of his professional career. Randolph was born in Paducah, Kentucky, and raised in Cadiz, Kentucky, attending school in Evansville. At the end of World War II, Boots Randolph played saxophone, trombone, after his service in the Army, he played with Dink Welchs Kopy Kats in Decatur, Illinois, from 1948 to 1954. He briefly resided in Louisville, Kentucky, before returning to Decatur to start his own group, during his forty plus career, Randolph performed in hundreds of venues alongside many artists in pop, rock, jazz, and country music. He played on recording sessions with Elvis Presley and also performed on soundtracks for a number of Presleys motion pictures. Randolph recorded for Monument Records in Nashville and played on Roy Orbisons 1963 hit and he was also featured on Little Queenie by REO Speedwagon, Java by Al Hirt, Turn On Your Love Light by Jerry Lee Lewis, and Rockin Around the Christmas Tree by Brenda Lee. He was present on many recordings by guitarist Chet Atkins with whom he often performed, early in his career, he often billed himself as Randy Randolph. As a solo recording artist, Randolph placed four singles in the Top-100 between 1963 and 1967, the most successful of these was Yakety Sax, which reached #35 in 1963 and stayed on the charts for nine weeks. Randolph was also successful on Billboard Magazines album charts, having fourteen entries between 1963 and 1972, Boots With Strings from 1966 reached #36 and stayed on the chart for nearly two years. In 1977, Randolph opened a club of his own in Nashvilles Printers Alley. He also frequently appeared on the television program Hee Haw, and was a member of the Million Dollar Band, on July 3,2007, Randolph died at Skyline Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee, after suffering a brain hemorrhage. He had celebrated his 80th birthday just one month prior and his final solo studio album, A Whole New Ballgame, was released June 12,2007. A Boots with Strings also peaked at #3 on Jazz albums, B Country Boots peaked at #30 on Country albums The Nashville A-Team Trott, Walt. In The Encyclopedia of Country Music, official Site Boots Randolph at the Internet Movie Database Boots bio Some of his music Find-A-Grave Memorial Page Boots Randolph Interview NAMM Oral History Program
Boots Randolph
–
Randolph performing live March 2000
23.
Baritone saxophone
–
The baritone saxophone or bari sax is one of the largest members of the saxophone family, only being smaller than the bass, contrabass and subcontrabass saxophones. The baritone saxophone is used in classical music, military bands, marching bands. The baritone saxophone was created in 1846 by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax as one of a family of 14 instruments, the saxophone was created to be a tonal link between the woodwinds and brasses, which Sax believed to be lacking. The family was divided two groups of seven saxophones each from the soprano to the contrabass. The family consisting of saxophones ranged in the keys of B♭, the bari sax, pitched in E♭, is the fifth member of this family. The baritone saxophone, like saxophones, is a conical tube of thin brass. It has an end, flared to form a bell. The baritone saxophone uses a single reed mouthpiece like that of a clarinet, there is a loop in the neck to reduce it to a practical height, colloquially referred to as a “Q”. Baritone saxophones come in two sizes with one ranging to low A and the other to low B♭, originally, all baritone saxophones were low B♭ instruments, but over time players began modifying their horns to reach the low A below. In the 1980s, it common for saxophone manufacturers to produce low A instruments. In modern times, the low A is considered standard and is written in sheet music for the instrument. Despite the ubiquity of the low A horn, some still prefer to use B♭ horns because of the added weight. As is true for other saxophones, the F♯ key was also an addition to the horn now considered standard. The baritone saxophone’s relatively large mass has led to the development of harness-style neckstrap that distributes the weight across the users shoulders. Several different kinds exist, produced by brands as well known as Neotech and Vandoren, and each distributes weight differently across the neck, clavicle. Many marching saxophonists prefer this style for its ability to decrease fatigue and those who mainly perform seated, on the other hand, may dislike the decreased ability to move one’s upper body. It is an instrument in the key of E♭, pitched an octave plus a major sixth lower than written. It is one octave lower than the alto saxophone, modern baritones with a low A key and high F♯ key have a range from C2 to A4
Baritone saxophone
–
Baritone saxophone
Baritone saxophone
–
Gerry Mulligan playing a
Conn "Cross-Bar" baritone saxophone with split bell-keys and rolled toneholes in 1972
Baritone saxophone
–
Baritone saxophonist in a
military band of the
Italian army.
24.
Saxophone
–
The saxophone is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet, the saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. He patented the saxophone on June 28,1846, in two groups of seven instruments each, each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B♭ and E♭, designed for bands, have proved extremely popular. The saxophone is used in music, military bands, marching bands. The saxophone was developed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument maker, flautist, born in Dinant and originally based in Brussels, he moved to Paris in 1842 to establish his musical instrument business. Prior to his work on the saxophone, he had several improvements to the bass clarinet by improving its keywork and acoustics. Sax was also a maker of the ophicleide, a large conical brass instrument in the bass register with keys similar to a woodwind instrument. His experience with two instruments allowed him to develop the skills and technologies needed to make the first saxophones. As an outgrowth of his work improving the bass clarinet, Sax began developing an instrument with the projection of a brass instrument and he wanted it to overblow at the octave, unlike the clarinet, which rises in pitch by a twelfth when overblown. An instrument that overblows at the octave has identical fingering for both registers, Sax created an instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece like a clarinet, conical brass body like an ophicleide, and some acoustic properties of both the horn and the clarinet. Having constructed saxophones in several sizes in the early 1840s, Sax applied for, and received, the patent encompassed 14 versions of the fundamental design, split into two categories of seven instruments each, and ranging from sopranino to contrabass. Although the instruments transposed at either F or C have been considered orchestral, the C soprano saxophone was the only instrument to sound at concert pitch. Saxs patent expired in 1866, thereafter, numerous saxophonists and instrument manufacturers implemented their own improvements to the design, the first substantial modification was by a French manufacturer who extended the bell slightly and added an extra key to extend the range downwards by one semitone to B♭. It is suspected that Sax himself may have attempted this modification and this extension is now commonplace in almost all modern designs, along with other minor changes such as added keys for alternate fingerings. Using alternate fingerings allows a player to play faster and more easily, a player may also use alternate fingerings to bend the pitch. Some of the alternate fingerings are good for trilling, scales, a substantial advancement in saxophone keywork was the development of a method by which the left thumb operates both tone holes with a single octave key, which is now universal on modern saxophones. This enables a chromatic scale to be played two octaves simply by playing the diatonic scale combined with alternately raising and lowering this one digit
Saxophone
–
An alto saxophone in E ♭
Saxophone
–
Adolphe Sax, the inventor of the saxophone
Saxophone
–
A
military band saxophonist holding a
baritone saxophone
Saxophone
–
Straight saxophones, including common fully straight types and unusual variants with slightly curved bell. Clockwise from top left: an
E♭ baritone, a
B♭ tenor, a C soprano, a
B♭ soprano, and a
B♭ soprillo
25.
