1.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
Kansas City, Missouri
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From top left: the
Liberty Memorial, the
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Kansas City skyline, the
Country Club Plaza,
Arrowhead Stadium, and
Kauffman Stadium
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City Pioneer Square monument in Westport features
Pony Express founder
Alexander Majors, Westport/Kansas City founder
John Calvin McCoy and Mountainman
Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Walnut Street, Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, 1906.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City satellite map
2.
West Hollywood
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West Hollywood, occasionally referred to locally as WeHo, is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, as of the 2010 census, its population was 34,399. It is considered one of the most prominent gay villages in the United States, the citys irregular boundary is featured in its logo, it was largely formed from the unincorporated Los Angeles County area that had not become part of the surrounding cities. West Hollywood benefits from a dense, compact urban form with small lots, mixed land use. According to Walkscore, a website that ranks cities based on walkability, commercial corridors include the nightlife and dining focused on the Sunset Strip, along Santa Monica Boulevard, and the Avenues of Art & Design along Robertson, Melrose, and Beverly Boulevard. Major intersecting streets typically provide amenities within walking distance of adjacent neighborhoods, West Hollywood has a Subtropical-semi-arid climate with year-round warm weather. The record high temperature of 111 °F was recorded September 26,1963, snow is rare in West Hollywood, with the last accumulation occurring in 1949. Rainfall is sparse, and falls mainly during winter months, around 5,000 of the indigenous inhabitants from the Tongva Indian tribe canoed out to greet Juan Cabrillo. The Tongva tribe was a nation of hunter-gatherers known for their reverence of dance, by 1771, these native people had been severely ravaged by diseases brought in by the Europeans from across wide oceans. The Spanish mission system changed the name to Gabrielinos, in reference to the Mission de San Gabriel. The Gabrielinos are believed to have burned the pitch for fuel, by 1780, what became the Sunset Strip was the major connecting road for El Pueblo de Los Angeles, and all ranches westward to the Pacific Ocean. This land passed through the hands of owners during the next one hundred years. Most of this area was part of the Rancho La Brea, Sherman became the location of the railroads main shops, railroad yards, and car barns. Many working-class employees of the railroad settled in this town and it was during this time that the city began to earn its reputation as a loosely regulated, liquor-friendly place for eccentric people wary of government interference. Despite several annexation attempts, the town elected not to part of the City of Los Angeles. For many years, the area that is now the city of West Hollywood was an area in the midst of Los Angeles. Because gambling was illegal in the city of Los Angeles, but still legal in Los Angeles County and these businesses were immune from the sometimes heavy-handed law-enforcement of the L. A. Some people connected with movie-making were attracted to this area of the County
West Hollywood
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Part of the
Sunset Strip in 2001
West Hollywood
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La Fontaine Building (apartments) in 1982
West Hollywood
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Whiskey a Go-Go on the
Sunset Strip
West Hollywood
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Chateau Marmont Hotel in adjacent
Hollywood
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
4.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
Film director
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American director
Steven Spielberg with Sri Lankan film maker
Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka
Film director
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The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, while filming a
costume drama on location in
London.
Film director
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Director
Pedro Almodóvar and actress
Penélope Cruz
Film director
–
Fritz Lang directing a movie
5.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
Screenwriter
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A page of a screenplay
6.
Film producer
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Film producers fill a variety of roles depending upon the type of producer. During the discovery stage, the producer has to find and acknowledge promising material, then, unless the film is supposed to be based on an original script, the producer has to find an appropriate screenwriter. For various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production, in this case, the main producer may appoint executive producers, line producers, or unit production managers who represent the main producers interests. The producer has the last word on whether sounds or music have to be changed and they are in charge of selling the film or arranging distribution rights as well. The producers role can vary significantly from project to project, based on the circumstances and they generally are in charge of things like hiring staff, creating filming schedules, checking and approving locations, and much more. Producers are present in every genre of television and film. Although each genre might be different from each other, a producers role and job is the same throughout each. A producer from a program can be compared to a producer of a filmmaker despite how different each genre can be. Although the primary role of the producer can be compared to that of a filmmaker, the roles are very wide ranging, due to the fact that this occupation has gone through an enormous amount of stages and phases as time went on. Today, in most cases the roles range from supervising the editing process to hiring the main staff. The producer has an amount of power in every single aspect of the production process. They are never left out and are involved in every single stage of the production. There are times when a producer can try and find promising material to either a feature film or a television program. If a producer decides to do this, it is usually done in the discovery stage, the discovery stage is when a producer is actively looking for a variety of ideas, concepts, and/or promising scripts that he/she could make into a show and/or film. In this stage, a power may even stretch to gathering workers for the selected project. Even though a producer today can have a range of roles within the field. Within the industry, there are different types of producers who are only designated to specific roles such as controlling the staff. For example, to oversee and manage all aspects of production the role may be filled by the line producer
Film producer
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George Lucas is known for producing the
Star Wars and
Indiana Jones movies.
7.
Academy Award for Best Director
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The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
Academy Award for Best Director
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Frank Borzage, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
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Lewis Milestone, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
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John Ford has the most awards with four.
Academy Award for Best Director
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Clint Eastwood is the oldest winner for directing
Million Dollar Baby.
8.
Cinema of the United States
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The cinema of the United States, often metonymously referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The dominant style of American cinema is Classical Hollywood Cinema, which developed from 1917-1960, while the French Lumière Brothers are generally credited with the birth of modern cinema, it is American cinema that soon became the most dominant force in an emerging industry. Since the 1920s, the American film industry has grossed more money every year than that of any other country, in 1878, Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated the power of photography to capture motion. In 1894, the worlds first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City, the United States was in the forefront of sound film development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U. S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, Los Angeles, director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar. Orson Welless Citizen Kane is frequently cited in critics polls as the greatest film of all time. T, the Extra-Terrestrial, Jurassic Park, Titanic, Avatar, The Avengers, Furious 7, Jurassic World, and Star Wars, The Force Awakens. Today, American film studios collectively generate several hundred movies every year, muybridges accomplishment led inventors everywhere to attempt to make similar devices that would capture such motion. In the United States, Thomas Edison was among the first to produce such a device, the history of cinema in the United States can trace its roots to the East Coast where, at one time, Fort Lee, New Jersey was the motion picture capital of America. The industry got its start at the end of the 19th century with the construction of Thomas Edisons Black Maria, in 1909, a forerunner of Universal Studios, the Champion Film Company, built the first studio. They were quickly followed by others who either built new studios or who leased facilities in Fort Lee, such notables as Mary Pickford got their start at Biograph Studios. In New York, the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, was built during the silent film era, was used by the Marx Brothers, the Edison Studios were located in the Bronx. Chelsea, Manhattan was also frequently used, other major centers of film production also included Chicago, Florida, Texas, California, and Cuba. The film patents wars of the early 20th century led to the spread of film companies across the U. S and they started filming on a vacant lot near Georgia Street in downtown Los Angeles. While there, the decided to explore new territories, traveling several miles north to Hollywood. Griffith then filmed the first movie shot in Hollywood, In Old California, a Biograph melodrama about California in the 19th century. Griffith stayed there for months and made several films before returning to New York, after hearing about Griffiths success in Hollywood, in 1913, many movie-makers headed west to avoid the fees imposed by Thomas Edison, who owned patents on the movie-making process. Nestor Studios of Bayonne, New Jersey, built the first studio in Hollywood in 1911, Californias more hospitable and cost-effective climate led to the eventual shift of virtually all filmmaking to the West Coast by the 1930s. In Los Angeles, the studios and Hollywood grew, before World War I, movies were made in several U. S. cities, but filmmakers gravitated to southern California as the industry developed
Cinema of the United States
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The
Hollywood Sign in the Hollywood Hills has become a landmark representing the Southern California film industry.
Cinema of the United States
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Cinema of the United States
Cinema of the United States
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The singer and actress
Carmen Miranda participated in 14 films in Hollywood from 1940 to 1953.
Cinema of the United States
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This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2015)
9.
Pauline Kael
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Pauline Kael was an American film critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991. Kael was known for her witty, biting, highly opinionated and sharply focused reviews and she is regarded as one of the most influential American film critics of her day. She left an impression on many other prominent film critics, including Armond White. You couldnt apply her approach to a film, with her it was all personal. Owen Gleiberman said she was more than a great critic and she re-invented the form, and pioneered an entire aesthetic of writing. Kael was born on a farm in Petaluma, California, to Isaac Paul Kael and Judith Kael. Her parents lost their farm when Kael was eight, and the moved to San Francisco. In 1936 she matriculated at the University of California, Berkeley, where she studied philosophy, literature, nevertheless, Kael intended to go on to law school but fell in with a group of artists and moved to New York City with the poet Robert Horan. Three years later, Kael returned to San Francisco and led a life, writing plays. In 1948, Kael and filmmaker James Broughton had a daughter, Gina, in 1953, the editor of City Lights magazine overheard Kael arguing about films in a coffeeshop with a friend and asked her to review Charlie Chaplins Limelight. Kael dubbed the film Slimelight and began publishing film criticism regularly in magazines, Kael later explained her writing style, I worked to loosen my style—to get away from the term-paper pomposity that we learn at college. I wanted the sentences to breathe, to have the sound of a human voice, Kael disparaged the supposed critics ideal of objectivity, referring to it as saphead objectivity, and incorporated aspects of autobiography into her criticism. I came out of the theater, tears streaming, and overheard the petulant voice of a college girl complaining to her boyfriend, for if people cannot feel Shoeshine, what can they feel. Later I learned that the man with whom I had quarreled had gone the same night and had emerged in tears. Yet our tears for each other, and for Shoeshine did not bring us together, Life, as Shoeshine demonstrates, is too complex for facile endings. Kael broadcast many of her early reviews on the public radio station KPFA, in Berkeley. As manager of a theater, Kael programmed the films that were shown. She also wrote pungent capsule reviews of the films, which her patrons began collecting, Kael continued to juggle writing with other work until she received an offer to publish a book of her criticism
Pauline Kael
–
Pauline Kael
10.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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Headquarters building
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
–
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study building on La Cienega Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in the Hollywood district
11.
