1.
Drama
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Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning action, which is derived from I do, the two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, Thalia was the Muse of comedy, while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy. Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the mode has been contrasted with the epic. The use of drama in a narrow sense to designate a specific type of play dates from the modern era. Drama in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy nor a tragedy—for example and it is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies, adopted to describe drama as a genre within their respective media. Radio drama has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in a performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow. The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production, the structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception. The early modern tragedy Hamlet by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus Rex by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama, a modern example is Long Days Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill. Closet drama describes a form that is intended to be read, in improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance, performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience. Western drama originates in classical Greece, the theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of celebrating the god Dionysus. The competition for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BCE, tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays, which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play. Comedy was officially recognized with a prize in the competition from 487 to 486 BCE, five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia, each offering a single comedy. Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between old comedy, middle comedy and new comedy, following the expansion of the Roman Republic into several Greek territories between 270–240 BCE, Rome encountered Greek drama. While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, from the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favour of a broader variety of theatrical entertainments. The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BCE, five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama. No plays from either writer have survived, by the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, drama was firmly established in Rome and a guild of writers had been formed
2.
Sarah Shahi
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Aahoo Jahansouz Sarah Shahi is an American television actress and former NFL Cheerleader of Iranian and Spanish ancestry. She played Kate Reed in the USA Network legal drama Fairly Legal in 2011–12, Carmen on The L Word in 2008 and she has also appeared as the main female role Det. Dani Reese in Life, and in a role in Alias. Sarah Shahi was born on January 10,1980, in Euless, Texas and she is the daughter of Mah Monir, an interior designer, and Abbas Jahansouz Shahi, who divorced when she was ten. Her maternal grandfather is Persian and her grandmother is from Spain. She has a brother, Cyrus, and a younger sister, Samantha. Her fathers family left Iran two years before the Iranian Revolution and her father, who was working at the American Embassy in Iran, was slated for execution when the regime collapsed in 1979 but was allowed to flee the country. Her birth name, Aahoo, means gazelle in Persian, Shahi adopted Sarah as her name in second grade after hearing a song called Sarah because she was tormented by other children about her unusual birth name. At her fathers behest, she grew up speaking Persian, in addition to English, shahis parents began entering her in beauty pageants at the age of eight. Shahi attended Trinity High School, where she was captain of the volleyball and basketball teams, Shahi won the Miss Fort Worth pageant in 1997. Hoping to become an actress, she joined the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders squad despite not having cheered before, while working as an extra on the set of Dr. In 2005 she appeared in the character role of DJ Carmen de la Pica Morales on The L Word. Shahis two-year contract was not renewed after the end of the fourth season, in 2007, she secured a small role in Rush Hour 3 as Zoe, a scantily clad rich girl who is pursued by Chris Tuckers character, Detective Carter. In 2007, she took on her first permanent leading role on a TV series, the series ran for two seasons. In October 2009, Shahi landed the role in the USA Network pilot. Shahi began filming in November 2009, the show followed the life of Kate Reed, a legal mediator who is frustrated with the bureaucracy and injustice she witnesses in the legal system. The series title was changed to Fairly Legal. The show was cancelled after two seasons in November 2012, Shahi was cast as a recurring love interest for Taylor Kinneys character Lt. Kelly Severide on NBCs show Chicago Fire in October 2012
3.
Dennis Haysbert
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Dennis Dexter Haysbert is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his appearances in commercials for Allstate Insurance and he is also known for playing U. S. Senator David Palmer on the first 5 seasons of 24 and has appeared in the films Love Field, Heat, as of late autumn 2016, Haysbert co-stars in the science fiction series Incorporated. Haysbert was born in San Mateo, California, the son of Gladys, a homemaker and house cleaner and he is the eighth of nine children, having two sisters and six brothers. Haysbert graduated from San Mateo High School in 1972, after high school, being 6 ft 5 in tall, he was offered athletic scholarships but instead chose to study acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Haysbert is a divorced father of two. He announced in April 2009 that he was starting a TV, film and his first project was to be a documentary for HBO about an up-and-coming boxer. During the 2010 California elections, Haysbert supported Democratic Senatorial incumbent Barbara Boxer by appearing with her at campaign events, Haysbert has been acting in film and television since 1978, starting with a guest role in The White Shadow. In 1993, he had a role in Return to Lonesome Dove as outlaw Cherokee Jack Jackson. In 1999, Haysbert starred with Eric Close in Now and Again, in 2001, Haysbert became best known when he was cast in 24 as U. S. Senator David Palmer, who served as Americas first African American President during the second and he also returned as a guest star in the last six episodes of season 4 and the first episode of season 5. He was nominated for a Golden Globe and for a Golden Satellite Award in 2002 for this role, Haysbert stated in an interview for the show that the three men he admires most—Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and Colin Powell—collectively embody his idea of what a President should be. Haysbert believes that his playing of David Palmer on 24 helped Barack Obama—whom Haysbert supported—to win the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination, Haysbert was the first actor to portray DC Comics character Kilowog, a member of the Green Lantern Corps, in a medium outside of comics. He provided the voice of Kilowog on various episodes of Justice League, on March 4,2006, Haysbert guest starred on the Saturday Night Live episode hosted by Natalie Portman as the host of a live action/animated TV Funhouse cartoon called Belated Black History Moment. In his role, Haysbert paid homage to fictional short-lived Saturday morning cartoons featuring black characters and he also portrayed Nelson Mandela in Goodbye Bafana. Haysbert portrayed the lead character Jonas Blane in the CBS action-drama The Unit, in March 2013, Haysbert narrated the documentary The World According to Dick Cheney on the Showtime television channel. In 2015, Haysbert played Detective John Almond in Backstrom, in November 2016, Haysbert began his co-starring role in the nightmarish world of 2074 Milwaukee in Incorporated. The planet is in hell, and civilization is now ruled by a handful of super-corporations
4.