The Jordanaires
–
The Jordanaires were an American vocal quartet that formed as a gospel group in 1948. They are known for providing vocals for Elvis Presley, in live appearances. The group has worked in the recording studio, on stage. In 1948, Matt and Jack left to become full-time preachers and were replaced by Bob Hubbard, also a minister, and bass singer Culley Holt, after three years Money was replaced as pianist by Gordon Stoker. At that time, they formed the new group as the Melodizing Matthews, in Springfield, Missouri and this starting lineup lasted until 1949, at that time, Bob Hubbard was drafted and was replaced by Hoyt Hawkins. Later that year, Monty and Bill Matthews left, Hawkins switched to baritone, and new lead Neal Matthews was recruited. Don Bruce came in as a new first tenor, however, the group narrowed to a quartet, with Stoker taking over as first tenor. They became members of the Grand Ole Opry in 1949 and they recorded for Capitol Records in the early 1950s, and began providing vocal accompaniment behind solo singers in Nashville, Tennessee. The lineup changed again in 1954, with Culley Holt leaving, the quartet became well known in the southern gospel realm, and what made them stand out from other quartets of that time was how they would bring spirituals to a predominantly white audience. While continuing to turn out albums of their own, the group become better known for the signature background harmonies they have provided on dozens of secular records. Jarrett remained until 1958, at time, he was replaced by Ray Walker. October 31954 a teenage Elvis Presley made the drive from Memphis to Nashville to make his one, debuting his high-energy brand of rockabilly with Blue Moon of Kentucky it was his first live performance on national radio broadcast. He had just recorded his first record at Sun studios, Thats All Right just a few weeks prior, an afternoon in 1955, the Jordanaires played a show in Memphis with Eddy Arnold to publicize their new syndicated TV series, Eddy Arnold Time. He was on Sun Records at that time, on January 10,1956, Presley recorded his first session for RCA with guitarist Scotty Moore, bassist Bill Black, and drummer D. J. Fontana. I Got a Woman, Heartbreak Hotel, and Money Honey were recorded, Presley asked his new label RCA Victor if the Jordanaires could appear on the recordings. The next day Gordon Stoker was called by Chet Atkins to do a session with a new singer named Elvis. RCA had also just signed the Speer Family, Atkins asked Stoker to sing with Ben and Brock Speer so he could use them. The recording session for Im Counting on You and I Was the One was the first session Presley did with vocal background, by April 1956, Heartbreak Hotel was No.1
The Jordanaires
–
The Jordanaires with Elvis, 1957
26.
Hal Blaine
–
Hal Blaine is an American drummer and session musician. He is most known for his work with the Wrecking Crew in California and he has played on 40 number one hit singles,150 top ten hits and has performed on, by his own accounting, over 35,000 recorded tracks. He is widely regarded as one of the most prolific drummers in rock and roll history, Blaine is a member of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum, and the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2010, Blaine was born to Jewish Eastern European immigrants, Meyer and Rose Belsky, in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Hal Blaine Strikes Again is a stamp used by Blaine to mark music scores and places where he has played. Drummer and author Max Weinberg, in his introduction to the chapter on Blaine in his book, writes, Eleven years later our band played Wembley Arena, after the show, while we were relaxing backstage, Bruce asked me to come into his dressing room. I went in, he pointed to the wall and said, I looked at the wall but didnt see anything except peeling wallpaper. Finally, I got right down on the spot he was pointing to, and right there, in a crack in the paper, rubber stamped to the wall, it said HAL BLAINE STRIKES AGAIN. When asked to explain about the stamp Blaine replied, I always stamp my charts, and theres a reason why I started that, it wasnt all ego. He went on to describe that occasionally he would need to find a particular chart amidst five hundred pieces of music in a pile and he needed some mark to do so. Eventually I had a stamp made up, and from that day on Ive always stamped every piece of music I play. Hal was getting so many studio dates he actually had a stamp made. Robinson and 1971 for Bridge over Troubled Water, The 5th Dimension in 1970 for Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In,1963 Deuces, Ts, Roadsters and Drums 1966 Drums. A Go Go 1967 Psychedelic Percussion 1968 Have Fun, with Irene Kral Wonderful Life Hal Blaines drums can be heard as part of the Wall of Sound on the Ronettes 1963 No.2 hit Be My Baby, produced by Phil Spector at Hollywoods Gold Star Studios. Max Weinberg wrote, If Hal Blaine had played only on the Ronettes Be My Baby, his name would still be uttered with reverence. Rolling Stone magazine listed the song as No.22 on The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, in March 2000, Hal Blaine was one of the first five sidemen inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Some of the musicians with whom Blaine has worked include
Hal Blaine
–
Blaine at the drum kit in 1995, at the
Record Plant
27.
Bobby Keys
–
Robert Henry Bobby Keys was an American saxophonist who performed with other musicians as a member of several horn sections of the 1970s. He appears on albums by the Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Harry Nilsson, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, George Harrison, John Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keys played on hundreds of recordings and was a touring musician from 1956 until his death in 2014. Keys was born at Lubbock Army Airfield near Slaton, Texas and his mother, Lucy Keys, was 16 when she gave birth to Robert Henry, her first child. By 1946, Bill Keys got a job for the Santa Fe Railroad in Belen, the family moved to Belen, New Mexico, but young Robert stayed with his grandparents in Slaton, Texas, an arrangement he was quite happy with. Bill and Lucy would have three children, Gary and twins Debbie and Daryl. Lucy Keys went on to become a senator in New Mexico. Bobby Keys started touring at age fifteen with Bobby Vee and fellow Texan Buddy Holly, Keys met the Rolling Stones at the San Antonio Teen Fair in 1964. He is best known for his resume as a musician. Keys and Richards share exactly the same date of birth, after renewing his acquaintance with the band via Gram Parsons, a mutual friend, Keys made his debut with The Rolling Stones on the Let It Bleed track Live with Me in 1969. In addition to Brown Sugar, he was featured on such early 1970s Stones songs as Cant You Hear Me Knocking. Keys and Mick Jagger also became close in the early 1970s, together with Jim Price on trumpet, Keys toured with the Stones from 1970 to 1972. According to legend, Keys was abruptly dismissed by an incensed Jagger after filling a bathtub with Dom Perignon champagne and drinking most of it. Although Keys did not dispute the incident, he maintained in his memoir that he left the tour of his own volition to curtail his heroin addiction for the sake of his family. As a result of turmoil, Keys only guested on some shows of the 1975 and 1978 American tours. He performed only four tracks on the 1981 tour, on which Ernie Watts was the saxophonist, Keys was reinstated as the bands main touring saxophonist on the 1982 European Tour, together with Gene Barge. Keys played with the Stones on all subsequent tours up to his death, prior to touring with the Stones, Keys played with Delaney & Bonnie and Friends with Eric Clapton and George Harrison in 1969. In particular, the year 1970 was a series of notable performances. Keys started the working on Claptons first solo LP
Bobby Keys
–
Keys performing in October 2009
Bobby Keys
–
UK releases
Bobby Keys
–
Studio albums
28.
List of Christmas number one singles (Ireland)
–
In Ireland, Christmas number ones are singles that are top of the Irish Singles Chart in the week in which Christmas Day falls. The Irish Singles Chart was first published in 1962, and the first artist to top the chart at Christmas was Elvis Presley with Return to Sender, the following year, Brendan Bowyer became the first Irish artist to claim top spot at Christmas with No More. The last Irish artist to secure the number one at Christmas to date was Mario Rosenstock, the supergroup Band Aid, created by Irishman Bob Geldof, is the only act to have been number one at Christmas three times, each time with Do They Know Its Christmas. Four more acts have held top spot twice, The Beatles, Queen, many acts that have topped the Irish Singles Chart at Christmas have also topped the UK Singles Chart at the same time. From 2006 to 2013, every winner of the Irish Christmas number one came from the contestant of that years series of the British reality contest The X Factor. Mark Ronson and Bruno Mars broke this streak in 2014 with their single Uptown Funk, Irish bands such as The Rubberbandits and The Saw Doctors have contested for the honor during this time frame, but both fell well short. List of UK Singles Chart Christmas number ones Christmas number two singles in the UK History of Irish Christmas No.1
List of Christmas number one singles (Ireland)
–
Irishman
Bob Geldof was creator of
supergroup Band Aid, who held the number one spot at Christmas in three different incarnations.