MASH (film)
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MASH is a 1970 American satirical black comedy war film directed by Robert Altman and written by Ring Lardner, Jr. based on Richard Hookers novel MASH, A Novel About Three Army Doctors. The picture is the feature film in the M*A*S*H franchise. The film depicts a unit of medical personnel stationed at a Mobile Army Surgical Hospital during the Korean War, the film won Grand Prix du Festival International du Film, later named Palme dOr, at 1970 Cannes Film Festival. The film went on to receive five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, MASH was deemed culturally significant by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. The Academy Film Archive preserved MASH in 2000, the film inspired the popular and critically acclaimed television series M*A*S*H, which ran from 1972 to 1983. The plot is told as a series of vignettes surrounding the life of the namesake Mobile Army Surgical Hospital where it is set. Set in 1951 in South Korea, the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital is assigned two replacements, Captains Hawkeye Pierce and Duke Forrest, who arrive in a stolen Jeep and they are insubordinate, womanizing, mischievous rule-breakers, but they soon prove to be excellent combat surgeons. As the film progresses, further scenes introduce additional characters, other characters arrive after Hawkeye and Duke, and become integrated into camp life, such as surgeon Trapper John and Nurse Margaret Houlihan. After the characters are introduced, which forms the opening act and they are prone to pranks and heavy drinking. The other faction forms around the relationship between Majors Houlihan and Burns, who are both career military personnel. The two factions battle back and forth in a series of pranks and reprisals until Burns is goaded into punching Hawkeye, the removal of Burns changes the camp social dynamic and marks the transition to the third act. Trapper and Hawkeye are removed to Japan to operate on a congressmans son, upon returning to Korea, General Hammond and Colonel Blake organize a friendly football game, with some money thrown into a pot to make bets. Hawkeye and Blake arrange for a plan in order to assure victory, first, they get Henry to apply for a specific neurosurgeon, Dr. Oliver Harmon Jones, a former professional football player for the San Francisco 49ers. Then, they bet half their money up front and keep the ringer out of the first half of the game, during the game, Houlihan uncharacteristically participates as a cheerleader in an effort to fit in. Once the other team racks up some points and becomes confident enough to offer good odds to bet the rest of the money. The 325th has its own ringers, however, and the 4077th fights back with illegal injuries, the game comes down to the last play, in which the quarterback returns the ball to the center, SSgt. Vollmer, who hides the ball under his jersey and runs into the end zone for the winning touchdown, the screenplay, by Ring Lardner, Jr. is different from the original novel. In the DVD audio commentary, Altman describes the novel as pretty terrible and he claims that the screenplay was used only as a springboard
MASH (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
12.
Nashville (film)
–
Nashville is a 1975 American satirical musical comedy-drama film directed by Robert Altman. The film takes a snapshot of people involved in the music and gospel music businesses in Nashville. Nashville is often noted for its scope, with critics viewing it as a sort of mosaic. The work contains 24 main characters, an hour of musical numbers, Nicholls, Dave Peel, Cristina Raines, Bert Remsen, Lily Tomlin, Gwen Welles, and Keenan Wynn. Nashville opened to positive reviews and won numerous awards. It is considered Altmans masterpiece, and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1992, the overarching plot takes place over five days leading up to a political rally for Replacement Party candidate Hal Phillip Walker, who is never seen throughout the entire movie. The story follows 24 characters roaming around Nashville, in search of some sort of goal through their own story arcs, an Englishwoman named Opal who claims to be working on a documentary for the BBC appears in the studio but is told to leave by Haven. Down the hall from Havens session is Linnea Reese, a gospel singer recording a song with a black choir. Also present are Pfc. Glenn Kelly and the folk trio Bill, Mary. Bill and Mary are married, but largely unhappy, partly due to the fact that Mary is in love with womanizing Tom, however, Martha repeatedly puts off visiting her aunt in favor of chasing after male musicians. Working at the restaurant are African-American cook Wade Cooley, and his pretty waitress friend, Sueleen Gay. After greeting the crowds on the tarmac, Barbara Jean faints due to the heat, Barbara Jeans appearance having been cut short, those in attendance depart the airport and wind up stranded on the highway after a pile-up occurs. During the commotion, Winifred, a country singer, runs away from her husband, Star. Star gives a ride to Kenny Frasier, who has just arrived in town carrying a violin case, Opal takes advantage of the traffic jam to interview first Linnea and then Tommy Brown, an African-American country singer who is performing at the Opry. Tommy and his entourage go to Lady Pearls club but Wade, Linneas husband, Del Reese is working with political organizer, John Triplette to plan a small fundraiser and a large outdoor concert gala for the Walker campaign. Winifred shows up at Trouts club trying to recruit musicians to record a demo with her, Del invites Triplette for family dinner with Linnea and their two deaf children. Linnea and Del are having problems and she focuses on the children rather than on him. In the middle of dinner, Tom calls trying to make a date with Linnea, Pfc. Kelly sneaks into Barbara Jeans hospital room and sits in the chair by her bed all night, watching her sleep
Nashville (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Nashville (film)
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The
Parthenon in Nashville, location of the climactic final scene.
Nashville (film)
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The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Nashville
13.
National Film Registry
–
The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion
National Film Registry
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Logo for the National Film Registry
National Film Registry
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The 47-second long
The Kiss (1896) was one of the first films shown commercially to the public.
National Film Registry
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The Great Train Robbery (1903) used a variety of editing techniques that were becoming popular at the time of its release.
National Film Registry
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Although not the first animated film,
Gertie the Dinosaur became the first popular cartoon.
14.
Berlin International Film Festival
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The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the worlds leading film festivals and most reputable media events. It is held annually in Berlin, Germany, founded in West Berlin in 1951, the festival has been celebrated annually in February since 1978. With around 300,000 tickets sold and 500,000 admissions it is considered the largest publicly attended film festival based on actual attendance rates. Up to 400 films are shown in sections, representing a comprehensive array of the cinematic world. Around twenty films compete for the called the Golden and Silver Bears. Since 2001 the director of the festival has been Dieter Kosslick, the European Film Market, a film trade fair held simultaneously to the Berlinale, is a major industry meeting for the international film circuit. The trade fair serves distributors, film buyers, producers, financiers, the Berlinale Talent Campus, a week-long series of lectures and workshops, gathers young filmmakers from around the globe. It partners with the festival itself and is considered to be a forum for upcoming artists, the festival, the EFM and other satellite events are attended by around 20,000 professionals from over 130 countries. More than 4200 journalists are responsible for the exposure in over 110 countries. At high-profile feature film premieres, movie stars and celebrities are present at the red carpet, the Berlinale has established a cosmopolitan character integrating art, glamour, commerce and a global media attention. The Berlin International Film Festival was founded in West Berlin in 1951, alfred Hitchcock’s Rebecca opened the first Berlinale. Although the film had premiered in 1940, many Germans had been unable to watch it until after the war ended, since 1978 the festival has been celebrated annually in February. The next-to-most recent festival, the 66th Berlinale, was held from 11 February to 21 February 2016, meryl Streep presided over the international jury. Joel and Ethan Coens film Hail, Caesar. was selected to open the festival, the Golden Bear was awarded to the Italian documentary Fire at Sea, directed by Gianfranco Rosi. The 67th Berlin International Film Festival was held February 9 to February 19,2017, the festival is composed of seven different film sections. Films are chosen in each category by a director with the advice of a committee of film experts. Categories include, Competition, comprises feature-length films yet to be released outside their country of origin, films in the Competition section compete for several prizes, including the top Golden Bear for the best film and a series of Silver Bears for acting, writing and production. Panorama, comprises new independent and arthouse films that deal with controversial subjects or unconventional aesthetic styles, films in the category are intended to provoke discussion, and have historically involved themes such as LGBT issues
Berlin International Film Festival
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Berlinale Palace, the main venue at
Potsdamer Platz
Berlin International Film Festival
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Berlin International Film Festival
Berlin International Film Festival
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Venues of the festival are spread throughout the central city districts
Berlin International Film Festival
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The Berlinale Palast is the venue for the competition premieres
15.
Golden Lion
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The Golden Lion is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the committee and is now regarded as one of the film industrys most distinguished prizes. In 1970, a second Golden Lion was introduced, this is an award for people who have made an important contribution to cinema. The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, previously, the equivalent prize was the Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia, awarded in 1947 and 1948. Before that, from 1934 until 1942, the highest awards were the Coppa Mussolini for Best Italian Film, no Golden Lions were awarded between 1969 and 1979. Sixty-eight produced a dramatic fracture with the past,14 French films have been awarded the Golden Lion, more than that of any other nation. However, there is considerable diversity in the winners. Five American filmmakers have won the Golden Lion, with awards for John Cassavetes and Robert Altman, as well as Ang Lee, Darren Aronofsky and Sofia Coppola. The Golden Lion, by contrast, has awarded to ten Asians during the same time period. Ang Lee won the Golden Lion twice within three years during the 2000s, once for an American film and once for a Chinese-language film, zhang Yimou has also won twice. Other Asians to win the Golden Lion since 1980 include Jia Zhangke, Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, Trần Anh Hùng, Takeshi Kitano, Kim Ki-duk, Jafar Panahi, Mira Nair, and Lav Diaz. Russian filmmakers have won the Golden Lion several times, including since the end of the USSR. Still, to date 33 of the 54 winners were European men, since 1949 only four women have ever won the Golden Lion for directing, Mira Nair, Sofia Coppola, German Margarethe von Trotta and Belgiums Agnès Varda. In comparison to the other major Western European festivals, the Berlinales Golden Bear has also awarded to four women. In the history of Cannes, only one woman filmmaker has been awarded the Palme dOr
Golden Lion
–
The Golden Lion won by
New German Cinema director
Margarethe von Trotta for her 1981 film
Marianne and Juliane
16.