Sendhil Ramamurthy
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Sendhil Ramamurthy is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as geneticist Mohinder Suresh in the NBC sci-fi drama Heroes, Ramamurthy was born in Chicago to a Kannadiga Indian father and a Tamil Indian mother who had emigrated from India. He grew up speaking English and a little Kannada and he has one sister who is also a physician. He and his sister were raised in San Antonio, there, he went to Keystone School and graduated in 1991. He is the cousin of comedian and film director Jay Chandrasekhar, Ramamurthy is married to actress Olga Sosnovska with two children, daughter Halina and son Alex, and lives in London. Ramamurthy attended Tufts University initially as a major to follow in his parents footsteps. He was also a member of the Kappa Charge of Theta Delta Chi and he became interested in acting when he took an Intro to Acting class during his junior year as part of his graduation requirement. After participating in several plays — including Our Countrys Good, he chose to change career goals and he graduated with a bachelors degree in history and then attended the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London in 1996, graduating in 1998. Ramamurthy has appeared in productions of A Servant of Two Masters in Londons West End, Indian Ink at the Soho Repertory Theatre. His film credits include Love & Debate, Orient Express, Blind Dating, Little India, Shor in the City and Gurinder Chadhas comedy film Its a Wonderful Afterlife. In addition, he has appeared on several TV shows, including Ellen, Casualty, Guiding Light, Greys Anatomy, Ultimate Force, CSI, Miami, Heroes and he made a conscious decision to not audition for stereotypical Indian roles, although he has been offered such parts. Ramamurthys role on Heroes was his biggest to date, although the character of Mohinder Suresh was originally written for a 55-year-old, his audition tape and screen test were convincing enough for writers to rewrite the part for Ramamurthy. Ramamurthy starred in all four seasons of Heroes, although his appearance in the season was limited, had the series been recommissioned for a fifth season. In 2000, he appeared in NBCs television biblical miniseries In the Beginning in the role of Adam, Ramamurthy guest starred in a season four episode of Psych titled Bollywood Homicide, directed by Jay Chandrasekhar. Ramamurthy joined the cast of the USA Network show Covert Affairs as Jai Wilcox from the second episode onward, replacing character Conrad Sheehan III, the show premiered in July 2010. His character was out of the show in the premiere of season 3. In 2012, Ramamurthy appeared in the season of The Office as Kelly Kapoors new boyfriend. On December 19,2012, it was announced that he would appear in the CW show Beauty & the Beast as Gabriel Lowen and he appeared in his Heroes role in that seriess continuation entitled Heroes Reborn, in 2015 and 2016
5.
Steven Spielberg
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Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE, OMRI is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the pioneers of the New Hollywood era. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios, in a career spanning more than four decades, Spielbergs films have spanned many themes and genres. His other films include Jurassic Park, A. I, artificial Intelligence, and War of the Worlds. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindlers List and Saving Private Ryan, three of Spielbergs films—Jaws, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide and his personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family and his mother, Leah Posner, was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s, in 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis, as a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. It isnt something I enjoy admitting, he said, but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me. I was embarrassed by the perception of my parents Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times, Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying, In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. His first home movie was of a wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. Throughout his early teens, and after entering school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm adventure films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to an interviewer, My dads still-camera was broken. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western, I made it and got my merit badge
6.
Single-camera setup
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The single-camera setup, or single-camera mode of production, also known as Portable Single Camera, is a method of filmmaking and video production. In this setup, each of the shots and camera angles is taken using the same camera. Choices can then be made during the editing process for when in the scene to use each shot. This also then allows parts of the scene to be removed if it is felt that the scene is too long, in practice, sometimes two cameras shooting from the same angle are used, one to capture a medium shot, the other a close-up during the same take. Unlike film producers, who almost always opt for single-camera shooting, single-camera is mostly reserved for prime-time dramas, made-for-TV movies, music videos and commercial advertisements. Soap operas, talk shows, game shows, most reality television series, Multiple-camera shooting is the only way that an ensemble of actors presenting a single performance before a live audience can be recorded from multiple perspectives. Also for standard, dialogue-driven domestic situation comedies, the multi-camera technique, situation comedies may potentially be shot in either multiple- or single-camera modes. Several comedy series of the era also use of feature film techniques. These effects were created using editing and optical printing techniques, in the case of Get Smart, the single-camera technique also allowed the series to present fast-paced and tightly-edited fight and action sequences reminiscent of the spy dramas that it parodied. Single-camera comedies were also prevalent into the early 1970s, with its large cast, varied locations, and seriocomic tone, the TV series M*A*S*H was shot using single-camera style. Happy Days began in 1974 as a series, before switching to the multi-camera setup in its second season. Unlike single-camera sitcoms of the past, nearly all contemporary comedies shot in this manner are produced without a laugh track, list of single-camera sitcoms Multiple-camera setup Tapeless camcorder
7.
Universal Television
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Universal Television is the television production subsidiary of the NBCUniversal Television Group and, by extension, the production arm of the NBC television network. It was formerly known as Revue Studios, MCA/Universal, NBC Studios, NBC Universal Television Studio, both NBC Studios and Universal Network Television are predecessors of Universal Media Studios. Revue Productions was founded in 1943 by MCA to produce live radio shows, Revue was re-launched as MCAs television production subsidiary in 1950. The partnership of NBC and Revue extends as far back as September 6,1950, with the television broadcast of Armour Theatre, MCA bought the Universal Studios lot in 1958 and was renamed Revue Studios. Following its merger with Decca Records, the then-parent of Universal Pictures, during the early years of television, Revue was responsible for producing and/or distributing many television classics. The most noteworthy included Leave It to Beaver, which ran for one season on CBS before going to ABC from 1958 until 1963. It produced Bachelor Father, for Bachelor Productions, Edmond OBriens syndicated crime drama Johnny Midnight, another of its offerings was the 52-episode Crusader, the first Brian Keith series, which ran on CBS 1955–1956. Also McHales Navy was produced by Revue from 1962 to 1966, in December 1958 MCA/Revue purchased Universal Studioss 367 acre backlot to produce television series, then leased it back to Universal for a million dollars a year for a decade. Wagon Train was the only Revue-produced TV show ever to finish an American television season in first place, NBC Productions was founded in 1947 by RCA. In 1996, the company was renamed NBC Studios, in 2004, NBC Studios was merged with Universal Network Television to form NBC Universal Television Studio. MCA TV was founded in 1951, several years before parent MCAs purchase of the US branch of Decca Records, for more than four decades, it was one of the most active syndicators of television programming. MCA Television and Paramount Domestic Television had formed Premier Advertiser Sales, as a possible outgrowth of this sales joint venture, MCA and Paramount began plans for a new network, Premier Program Service. MCA Television Entertainment was formed in 1987 and it primarily dealt with made-for-TV movies and series like Dream On that were made for cable networks like HBO. Like MCA TV, in 1996 it was renamed Universal Television Entertainment, EMKA, Ltd. is the holding company responsible for a majority of the pre-1950 Paramount Pictures sound library. As an official part of the Universal Pictures library, they are part of the television unit. The first incarnation of Universal Television was reincorporated from Revue Productions in 1966,4 years after MCA bought Universal Pictures, uni TV also co-produced many shows with Jack Webbs Mark VII Limited such as Emergency. Adam-12 and a revival of the 1951 series Dragnet. I, which received critical acclaim and several TV movie spin-offs after their cancellations. In 1990, MCA/Uni TV began the Law & Order franchise, in 1996, MCA was reincorporated as Universal Studios
8.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
9.