List of Christmas number one singles (Ireland)
–
The
Spice Girls held the number one spot at Christmas twice in the late 1990s.
List of Christmas number one singles (Ireland)
–
Eminem had two Christmas number ones in the early 2000s.
List of Christmas number one singles (Ireland)
–
Mario Rosenstock is the last Irish national to have had a Christmas number one, in 2005.
29.
Irish Charts
–
The Irish Recorded Music Association is a non-profit association set up in 1999 to manage and control the music industry in the Republic of Ireland. On 12 June 2013, IRMA secured an Order of the High Court to block access to The Pirate Bay to all Irish internet users in the Republic of Ireland, IRMA operates to promote and protect the welfare and interests of the Irish record industry. Specifically, IRMA is involved in lobbying to protect and enhance the interest of member companies, in the past IRMA have organised The IRMA Honours, an awards ceremony which honours the life work of Irelands leading musicians and people who have influenced the Irish music industry. Past recipients include Bob Geldof, Larry Gogan and Christy Moore, IRMA also compile and manage the official music charts for the Republic of Ireland. These include, Top 100 Albums, Top 100 Singles, Top 10 Classical Albums, Top 10 Dance Singles, Top 20 Multi-Artist Compilation Albums, Top 30 Videos, Top 20 DVDs and Top 10 Music DVDS. On 12 April 2005, the association began to take action against serial filesharers in the Republic of Ireland who illegally distribute music on the Internet. On 15 November 2005, the IRMA began Phase II of its plan to battle filesharing, only Irish companies can become members of the IRMA. All members pay a fee based on company size. Currently, the IRMA has 51 member companies, in the mid-1990s IRMA presented the IRMA Music Awards. These have been replaced by the music awards show Meteor Ireland Music Awards. IRMA and Eircom reached an agreement over file sharing which uses a third-party organisation to monitor Eircom users for downloading of infringing music, the agreed system was reported to use a three-strikes-and-youre-out system. The agreement was criticised by Digital Rights Ireland and IrelandOffline, protests against the actions of IRMA are being organised by Digital Rights Ireland, as well as Blackout Ireland. The trusts main initiative is the Instrument Bank, which provides music instruments to young people, particularly to young people who live in disadvantaged communities throughout Ireland
Irish Charts
–
Irish Recorded Music Association
30.
Recording Industry Association of America
–
The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
Recording Industry Association of America
–
Recording Industry Association of America
31.
ZIP Code
–
ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, was chosen to suggest that the travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly. The basic format consists of five numerical digits, an extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in 1983, includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, a hyphen, and four additional digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP Code. The term ZIP Code was originally registered as a servicemark by the U. S. Postal Service, USPS style for ZIP is all caps and the c in code is also capitalized, although style sheets for some publications use sentence case or lowercase. The early history and context of postal codes began with postal district/zone numbers, the United States Post Office Department implemented postal zones for numerous large cities in 1943. For example, Mr. John Smith 3256 Epiphenomenal Avenue Minneapolis 16, by the early 1960s a more organized system was needed, and on July 1,1963, non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide. Three months later, on October 1,1963, the U. S, an earlier list in June had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with one exception, according to the historian of the U. S. Robert Moon, an employee of the post office, is considered the father of the ZIP Code, he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a postal inspector. The post office gives credit to Moon only for the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the sectional center facility or sec center, an SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes, the mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, Mail picked up at post offices is sent to their own SCF in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. The United States Post Office used a character, which it called Mr. ZIP. He was often depicted with a such as USE ZIP CODE in the selvage of panes of stamps or on labels contained in, or the covers of. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded ZIP Code system that it called ZIP+4, often called plus-four codes, add-on codes, or add ons. But initial attempts to promote use of the new format met with public resistance. For Post Office Boxes, the rule is that each box has its own ZIP+4 code. However, there is no rule, so the ZIP+4 Code must be looked up individually for each box. It is common to use add-on code 9998 for mail addressed to the postmaster,9999 for general delivery, for a unique ZIP Code, the add-on code is typically 0001
ZIP Code
–
A 1963 U.S. Post Office sign encouraging the use of ZIP codes
ZIP Code
ZIP Code
–
"Use Zip code" labels were also used to promote the use of a ZIP code.
ZIP Code
–
USA postage stamp, 1973: "It all depends on ZIP code".
32.
U.S. Postal Service
–
The United States Postal Service, is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution, Mail traces its roots to 1775 during the Second Continental Congress, where Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general. The USPS as of February 2015 has 617,254 active employees, the USPS is the operator of the largest civilian vehicle fleet in the world. The USPS is legally obligated to serve all Americans, regardless of geography, at uniform price, the USPS has exclusive access to letter boxes marked U. S. The USPS lost $5.5 billion in fiscal year 2014 and $5.1 billion in 2015, in the early years of the North American colonies, many attempts were made to initiate a postal service. These early attempts were of small scale and usually involved a colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony for example, for example, informal independently-run postal routes operated in Boston as early as 1639, with a Boston to New York City service starting in 1672. A central postal organization came to the colonies in 1691, when Thomas Neale received a 21-year grant from the British Crown for a North American Postal Service, the patent included the exclusive right to establish and collect a formal postal tax on official documents of all kinds. The tax was repealed a year later, Neale appointed Andrew Hamilton, Governor of New Jersey, as his deputy postmaster. The first postal service in America commenced in February 1692, rates of postage were fixed and authorized, and measures were taken to establish a post office in each town in Virginia. Massachusetts and the other colonies soon passed laws, and a very imperfect post office system was established. Neales patent expired in 1710, when Parliament extended the English postal system to the colonies, the chief office was established in New York City, where letters were conveyed by regular packets across the Atlantic. Before the Revolution, there was only a trickle of business or governmental correspondence between the colonies, most of the mail went back and forth to counting houses and government offices in London. The Revolution made Philadelphia, the seat of the Continental Congress, News, new laws, political intelligence, and military orders circulated with a new urgency, and a postal system was necessary. Journalists took the lead, securing post office legislation that allowed them to reach their subscribers at very low cost, overthrowing the London-oriented imperial postal service in 1774-1775, printers enlisted merchants and the new political leadership, and created a new postal system. The United States Post Office was created on July 26,1775, the official post office was created in 1792 as the Post Office Department. It was based on the Constitutional authority empowering Congress To establish post offices, the 1792 law provided for a greatly expanded postal network, and served editors by charging newspapers an extremely low rate. The law guaranteed the sanctity of personal correspondence, and provided the country with low-cost access to information on public affairs. Rufus Easton was appointed by Thomas Jefferson first postmaster of St. Louis under the recommendation of Postmaster General Gideon Granger, Rufus Easton was the first postmaster and built the first post office west of the Mississippi
U.S. Postal Service
–
~
Benjamin Franklin ~
George Washington ~ The First U.S. Postage Stamps Issued 1847 The first stamp issues were authorized by an act of Congress and approved on March 3, 1847. The earliest known use of the Franklin 5¢ is July 7, 1847, while the earliest known use of the Washington 10¢ is July 2, 1847. Remaining in postal circulation for only a few years, these issues were declared invalid for postage on July 1, 1851.
U.S. Postal Service
–
Logo used since 1993
U.S. Postal Service
–
Historic
Mineral Wells, Texas post office built between 1911 and 1913
U.S. Postal Service
–
USPS service delivery truck
33.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
International Standard Book Number
–
A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an
EAN-13 bar code
34.