Venice Film Festival
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The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895. The film festival has taken place in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, since its inception the Venice Film Festival has grown into one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world. The 74th Venice International Film Festival is scheduled to be held from 30 August to 9 September 2017, the first edition of the Venice Film Festival was carried out from the 6 to the 21 of August in 1932. The festival began with an idea of the president of the Venice Biennale Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata and Luciano De Feo, with good reason, the festival was considered the first international event of its type, receiving strong support from authorities. This first edition was held on the terrace of the Hotel Excelsior on the Venice Lido, and at that stage it was not a competitive event. The very first film to be shown in the history of the Festival was Rouben Mamoulians Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the second edition was held two years later, from 1 to 20 of August in 1934. For the first time it included a competition, at least 19 countries took part with over 300 accredited journalists. The Mussolini Cup was introduced for best foreign film and best Italian film, other awards were the Great Gold Medals of the National Fascist Association for Entertainment to best actor and actress. The prize for best foreign film went to Robert J. Flahertys Man of Aran and was a confirmation of the taste of the time for auteur documentaries, starting in 1935, the Festival became a yearly event under the direction of Ottavio Croze. The actors award was renamed Volpi Cup, in 1936 an international jury was nominated for the first time and in 1937 the new Cinema Palace, designed by the architect Luigi Quagliata, was inaugurated. The 1940s represent one of the most difficult moments for the review, the conclusion of the Second World War divides the decade in two. Before 1938 political pressures distorted and ruined the festival, in addition, few countries participated and there was an absolute monopoly of institutions and directors that were members of the Rome-Berlin Axis. The festival resumed full speed in 1946, after the war, with the return of normalcy, Venice once again became a great icon of the film world. In 1947 the festival was held at the Doges Palace, a most magnificent backdrop for hosting a record 90 thousand participants, surely it can be considered one of the greatest editions in the history of the festival. For the next twenty years the festival continued its development and expansion in accordance with the plan set in motion after the war. In 1963 the winds of change blow strongly during Luigi Chiarini’s directorship of the festival, during the years of his presidency, Chiarini aspired to renew the spirit and the structures of the festival, pushing for a total reorganization of the entire system. The social and political unrest of 1968 had strong repercussions on the Venice Bienniale, from 1969 to 1979 no prizes were awarded and the festival returned to the non-competitiveness of the first edition
Venice Film Festival
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Venice Cinema Palace in 2009
Venice Film Festival
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Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
–
The
Doge's Palace in
Piazza San Marco hosted the 1947 edition.
Venice Film Festival
–
The 65th Venice International Film Festival
17.
Cannes Film Festival
–
Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Stars posing for photographers are a part of Cannes folklore.
Cannes Film Festival
–
Palme d'Or awarded to
Apocalypse Now at the
1979 Cannes Film Festival
18.
Mayflower
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The Mayflower was the ship that transported the first English Separatists, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620. There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30 and this voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history, with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a form of democracy. There was a ship named Mayflower that made the London to Plymouth. This was the cause of the voyage from England to America taking more than two months. The Mayflowers return trip to London in April–May 1621 took less than half that time, by 1620, the Mayflower was aging, nearing the end of the usual working life of an English merchant ship in that era, some 15 years. No dimensions of her hull can be stated exactly, since this was years before such measurements were standardized. She probably measured about 100 feet in length from the end at the beak of her prow to the tip of her stern superstructure aft. She was about 25 feet at her widest point, with the bottom of her keel about 12 feet below the waterline, although William Bradford was not a mariner, he estimated that Mayflower had a cargo capacity of 180 tons. What is known on the basis of surviving records from that time is that she could certainly accommodate 180 casks of wine in her cargo hold, the casks were great barrels that each held hundreds of gallons of claret wine. This was a ship that traditionally was heavily armed while on trading routes around Europe, due to the possibility of encountering pirates, and with its armament, the ship and crew could easily be conscripted by the English monarch at any time in case of conflict with other nations. The general layout of the ship was as follows, Three masts, mizzen, main, and fore, Three primary levels, main deck, gun deck, and cargo hold. Aft on the deck in the stern was the cabin for Master Christopher Jones. Forward of that was the room, which housed a whipstaff for sailing control, not a wheel. Also here was the compass and probably also berths for the ships officers. Forward of the room was the capstan, a vertical axle used to pull in ropes or cables. Far forward on the deck, just aft of the bow, was the forecastle space where the ships cook prepared meals for the crew. The poop deck was above the cabin of Master Jones, on the ships highest level above the stern on the aft castle, the poop house was on this deck, which may have been for passengers use either for sleeping or cargo
Mayflower
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Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by
William Halsall (1882)
Mayflower
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Mayflower arrived in
the "Cape Cod fishhook", 11 November 1620 (satellite photo, 1997)
Mayflower
–
Plaque on the side of a building next to Newlyn Old Quay
Mayflower
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The Mayflower Memorial in
Southampton
19.
Nebraska
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Nebraska /nᵻˈbræskə/ is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. Its area is just over 77,220 sq mi with almost 1.9 million people and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River. The state is crossed by many trails and was explored by the Lewis. Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 and it is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan. Nebraska is composed of two major regions, the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains. The Dissected Till Plains is a region of rolling hills. The Great Plains occupy most of western Nebraska, characterized by treeless prairie, the state has a large agriculture sector and is a major producer of beef, pork, corn, and soybeans. Two major climatic zones are represented in Nebraska, the half of the state has a humid continental climate, and the western half. Indigenous peoples lived in the region of present-day Nebraska for thousands of years before European exploration. The historic tribes in the state included the Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, when European exploration, trade, and settlement began, both Spain and France sought to control the region. In the 1690s, Spain established trade connections with the Apaches, by 1703, France had developed a regular trade with the native peoples along the Missouri River in Nebraska, and by 1719 had signed treaties with several of these peoples. After war broke out between the two countries, Spain dispatched an expedition to Nebraska under Lieutenant General Pedro de Villasur in 1720. The party was attacked and destroyed near present-day Columbus by a force of Pawnees and Otoes. The massacre of the Villasur expedition effectively put an end to Spanish exploration of Nebraska for the remainder of the 18th century, in 1762, during the Seven Years War, France ceded the Louisiana territory to Spain. Frances withdrawal from the area left Britain and Spain competing for dominance along the Mississippi, by 1773, later that year, Mackays party built a trading post, dubbed Fort Carlos IV, near present-day Homer. In 1819, the United States established Fort Atkinson as the first U. S. Army post west of the Missouri River, the army abandoned the fort in 1827 as migration moved further west. European-American settlement did not begin in any numbers until after 1848, on May 30,1854, the US Congress created the Kansas and the Nebraska territories, divided by the Parallel 40° North, under the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The Nebraska Territory included parts of the current states of Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, the territorial capital of Nebraska was Omaha
Nebraska
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Nebraska in 1718,
Guillaume de L'Isle map, with the approximate area of the future state highlighted.
Nebraska
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Flag
Nebraska
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Homesteaders in central Nebraska in 1888.
Nebraska
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Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition was held in
Omaha in 1898.
20.
Jesuit
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The Society of Jesus Latin, Societas Iesu, S. J. SJ or SI) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in Spain. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents, Jesuits work in education, intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, and promote social justice, Ignatius of Loyola founded the society after being wounded in battle and experiencing a religious conversion. He composed the Spiritual Exercises to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ, ignatiuss plan of the orders organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the Formula of the Institute. Ignatius was a nobleman who had a background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world. The Society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council, the Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of Madonna Della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General. The Society of Jesus on October 3,2016 announced that Superior General Adolfo Nicolás resignation was officially accepted, on October 14, the 36th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus elected Father Arturo Sosa as its thirty-first Superior General. The headquarters of the society, its General Curia, is in Rome, the historic curia of St. Ignatius is now part of the Collegio del Gesù attached to the Church of the Gesù, the Jesuit Mother Church. In 2013, Jorge Mario Bergoglio became the first Jesuit Pope, the Jesuits today form the largest single religious order of priests and brothers in the Catholic Church. As of 1 January 2015, Jesuits numbered 16,740,11,986 clerics regular,2,733 scholastics,1,268 brothers and 753 novices. In 2012, Mark Raper S. J. wrote, Our numbers have been in decline for the last 40 years—from over 30,000 in the 1960s to fewer than 18,000 today. The steep declines in Europe and North America and consistent decline in Latin America have not been offset by the significant increase in South Asia, the Society is divided into 83 Provinces with six Independent Regions and ten Dependent Regions. On 1 January 2007, members served in 112 nations on six continents with the largest number in India and their average age was 57.3 years,63.4 years for priests,29.9 years for scholastics, and 65.5 years for brothers. The current Superior General of the Jesuits is Arturo Sosa, the Society is characterized by its ministries in the fields of missionary work, human rights, social justice and, most notably, higher education. It operates colleges and universities in countries around the world and is particularly active in the Philippines. In the United States it maintains 28 colleges and universities and 58 high schools and he ensured that his formula was contained in two papal bulls signed by Pope Paul III in 1540 and by Pope Julius III in 1550. The formula expressed the nature, spirituality, community life and apostolate of the new religious order, the meeting is now commemorated in the Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre
Jesuit
–
Ignatius of Loyola
Jesuit
–
Society of Jesus
Jesuit
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Church of
Saint-Pierre de Montmartre, Paris.
Jesuit
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Fresco of Approving of bylaw of Society of Jesus depicting
Ignatius of Loyola receiving papal bull
Regimini militantis Ecclesiae from
Pope Paul III. The fresco was created by
Johann Christoph Handke in the Church of Our Lady Of the Snow in
Olomouc after 1743.
21.
Rockhurst High School
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Rockhurst High School is a private, Roman Catholic, Jesuit, all-boys, preparatory school founded in 1910 along with Rockhurst College, in Kansas City, Missouri. It moved away from the College in 1962 to the border between the Kansas City suburbs in Missouri and in Kansas. In 1908, Rev. Michael P. Dowling, S. J. selected the site for a Jesuit school at 52nd, the name Rockhurst was chosen because large rocks found on the grounds resembled those at the Jesuit Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, England. Rockhurst was established by the Society of Jesus and chartered by the State of Missouri as part of Rockhurst College in August 1910, classes began in the fall of 1914. In 1917, Luke J. Bryne Jr became the first graduate of the school and it changed its name to Rockhurst High School in 1923. The high school shared a campus and corporate umbrella with the College until 1962, terrence Baum, S. J. concluded 12 years as president of the high school. He had overseen a $41.3 million fund-raising campaign which allowed capital improvements including Loyola Center athletic complex, a dining commons, fifty-six semester credits are required for graduation. To this are added 12 semesters of college-preparatory electives, all freshmen participate in a two and one-half day retreat experience focused on community and love of God, with the diverse members of the Rockhurst community as presenters. All juniors make one of the three and a half-day Kairos retreats, focus is on Christ working in their lives, Talks by Rockhurst student leaders and adults stimulate group discussions and private reflection. Seniors are offered options of making three-day retreats based on Ignatius Spiritual Exercises, neither is required but both may be made more than once. All students participate in the voluntary service program throughout their four years. Freshman are introduced to service during freshman orientation days, again during their retreat. In sophomore and junior years each student puts in at least 40 hours performing some corporal work of mercy, seniors spend three weeks on a senior project of their choice, working with people who have special needs. This includes the Joseph of Arimathea Society, Snowmen for Others, For the Greater Glory, Hurtado’s Mentors, Claver Homeless Ministry, Friends of LArche, programs offered are in Kansas City, St. Louis, Appalachia, Tihuana, and Guatemala. Running the Harvest Food Drive and Mission Week are also a part of this program, the Jesuit Alumni Service Corps involves graduates of Jesuit schools in a year of teaching at a Jesuit secondary school. Eleven Rockhurst High School graduates have served in ASC and in 2016 there were 16 former ASC members on the Rockhurst faculty, Rockhurst offers to students 61 extracurricular clubs and activities. Primary among these are the drama, choral, and instrumental music programs which are meant to supplement the required semester in a fine or performing arts class. From the student government organization, one of the prominent student body presidents was Tim Kaine, class of 76
Rockhurst High School
–
Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam
22.