1080i
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1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, used in high-definition television and high-definition video. The number 1080 refers to the number of lines on the screen. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9, so the 1080 lines of vertical resolution implies 1920 columns of horizontal resolution. A1920 pixels ×1080 lines screen has a total of 2.1 megapixels and this format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for square pixels to be used in HD video formats, within the designation 1080i, the i stands for interlaced scan. A frame of 1080i video consists of two fields of 1920 horizontal and 540 vertical pixels. The first field consists of all odd-numbered TV lines and the second all even numbered lines, 1080i differs from 1080p, where the p stands for progressive scan, where all lines in a frame are captured at the same time. In native or pure 1080i, the two fields of a frame correspond to different instants, so motion portrayal is good and this is true for interlaced video in general and can be easily observed in still images taken of fast motion scenes. However, when 1080p material is captured at 25 or 30 frames/second, it is converted to 1080i at 50 or 60 fields/second, respectively, in this situation both fields in a frame do correspond to the same instant. The field-to-instant relation is more complex for the case of 1080p at 24 frames/second converted to 1080i at 60 fields/second. Both field rates can be carried by digital television broadcast formats such as ATSC, DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the rate is generally specified after the letter i. In this case 1080i60 refers to 60 fields per second, the European Broadcasting Union prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation, 1080i is directly compatible with some CRT HDTVs on which it can be displayed natively in interlaced form, but for display on progressive-scan—e. g. Most new LCD and plasma TVs, it must be deinterlaced, depending on the televisions video processing capabilities, the resulting video quality may vary, but may not necessarily suffer. For example, film material at 25fps may be deinterlaced from 1080i50 to restore a full 1080p resolution at the frame rate without any loss. Preferably video material with 50 or 60 motion phases/second is to be converted to 50p or 60p before display, worldwide, most HD channels on satellite and cable broadcast in 1080i. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the resolution to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors
10.
Crisis negotiation
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Crisis negotiation is often initiated by the first officer on the scene. Modern hostage negotiation principles were established in 1972 when then-NYPD Detective Harvey Schlossberg, also a psychologist, the first Hostage Negotiation Teams were often created as elements of Special Weapons and Tactics Teams and merely created a diversion while SWAT deployed. In modern usage, while acting independently, hostage negotiation teams are often deployed in conjunction with SWAT. The FBI Crisis Negotiation Unit and Singapore Police Force Crisis Negotiation Unit are examples of specialized units trained in these techniques, one specific model developed by the FBI is the Behavioral Change Stairway Model. Police negotiators that follow this model work through the stages in order Active Listening, Understand the psychology of the perpetrator. Empathy, Understand their issues and how they feel, rapport, When they begin to see how the negotiator feels, they are building trust. Influence, Only once trust has been gained can solutions to their problem be recommended, Behavioral Change, They act, and maybe surrender. It is considered to be important to work through these steps in order, and not to try to effect behavioral change before rapport has been established
11.
Virtual reality
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VR also simulates a users physical presence in this environment. A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the world, and with high quality VR move about in it. Virtual reality is displayed with a virtual reality headset, VR headsets are head-mounted goggles with a screen in front of the eyes. Programs may include audio and sounds through speakers or headphones, advanced haptic systems may include tactile information, generally known as force feedback in medical, video gaming and military training applications. Some VR systems used in games can transmit vibrations and other sensations to the user through the game controller. Virtual reality also refers to remote communication environments which provide a presence of users with through telepresence and telexistence or the use of a virtual artifact. The immersive environment can be similar to the world in order to create a life-like experience grounded in reality or sci-fi. In 1938, Antonin Artaud described the nature of characters and objects in the theatre as la réalité virtuelle in a collection of essays. The English translation of book, published in 1958 as The Theater. The term artificial reality, coined by Myron Krueger, has been in use since the 1970s, the term virtual reality was used in The Judas Mandala, a 1982 science fiction novel by Damien Broderick. Virtual has had the meaning being something in essence or effect, the term virtual has been used in the computer sense of not physically existing but made to appear by software since 1959. A dictionary definition for cyberspace states that word is a synonym for virtual reality. Virtual reality shares some elements with augmented reality, AR is a type of virtual reality technology that blends what the user sees in their real surroundings with digital content generated by computer software. The additional software-generated images with the virtual scene typically enhance way the real look in some way. Some AR systems use a camera to capture the surroundings or some type of display screen which the user looks at. The Virtual Reality Modelling Language, first introduced in 1994, was intended for the development of worlds without dependency on headsets. The Web3D consortium was founded in 1997 for the development of industry standards for web-based 3D graphics. The consortium subsequently developed X3D from the VRML framework as an archival and these components led to relative affordability for independent VR developers, and lead to the 2012 Oculus Rift kickstarter offering the first independently developed VR headset
12.
United States Department of Defense
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The Department is the largest employer in the world, with nearly 1.3 million active duty servicemen and women as of 2016. Adding to its employees are over 801,000 National Guardsmen and Reservists from the four services and it is headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside of Washington, D. C. The Department of Defense is headed by the Secretary of Defense, Military operations are managed by nine regional or functional Unified Combatant Commands. The Department of Defense also operates several joint services schools, including the National Defense University, the history of the defense of the United States started with the Continental Congress in 1775. The creation of the United States Army was enacted on 14 June 1775 and this coincides with the American holiday Flag Day. The Second Continental Congress would charter the United States Navy, on 13 October 1775, today, both the Navy and the Marine Corps are separate military services subordinate to the Department of the Navy. The Preamble of the United States Constitution gave the authority to federal government, to defend its citizens and this first Congress had a huge agenda, that of creating legislation to build a government for the ages. Legislation to create a military defense force stagnated, two separate times, President George Washington went to Congress to remind them of their duty to establish a military. In a special message to Congress on 19 December 1945, the President cited both wasteful military spending and inter-departmental conflicts, deliberations in Congress went on for months focusing heavily on the role of the military in society and the threat of granting too much military power to the executive. The act placed the National Military Establishment under the control of a single Secretary of Defense, the National Military Establishment formally began operations on 18 September, the day after the Senate confirmed James V. Forrestal as the first Secretary of Defense. The National Military Establishment was renamed the Department of Defense on 10 August 1949, under the Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1958, channels of authority within the department were streamlined, while still maintaining the authority of the Military Departments. Also provided in this legislation was a centralized authority, the Advanced Research Projects Agency. The Act moved decision-making authority from the Military Departments to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and it also strengthened the command channel of the military over U. S. forces from the President to the Secretary of Defense. Written and promoted by the Eisenhower administration, it was signed into law 6 August 1958, because the Constitution vests all military authority in Congress and the President, the statutory authority of the Secretary of Defense is derived from their constitutional authorities. Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 describes the relationships within the Department. The latest version, signed by former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates in December 2010, is the first major re-write since 1987, the Office of the Secretary of Defense is the Secretary and Deputy Secretarys civilian staff. S. Government departments and agencies, foreign governments, and international organizations, OSD also performs oversight and management of the Defense Agencies and Department of Defense Field Activities. OSD also supervises the following Defense Agencies, Several defense agencies are members of the United States Intelligence Community and these are national-level intelligence services that operate under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense but simultaneously fall under the authorities of the Director of National Intelligence
13.