Lovesick Blues
–
Lovesick Blues is a show tune written by Cliff Friend and Irving Mills. The song first appeared in the 1922 musical Oh, Ernest and it was recorded by Emmett Miller in 1928 and later by country music singer Rex Griffin. The recordings by Griffin and Miller inspired Hank Williams to perform the song during his first appearances on the Louisiana Hayride in 1948, receiving an enthusiastic reception from the audience, Williams decided to record his own version despite initial push back from his producer Fred Rose and his band. MGM Records released Lovesick Blues in February 1949, and it became a success, quickly reaching number one on Billboards Top C&W singles. The publication named it the top country and western record of the year, several cover versions of the song have been recorded. The most popular, Frank Ifields 1962 version, topped the UK Singles Chart, in 2004, Williams version was added to the National Recording Registry. Lovesick Blues was originally entitled Ive Got the Lovesick Blues and published by Jack Mills, Inc. in 1922, Irving Mills authored the lyrics and it was first performed by Anna Chandler in the Tin Pan Alley musical Oh. Ernest and first recorded by Elsie Clark on March 21,1922 with Okeh Records, following the recording, Cliff and Friend copyrighted the song on April 3,1922. It was featured in a show at the Boardwalk Club in New York City in June 1922, on September 1,1925, OKeh Records sent scout Ralph Peer and a recording crew to Asheville, North Carolina. Among the aspiring artists recorded by Peer was Emmett Miller, accompanied by Walter Rothrock on the piano, Miller cut four sides for the label, including Lovesick Blues. The single was paired with Big Bad Bill and released in November 1925, on June 12,1928 accompanied by the Georgia Crackers, Miller re-recorded the song, which was subsequently released to weak sales. Millers version was covered by country music singer Rex Griffin in December 1939 on Decca Records. Griffin rearranged the song by using the original chorus - I got a called the blues—as a verse and turning the verse Im in love, Im in love. Hank Williams, who heard both the Miller and Griffin versions, started performing the song on the Louisiana Hayride shortly after joining in August 1948. Horace Logan, the producer and programming director for KWKH. In light of the audiences strong positive reaction, Williams decided to record the song. His decision was questioned by his musicians and also his producer, Fred Rose, for this recording, Williams replaced the jazz musicians with a modern country music band, using a rhythm guitar, mandolin, string bass, drums and a steel guitar. Williams session band was composed of Clyde Baum, Zeke Turner, Jerry Byrd, Louis Innis, Tommy Jackson, with little time left, Byrd and Turner replicated the musical arrangement they previously used on an Ernest Tubb session for a cover of Jimmie Rodgers Waiting for a Train
Lovesick Blues
–
"Lovesick Blues"
Lovesick Blues
–
First sheet music, published in 1922 PDF
Lovesick Blues
–
Hank Williams, depicted on an MGM publicity portrait
35.
List of number-one singles (UK)
–
The UK Singles Chart is a weekly record chart which for most of its history was based on single sales from Sunday to Saturday in the United Kingdom. Since July 2014 it has also incorporated streaming data, and from 10 July 2015 has been based on a Friday to Thursday week, as of 27 January 2017,1319 singles have reached number one. The chart was founded in 1952 by Percy Dickins of New Musical Express, Dickins aggregated the results into a top 12 hit parade, which was topped by Here in My Heart by Al Martino. NMEs chart was published each week in its eponymous magazine, the most successful band are The Beatles, who have achieved 17 number ones on the chart. The Beatles first chart-topper, From Me to You, reached number one in May 1963, in the 1970s the required number of sales needed to top the chart was roughly 150,000. During 1992, when few releases were reaching number one, sales of CD singles were low, in 2000, when turnover of number ones was high, tracks could often sell between 100,000 and 200,000 copies in a single week. By May 2007, a single needed to sell just 20,000 copies in order to number one. UK chart commentator James Masterton remarked in 2003, When record sales are high, public interest in a song very quickly. Sales figures improved in 2008 and continued into the early 2010s, peaking in 2013, eventually, streaming was incorporated into the sales chart
List of number-one singles (UK)
–
Elvis Presley has achieved 21 number ones on the
UK Singles Chart, more than any other act.
List of number-one singles (UK)
–
Graph showing number of UK number-one singles for each year since 1953. The 2011 figure is projected.
List of number-one singles (UK)
–
Al Martino 's track "
Here in My Heart " was the first single ever to top the UK Singles Chart, and the only single to reach number one during 1952.
List of number-one singles (UK)
–
The Beatles topped the chart 17 times during the 1960s, more than any other act that decade.
36.
Cliff Richard
–
Sir Cliff Richard OBE is a British pop singer, musician, performer, actor and philanthropist. Richard has sold more than 250 million records worldwide and he has total sales of over 21 million singles in the United Kingdom and is the third-top-selling artist in UK Singles Chart history, behind the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Richard was originally positioned as a rock and roll singer in the style of Little Richard. With his backing group, The Shadows, Richard dominated the British popular music scene in the period of the late 1950s to early 1960s. Increased focus on his Christian faith and subsequent softening of his music later led to a middle of the road pop image. He has had more than 130 singles, albums and EPs make the UK Top 20, Richard has had 67 UK top ten singles, the second highest total for an artist behind Elvis Presley. Richard holds the record as the act to make the UK singles charts in all of its first six decades. He has achieved 14 UK No.1 singles, and is the singer to have had a No.1 single in the UK in five consecutive decades. Richard has never achieved the same impact in the United States despite eight US Top 40 singles, including the million-selling Devil Woman and We Dont Talk Anymore. He has remained a music, film, and television personality in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Northern Europe and Asia. Richard has been a resident in the United Kingdom for most of his life and he divides his time between living in Barbados and Portugal. Harry Rodger Webb was born in India at King Georges Hospital, Victoria Street, in Lucknow and his parents were Rodger Oscar Webb, a manager for a catering contractor that serviced the Indian Railways, and the former Dorothy Marie Dazely. Richard is primarily of English heritage, but he has one great-grandmother who was of half Welsh and half Spanish descent, the Webb family lived in a modest home in Maqbara, near the main shopping centre of Hazratganj. Dorothys mother served as the matron at the La Martiniere Girls School. In 1948, following Indian independence, the family embarked on a sea voyage to Tilbury, Essex. The Webbs moved from comparative wealth in India, where lived in a company-supplied flat at Howrah near Calcutta. Harry Webb attended a primary school, Stanley Park Juniors. He then attended Cheshunt Secondary Modern School from 1952 to 1957, as a member of the top stream, he stayed on beyond the minimum leaving age to take GCE Ordinary Level examinations and gained a pass in English literature
Cliff Richard
–
Cliff Richard in November 2009
Cliff Richard
–
Cliff Richard at a press conference in the Netherlands in 1962
Cliff Richard
–
Cliff Richard with
the Shadows in 1962
Cliff Richard
–
Portrait by
Allan Warren (1973)
37.