Wentworth Military Academy
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Wentworth Military Academy and College is a private two-year military college and high school in Lexington, Missouri, part of the Greater Kansas City Metropolitan Area. The institution will close on May 31,2017 due to declining enrollment, a campus. Wentworth is one of five military junior colleges in the United States, Wentworth also has a 100% acceptance into the Air Force Academy over the past 20 years through its Falcon Foundation Scholarship program. Because the high school shares the campus with the college, many high school students accelerate their education. The Wentworth Military Academy was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The district encompasses seven contributing buildings erected from approximately 1830 to 1920 and they are Hickman Hall, D Company, The Administration Building, The Student Union, Marine Barracks, Superintendents Residence and Junior Barracks. Lexingtons Civil War Battle of the Hemp Bales was still a recent memory when Stephen G. Wentworth founded Wentworth Military Academy in 1880, by the 1870s, the town had already attained the reputation as the Athens of the West for its many academic institutions. Lexington was home to three schools for girls. In 1869 the Baptist Female College moved its operation to the home of Pony Express Founder William B. Waddell at the corner of 13th and South Streets, elizabeth Aull Seminary was opened in the fall of 1860 and operated in a large building on Highland Avenue. Central Female College, later Central College for Women, began in 1868 and, in 1871, however, Lexingtons educators, business leaders and ministers had made numerous attempts to establish a school for boys and young men. Public schools were not yet widespread and there was a glaring need for a boys school, the most visible failed effort was the Masonic College of Missouri, which moved to Lexington in 1847 and operated until 1859. On May 12,1879, Wentworths 27-year-old son William died, as a memorial, Wentworth focused his attention on finally making a school for boys a reality in Lexington. In the spring of 1880, Mr. Wentworth announced that a new school named Wentworth Male Academy would begin operation in the fall, Mr. Wentworth had a long record of public service to Lexington. A local editorial writer proclaimed that Wentworth was One of our oldest, most generous and most worthy citizens, in the summer of 1879, he had returned to his hometown of Lexington and started Hobsons Select School for Boys. Benjamin Hobson knew that he could not operate the new school alone, and he turned to Sandford Sellers, Sellers eagerly accepted Hobsons invitation to join him as co-principal at Wentworth Male Academy. When Hobson left to pursue a career in the ministry at the end of the 1880–81 school year, Sandford Sellers became the force who forged Wentworths national reputation, and his hand would guide the school for the next 58 years. In the early days, he handled all the administrative affairs, academic planning
Wentworth Military Academy
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Wentworth Military Academy Administration Building
Wentworth Military Academy
–
2008 - 2009 Wentworth Falcons
23.
Lexington, Missouri
–
Lexington is a city in Lafayette County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,726 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Lafayette County. Located in western Missouri, Lexington lies about 40 miles east of Kansas City and is part of the Greater Kansas City Metropolitan Area. It is the home of the Battle of Lexington State Historic Site, and Wentworth Military Academy and College, Lexington is located at 39°10′59″N 93°52′30″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.38 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 4,726 people,1,867 households, the population density was 917.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,127 housing units at a density of 413.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 87. 3% White,6. 1% African American,0. 5% Native American,0. 9% Asian,0. 7% Pacific Islander,1. 2% from other races, and 3. 4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 7% of the population,31. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the family size was 2.94. The median age in the city was 39.6 years. 23. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,9. 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 5% were from 25 to 44,26. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 17% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 9% male and 51. 1% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 4,453 people,1,815 households, and 1,210 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,279.7 people per square mile, there were 2,015 housing units at an average density of 579.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 91. 02% White,6. 04% African American,0. 18% Native American,0. 49% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,1. 06% from other races, and 1. 17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 18% of the population,30. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the family size was 2.90. In the city, the population was out with 25. 2% under the age of 18,8. 0% from 18 to 24,26. 0% from 25 to 44,22. 7% from 45 to 64
Lexington, Missouri
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Lexington Historical Museum
Lexington, Missouri
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Cannonball from the 1861 Battle of Lexington lodged in the upper left column of the
Lafayette County Courthouse.
Lexington, Missouri
–
Madonna of the Trail monument on the edge of downtown Lexington, which was dedicated by
Harry S. Truman in 1928.
24.
United States Army Air Forces
–
Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff. S. Army to control its own installations and support personnel, the peak size of the AAF during the Second World War was over 2.4 million men and women in service and nearly 80,000 aircraft by 1944, and 783 domestic bases in December 1943. By V-E Day, the Army Air Forces had 1.25 million men stationed overseas, in its expansion and conduct of the war, the AAF became more than just an arm of the greater organization. By the end of World War II, the Army Air Forces had become virtually an independent service and this contrast between theory and fact is. fundamental to an understanding of the AAF. Gen. Billy Mitchell that led to his later court-martial, a strategy stressing precision bombing of industrial targets by heavily armed, long-range bombers emerged, formulated by the men who would become its leaders. Since 1920, control of units had resided with commanders of the corps areas. Both were created in 1933 when a conflict with Cuba seemed possible following a coup détat. Activation of GHQ Air Force represented a compromise between strategic airpower advocates and ground force commanders who demanded that the Air Corps mission remain tied to that of the land forces. GHQ Air Force organized combat groups administratively into a force of three wings deployed to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts but was small in comparison to European air forces. Corps area commanders continued to control over airfields and administration of personnel. The expected activation of Army General Headquarters prompted Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall to request a study from Chief of the Air Corps Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold resulting on 5 October 1940 in a proposal for creation of an air staff, unification of the air arm under one commander, and equality with the ground and supply forces. Marshall implemented a compromise that the Air Corps found entirely inadequate, naming Arnold as acting Deputy Chief of Staff for Air but rejecting all organizational points of his proposal. GHQ Air Force instead was assigned to the control of Army General Headquarters, although the latter was a training and not an operational component, when it was activated in November 1940. A division of the GHQ Air Force into four air defense districts on 19 October 1940 was concurrent with the creation of air forces to defend Hawaii. The air districts were converted in March 1941 into numbered air forces with an organization of 54 groups. Marshall had come to the view that the air forces needed a simpler system, Arnold and Marshall agreed that the AAF would enjoy a general autonomy within the War Department until the end of the war, while its commanders would cease lobbying for independence. Marshall, a proponent of airpower, left understood that the Air Force would likely achieve its independence following the war
United States Army Air Forces
–
General of the Army
Henry H. ("Hap") Arnold
United States Army Air Forces
–
Army Air Forces
shoulder sleeve insignia
United States Army Air Forces
–
USAAF
recruitment poster.
United States Army Air Forces
–
March 29, 1943 Reorganization of the United States Army Air Forces.
25.
B-24 Liberator
–
The Consolidated B-24 Liberator is an American heavy bomber, designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California. It was known within the company as the Model 32, and some models were laid down as export models designated as various LB-30s. At its inception, the B-24 was a design featuring a highly efficient shoulder-mounted. The wing gave the Liberator a high speed, long range. Early RAF Liberators were the first aircraft to cross the Atlantic Ocean as a matter of routine, however, the type was difficult to fly and had poor low speed performance. It also had a ceiling and was less robust than the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. While aircrews tended to prefer the B-17, General Staff favored the B-24, the B-24 was used extensively in World War II. It served in every branch of the American armed forces, as well as several Allied air forces and navies, along with the B-17, the B-24 was the mainstay of the US strategic bombing campaign in the Western European theater. Due to its range, it proved useful in bombing operations in the Pacific, long range anti-submarine Liberators played an instrumental role in closing the Mid-Atlantic Gap in the Battle of the Atlantic. The C-87 transport derivative served as a range, higher capacity counterpart to the Douglas C-47 Skytrain. The B-24 was produced in large numbers. At the end of World War II, the Liberator had been surpassed by more modern types such as the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the type was rapidly phased out of US service, although the PB4Y-2 Privateer derivative carried on in service with the US Navy in the Korean War. Two B-24s, one LB-30B and one Liberator V representing a B-24H, are airworthy as of 2016, the Liberator originated from a United States Army Air Corps request in 1938 for Consolidated to produce the B-17 under license. After company executives including President Reuben Fleet visited the Boeing factory in Seattle, Washington and this new fuselage was intentionally designed around twin bomb bays, each one being the same size and capacity of the B-17 bomb bays. In January 1939, the USAAC, under Specification C-212, formally invited Consolidated to submit a design study for a bomber with longer range, higher speed, the specification was written such that the Model 32 would automatically be the winning design. The program was run under the group, Project A. Although the B-24 did not meet Project A goals, it was a step in that direction, Project A led to the development of the Boeing B-29 and Consolidateds own B-32 and B-36. The B-24 had a shoulder mounted high aspect ratio Davis wing and this wing was highly efficient allowing a relatively high airspeed and long range
B-24 Liberator
–
B-24 Liberator
B-24 Liberator
–
XB-24 in flight
B-24 Liberator
–
One of the early B-24D.
B-24 Liberator
–
LB-30A (YB-24) in RAF service
26.