Jaume Collet-Serra
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Jaume Collet-Serra is a Spanish film director and producer. He is known for directing the horror remake House of Wax, the psychological thriller Orphan, the action-thrillers Unknown, Non-Stop, and Run All Night, Collet-Serra was born in Sant Iscle de Vallalta, Spain. Soon after graduating, he began his career as an editor before moving on to music videos and television commercials for companies such as Sony, Budweiser. In 2005, Collet-Serra was given an opportunity to direct his first feature film by producer Joel Silver, the film, House of Wax, was a remake of the 1953 original of the same name. Despite reviewers giving the film a critical reception, it was a financial success. Two years later, Collet-Serra directed Goal II, Living the Dream, the film finds star European soccer player Santiago Muñez bumped by his agent from Englands Newcastle United team to Real Madrids Galácticos. He reunited with producer Silver for the film of his career, Orphan, a 2009 American psychological thriller starring Vera Farmiga, Peter Sarsgaard. The film centres on a couple who, after the death of their unborn child, Orphan was produced by Joel Silver and Susan Downey of Dark Castle Entertainment and Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Davisson Killoran of Appian Way Productions. The film received mixed reviews but was a box office success. Collet-Serra then directed Unknown, a 2011 British psychological thriller starring Liam Neeson, Diane Kruger, January Jones, Aidan Quinn, Bruno Ganz, the film is based on the 2003 French novel published in English as Out of My Head, by Didier Van Cauwelaert. Collet-Serra made his directing debut with the ABC pilot The River. The show was met with favourable reviews. In December 2012, he began filming for his next film Non-Stop, Collet-Serra formed his own production house Ombra Films. With money from StudioCanal, the company set out to make low-budget English-language horror films. Juan Sola, Collet-Serras producing partner, told Deadline. com, Weve seen how many talented directors are coming out of Spain, but there hasnt really been a platform for them to find work in films. They look up to Jaume as a guy they want to become and we thought, already, we are being bombarded, and we feel directors will find Ombra a fantastic platform. The ventures first film was Mindscape, a thriller about a man with the ability to enter peoples memories, starring Taissa Farmiga, Mark Strong. Collet-Serra executive produced the found footage comedy-horror film Hooked Up, which was directed by Pablo Larcuen and was shot on an iPhone, in 2016, Collet-Serra directed The Shallows, a horror-thriller starring Blake Lively, from a script by Anthony Jaswinski
14.
Video game
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A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word video in video game referred to a raster display device. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial, the electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms, examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles. These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices, the input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms. Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a persons hands and body. Players typically view the game on a screen or television or computer monitor, or sometimes on virtual reality head-mounted display goggles. There are often game sound effects, music and, in the 2010s, some games in the 2000s include haptic, vibration-creating effects, force feedback peripherals and virtual reality headsets. In the 2010s, the game industry is of increasing commercial importance, with growth driven particularly by the emerging Asian markets and mobile games. As of 2015, video games generated sales of USD74 billion annually worldwide, early games used interactive electronic devices with various display formats. The earliest example is from 1947—a Cathode ray tube Amusement Device was filed for a patent on 25 January 1947, by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann, and issued on 14 December 1948, as U. S. Written by MIT students Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne Wiitanens on a DEC PDP-1 computer in 1961, and the hit ping pong-style Pong, used the DEC PDP-1s vector display to have two spaceships battle each other. In 1971, Computer Space, created by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, was the first commercially sold and it used a black-and-white television for its display, and the computer system was made of 74 series TTL chips. The game was featured in the 1973 science fiction film Soylent Green, Computer Space was followed in 1972 by the Magnavox Odyssey, the first home console. Modeled after a late 1960s prototype console developed by Ralph H. Baer called the Brown Box and these were followed by two versions of Ataris Pong, an arcade version in 1972 and a home version in 1975 that dramatically increased video game popularity. The commercial success of Pong led numerous other companies to develop Pong clones and their own systems, the game inspired arcade machines to become prevalent in mainstream locations such as shopping malls, traditional storefronts, restaurants, and convenience stores. The game also became the subject of articles and stories on television and in newspapers and magazines. Space Invaders was soon licensed for the Atari VCS, becoming the first killer app, the term platform refers to the specific combination of electronic components or computer hardware which, in conjunction with software, allows a video game to operate. The term system is commonly used
15.
Ballet
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Ballet /ˈbæleɪ/ is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own based on French terminology. It has been influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres. Becoming a ballet dancer requires years of training, Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art. Ballet may also refer to a dance work, which consists of the choreography. A well-known example of this is The Nutcracker, a ballet that was originally choreographed by Marius Petipa. Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained artists, the word came into English usage from the French around 1630. Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries before being spread from Italy to France by an Italian aristocrat, Catherine de Medici, in France, ballet developed even further under her aristocratic influence. The dancers in these early court ballets were mostly noble amateurs, Ballets in this period were lengthy and elaborate and often served a political purpose. Ornamented costumes were meant to impress viewers and restricted freedom of movement. The ballets were performed in large chambers with viewers on three sides, French court ballet reached its height under the reign of King Louis XIV. Known as the Sun King, Louis symbolized the brilliance of France, in 1661 Louis founded the Académie Royale de Danse to establish standards and certify dance instructors. In 1672, Louis XIV made Jean-Baptiste Lully the director of the Académie Royale de Musique from which the first professional ballet company, Lully is considered the most important composer of music for ballets de cour and instrumental to the development of the form. Ballet went into decline in France after 1830, though it continued to develop in Denmark, Italy, the arrival in Europe on the eve of First World War of the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev, revived interest in the ballet and started the modern era. The Russian choreographer Michel Fokine challenged tradition and called for reforms that reinvigorated ballet as an art form, in the 20th century, ballet had a wide influence on other dance genres, and subgenres of ballet have also evolved. In the United States, choreographer George Balanchine developed what is now known as neoclassical ballet, other developments include contemporary ballet and post-structural ballet. Also in the century, ballet took a turn dividing it from classical ballet to the introduction of modern dance. Stylistic variations have emerged and evolved since the Italian Renaissance, early, classical variations are primarily associated with geographic origin
16.