The Shadows
–
The group, who were in the forefront of the UK beat-group boom, were the first backing band to emerge as stars. As pioneers of the instrumental format, the band consisted of lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar. Their range covers pop, rock, surf rock and ballads with a jazz influence, the core members are Hank Marvin, Bruce Welch and Brian Bennett. The sound was produced by Fender and Burns guitars, amplifiers by Vox and echo units Meazzi Echomatic tape, the Shadows, with Cliff Richard, dominated British popular music in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the years before the Beatles. Although they lost ground in the late 60s, the band had a success from the late 70s. The Shadows are the third most successful act in the UK singles chart, behind Elvis Presley, the Shadows and Cliff Richard & the Shadows each have had four No.1 selling EPs. The Shadows, although originally the band for Richard, were later an instrumental combo, following their success with the Jerry Lordan composition. The Shadows disbanded in 1968 but Marvin and Welch formed a trio with John Farrar, as Marvin. Because of low sales and fans demanding Shadows numbers at gigs, the group disbanded in 1990 but reformed in 2004–05 for a UK and continental European tour and again during 2009–10 to tour and release an album with a 50th anniversary reunion with Richard. Samwell wrote the first hit, Move It, often attributed to Cliff Richard. Initially, Norrie Paramor wanted to record using only studio musicians but after persuasion he allowed Smart, two session players, guitarist Ernie Shear and bassist Frank Clark, played on the Move It/Schoolboy Crush single on Paramors insistence to ensure a strong sound. In his memoirs Welch regrets that he and Marvin could not be at the start of making history with Move It, the Drifters signed for Jack Goods Oh Boy. television series. Paramor of EMI signed Richard, and asked Johnny Foster to recruit a better guitarist, Foster went to Sohos 2is coffee bar, known for musical talent performing there, particularly in skiffle, in search of guitarist Tony Sheridan. Sheridan was not there but Fosters attention was caught by another musician, in spring the same year, the US Drifters threatened legal action after the release and immediate withdrawal of Feelin Fine in the US. The second single, Jet Black, was released in the US as the Four Jets to avoid further legal aggravation, the name the Shadows was invented by Harris while he and Marvin were at the Six Bells pub in Ruislip in July 1959. When Hank Marvin and Jet Harris took off on their scooters up to the Six Bells pub at Ruislip, Jet hit upon a name straight away. So we became the Shadows for the first time on Cliffs sixth single Travellin Light, in 1960, Apache, an instrumental by Jerry Lordan, topped the charts for five weeks. Further hits followed, notably Wonderful Land, another Lordan composition with orchestral backing, kon Tiki six months earlier had also reached number one
The Shadows
–
The Shadows in 2009 at the MEN Arena, Manchester, from left to right: (Warren Bennett), Bruce Welch, (Mark Griffiths), Brian Bennett and Hank Marvin
The Shadows
–
Cliff Richard and the Shadows in 1962
The Shadows
–
The Shadows Live at Abbey Road
The Shadows
–
The Shadows 2009 Brussels
38.
List of UK Singles Chart Christmas number ones
–
In the United Kingdom, Christmas number ones are singles that are top of the UK Singles Chart in the week in which Christmas Day falls. Novelty songs, charity songs or songs with a Christmas theme have regularly been at the top of Christmas charts. Traditionally the volume of sales in the UK peaks at Christmas, with the Christmas number one being considered especially prestigious. Many of the Christmas number ones were also the song of the year. Due to the practice of dating a chart by the date on which the week ends, the Christmas chart is dated the end of the week containing 25 December. The most recent Christmas number one single is Rockabye by Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul, the official UK Singles Chart began in 1952 after appearing in the New Musical Express, the positions of all songs are based on week end sale totals. Before 1987 they were released on a Tuesday due to the need for manual calculation, since 2002 the Christmas number one has been dominated by reality television contests, with the winners often heading straight to number one in the week before Christmas. This trend began when Popstars, The Rivals contestants released the top three singles on the Christmas chart, from 2005 to 2008,2010 and 2013 to 2014, the winners of The X Factor took the number-one spot on seven occasions. In 2007, the X Factor single was so much of a favourite for number one that bookmakers started taking bets on which song would be the Christmas Number Two instead. Rage Against the Machines 1992 single Killing in the Name outsold Joe McElderry in 2009 following a successful Facebook campaign. This made them the first group to get a Christmas number one with a download-only single, similar campaigns in 2010 promoting acts such as Biffy Clyro, John Cage and The Trashmen were unsuccessful. The Beatles are the act to have four Christmas number ones. On two occasions,1963 and 1967, they had both the Christmas number one and the two, the only act to have achieved this. As part of two acts, George Michael repeated the feat with Band Aid and Wham. in 1984, Paul McCartney has been top eight times with various acts. Cliff Richard has spent four Christmasses at number one, two as an act, one with The Shadows and one as part of Band Aid II. The Spice Girls later equalled the record of having three consecutive Christmas number ones, from 1996 to 1998, Spice Girl Melanie C achieved a fourth Christmas number one as a member of The Justice Collective in 2012, which also gave Robbie Williams his third. Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen, which reached the spot at Christmas 1975 and 1991, is the only record to have reached the top twice. Marys Boy Child is the song to be Christmas number one for two different artists, although Do They Know Its Christmas
List of UK Singles Chart Christmas number ones
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Al Martino, the first person to reach the Christmas top spot
List of UK Singles Chart Christmas number ones
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The Beatles had four Christmas number ones during the 1960s, three of which were consecutive.
List of UK Singles Chart Christmas number ones
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Bob Geldof, creator of charity
supergroup Band Aid who were Christmas number one in three different incarnations
List of UK Singles Chart Christmas number ones
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"
Bohemian Rhapsody ", by
Queen, reached the number one slot twice, in 1975 and 1991
39.
I Want to Hold Your Hand
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I Want to Hold Your Hand is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. Written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and recorded in October 1963, taking two weeks to dislodge its predecessor, I Want to Hold Your Hand stayed at number one for five weeks and remained in the UK top 50 for 21 weeks in total. It was also the groups first American number one, entering the Billboard Hot 100 chart on 18 January 1964 at number 45 and starting the British invasion of the American music industry. By 1 February it held the spot, and stayed there for seven weeks before being replaced by She Loves You. It remained on the Billboard chart for 15 weeks, I Want to Hold Your Hand became the Beatles best-selling single worldwide. In 2013, Billboard magazine named it the 44th biggest hit of all-time on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. Capitol Records rejection of the recordings in the USA was now Brian Epstein’s main concern and encouraged Lennon. This location briefly became Lennon and McCartneys new writing base, taking over from McCartney’s Forthlin Road home in Liverpool. Margaret Asher taught the oboe in the small, rather stuffy music room in the basement where Lennon and McCartney sat at the piano, in September 1980, Lennon told Playboy magazine, We wrote a lot of stuff together, one on one, eyeball to eyeball. Like in I Want to Hold Your Hand, I remember when we got the chord that made the song and we were in Jane Ashers house, downstairs in the cellar playing on the piano at the same time. And we had, Oh you-u-u/ got that something, and Paul hits this chord and I turn to him and say, Thats it. In those days, we used to absolutely write like that — both playing into each others noses. In 1994, McCartney agreed with Lennons description of the surrounding the composition of I Want to Hold Your Hand, saying. I Want to Hold Your Hand was very co-written and it was our big number one, the one that would eventually break us in America. The song is in the key of G major and opens on Ill tell you with a D-B, B-D melody note drop, controversy exists over the landmark chord that Lennon stated McCartney hit on the piano while they were composing the song. Marshall considers it is the vi chord. Everett is of the same opinion, pedler claims, however, that more surprising is the melody note drop from B to F# against a III7 chord on understand. Music theorists are divided over whether this chord is a iii, lyrically bland, random phrases were most likely called out and if they fitted the overall sound would stay
I Want to Hold Your Hand
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US picture sleeve
I Want to Hold Your Hand
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1992 CD issue
40.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
The Beatles
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The "Fab Four" Beatles lineup in 1964 Top: Lennon, McCartney Bottom: Harrison, Starr
The Beatles
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Abbey Road Studios main entrance
The Beatles
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McCartney, Harrison, Swedish pop singer
Lill-Babs and Lennon on the set of the Swedish television show Drop-In, 30 October 1963
The Beatles
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The Beatles arrive at John F. Kennedy International Airport, 7 February 1964
41.