Borneo
–
Borneo is the third-largest island in the world and the largest island in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, the island is politically divided among three countries, Malaysia and Brunei in the north, and Indonesia to the south. Approximately 73% of the island is Indonesian territory, in the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak make up about 26% of the island. Additionally, the Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on an island just off the coast of Borneo. The sovereign state of Brunei, located on the north coast, antipodal to an area of Amazon rainforest, Borneo is itself home to one of the oldest rainforests in the world, and to Bornean orangutans. The island is known by names, internationally it is known as Borneo, after Brunei. The name Brunei possibly was derived from the Sanskrit word váruṇa, meaning either ocean or the mythological Varuna. Indonesian natives called it Kalimantan, which was derived from the Sanskrit word Kalamanthana, prior to that the island was also known by other names. In 977 Chinese records began to use the term Po-ni to refer to Borneo or Brunei, in 1225 it was also mentioned by the Chinese official Chau Ju-Kua. The Javanese manuscript Nagarakretagama, written by Majapahit court poet Mpu Prapanca in 1365, mentioned the island as Nusa Tanjungnagara, to the west of Borneo are the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. To the south and east are islands of Indonesia, Java and Sulawesi, to the northeast are the Philippine Islands. With an area of 743,330 square kilometres, it is the third-largest island in the world and its highest point is Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia, with an elevation of 4,095 m. The largest river system is the Kapuas in West Kalimantan, with a length of 1,143 km, other major rivers include the Mahakam in East Kalimantan, the Barito in South Kalimantan, and Rajang in Sarawak. Clearwater Cave, for example, has one of the worlds longest underground rivers, deer Cave is home to over three million bats, with guano accumulated to over 100 metres deep. The South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand now submerge the former low-lying areas of the peninsula, the Borneo rainforest is 140 million years old, making it one of the oldest rainforests in the world. There are about 15,000 species of flowering plants with 3,000 species of trees,221 species of mammals and 420 species of resident birds in Borneo. There are about 440 freshwater fish species in Borneo and it is the centre of the evolution and distribution of many endemic species of plants and animals. The Borneo rainforest is one of the few remaining habitats for the endangered Bornean orangutan
Borneo
–
A large log being placed on a railroad car at Batottan, British North Borneo in 1926
Borneo
–
Topography of Borneo
Borneo
–
True-colour satellite image of the island of Borneo on 14 May 2012, as taken by the
Terra satellite
Borneo
–
A peat forest in
Kalimantan
27.
Dutch East Indies
–
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony. It was formed from the colonies of the Dutch East India Company. During the 19th century, Dutch possessions and hegemony were expanded and this colony was one of the most valuable European colonies under the Dutch Empires rule, and contributed to Dutch global prominence in spice and cash crop trade in the 19th to early 20th century. The colonial social order was based on racial and social structures with a Dutch elite living separate from. The term Indonesia came into use for the location after 1880. In the early 20th century, local intellectuals began developing the concept of Indonesia as a nation state, Japans World War II occupation dismantled much of the Dutch colonial state and economy. Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Indonesian nationalists declared independence which they fought to secure during the subsequent Indonesian National Revolution, the word Indies comes from Latin, Indus. The original name Dutch Indies was translated by the English as the Dutch East Indies, the name Dutch Indies is recorded in the Dutch East India Companys documents of the early 1620s. Scholars writing in English use the terms Indië, Indies, the Dutch East Indies, the Netherlands Indies, centuries before Europeans arrived, the Indonesian archipelago supported various states, including commercially oriented coastal trading states and inland agrarian states. The first Europeans to arrive were the Portuguese in the late 15th century, following disruption of Dutch access to spices in Europe, the first Dutch expedition set sail for the East Indies in 1595 to access spices directly from Asia. When it made a 400% profit on its return, other Dutch expeditions soon followed, recognising the potential of the East Indies trade, the Dutch government amalgamated the competing companies into the United East India Company. The VOC was granted a charter to wage war, build fortresses, a capital was established in Batavia, which became the centre of the VOCs Asian trading network. Smuggling, the expense of war, corruption, and mismanagement led to bankruptcy by the end of the 18th century. The company was dissolved in 1800 and its colonial possessions in the Indonesian archipelago were nationalised under the Dutch Republic as the Dutch East Indies. From the arrival of the first Dutch ships in the late 16th century, to the declaration of independence in 1945, although Java was dominated by the Dutch, many areas remained independent throughout much of this time, including Aceh, Bali, Lombok and Borneo. Piracy remained a problem until the mid-19th century, finally in the early 20th century, imperial dominance was extended across what was to become the territory of modern-day Indonesia. In 1811, British forces occupied several Dutch East Indies ports including Java, Dutch control was restored in 1816. Under the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty, the Dutch secured British settlements such as Bengkulu in Sumatra, in exchange for ceding control of their possessions in the Malay Peninsula, the resulting borders between British and Dutch possessions remain between Malaysia and Indonesia
Dutch East Indies
–
The submission of
Prince Diponegoro to
General De Kock at the end of the
Java War in 1830,
painting by
Nicolaas Pieneman
Dutch East Indies
–
Flag
Dutch East Indies
–
The Dutch 7th Battalion advancing in Bali in 1846.
Dutch East Indies
–
Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer and
B.C. de Jonge, the last and second-to-last
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies before
Japanese invasion.
28.
Tattoo
–
A tattoo is a form of body modification, where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment. The word tattoo, or tattow in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word tatau, the Oxford English Dictionary gives the etymology of tattoo as In 18th c. tattaow, tattow. Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring and this is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see military tattoo. In this case, the English word tattoo is derived from the Dutch word taptoe, the word tattoo was brought to Europe by the explorer James Cook, when he returned in 1769 from his first voyage to Tahiti and New Zealand. In his narrative of the voyage, he refers to an operation called tattaw, mainstream art galleries hold exhibitions of both conventional and custom tattoo designs such as Beyond Skin, at the Museum of Croydon. Copyrighted tattoo designs that are mass-produced and sent to tattoo artists are known as flash, flash sheets are prominently displayed in many tattoo parlors for the purpose of providing both inspiration and ready-made tattoo images to customers. The most common used for traditional Japanese tattoo designs is Horimono. Japanese may use the word tattoo to mean non-Japanese styles of tattooing, anthropologist Ling Roth in 1900 described four methods of skin marking and suggested they be differentiated under the names tatu, moko, cicatrix, and keloid. According to George Orwell, coal miners could develop characteristic tattoos owing to coal dust getting into wounds and this can also occur with substances like gunpowder. Similarly, a traumatic tattoo occurs when a substance such as asphalt is rubbed into a wound as the result of some kind of accident or trauma. These are particularly difficult to remove as they tend to be spread across several layers of skin, the symbolism and impact of tattoos varies in different places and cultures. Tattoos may show how a person feels about a relative or about an unrelated person, some Māori still choose to wear intricate moko on their faces. In Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, the tattoo is used for protection against evil. Text-based tattoos including quotes, lyrics, personal mottos or scripture are popular in western culture, as an example some Christians might have a Psalm or verse from the Bible tattooed on their body. Popular verses include John 3,16, Philippians 4,13, in the Philippines certain tribal groups believe tattoos have magical qualities, and help to protect their bearers. Most traditional tattooing in the Philippines is related to the accomplishments in life or rank in the tribe. Extensive decorative tattooing is common among members of traditional freak shows, people have also been forcibly tattooed. During registration, the Nazis would pierce the outlines of the serial-number digits onto the prisoners arms, only Auschwitz put tattoos on inmates, of all the Nazi concentration camps
Tattoo
–
Yakuza members display their full-body tattoos at
Sanja Matsuri festival.
Tattoo
–
Modern materials and techniques allow for a range of previously impossible designs and colors within tattoo art.
Tattoo
–
A Māori Chief with tattoos (
moko) seen by Cook and his crew
Tattoo
–
A tattooed man's back,
Japan, c. 1875
29.
RKO
–
RKO Pictures Inc. also known as RKO Radio Pictures and in its later years RKO Teleradio Pictures, was an American film production and distribution company. It was one of the Big Five studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, RCA chief David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the companys sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone. By the mid-1940s, the studio was under the control of investor Floyd Odlum, RKO has long been celebrated for its series of musicals starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in the mid-to-late 1930s. Actors Katharine Hepburn and, later, Robert Mitchum had their first major successes at the studio, cary Grant was a mainstay for years. The work of producer Val Lewtons low-budget horror unit and RKOs many ventures into the now known as film noir have been acclaimed, largely after the fact, by film critics. The studio produced two of the most famous films in motion picture history, King Kong and Citizen Kane, RKO Pictures is also a member of Motion Picture Association of America. Maverick industrialist Howard Hughes took over RKO in 1948, after years of turmoil and decline under his control, Hughes sold the troubled studio to General Tire and Rubber Company in 1955. The original RKO Pictures ceased production in 1957 and was dissolved two years later. In 1981, broadcaster RKO General, the heir, revived it as a production subsidiary. In October 1927, Warner Bros. released The Jazz Singer and its success prompted Hollywood to convert from silent to sound film production en masse. The Radio Corporation of America controlled an advanced optical sound-on-film system, RCA Photophone, the industrys two largest major studios, Paramount and Loews/MGM, with two other studios Universal and First National, were poised to contract with ERPI for sound conversion as well. Next on the agenda was securing a string of exhibition venues like those the leading Hollywood production companies owned, Kennedy began investigating the possibility of such a purchase. Around that time, the large Keith-Albee-Orpheum circuit of theaters, built around the medium of live vaudeville, was attempting a transition to the movie business. In mid-1927, the operations of Pathé Exchange and Cecil B. De Milles Producers Distributing Corporation had united under KAOs control, early in 1928, KAO general manager John J. Murdock, who had assumed the presidency of Pathé, turned to Kennedy as an adviser in consolidating the studio with De Milles company, PDC. This was the relationship Sarnoff and Kennedy sought, on October 23,1928, RCA announced the creation of the Radio-Keith-Orpheum holding company, with Sarnoff as chairman of the board. Kennedy, who withdrew from his positions in the merged companies, kept Pathé separate from RKO. RCA owned the governing stock interest in RKO,22 percent, in the early 1930s, the companys production and distribution arm, presided over by former FBO vice-president Joseph I
RKO
–
RKO Radio Pictures Inc.
RKO
–
Early Radio-Keith-Orpheum logo
RKO
–
Rio Rita (1929), first smash hit for RKO (then releasing films under the "Radio Pictures" banner)
RKO
–
King Kong (1933), one of Hollywood's great spectacles
30.