Syrian Civil War
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The Syrian Civil War is an armed conflict taking place in Syria. Syrian opposition groups formed the Free Syrian Army and seized control of the area surrounding Aleppo, over time, some factions of the Syrian opposition split from their original moderate position to pursue an Islamist vision for Syria, joining groups such as al-Nusra Front and ISIL. In 2015, the Yekîneyên Parastina Gel joined forces with Arab, Assyrian, Armenian, Russia and Hezbollah militarily engaged in support of the Syrian government, while beginning in 2014, a coalition of NATO countries began launching airstrikes against ISIL. International organizations have accused the Syrian government, ISIL, and some groups of severe human rights violations. The conflict has caused a major refugee crisis, over the course of the war a number of peace initiatives have been launched, including the March 2017 Geneva peace talks on Syria led by the United Nations, but fighting continues. Syria became an independent republic in 1946, although democratic rule ended with a coup in March 1949, a popular uprising against military rule in 1954 saw the army transfer power to civilians. From 1958 to 1961, a union with Egypt replaced Syrias parliamentary system with a highly centralized presidential government. The secular Baath Syrian Regional Branch government came to power through a successful coup détat in 1963, for the next several years Syria went through additional coups and changes in leadership. In March 1971, Hafez al-Assad, an Alawite, declared himself President, on 31 January 1973, Hafez al-Assad implemented a new constitution, which led to a national crisis. They labeled Assad the enemy of Allah and called for a jihad against his rule, the government survived a series of armed revolts by Sunni Islamists, mainly members of the Muslim Brotherhood, from 1976 until 1982. Upon Hafez al-Assads death in 2000, his son Bashar al-Assad was elected as President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad and his wife Asma, a Sunni Muslim born and educated in Britain, initially inspired hopes for democratic reforms. The Damascus Spring, a period of social and political debate, the Damascus Spring largely ended in August 2001 with the arrest and imprisonment of ten leading activists who had called for democratic elections and a campaign of civil disobedience. In the opinion of his critics, Bashar al-Assad had failed to deliver on promised reforms, Syrian Arabs, together with some 600,000 Palestinian Arabs, make up roughly 74 percent of the population. Syria Muslims are 74 percent Sunnis, and 13 percent Shias,3 percent were Druze, not all of the Sunnis are Arabs. Bashar is married to a Sunni, with whom he has several children and he is affiliated with the sect that his parents belong to, the minority Alawite sect which comprises an estimated 8-12 percent of the total population. Assyrians, an indigenous Eastern Aramaic-speaking Christian Semitic people, numbering approximately 500,000, are mainly in northeast Syria. A larger population lives over the border in northern Iraq, other ethnic groups include Armenians, Circassians, Turkmens, Greeks, Mhallami, Kawliya, Yezidi, Shabaks, and Mandeans. Socioeconomic inequality increased significantly after free market policies were initiated by Hafez al-Assad in his later years, the country also faced particularly high youth unemployment rates
17.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
18.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017
19.
IndieWire
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Established in 1996, IndieWire is a film industry and review website. As of January 19,2016, Indiewire is a subsidiary of Penske Media and it has a staff of about 20, including publisher James Israel, and Editor-in-Chief Dana Harris. The indieWIRE newsletter launched on July 15,1996, billing itself as the news service for independent film. Initially distributed to a few hundred subscribers, the readership grew rapidly, in January 1997, indieWIRE made its first appearance at the Sundance Film Festival to begin their coverage of film festivals. It offered indieWIRE, On The Scene print dailies in addition to online coverage, while the style and look of the print dailies improved over the years, the nickname stuck. The website indieWire. com launched on January 12,1998, while met with cautious optimism by Wired magazine, the experiment failed and indieWIRE returned to a free service less than a year later. The site was acquired by Snagfilms in July 2008, on January 8,2009, indieWIRE editor Eugene Hernandez announced that the site was going through a re-launch that has been entirely re-imagined. In 2011, with the launch of a redesign, the changed the formal spelling of its name from indieWIRE to Indiewire. In 2012, Indiewire won the Webby Award in the Movie, indieWIRE is said to cover lesser-known film events ignored from the mainstream perspective. In 2002, Forbes magazine recognized IndieWire, along with 7 other entrants in the Cinema Appreciation category, describing its best feature as boards teeming with filmmakers and its worst as glacial search engine. IndieWIRE has been praised by Roger Ebert, Kevin Smith, James Schamus, official website Snagfilms, the parent company
20.
Black Mirror
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Episodes are standalone works, usually set in an alternative present or the near future. The show was first broadcast on the British Channel 4, in 2011, in September 2015, Netflix commissioned a third season of 12 episodes. The commissioned episodes were divided into two seasons of six episodes, the third season was released on Netflix worldwide on 21 October 2016. Regarding the programmes content and structure, Brooker noted, each episode has a different cast, but theyre all about the way we live now – and the way we might be living in 10 minutes time if were clumsy. The series has received acclaim and has seen an increase in interest internationally after being added to Netflix. The first two series of the programme were produced by Zeppotron, for Endemol, Channel 4 describes the first episode as a twisted parable for the Twitter age. Black Mirror series 1 had a limited DVD release for PAL / Region 2 on 27 February 2012 and this was followed by a DVD release of series 2, also PAL for region 2 only. According to Brooker, the team considered giving the series a linking theme or presenter. Do we set them all in the same street, do we have some characters who appear in each episode, a bit Three Colours, Blue/White/Red style. We did think about having a character who introduces them, Tales from the Crypt style, or like Rod Serling or Alfred Hitchcock or Roald Dahl, but the more we thought about it, we thought it was a bit weird. Charlie Brooker explained the title to The Guardian, If technology is a drug – and it does feel like a drug – then what. This area – between delight and discomfort – is where Black Mirror, my new drama series, is set. The black mirror of the title is the one youll find on every wall, on desk, in the palm of every hand, the cold, shiny screen of a TV, a monitor. In 2013, Robert Downey Jr. optioned the episode The Entire History of You to potentially be made into a film by Warner Bros. and his own production company, Team Downey. In September 2015, Netflix commissioned a third season of 12 episodes, the directors for the third season include Joe Wright, Jakob Verbruggen, James Hawes, and Dan Trachtenberg. The third season was released on Netflix worldwide on 21 October 2016, Channel 4 will not air the third season after Netflix outbid them for the rights, spending $40 million. A trailer for the season was released in October 2016. In October 2016, it was announced that Jodie Foster will direct an episode of the season starring Rosemarie DeWitt
21.