I Feel Fine
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I Feel Fine is a song written by John Lennon and released in 1964 by the Beatles as the A-side of their eighth British single. The song has one of the first uses of guitar feedback in popular music, Lennon wrote the guitar riff while in the studio recording Eight Days a Week. I wrote I Feel Fine around that riff going on in the background, I told them Id write a song specially for the riff. You go away and do that, knowing that wed almost finished the album Beatles for Sale, anyway, going into the studio one morning, I said to Ringo, Ive written this song but its lousy. But we tried it, complete with riff, and it sounded like an A-side, paul McCartney said the drums on I Feel Fine were inspired by Ray Charless Whatd I Say. At the time of the recording, the Beatles, having mastered the studio basics, had begun to explore new sources of inspiration in noises previously eliminated as mistakes. I Feel Fine marks one of the earliest examples of the use of feedback as an effect in popular music. Artists such as the Kinks and the Who had already used feedback live, I Feel Fine is written in 4/4 time with drummer Ringo Starrs R&B-influenced beat featured through most of the song except for the bridge, which has a more conventional backbeat. The melody, unusually, uses a third and a minor seventh. Just before the coda, Lennons intro riff is repeated with a sound by George Harrison on electric guitar. The song ends with a fadeout of the G major portion of the opening riff repeated several times, I Feel Fine starts with a single, percussive feedback note produced by plucking the A string on Lennons guitar. This was the first use of feedback on a rock record, according to McCartney, John had a semi-acoustic Gibson guitar. It had a pickup on it so it could be amplified and we were just about to walk away to listen to a take when John leaned his guitar against the amp. I can still see him doing it. it went, Nnnnnnwahhhhh, George Martin was there so we said, Can we have that on the record. Well, I suppose we could, we could edit it on the front and it was a found object, an accident caused by leaning the guitar against the amp. Although it sounded much like an electric guitar, Lennon actually played the riff on an acoustic-electric guitar. Later, Lennon was very proud of this sonic experimentation, in one of his last interviews, he said, I defy anybody to find a record—unless its some old blues record in 1922—that uses feedback that way. Two different music videos directed by Joe McGrath were filmed on 23 November 1965, both feature various bits of gym equipment
I Feel Fine
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US picture sleeve
42.
Day Tripper
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Day Tripper is a song by the Beatles, released as a double A-side single with We Can Work It Out. Both songs were recorded during the sessions for the Rubber Soul album, the single topped the UK Singles Chart and the song peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in January 1966. Under the pressure of needing a new single for the Christmas market, John Lennon wrote much of the music and most of the lyrics, Day Tripper was a typical play on words by Lennon, Day trippers are people who go on a day trip, right. Usually on a ferryboat or something, in the same interview, Lennon said, Thats mine. Including the lick, the break and the whole bit. In his 1970 interview with Rolling Stone, however, Lennon used Day Tripper as one example of their collaboration, for his part, McCartney claimed it was very much a collaboration based on Lennons original idea. In Many Years From Now, McCartney said that Day Tripper was about drugs, committed only in part to the idea. The line shes a big teaser is a double entendre for shes a prick teaser, in 1966 McCartney told Melody Maker that Day Tripper and Drive My Car were funny songs, songs with jokes in. The song was recorded on 16 October 1965, the Beatles recorded the basic rhythm track for If I Needed Someone after completing Day Tripper. The released master contains one of the most noticeable mistakes of any Beatles song, there are also two more minor drop-outs at 1,56 and 2,32. Bootleg releases of an early mix feature a technical glitch on the tape itself. This was later fixed on the 2000 compilation 1 and on the remastered Past Masters, in 1966, Day Tripper was featured on the US album Yesterday and Today and the British A Collection of Beatles Oldies compilation. It was later included on the 1962–1966 compilation, released in 1973, the Beatles filmed three different music videos, directed by Joe McGrath, on 23 November 1965. These videos, along with a batch of other mimed performances, were meant to be sent to various music and variety shows. One of the November 1965 promotional videos was included in the Beatles 2015 video compilation 1, jimi Hendrix recorded two versions, one with the Experience on BBC Sessions and an earlier version with Curtis Knight. & The M. G. s, Ramsey Lewis, Yellow Magic Orchestra, Eric Clapton plays the riff on the 1966 album Blues Breakers with Eric Clapton. Paul McCartney has performed the live in concert in 2009
Day Tripper
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US picture sleeve
Day Tripper
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Main guitar riff
43.
We Can Work It Out
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We Can Work It Out is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon. It was first issued as a double A-side single with Day Tripper in December 1965, the release marked the first time that both tracks on a Beatles single were designated as joint A-sides. The song was recorded during the sessions for the bands Rubber Soul album and this song, A Day in the Life, Baby, Youre a Rich Man and Ive Got a Feeling, are among the notable exceptions. McCartney wrote the words and music to the verses and the chorus, with lyrics that might have been personal, McCartney then took the song to Lennon, I took it to John to finish it off, and we wrote the middle together. Which is nice, Life is very short, theres no time for fussing and fighting, my friend. Then it was George Harrisons idea to put the middle into 3/4 time and that came on the session, it was one of the cases of the arrangement being done on the session. As Lennon told Playboy in 1980, In We Can Work It Out, Paul did the first half, I did the middle eight. But youve got Paul writing, We can work it out / We can work it out—real optimistic, yknow, and me, impatient, Life is very short, and theres no time / For fussing and fighting, my friend. Based on those comments, some critics overemphasised McCartneys optimism, neglecting the toughness in passages written by McCartney, Music critic Ian MacDonald said, passages are so suited to his Salvation Army harmonium that its hard to imagine them not being composed on it. The Beatles recorded We Can Work It Out on 20 October 1965, four days after its single track. They spent nearly 11 hours on the song, by far the longest expenditure of time up to that point. In a discussion about which song to release as a single, Lennon argued for Day Tripper, as a result, the single was marketed as the first double A-side, but airplay and point-of-sale requests soon proved We Can Work It Out to be more popular. The record reached number 1 on both sides of the Atlantic, the Beatles fastest-selling single since Cant Buy Me Love, their previous McCartney-led A-side in the UK and it has sold 1.39 million copies in the UK. We Can Work It Out was the last of six number one singles in a row on the American charts and it was preceded by I Feel Fine, Eight Days a Week, Ticket to Ride, Help. and Yesterday. The song became the bands 11th number one, accomplished in just under two years since their debut on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, both sides of the single entered the Hot 100 on the week ending 18 December 1965. On 8 January 1966, We Can Work It Out hit number 1 on the chart and we Can Work It Out spent three non-consecutive weeks at number 1, while Day Tripper peaked at number 5. Three of the films were mimed performances of We Can Work It Out, the most frequently broadcast of the three versions was a straightforward performance piece with the group wearing black suits. Another had the group wearing the suits from their Shea Stadium performance on 15 August
We Can Work It Out
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US picture sleeve
We Can Work It Out
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"We Can Work It Out"
44.