Bodyguard (1948 film)
–
The drama features Lawrence Tierney and, in her final screen appearance, Priscilla Lane. Mike Carter is forced to resign from the Los Angeles Police Department after breaking some rules, before long, Carter has been accused of murder and is being hunted down by his former fellow officers. His file clerk and fiancée Doris Brewster believes in his innocence, Lawrence Tierney as Michael C. Wayne Pepe Hern as Pachuco Brian Baxter of The Guardian identified Bodyguard as one of Fleischers early RKO films that has stood the test of time. Michael Barrett of PopMatters rated it 6/10 and called it a trim little B film that’s an unpolished gem of late-40s noir, Bodyguard at the Internet Movie Database Bodyguard at AllMovie Bodyguard at the TCM Movie Database Bodyguard opening scenes on YouTube
Bodyguard (1948 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
31.
Juvenile delinquency
–
Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is participation in illegal behavior by minors. Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as detention centers. A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically below 18 years of age, depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for people under 18 to be charged and treated as adults. Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses, to property crimes, however, juvenile offending can be considered normative adolescent behavior. This is because most teens tend to offend by committing non-violent crimes, only once or a few times, repeated and/or violent offending is likely to lead to later and more violent offenses. When this happens, the offender often displayed antisocial behavior even before reaching adolescence, according to the developmental research of Moffitt, there are two different types of offenders that emerge in adolescence. Juvenile delinquency occurrences by males are largely disproportionate to the rate of occurrences by females and this great gap between the crimes reinforce the connotations of traditional masculinity to be the center of violence, aggression, and competition. This is largely based on the notion that as males, it is their duty to take what they feel they deserve through these means to define themselves and play the role of provider and independent figure. Because aggression is not a characteristic, it has caused more commotion when females perform crimes that are often attributed to males. The acts of delinquency begin with the expectations of their perceived roles through the direction of adults of both genders. Sandra Lee Bartky expresses these claims thoroughly in her work Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power by examining close observation of diction, action, and decorum. Boys learn to take as much space as possible when sitting, dress appropriately to stand out, thus, delinquent behavior is expressed as an outlet especially to those of lower socioeconomic backgrounds that cannot gain precedence through conventional means. Gender role for females is to become more unnoticeable, a follower that does not need to stand out, because of their condition to be more docile and dependent, the instinctive need to gain precedence is not as highly valued. Even respect comes in the form of different terms, as it is through how appropriately she conducts herself that seems innocent and this is also influenced by fellow peers such as mothers and other female figures apart from the authoritative male figure. In this instance, there is no need to urge to commit delinquency as the female is expected to rely on the male for his role as provider. It is through the act of needing to become dependent that enforces the feminine characteristics to seem as an alternative to delinquency, in fact, it has been largely stated that while masculinity induces such violent behavior, femininity is seen as the antithesis to delinquency. The answers were predominantly that males were to provide through aggressive terms, while females should be the more docile, the bipolarity assumption suggests that masculinity and femininity are opposites, and the assumption of unidimensionality implies that gender differences form a single scale. Interestingly, the impact of feminism has because the formation of a new trend as female delinquency has gone up
Juvenile delinquency
–
Criminology and
penology
Juvenile delinquency
–
1936 poster promoting planned housing as a method to deter juvenile delinquency, showing silhouettes of a child stealing a piece of fruit and a child involved in armed robbery.
32.
The Delinquents (1957 film)
–
The Delinquents is a 1957 American drama film written, produced, and directed by Robert Altman in his hometown of Kansas City, Missouri during the summer of 1956 on a $63,000 budget. Its not only the first film Altman directed, but also the first to star Tom Laughlin, at the drive-in alone one night, Scotty gets wrongly targeted by a gang who are looking for the person who slashed one of their tires. Cholly, a hot-rod greaser who heads a gang of carousing delinquents, Cholly cooks up the idea of posing as Janices new boyfriend and bringing her to meet Scotty the next night. The plan works well, and the teen crowd all meet at a mansion on the edge of town. However, the party out of hand with wild drinking and dancing. Soon after, the police appear and break up the drunken free-for-all. Eddy decides to hold up the station, but Scotty unknowingly bungles it when he wakes up, Cholly hits the station attendant on the head with a gas pump, and the gang speeds off, leaving Scotty behind with the cash and the attendant. Scotty staggers home, finds the gang has kidnapped Janice, has several fights, Scotty then goes to the police. Rhoden wanted to get into producing films and he had the distributing apparatus at hand and the necessary capital to invest. Although television was drawing out of the theaters, teenagers still frequented theaters. Common subjects of 1950s teen films included juvenile delinquency, rock and roll, horror, science fiction, Rhoden Jr. was one of the first independent exhibitors to note these shifts in the film industry and was determined to make it work for his business. Due to the “consent decree” component of the “Paramount Ruling”, the studios were constrained from booking their own chains by this antitrust ruling. But the Commonwealth circuit and other small independent film companies. Using several starting points such as Blackboard Jungle, The Wild One, Rhoden approved the script and gave Altman the go-ahead on the casting, scouting of locations, and so forth. However, hoping for a Hollywood-style film, Altman and Rhoden took a trip to California and they came up with Peter Miller from Blackboard Jungle to play Cholly, and Richard Bakalyan to play Eddy. A young Tom Laughlin was cast in the role of Scotty. Altman and Rhoden also came back from California with soundman Bob Post, Altman employed his friends and Calvin co-workers on the crew, including Reza Badiyi as assistant director/associate producer and his sister Joan as production manager. Through Kansas City native George Kuhn, one of the actors in the gang in the film
The Delinquents (1957 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
33.
United Artists
–
United Artists is an American film and television entertainment studio. The studio was bought, sold and restructured over the ensuing century. On December 14 of the year, however, MGM acquired the 48% stake of UAMG it did not own. UA was incorporated as a joint venture on February 5,1919, by Pickford, Chaplin, Fairbanks, each held a 20% stake, with the remaining 20% held by lawyer William Gibbs McAdoo. The idea for the venture originated with Fairbanks, Chaplin, Pickford, already Hollywood veterans, the four stars talked of forming their own company to better control their own work. They were spurred on by established Hollywood producers and distributors who were tightening their control over salaries and creative decisions. With the addition of Griffith, planning began, but Hart bowed out before anything was formalized, when he heard about their scheme, Richard A. Rowland, head of Metro Pictures, is said to have observed, The inmates are taking over the asylum. The four partners, with advice from McAdoo, formed their distribution company and its headquarters was established at 729 Seventh Avenue in New York City. The original terms called for each of the stars to produce five pictures each year, UAs first film was a success. Without selling stock to the public, following the other studios, as a result, production was slow and the company distributed an annual average of five films during its first five years. By 1924 Griffith had dropped out and the company was facing a crisis, veteran producer Joseph Schenck was hired as president. He had been producing pictures for a decade, and he brought commitments for films starring his wife, Norma Talmadge, his sister-in-law, Constance Talmadge, contracts were signed with independent producers, most notably Samuel Goldwyn, and Howard Hughes. In 1933, Schenck organized a new company with Darryl F. Zanuck, called Twentieth Century Pictures, Schenck formed a separate partnership with Pickford and Chaplin to buy and build theaters under the United Artists name. They began international operations, first in Canada and then in Mexico, by the end of the 1930s, United Artists was represented in over 40 countries. When he was denied a share in 1935, Schenck resigned. He set up 20th Century Pictures merger with Fox Film Corporation to form 20th Century Fox, al Lichtman succeeded Schenck as company president. Other independent producers distributed through United Artists in the 1930s including, Walt Disney Productions, Alexander Korda, Hal Roach, David O. Selznick, as the years passed, and the dynamics of the business changed, these producing partners drifted away. Samuel Goldwyn Productions and Disney went to RKO, and Wanger to Universal Pictures, in the late 1930s, UA turned a profit
United Artists
–
List of UA stockholders in 1920
United Artists
–
United Artists Media Group
United Artists
–
D.W. Griffith,
Mary Pickford,
Charlie Chaplin (seated) and Douglas Fairbanks at the signing of the contract establishing United Artists motion picture studio in 1919. Lawyers Albert Banzhaf (left) and Dennis F. O'Brien (right) stand in the background.
34.
Exploitation film
–
An exploitation film is a film that attempts to succeed financially by exploiting current trends, niche genres, or lurid content. Exploitation films are generally low-quality B movies, even so, they sometimes attract critical attention and cult followings. Some of these films, such as Night of the Living Dead, set trends, Exploitation films may feature suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, freaks, gore, the bizarre, destruction, rebellion, and mayhem. Such films were first seen in their form in the early 1920s. Their producers used sensational elements to attract audiences lost to television, since the 1990s, this genre has also received attention in academic circles, where it is sometimes called paracinema. Exploitation is very defined, and has more to do with the viewers perception of the film than with the films actual content. Titillating material and artistic content often coexist, as demonstrated by the fact that art films that failed to pass the Hays Code were often shown in the same grindhouses as exploitation films. Exploitation films share the fearlessness of acclaimed transgressive European directors such as Derek Jarman, Luis Buñuel, buñuels Un Chien Andalou contains elements of the modern splatter film. The audiences of art and exploitation film are considered to have tastes that reject the mainstream Hollywood offerings. Exploitation films have often exploited news events in the public consciousness that a major film studio may avoid because of the time required to produce a major film. Child Bride, for example, tackled the issue of older men marrying very young women in the Ozarks, other issues, such as drug use in films like Reefer Madness, attracted audiences that major film studios would usually avoid in order to keep their respectable, mainstream reputations. With enough incentive, however, major studios might become involved, as Warner Bros. did in their 1969 anti-LSD, the film Sex Madness portrayed the dangers of venereal disease from premarital sex. Mom and Dad, a 1945 film about pregnancy and childbirth, was promoted in lurid terms and she Shoulda Said No. combined the themes of drug use and promiscuous sex. Several war films were made about the Winter War in Finland, the Korean War, some Poverty Row low-budget B movies often exploit major studio projects. Their rapid production schedule allows them to advantage of publicity attached to major studio films. For example, Edward L. Ulmers film Beyond the Time Barrier, as a result, many major studios, producers, and stars keep their projects secret. Grindhouse is an American term for a theater that mainly showed exploitation films and it is thought to stem from the defunct burlesque theaters on 42nd Street, New York, where bump n grind dancing and striptease used to be on the bill. As the drive-in movie theater began to decline in the 1960s and 1970s, One solution was to book exploitation films
Exploitation film
–
Poster for a blaxploitation film
Exploitation film
–
A cannibal film
Exploitation film
–
A nazisploitation film
Exploitation film
–
A rape / revenge film
35.