The Verge
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The Verge is an American technology news and media network operated by Vox Media. It has offices in Manhattan, New York City, the network publishes news items, long-form feature stories, product reviews, podcasts, and an entertainment show. The website uses its own proprietary publishing platform with video content, the networks content is financed through advertising and sponsorship and is managed by its editor-in-chief Nilay Patel and executive editor Dieter Bohn. The site launched on November 1,2011, the Verge won five Webby Awards for the year 2012 including awards for Best Writing, Best Podcast for The Vergecast, Best Visual Design, Best Consumer Electronics Site, and Best Mobile News App. Throughout the 2010s, AOL began to acquire websites in pursuit of a new content strategy for the company. One of their first acquisitions was Weblogs, Inc. in 2005, a company that ran dozens of websites, including Engadget, according to Business Insider, Engadget became the industry-leading gadget site, and AOLs most popular and important media property. All Things Digital called it one of the largest in tech, joshua Topolsky became Engadgets editor-in-chief in 2007, and was responsible for new efforts like The Engadget Show and their mobile app, and the sites continued growth. When the acrimony between the two editors escalated in January 2011, AOL didnt intervene, the next month, an internal AOL editor training document called The AOL Way, a new content strategy that prioritized profitability metrics, leaked to the press. The document leaked before Engadget writers and editors saw it internally, the AOL Way dispirited the Engadget staff and created an ideological schism between the two entities. Topolsky and up to eight of Engadgets most prominent writers, editors, the other departing editors included managing editor Nilay Patel and staffers Paul Miller, Ross Miller, Joanna Stern, Chris Ziegler, as well as product developers Justin Glow, and Dan Chilton. In early April 2011, Topolsky announced that their new site would be done in partnership with sports news website SB Nation. Jim Bankoff of SB Nation saw an overlap in the two sites demographics and an opportunity to expand SB Nations model, Bankoff previously worked at AOL in 2005, where he led their Engadget acquisition. Other news outlets viewed the partnership as positive for both SB Nation and Topolskys staff, and negative for AOLs outlook, Bankoff also expressed a wish to attract other journalists and bloggers outside of the sports medium to Vox Media. Development of the Vox Medias content management system, Chorus, is led by Trei Brundrett, by August 2011, the site had reached 1 million unique visitors and 3.4 million page views. By October 2011, the site had 3 million unique views per month and 10 million total page views, time listed the site in its Best Blogs of 2011, calling the prototype site exemplary. The site closed upon The Verges launch on November 1,2011, on June 11,2014, The Verge launched a new section on TheVerge. com called This Is My Next, edited by David Pierce, as a buyers guide for consumer electronics. The Verge launched November 1,2011, along with an announcement of a new parent company, according to the company, the site launched with 4 million unique visitors and 20 million pageviews. At the time of Topolskys departure, Engadget had 14 million unique visitors, Vox Media overall doubled its unique visitors to about 15 million during the last half of 2012
22.
The Futon Critic
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The Futon Critic is a website that publishes articles regarding prime time programming on broadcast and cable networks in the United States. Brian Ford Sullivan, CEO of Futon Media, registered The Futon Critic on January 14,1997, from its founding, the site has published reviews on prime time programming, as well as interviews its staff conducted with members of the television industry. Its publications of Nielsen ratings data have also used as a resource by institutions such as the University of Colorado Boulder. In 2009, Sullivan appeared on WGNs The Nick Digilio Show to discuss television, in 2010, Sullivan announced a new section of their site dedicated to tracking the availability of programming on digital distribution platforms, to be launched in August of the same year. Official website Zone on The Futon Critic
23.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
24.
American Ninja Warrior
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American Ninja Warrior is an American sports entertainment competition spin-off of the Japanese television series Sasuke. The series began on the cable channel G4 and now airs on NBC with encore episodes airing on Esquire Network. To date only two competitors, rock-climbers Isaac Caldiero and Geoff Britten, have won the course and achieved Total Victory, Caldiero is the only competitor to win the cash prize. The series has been renewed for a ninth season, American Ninja Warrior succeeded G4s American Ninja Challenge as the qualifying route for Americans to enter Sasuke. American Ninja Warrior was originally hosted by G4s American television personality Blair Herter, in the second season, American actor, comedian, and television host Matt Iseman joined the show, replacing the former host, Blair Herter. Additionally, Jimmy Smith was brought in as a co-host, while Alison Haislip was demoted to sideline reporter, the panel remained the same throughout season three. For season four, skier Jonny Moseley was brought in as a new co-host, also, American journalist, sportscaster, and documentary filmmaker Angela Sun replaced former sideline reporter, Alison Haislip. For season five, two newcomers were added, former NFL football player and sports analyst Akbar Gbaja-Biamila replaced season four co-host, Jonny Moseley, while ESPN sportscaster and model Jenn Brown replaced Angela Sun as sideline reporter. The season five panel remained the same through the sixth season, for season seven, CBS Sports reporter Kristine Leahy joined the show as the new sideline reporter, replacing Jenn Brown. The current panel consists of Matt Iseman, Akbar Gbaja-Biamila, potential contestants go through a rigorous series of steps before the possibility of becoming the next American Ninja Warrior. Over 3,500 athletes have attempted to conquer Mount Midoriyama, there are some requirements possible contestants have to meet before participating at a regional qualifier. Contestants must be residents of the United States of America. There is no age limit, but participants must be at least 21 years old. Contestants have to fill out a 20-page questionnaire and make a video about themselves, the required length of the video has differed over the years. Submission video length requirements have varied from 2–8 minutes, depending on the season, producers select 100 applicants from each region to participate in their regional qualifiers. 20-30 walk-ons who in some cases wait for weeks camping outside are also selected by producers to get a chance on the course. 1,000 people applied to compete in one,5,000 people in season six,50,000 in season seven. City finals courses are the follow-up to each city qualifying course, qualifying and finals courses are filmed back-to-back, usually over two days
25.
The Blacklist (TV series)
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The Blacklist is an American crime thriller television series that premiered on NBC on September 23,2013. Raymond Red Reddington, a former U. S. Navy officer turned high-profile criminal, however, he insists on working exclusively with a rookie FBI profiler by the name of Elizabeth Keen. The series also stars Diego Klattenhoff, Ryan Eggold, and Harry Lennix, the pilot episode was written by Jon Bokenkamp and directed by Joe Carnahan. Executive producers for the series include Bokenkamp, John Eisendrath, and John Davis for Sony Pictures Television, Universal Television, on October 4,2013, NBC ordered nine more episodes, filling out the series first season. On December 3,2013, NBC renewed the series for a 22-episode second season, on May 11,2014, owing to the series breakout success, NBC decided to air an episode in the coveted post-Super Bowl timeslot in 2015. On December 5,2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season, a spin-off series, The Blacklist, Redemption premiered on February 23,2017. The series has received positive reviews, with critics praising Spaders performance in particular. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D. C and he offers Cooper his knowledge and assistance on two conditions, immunity from prosecution, and that he wants to work exclusively with Elizabeth Keen, a rookie profiler newly assigned to Cooper. Keen and Cooper are suspicious of Reddingtons interest in her, the mysteries of Reddingtons and Lizs lives, and his interest in her, are gradually revealed as the series progresses. Each episode features one of the criminals, Reddington assisting the team tracking and apprehending them. The rank of the criminal on the list is displayed at the start of every episode. The only exception to rule is the sixty-third episode of the series. During an NBC upfront presentation in May 2013, it was announced that The Blacklist was NBCs highest-testing drama in 10 years, Eisendrath said the casting process was difficult. In February 2013, NBC offered Kiefer Sutherland the lead role of Raymond Reddington, after considering other actors for the role, Eisendrath and Bokenkamp called James Spader to see if he would be interested in it. Feeling confident in Spaders understanding of the character, they cast him three days before filming began, megan Boone took a week to prepare for her audition as FBI profiler Elizabeth Keen. Feeling like her initial audition was one of the auditions of her career. In March 2013, Deadline. com reported that Boone accepted the role as the lead in the series. Despite being set in Washington, D. C. the series is filmed in the same Manhattan studio where Law & Order was filmed for 20 years
26.