Tom Jones (singer)
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Sir Thomas John Woodward OBE is a Welsh singer known by his stage name Tom Jones. Joness powerful voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and his performing range has included pop, rock, R&B, show tunes, country, dance, soul and gospel. In 2008, the New York Times called Jones a musical shape shifter, who could slide from soulful rasp to pop croon, with a voice as husky as it was pretty. Jones received a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1966, an MTV Video Music Award in 1989, Jones was awarded an OBE in 1999 and in 2006 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to music. Jones was born Thomas John Woodward, at 57 Kingsland Terrace, Treforest, Pontypridd, in Glamorgan and his parents were Thomas Woodward, a coal miner, and Freda Jones. His maternal grandfather, Albert Jones, was Welsh, and his grandmother, Ada Jones, was born in Pontypridd, to parents from Somerset. Jones attended Wood Road Infants School, Wood Road Junior School and he began singing at an early age, He would regularly sing at family gatherings, weddings and in his school choir. Jones did not like school or sports, but gained confidence through his singing talent, at 12 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Many years later he said, I spent two years in bed recovering and it was the worst time of my life. During convalescence he could do little else but listen to music, Joness bluesy singing style developed out of the sound of American soul music. His early influences included blues and R&B singers Little Richard, Solomon Burke, Jackie Wilson and Brook Benton, as well as Elvis Presley, in March 1957 Jones married his high school girlfriend, Linda Trenchard when they were expecting a child together, both aged 16. The couples son, Mark, was born in the month following their wedding, to support his young family Jones took a job working in a glove factory and was later employed in construction. Joness voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and he became the frontman in 1963 for Tommy Scott and the Senators, a Welsh beat group. They soon gained a following and reputation in South Wales. In 1964, the group recorded several tracks with producer Joe Meek, who took them to various labels. Later that year, Decca producer Peter Sullivan saw Tommy Scott and the Senators performing in a club and directed them to manager Phil Solomon, the group continued to play gigs at dance halls and working mens clubs in South Wales. One night at the Top Hat in Cwmtillery, Wales, Jones was spotted by Gordon Mills, Mills became Joness manager and took the young singer to London, and also renamed him Tom Jones, to exploit the popularity of the Academy Award-winning 1963 film. Eventually, Mills got Jones a recording contract with Decca and his first single, Chills and Fever, was released in late 1964
Tom Jones (singer)
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Jones singing at
House of Blues,
Anaheim, California, 10 March 2009
Tom Jones (singer)
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Jones duetting with
Janis Joplin in the television program
This Is Tom Jones in 1969
Tom Jones (singer)
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The star commemorating Jones at the
Orpheum Theatre, Memphis
Tom Jones (singer)
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Performing at
Hampton Court Palace in London, 2007
45.
Hello, Goodbye
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Hello, Goodbye is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. Backed by John Lennons I Am the Walrus, it was issued as a single in November 1967. The single was successful around the world, topping charts in the United States. McCartney later said that the lyrics take duality as their theme, the song originated when, in response to a question from Beatles aide Alistair Taylor about songwriting, McCartney sat down at a harmonium and asked Taylor to say the opposite of whatever he said. The completed song includes a coda, which was improvised by the Beatles when they were recording the track in October 1967. The Beatles produced three films for the song, one of which was shown on The Ed Sullivan Show in America. Due to regulations against lip-syncing in Britain, none of the clips were aired there, Hello, Goodbye has traditionally received a varied response from music critics. While some reviewers praise the song for its classic pop qualities, others deem it unadventurous by the Beatles standards, the track was included on the expanded US release of the Magical Mystery Tour soundtrack EP, and later appeared on compilation albums such as 1967–1970 and 1. McCartney has often performed Hello, Goodbye in concert, beginning with his Driving World Tour in 2002, James Last, Bud Shank, Allen Toussaint, the Cure and the cast of Glee are among the acts who have also recorded the song. Although the songwriting credit is Lennon–McCartney, Hello, Goodbye was written solely by Paul McCartney, the composition came about through an exercise in word association between McCartney and Alistair Taylor, an assistant of the Beatles manager, Brian Epstein. It originated during a period when, following the completion of their album Sgt, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band in April 1967, the Beatles typically embraced randomness and simplicity as part of the creative process. According to Taylors recollection, he was visiting McCartney at his home in St Johns Wood, London, author Steve Turner writes of the result, And so it went – black and white, yes and no, stop and go, hello and goodbye. Taylor later reflected, Ive no memory at all of the tune, I wonder whether Paul really made up that song as he went along or whether it was running through his head already. Talking in the 1990s to his biographer, Barry Miles, McCartney said that the lyrics address duality. He added, Its such a theme in the universe, duality – man woman, black white, ebony ivory, high low, right wrong, up down. McCartney also said that, in Hello, Goodbye, he was promoting the positive side of the duality. According to Spitz, McCartney suggested Hello, Goodbye as the Beatles contribution to Our World, Hello Goodbye is in the key of C major and in 4/4 time. MacDonald describes the structure as characteristically scalar and founded on a descending sequence in C
Hello, Goodbye
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US picture sleeve
Hello, Goodbye
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The first of the three promotional clips for "Hello, Goodbye", showing the Beatles in their Sgt. Pepper uniforms, accompanied by female hula dancers
46.
Lily the Pink (song)
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Lily the Pink is a 1968 song released by the UK comedy group the Scaffold. It is a modernisation of a folk song titled The Ballad of Lydia Pinkham. The lyrics celebrate the medicinal compound invented by Lily the Pink, the Scaffolds record, released in November 1968, became No.1 in the UK Singles Chart for the four weeks encompassing the Christmas holidays that year. Backing vocalists on the recording included Graham Nash, Elton John, the lyrics include a number of in-jokes. Another version of the song, released a few months after the Scaffolds by the Irish Rovers, at a time when covers were released almost as soon as the originals, the release from the Rovers Tales to Warm Your Mind Decca LP became a second favorite behind The Unicorn. The song has since adopted by the folk community. It has been performed live by the Brobdingnagian Bards and other Celtic-style folk and folk artists, the song was successfully adapted into French by Richard Anthony in 1969, this version described humorously the devastating effects of a so-called panacée. American folk song on which Lily the Pink was based is generally known as Lydia Pinkham or The Ballad of Lydia Pinkham and it has the Roud number 8368. The song was inspired by Lydia E. Pinkhams Vegetable Compound, supposed to relieve menstrual and menopausal pains, the compound was mass-marketed in the United States from 1876 onwards. The song was certainly in existence by the time of the First World War, F. W. Harvey records it being sung in officers prisoner-of-war camps in Germany, and ascribes it to Canadian prisoners. According to Harvey, the words of the first verse ran, Have you heard of Lydia Pinkum, how she sells her wonderful compound, And the papers publish her face. In many versions, the complaints which the compound had cured were highly ribald in nature. During the Prohibition era in the United States, the medicine had an appeal as a readily available 40-proof alcoholic drink. A version of the song was the regimental song of the Royal Tank Corps during World War II. List of number-one singles of 1968 List of number-one singles from the 1960s List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1960s Lily the Pink lyrics
Lily the Pink (song)
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Label from a box of
Lydia Pinkham 's medicine
47.