The James Dean Story
–
The James Dean Story is a 1957 American documentary. Released two years after Deans death, the Warner Bros, martin Gabels narration was written by Stewart Stern, who scripted Deans Rebel Without a Cause, and a directing credit was shared by Robert Altman and George W. George. The music accompanying the film The James Dean Story was composed and conducted by Leith Stevens, an eponymous album containing this music was released by Capitol Records in 1957. The film is available on DVD, the James Dean Story at the Internet Movie Database
The James Dean Story
–
Soundtrack [edit]
36.
DuMont Television Network
–
The DuMont Television Network was one of the worlds pioneer commercial television networks, rivalling NBC and CBS for the distinction of being first overall in the United States. It was owned by DuMont Laboratories, an equipment and set manufacturer. DuMont Laboratories was founded in 1931 by Dr. Allen B, DuMont with only $1,000, and a laboratory in his basement. He and his staff were responsible for many technical innovations. The companys television sets became the gold standard of the industry. In 1942, DuMont worked with the Army in developing radar technology during World War II and this brought in $5 million for the company. Early sales of television sets were hampered by the lack of regularly scheduled programming being broadcast, a few months after selling his first set in 1938, DuMont opened his own New York area experimental television station in Passaic, New Jersey. In 1940, the moved to Manhattan as W2XWV on channel 4. Unlike CBS and NBC, which reduced their hours of television broadcasting during World War II, in 1944, W2XWV became WABD moving to channel 5 in 1945, the third commercial television station in New York. On May 19,1945, DuMont opened experimental W3XWT in Washington, a minority shareholder in DuMont Laboratories was Paramount Pictures, which had advanced $400,000 in 1939 for a 40% share in the company. Soon after his experimental Washington station signed on, DuMont began experimental coaxial cable hookups between his laboratories in Passaic, New Jersey, and his two stations. It is said one of those broadcasts on the hookup announced that the U. S. had dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. This was later considered to be the beginning of the DuMont Network by both Thomas T. Goldsmith, the networks chief engineer and DuMonts best friend, and DuMont himself. Regular network service began on August 15,1946, on WABD, in 1947, W3XWT became WTTG, named after Goldsmith. The pair were joined in 1949 by WDTV in Pittsburgh, ABC had just come into existence as a radio network in 1943 and did not enter network television until 1948, when it signed on a flagship station in New York City, WJZ-TV. CBS also waited until 1948 to begin network operations because it was waiting for the Federal Communications Commission to approve its color television system, despite no history of radio programming or stable of radio stars to draw on and perennial cash shortages, DuMont was an innovative and creative network. Without the radio revenues that supported mighty NBC and CBS, DuMont programmers relied on their wits, eventually, the network provided original programs that are remembered more than 60 years later. The network largely ignored the standard model of 1950s TV, in which one advertiser sponsored an entire show
DuMont Television Network
–
Still from
Rocky King, Inside Detective, one of DuMont's most popular programs
DuMont Television Network
–
DuMont Television Network
DuMont Television Network
–
WDTV broadcast of We, the People on April 18, 1952. The guest is
New York Yankees player
Bill Bevens.
DuMont Television Network
–
The
DuMont Building at 515 Madison Avenue in New York, with the original WABD broadcast tower still standing, 2008.
37.
The Sheriff of Cochise
–
Sheriff of Cochise is a Western-themed crime drama set in Cochise County, Arizona. Starring John Bromfield, the series aired episodes in syndication from September 1956 to January 1958. As U. S. Marshal, another sixty episodes aired from October 1958 to April 1960, Bromfield portrays law enforcement officer Frank Morgan. In the first two seasons, Morgan is the sheriff of Cochise County in southern Arizona, in the third season, Desilu Studios boss Desi Arnaz, Sr. retitled the series so that Morgan would work throughout Arizona as a U. S. Marshal and be involved in a number of cases. The first-season episodes were released under the alternative title, Man from Cochise. This program was produced by Desilu in association with National Telefilm Associates, stan Jones, author of the classic western song Ghost Riders in the Sky, created the series and played Bromfields top deputy, Harry Olson, in twenty-four episodes before he left the cast. In the first season, Frank Ferguson of the My Friend Flicka series appeared twice as Deputy Henry Murdock, also cast as deputies were Roy Engel, James Griffith, Sheriff of Cochise has been loosely compared to another contemporary crime drama, Highway Patrol, starring Broderick Crawford. It is also similar in theme and setting to Rod Camerons syndicated State Trooper, the Witnesses is the transitional episode leading to U. S. Marshal. In the story line, Sheriff Morgan transfers federal witnesses from Cochise County to the U. S. Marshals office in Tucson, the criminal element tries to gun down the witnesses, and the current marshal is mortally wounded. Morgan is then appointed as the new marshal, the episode features Joe De Santis, Chris Alcaide, and Roy Barcroft. The series was filmed about Bisbee, the county seat of Cochise County in the corner of Arizona. Sheriff of Cochise at the Internet Movie Database
The Sheriff of Cochise
–
John Bromfield as Frank Morgan
38.
Alfred Hitchcock
–
Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
Alfred Hitchcock
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Studio publicity photo, circa 1955.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Hitchcock (right) during the making of
Number 13 in London
Alfred Hitchcock
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Hitchcock with
Chandran Rutnam (centre) and Sri Lankan film maker Anton Wickremasinghe at the
Academy Awards in Los Angeles.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Cary Grant and
Ingrid Bergman in
Notorious (1946)
39.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
CBS
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Paley's management saw a twentyfold increase in gross income in his first decade.
CBS
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Wholesome
Kate Smith, Paley's choice for La Palina Hour, was unthreatening to home and hearth
CBS
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When
Charlie Chaplin finally allowed the world to hear his voice after 20 years of mime, he chose CBS's airwaves to do it on.
CBS
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CBS west coast headquarters reflected its industry stature while hosting its top Hollywood talent.
40.
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
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Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock, which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965. It featured dramas, thrillers, and mysteries, by the time it premiered on October 2,1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. Time magazine named it one of The 100 Best TV Shows of all time, the Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Pythons Flying Circus, Star Trek, The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. A series of anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series. Alfred Hitchcock Presents is well known for its title sequence, the camera fades in on a simple line-drawing caricature of Hitchcocks rotund profile. He then almost always says Good evening, the caricature drawing, which Hitchcock created, and the use of Gounods Funeral March of a Marionette as theme music have become indelibly associated with Hitchcock in popular culture. At least two versions of the opening were shot for every episode, a version intended for the American audience would often spoof a recent popular commercial or poke fun at the sponsor, leading into the commercial. An alternative version for European audiences would instead include jokes at the expense of Americans in general, for later seasons, opening remarks were also filmed with Hitchcock speaking in French and German for the shows international presentations. Hitchcock closed the show in much the way as it opened. He told TV Guide that his reassurances that the criminal had been apprehended were a necessary gesture to morality, Alfred Hitchcock Presents finished at #6 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1956–57 season, and at #12 in 1957–58, #24 in 1958–59 and #25 in 1959–60. Originally 25 minutes per episode, the series was expanded to 50 minutes in 1962, Hitchcock directed 17 of the 267 filmed episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents and one of the 50-minute episodes, I Saw the Whole Thing with John Forsythe. The last new episode aired on June 26,1965, in 1985, NBC aired a new TV movie pilot based upon the series, combining four newly filmed stories with colorized footage of Hitchcock from the original series to introduce each segment. The movie was a ratings success. Alfred Hitchcock Presents revival series debuted in the fall of 1985 and retained the format as the pilot. The new series lasted one season before NBC cancelled it. Other notable directors included Robert Altman, Ida Lupino, Stuart Rosenberg, Robert Stevenson, David Swift and William Friedkin, who ended up directing what would be the last episode. Alfred Hitchcock Presents,25 minutes long, aired weekly at 9,30 on CBS on Sunday nights from 1955 to 1960, and then at 8,30 on NBC on Tuesday nights from 1960 to 1962. It was followed by The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, which lasted for three seasons, September 1962 to June 1965, adding another 93 episodes to the 268 already produced for Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
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Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
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Cover of Alfred Hitchcock Presents Ghost Stories for Young People (Golden Records, 1962)
41.
Whirlybirds
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Whirlybirds is a syndicated American drama/adventure television series, which aired for 111 episodes — broadcast from February 4,1957, through January 18,1960. It was produced by Desilu Studios, the program features the exploits of Chuck Martin and Pete P. T. Moore, owners of a fictitious helicopter chartering company, Whirlybirds, Inc. in the American West. Martin and Moore sell their services to clients at the fictional airport Longwood Field. The Whirlybirds series was, like I Love Lucy, a product of Desilu Studios, one particular episode of I Love Lucy, Number 140, became pivotal to the Bell 47s public image as the definitive light helicopter of the 1950s. Down she goes on the hoist, in a studio sequence carefully staged using a 47G cabin mockup. Desilu Studios, intrigued by the Bell 47 and its manufacturer, the result of this collaboration became The Whirlybirds. Tobey and Hill did not fly the helicopters on the show and that task was handled by expert copter pilots Ed Fuderich, Bob Gilbreath, and Harry Hauss of National Helicopter Service, Inc. After production of the series ended, Kenneth Tobey reprised his role as Chuck Martin in episode #223 of the long-running TV series, entitled The Rescue, the Lassie episode was broadcast on October 2,1960. Chuck Martin uses a Bell 47G to rescue a trapped Timmy Martin, the series was originally supposed to air on CBS, but was instead put into syndication by CBS Films. The first four episodes were titled The Whirlybirds and the rest simply Whirlybirds, many episodes were directed by Harve Foster and Robert Altman. The creators were Art Napoleon and Jo Napoleon, the series was filmed on location in California. The production first used the Santa Susanna Airport in Simi Valley, the airport, no longer in existence, was near the Iverson Ranch, a dude ranch used to film westerns. Later episodes were filmed at the San Fernando Airport, which is now closed. Much of the area seen around both airports in the series has since been developed. The two helicopter types used were Bell models, a 47G and a 47J Ranger, the numbers were N975B and N2838B. In reality, many helicopters played the role of N975B, other Bell 47Gs owned by National Helicopter Service were used in the filming with N975B decals covering their actual registrations. Some copies of the series are sold on the internet, the U. S. National Archives possesses a complete set of original 16 mm prints. Considering the many generations of dubs made of series, the soundtracks of most episodes remain in relative high fidelity
Whirlybirds
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Whirlybirds
42.