Blindspot (TV series)
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Blindspot is an American crime drama television series created by Martin Gero, starring Sullivan Stapleton and Jaimie Alexander. The series premiered on September 21,2015, a back nine order was given on October 9,2015, bringing the first season to a total of 22 episodes, plus an additional episode bringing the order to 23 episodes. On November 9,2015, NBC renewed Blindspot for a second season, the second season premiered on September 14,2016. Blindspot focuses on a mysterious tattooed woman who has lost her memory, the FBI discovers that her tattoos contain clues to crimes they will have to solve. Sullivan Stapleton as Kurt Weller, an FBI agent now assistant director at New York field office, in season 1 as head of the FBI Critical Incident Response Group, who is called into the investigation into Jane when his name is found mysteriously tattooed on Janes body. He comes to recognize Jane as his childhood friend Taylor Shaw and becomes very protective, due to having never recovered from the pain. Despite lacking conscious memories, Jane occasionally has flashbacks to her past life and retains a variety of combat. It is suspected she is a former Navy SEAL, whose identity is classified due to involvement in special operations and it is later revealed that Jane was born Alice Kruger in South Africa, then orphaned and trained as a child soldier by the apartheid regime. Shepherd eventually adopted her and raised her as a daughter, audrey Esparza as Special Agent Natasha Tasha Zapata, an FBI agent and member of Kurts team, previously an NYPD officer at the 96th District for five years. Secretly, she has an addiction, caused by guilt from the death of her partner while with the NYPD, and is in severe debt. Ashley Johnson as Special Agent Patterson, head of the FBI Forensic Science Unit, ukweli Roach as Dr. Robert Borden, real name Nigel Thornton, an FBI psychiatrist who helps Jane in retrieving and understanding her past memories. He is later revealed to be a mole for Sandstorm within the FBI, after being cornered by the FBI, he kills himself to avoid capture. Marianne Jean-Baptiste as Bethany Mayfair, Assistant Director In Charge of the FBIs New York Field Office, Mayfair is directly in charge of Kurt and his team, for whom Mayfair acts as an ally and mentor. After Mayfair is framed for murder due to evidence Jane was manipulated into planting, archie Panjabi as Nas Kamal, head of Zero Division, a secret department of the NSA. Luke Mitchell as Ian Roman Kruger, Remi/Janes brother and a member of Sandstorm, Jane wiped his memory after he turned against Shepherd, and he is now in FBI custody. Michelle Hurd as Ellen Shepherd Briggs, Remis and Romans adoptive mother and leader of the terrorist group Sandstorm and she was a major general with the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and has been manipulating Wellers life since he was a teenager. Johnny Whitworth as Markos, a man connected to Janes past. He was killed by an unknown sniper - later revealed to be Oscar - in Janes safe house
27.
Chicago Fire (TV series)
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Chicago Fire is an American action-drama television series created by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas with Dick Wolf as executive producer. It is the first installment of Dick Wolf’s Chicago franchise, the series premiered on NBC on October 10,2012. No job is more stressful, dangerous or exhilarating than those of the Firefighters, Rescue Squad and these are the courageous men and women who forge headfirst into danger when everyone else is running the other way and whose actions make the difference between life and death. Jesse Spencer as Lieutenant Matthew Casey, Truck 81, Casey is the lieutenant in charge of Truck 81. A skilled handyman and carpenter, he freelances as a contractor when off-duty. Despite his reticence and aloof demeanor, he is protective of the firefighters under him and commands their loyalty. Taylor Kinney as Lieutenant Kelly Severide, Rescue Squad 3, Severide is the other lieutenant at Firehouse 51 and is in charge of Squad 3. In contrast to Casey, he is charismatic and portrayed to be something of a ladies man and he and Casey have been friends since their days at the CFD Academy but their friendship is strained after a mutual colleague dies on the job. His father is Captain Benny Severide, a friend of Chief Boden and Henry Mills. Monica Raymund as Paramedic in Charge/Firefighter Candidate Gabriela Gabby Dawson, Ambulance 61/Truck 81, Dawson is one of the few women in 51 and is usually treated as a sister by the men. She was the Paramedic in Charge of Ambulance 61 but switched to Truck 81 after passing the CFD Academy and her transfer proves to be a turning point in her relationship with Casey, who is now technically her boss, but they still care deeply for one another. Her older brother Antonio was a Chicago PD detective and is a Chief Investigator, lauren German as Paramedic Leslie Elizabeth Shay, Ambulance 61, An experienced paramedic, Shay was the designated ambulance driver and well-liked by the mostly male crew of 51. She and Kelly Severide share an apartment as roommates and are best friends, popular with her co-workers, she was openly gay, often cracking self-deprecating jokes about it. She was killed in the season 3 premiere, continuing from the season 2 finale cliffhanger, mollys has also featured on Chicago P. D. and Chicago Med as a favorite hideout of cops and medical personnel. Teri Reeves as Doctor Hallie Thomas and they broke up due to differing views and her hectic schedule and his irregular hours prevented them from spending much time together, although they remained friends. She was murdered in a fire as part of a cover-up after she discovers one of her colleagues at her clinic was selling medication to drug dealers. Eamonn Walker as Chief Wallace Boden, Battalion 25 and he oversees the firefighters and paramedics of Truck 81, Squad 3 and Ambulance 61 at Firehouse 51. A long-time veteran of the CFD he is protective of the men and women who serve under him
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Chicago Med
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Chicago Med is an American medical drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Matt Olmstead, and is the third installment of Dick Wolf’s Chicago franchise. The series premiered on NBC on November 17,2015, set in Chicago, Chicago Med is the third series in Dick Wolfs Chicago franchise. It focuses on the department at Gaffney Chicago Medical Center and on its doctors. It sometimes crosses over characters from Chicago Fire and Chicago P. D. Nick Gehlfuss as Dr. Will Halstead, a plastic surgeon and the EDs first-year attending physician from Chicago. Yaya DaCosta as April Sexton, an ED nurse and she is a first generation Brazilian-American and has a younger brother, Noah, who is a med student at the hospital. Shes also a friend of Kelly Severide. After she graduated medical school, she changed her mind about being a pathologist and is now a resident in psychiatry. Colin Donnell as Dr. Connor Rhodes, a trauma surgery fellow from Chicago, Brian Tee as LCDR Dr. S. Epatha Merkerson as Sharon Goodwin, Chief of Services of Gaffney Chicago Medical Center. She worked as an OR nurse, oliver Platt as Dr. Daniel Charles, the chief of the psychiatry department, who is usually tasked with helping the other doctors deal with the psychological nuances of medicine or difficult patients. Hes a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, marlyne Barrett as Maggie Lockwood, the EDs charge nurse who isnt afraid to speak her mind when it comes to schooling