Rolf Harris
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Rolf Harris is an Australian entertainer whose career has encompassed work as a musician, singer-songwriter, composer, comedian, actor, painter and television personality. Harris is widely known for his musical compositions Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport, which became a Top 10 hit in Australia, the UK, and the United States. He often used unusual instruments in his performances, he played the didgeridoo, is credited with the invention of the wobble board, during the 1960s and 1970s, Harris became a popular television personality in the UK, later presenting shows such as Rolfs Cartoon Club and Animal Hospital. In 2005, he painted a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. He lived in Bray, Berkshire, England, for more than six decades, Harriss career as a popular entertainer stopped when he was convicted and imprisoned for sexual offences. In 2014, at the age of 84, he was jailed on twelve counts of indecent assault that took place between 1968 or 1969 and 1986, on four female victims then aged eight and nineteen. As a result, he was stripped of many of the honours he had been awarded during his career, including the AO, since 2014, Harris has been serving a prison sentence of five years and nine months, at HMP Stafford. Harris was cleared of charges in February 2017, when a jury acquitted him of three charges and was unable to reach a verdict on four others. Harris was born on 30 March 1930 in Bassendean, Perth, Western Australia, to Agnes Margaret and Cromwell Harris and he grew up in Wembley, Western Australia. He was named after Rolf Boldrewood, the pseudonym of an Australian writer whom his mother admired, after his later fame, Harris was often referred to as the boy from Bassendean within Australia. As a child he owned a dog called Buster Fleabags, about whom he wrote a book. He painted a portrait of the then Lieutenant Governor of Western Australia, Sir James Mitchell and he won the 1949 Claude Hotchin prize for oil colours with his landscape On a May Morning, Guildford. As an adolescent and young adult Harris was a champion swimmer, in 1946, he was the Australian Junior 110 yards Backstroke Champion. He was also the Western Australian state champion over a variety of distances and strokes during the period from 1948 to 1952, Harris moved to England in 1952 and became an art student at City and Guilds of London Art School in South London, at the age of 22. He went on to illustrate Harbins Paper Magic programme in 1956, in 1954, Harris was a regular on a BBC Television programme Whirligig, which featured a character called Willoughby, who sprang to life on a drawing board, but was erased at the end of each episode. By this stage, Harris had drifted away from art school as a slightly disillusioned student. At the time that he was working with Veal, Harris was also entertaining with his piano accordion every Thursday night at a called the Down Under, frequented by Australians. At the Down Under venue Harris honed his entertainment skills over several years, eventually writing what became his theme song, Tie Me Kangaroo Down
Rolf Harris
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Harris in November 2010
Rolf Harris
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At 14, he swam the fastest time, swimming from scratch, in the Swim through Bassendean handicap race, 27 January 1945.
Rolf Harris
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Harris sketches a "Rolfaroo" self-portrait in 2008
Rolf Harris
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Harris playing the
accordion in 2008
48.
List of Christmas number one singles (UK)
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In the United Kingdom, Christmas number ones are singles that are top of the UK Singles Chart in the week in which Christmas Day falls. Novelty songs, charity songs or songs with a Christmas theme have regularly been at the top of Christmas charts. Traditionally the volume of sales in the UK peaks at Christmas, with the Christmas number one being considered especially prestigious. Many of the Christmas number ones were also the song of the year. Due to the practice of dating a chart by the date on which the week ends, the Christmas chart is dated the end of the week containing 25 December. The most recent Christmas number one single is Rockabye by Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul, the official UK Singles Chart began in 1952 after appearing in the New Musical Express, the positions of all songs are based on week end sale totals. Before 1987 they were released on a Tuesday due to the need for manual calculation, since 2002 the Christmas number one has been dominated by reality television contests, with the winners often heading straight to number one in the week before Christmas. This trend began when Popstars, The Rivals contestants released the top three singles on the Christmas chart, from 2005 to 2008,2010 and 2013 to 2014, the winners of The X Factor took the number-one spot on seven occasions. In 2007, the X Factor single was so much of a favourite for number one that bookmakers started taking bets on which song would be the Christmas Number Two instead. Rage Against the Machines 1992 single Killing in the Name outsold Joe McElderry in 2009 following a successful Facebook campaign. This made them the first group to get a Christmas number one with a download-only single, similar campaigns in 2010 promoting acts such as Biffy Clyro, John Cage and The Trashmen were unsuccessful. The Beatles are the act to have four Christmas number ones. On two occasions,1963 and 1967, they had both the Christmas number one and the two, the only act to have achieved this. As part of two acts, George Michael repeated the feat with Band Aid and Wham. in 1984, Paul McCartney has been top eight times with various acts. Cliff Richard has spent four Christmasses at number one, two as an act, one with The Shadows and one as part of Band Aid II. The Spice Girls later equalled the record of having three consecutive Christmas number ones, from 1996 to 1998, Spice Girl Melanie C achieved a fourth Christmas number one as a member of The Justice Collective in 2012, which also gave Robbie Williams his third. Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen, which reached the spot at Christmas 1975 and 1991, is the only record to have reached the top twice. Marys Boy Child is the song to be Christmas number one for two different artists, although Do They Know Its Christmas
List of Christmas number one singles (UK)
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Al Martino, the first person to reach the Christmas top spot
List of Christmas number one singles (UK)
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The Beatles had four Christmas number ones during the 1960s, three of which were consecutive.
List of Christmas number one singles (UK)
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Bob Geldof, creator of charity
supergroup Band Aid who were Christmas number one in three different incarnations
List of Christmas number one singles (UK)
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"
Bohemian Rhapsody ", by
Queen, reached the number one slot twice, in 1975 and 1991
49.
Elvis Presley albums discography
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The Recording Industry Association of America first began tracking sales of Elvis Presley in 1958, who didnt receive his first Gold Album award until 1958. In August 1992, he was awarded with 110 gold, platinum and multi-platinum albums and singles, according to the latest data from the RIAA website, Elvis has a total of 90 gold,53 platinum and 25 multi-platinum album awards by the organization. According to Presleys record label, RCA, their estimation is the best selling artist of all time, notes A^ Half soundtrack album/half compilation of previously issued non-movie recordings. There is also the Movie Soundtrack Series usually released as a single CD, list of songs recorded by Elvis Presley Guralnick, Peter and Jorgensen, Ernst. Elvis, Day By Day - The Definitive Record of His Life, Elvis Presley, A Life In Music - The Complete Recording Sessions. ISBN 0-312-18572-3 Elvis Presley discography, forum, and marketplace at Discogs Elvis The Music official music label site ElvisRecords. us The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
Elvis Presley albums discography
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Publicity photo for
Jailhouse Rock (1957)
50.
Elvis Presley singles discography
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The discography of Elvis Presley starts on July 19,1954, with the release of his first commercial single, and ends in February 1978. All other releases are included in the sections, and obviously all compact disc box sets were also released after Presleys death. In August 1992, he was awarded with 110 gold, platinum and multi-platinum albums and singles, according to Presleys record label, RCA, he is the best selling artist of all time, with sales over 1 billion records worldwide in all formats. Both of these claims were disputed by music historian Joel Whitburn, Whitburn lists Elvis as having 18 number 1 hits and 38 top ten hits. Elvis Presley Enterprises claims Elvis had 40 top ten hits, the differences depend on whether a double-sided hit single is counted as one hit single, or two hit songs. Before the age of compact discs and digital downloads, singles were released on vinyl 45 RPM records. Both songs of many Elvis singles became hits and were listed on the charts, Hound Dog / Dont Be Cruel was a double sided hit single that topped the Billboard Sales chart for 11 weeks in 1956. At the time, Hound Dog was listed as the number 1 A-side for the first five weeks, now Billboard lists it as a single double sided hit. This article lists Elvis Presley’s hits, both A-sides and B-sides, on the Billboard singles charts, as well as rival music publications, Cash Box, another measure of an artist’s popular impact is sales. Elvis Presley Enterprises has disputed the RIAA’s claim, pointing out several omissions in the RIAA’s figures. The RIAA bases its claim on album sales only, and does not include sales in determining the highest selling solo artist. While Elvis’ album sales are significant, his sales were also significant as can be seen in the tables below. During much of Elvis’ career in the 1950s and 1960s, single sales were considered the market for the industry. It was not until the late 1960s and early 1970s that albums became the market for the industry. RIAA does not certify sales of less than 500,000 units for albums, Elvis has had numerous albums and singles which have sold hundreds of thousands of units each but have not reached the 500,000 threshold. Taken together, these could add up to millions in sales that are not recognized by the RIAA. RIAA sales certifications are not automatic, the record company must pay a fee and request an audit from the RIAA in order to certify sales. During Elvis’ life, RCA submitted few of Elvis’ recordings for RIAA certification, instead of paying for RIAA certification, RCA and other companies would simply award their own “Gold Record” to artists based on their internal sales figures
Elvis Presley singles discography
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Publicity photo for
Jailhouse Rock (1957)