the residents. Julie Berman as Dr. Samantha Sam Zanetti, a trauma surgeon Deron J. Powell as Tate Jenkins. Peter Mark Kendall as Joey Thomas, a lab tech and Sarahs boyfriend Roland Buck III as Noah Sexton, clarke originally was a firefighter before returning to med school. He and Natalie have a relationship that ends once Natalie realizes her late husband did not approve of Clarkes feelings for Natalie. Ato Essandoh as Dr. Isidore Latham, the attending surgeon whom Connor works for following Dr. Downeys death, Dr. Latham has an autism spectrum disorder that sometimes makes him difficult for the other staff to work alongside. Mekia Cox as Dr. Robyn Charles, an epidemiologist and Daniels daughter with whom he has a strained relationship and she later begins dating Dr. Rhodes, which causes tension between the two male doctors. Eddie Jemison as Dr. Stanley Stohl, the chief of medicine derisively referred to as The Troll by the due to his condescending and publicity-courting ways. It features Kelly Severide, Gabriela Dawson, Sylvie Brett, Jessica Chilton, Christopher Herrmann, Joe Cruz and Mouch from Fire as well as Jay Halstead, on August 21,2015, Andrew Dettman stepped down as showrunner due to creative differences following his appointment in June
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Chicago P.D. (TV series)
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Chicago P. D. is an American police procedural drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Matt Olmstead as the second installment of Dick Wolf’s Chicago franchise. The series premiered on NBC as a replacement on January 8,2014. The show follows the uniformed officers and the Intelligence Unit of the 21st District of the Chicago Police Department as they pursue the perpetrators of the citys major street offenses. District 21 of the Chicago Police Department is made up of two different groups. There are the cops who patrol the beat and go head to head with the citys street crimes. And theres the Intelligence Unit, the team that combats the citys major offenses – organized crime, drug trafficking, high profile murders, Jason Beghe as Sergeant Henry Hank Voight, the enigmatic head of the Chicago P. D. s Intelligence Unit. Antonio Dawson for trying to have Casey silenced by force, but was released from prison. As a result, many of Caseys colleagues disliked him and Caseys superior Chief Boden has a working relationship with him. It is eventually revealed in the Chicago Fire episode Let Her Go that his dirty cop alter ego was part of an operation to catch criminals. Prior to taking command of Intelligence, Voight worked in the Gang Unit and his father Richard was a former CPD officer who was killed in the line of duty. Voight is a widower, his wife, Camille, died of some years prior. His son, Justin, served in the Army and was killed in the last episode of Season 3 while trying to help a friend, Hank took on Erin Lindsay when she was 15 and now sees her as his daughter. Jon Seda as Detective Antonio Dawson, an Intelligence Unit detective who previously arrested Voight for harassment and he and his ex-wife Laura have two children, Diego and Eva. His younger sister is paramedic Gabriela Dawson, in Season 4 he is offered a job at the States Attorneys Office as Lead Investigator, which he accepts. Sophia Bush as Detective Erin Lindsay, a tough Intelligence Unit detective, because of this, she is closer with Voight than the other members of the unit. She has a half-brother, Teddy Courtney, who was taken by a ring at age thirteen and was found turning tricks in New York City 10 years later. She is in a relationship with her partner Jay Halstead, Jesse Lee Soffer as Detective Jay Halstead, a brash Intelligence Unit detective who is Detective Lindsays partner. A former Army Ranger, he is confident in his abilities and sometimes comes across as cocky and his brother is Dr. Will Halstead, who is a main character in Chicago Med
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Dateline NBC
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Dateline NBC, or simply Dateline, is a weekly American television newsmagazine/reality legal show that is broadcast on NBC. It was previously the networks flagship news magazine, but now mainly on true crime stories with only occasional editions that focus on other topics. Two-hour feature-length editions sometimes air on any given scheduled evening, often to fill holes in the schedule on the programs respective nights due to program cancellations. Dateline is historically notable for its longevity on the network, the program debuted on March 31,1992, initially airing only on Tuesdays, with Stone Phillips and Jane Pauley serving as its co-anchors. Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric joined the program when the previously separate newsmagazine Now with Tom Brokaw, gradually, the program expanded with the addition of a third night in 1994 and a fourth night in 1997, peaking at five nights of airings each week in mid-1999 and 2000. Editions first began to be removed in the spring of 2001, Dateline was the first multi-night franchise that established brand power by stripping editions, a strategy by NBCs entertainment division to place the program in the same time slot every week. It was considered to be a singular program rather than multiple weekly programs, in its prime, from 1995 to 1999, Dateline provided significant breaking news coverage. The program featured sensationalized news stories and drew in viewers with stories aired in multiple installments, by 1999, any one individual Dateline edition placed in Nielsens top 10 most-watched television programs among total viewers during most weeks. NBC capitalized on its relationship with CNBC and MSNBC by airing repackaged stories seen on past Dateline broadcasts on the retrospective series Headliners and Legends and Time, the program first originated from NBC Studio 3K, using the same set that was used at the time for NBC Nightly News. When Today moved to its current facility, NBC Studio 1A, in 1994, Dateline took over Studio 3B and received its own brand-new dedicated set. Past contributing anchors were Bryant Gumbel, who left NBC in 1997, Maria Shriver, who left NBC in 2004, and Katie Couric, on June 24,2005, Ann Curry co-anchored Dateline for the first time and became permanent host shortly thereafter. Dateline began broadcasting in high definition for the first time on July 21,2008, Dateline previously shared the multi-level Studio 1A with Today. However, in 2013, the program moved back to Studio 3K, lester Holt replaced Ann Curry as host of Dateline with the start of the 20th season on September 23,2011, shortly after Curry became permanent co-host of Today. The program did not disclose the fact that the accident was staged, acting on a tip from someone involved with the Dateline crash test, investigators with FaAA searched through 22 junkyards in Indiana before finding the charred wreckage of the GM pickups. It was also revealed that the Dateline report had been dishonest about the fuel tanks rupturing. GM subsequently filed a lawsuit against NBC after conducting an extensive investigation. The General Motors lawsuit and the subsequent settlement were arguably the most devastating blows for NBC in a series of reputation damaging incidents during the 1990s, within NBC, Michael Gartner, who resigned under pressure shortly after the incident, was the source for much of the blame. Michele Gillen, the correspondent involved in the segment, was transferred to NBCs Miami owned-and-operated station WTVJ, in August 2007, Dateline reporter Michelle Madigan attempted to secretly record hackers admitting to crimes at that years DEF CON in Las Vegas, Nevada