The Millionaire (TV series)
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The Millionaire is an American anthology series that aired on CBS from 1955 to 1960. It was originally sponsored by Colgate-Palmolive and it told the stories of people who were given one million dollars from a benefactor who insisted they never knew him, with one exception. The series was known in syndication by two titles, as The Millionaire and as If You Had a Million, the 1932 film If I Had A Million had a similar plot to this TV show. The benefactor was named John Beresford Tipton, Jr and it was Anthonys job to deliver that check to its intended recipient. The unseen John Beresford Tipton was played by veteran character actor and voice artist. Miller was the only cast member who was seen in every episode, the Millionaire told the stories of Tiptons beneficiaries in flashback, as if from Anthonys case files. John Beresford Tipton, a wealthy and fascinating man, whose many hobbies included his habit of giving away one million dollars, tax free. From there, the camera faded to a tour of the grounds on which Tiptons home stood, as Anthony continued speaking, This is Silverstone. From here, he spent the years of his life pursuing many hobbies, often tied to his fascination with human nature. Mr. Tipton was a man of so many wide interests, the camera then showed Anthony entering Tiptons presence, invariably greeting him with, You sent for me, sir. Following the commercial break, Anthony, back in the present and behind his desk, exactly how Tipton chose whom to make an instant millionaire was never necessarily disclosed, although Tipton made it plain in the shows first episode exactly what his intentions were. Saying that he wanted to set up a new kind of game, with human beings, Tipton told Anthony, Im going to choose a number of people for my chessmen. No one is ever to know that I am the donor, once the document was signed and the thanks were given, Anthony disappeared from the beneficiarys life, never to return. The remainder of the episode showed how the gift affected the beneficiary, the beneficiaries were not always poor but could be from any social class or occupation, from secretaries and construction workers to professionals like doctors and lawyers. Nor were they likely to find their lives changed for the better because of their sudden wealth. The series ran for 206 episodes, and Tipton made 206 millionaires, however, the amount Tipton invested in his hobby was much more than $206 million, since, as Anthony told the recipient each week, The taxes have already been paid. Tipton did meet one beneficiary, a man condemned to be executed for a crime he never committed. He used a portion of his gift to prove his innocence, with direct help from Michael Anthony
The Millionaire (TV series)
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Michael Anthony (Marvin Miller) hands check to Betty Perkins (
Inger Stevens) in a 1956 episode
43.
The Roaring 20s (TV series)
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The Roaring 20s is an American drama television series that aired on ABC from October 15,1960, until January 20,1962. Mike Road played police Lieutenant Joe Switoski, other stars were James Flavin as Robert Howard and Louise Glenn as Gladys, who appear in thirty-three and thirty episodes, respectively. In its first year, The Roaring 20s faced competition from the Top 20 programs, Perry Mason on CBS and Bonanza on NBC. In the 1961-1962 season, however, Bonanza was shifted to Sunday, in 1960 Warner Bros. Records issued the mono soundtrack album The Roaring 20s to accompany the series. Musical direction was by Sandy Courage, lets Do It, Nagasaki, The Roaring Twenties The Roaring 20s at the Internet Movie Database The Roaring 20s at TV. com The Roaring 20s at epguides. com
The Roaring 20s (TV series)
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Donald May (Pat Garrison),
Dorothy Provine (Pinky Pinkham), and
Rex Reason (Scott Norris)
The Roaring 20s (TV series)
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Front cover of the 1960
WBS soundtrack album
44.
Bonanza
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Bonanza is an NBC television western series that ran from 1959 to 1973. The show continues to air in syndication, the show is set around the 1860s and it centers on the wealthy Cartwright family, who live in the area of Virginia City, Nevada, bordering Lake Tahoe. The series stars Lorne Greene, Dan Blocker, Michael Landon, Pernell Roberts, the show is known for presenting moral dilemmas. The shows theme song itself, called Bonanza, became a hit song in its own right, only instrumental renditions, absent Ray Evans words, were ever used during the series long run. In 2002, Bonanza was ranked No.43 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, the time period for the television series is roughly between 1861 to 1867 during and shortly after the American Civil War. During the summer of 1972, NBC aired reruns of episodes from the 1967–1970 period in time on Tuesday evening under the title Ponderosa. The show chronicles the adventures of the Cartwright family, headed by the thrice-widowed patriarch Ben Cartwright. Via exposition and flashback episodes, each wife was accorded a different ancestry, English, Swedish, the familys cook was the Chinese immigrant Hop Sing. Greene, Roberts, Blocker, and Landon were billed equally, the opening credits would alternate the order among the four stars. The family lived on a 600, 000+ acre ranch called the Ponderosa on the shore of Lake Tahoe in Nevada. The vast size of the Cartwrights land was quietly revised to half a million acres on Lorne Greenes 1964 song, the ranch name refers to the Ponderosa Pine, common in the West. The nearest town to the Ponderosa was Virginia City, where the Cartwrights would go to converse with Sheriff Roy Coffee, or his deputy Clem Foster. You always saw stories about family on comedies or on an anthology, but Bonanza was the first series that was week-to-week about a family, Bonanza was a period drama that attempted to confront contemporary social issues. That was very difficult to do on television, most shows that tried to do it failed because the sponsors didnt like it, and the networks were nervous about getting letters, explains Stephen Battaglio, a senior editor for TV Guide magazine. Episodes ranged from high drama, to comedy, and addressed issues such as the environment, substance abuse, domestic violence, anti-war sentiment. The series sought to illustrate the cruelty of bigotry against, Asians, African-Americans, Native Americans, Jews, Mormons, originally, the Cartwrights tended to be depicted as put-off by outsiders. Lorne Greene objected to this, pointing out that as the areas largest timber and livestock producer, the producers agreed with this observation and changed the Cartwrights to be more amiable. Though not familiar stars in 1959, the cast quickly became favorites of the first television generation, the order of billing at the beginning of the broadcast appeared to be shuffled randomly each week, with no relation whatsoever to the current episode featured that week
Bonanza
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The Bonanza title screen
Bonanza
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Pernell Roberts as Adam Cartwright (1959)
Bonanza
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Original cast: Dan Blocker, Michael Landon, Lorne Greene and Pernell Roberts (1959)
Bonanza
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Lorne Greene as Ben Cartwright
45.
Bus Stop (TV series)
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The program was adapted from William Inges play, Bus Stop, and Inge was a script consultant for the series, which followed the lives of travelers passing through the bus station and the diner. Roy Huggins, the head of production at 20th Century Fox, eight episodes were directed by Robert Altman. There were two Emmy Award nominations, Richard L, the series was preceded by Inges play and the 1956 film, Bus Stop, in which Marilyn Monroe and Don Murray had the lead roles. The sixth episode was the pilot, Cherie, the only episode directly based on Inges play. Joseph Cotten also starred in the episode as Dr. Lyman, lockwood appeared the same season as investigator Eric Jason in ABCs Follow the Sun and would star two years later as NBCs The Lieutenant. Weld had previously appeared as the materialistic teenager Thalia Menninger on CBSs The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis with Dwayne Hickman, the series premiere Afternoon of a Cowboy guest starred Steve Cochran, Anne Helm, Bethel Leslie, Chris Robinson, and Dean Stockwell. Diane Baker guest starred on October 15 in the episode The Resurrection of Annie Ahern, James Brolin had an uncredited role. Robert Redford guest starred as Art Ellison in the October 22 episode The Covering Darkness, on October 29, in Portrait of a Hero, the guest stars were John Larch and Rod Taylor. On November 19, Jack Warden and Nancy Gates guest starred in the episode Accessory by Consent, on November 26, Edgar Buchanan, Jack Carson, and Burt Mustin, also Gus the Firefighter in Leave It to Beaver, appeared in the episode The Man from Bootstrap. A Lion Walks Among Us led to a Congressional hearing on violence, the episode, initially titled Told By an Idiot, was directed by Altman. It starred Fabian as Luke Freeman, a seductive knife-wielding serial killer with Dianne Foster as Sally Wagner, the drama was adapted from Tom Wickers 1961 novel, The Judgment. And the Pursuit of Evil aired on December 17, with guest stars James MacArthur, on Christmas eve, the episode The Runaways, written by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. guest starred character actor Parley Baer and Joan Tompkins. On January 7, Steve Forrest and Beverly Garland starred in Summer Lightning, ellen Burstyn, Richard Conte, Jason Evers, and Nina Foch appeared in Cry to Heaven on January 14,1962. On January 21 in The Stubborn Stumbos, Claude Akins and Earl Holliman played feuding brothers, on January 28 in Turn Home Again, the guests were Ruth Roman, Jack Albertson, and Wendell Corey. On February 4 in How Does Charlie Feel, the guests included character actor J. Pat OMalley, Cliff Robertson, on February 11 in Put Your Dreams Away, Gary Merrill and Felicia Farr guest starred. The February 18 segment The Opposite Virtues stars Jeanette Nolan, Lew Ayres, George Hamilton, Robert F. Simon, the February 25 episode, The Ordeal of Kevin Brooke, stars Mark Stevens in the title role, with William Windom as Ed Henderson. Howard Duff and Pippa Scott guest starred on the March 4 episode Door Without a Key, flippen guest starred in the March 11 segment Verdict of Twelve. In County General on March 18, guest stars were Frank Lovejoy, the series finale, I Kiss Your Shadow, is a story of a man crushed by the memory of his wifes death in an automobile accident
Bus Stop (TV series)
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Marilyn Maxwell,
Tuesday Weld and
Gary Lockwood in "Cherie" (1961)
46.
Kraft Mystery Theater
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Kraft Television Theatre is an American drama/anthology television series that began May 7,1947 on NBC, airing at 7, 30pm on Wednesday evenings until December of that year. In January 1948, it moved to 9pm on Wednesdays, continuing in that timeslot until 1958, the program was broadcast live from Studio 8-H at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, currently the home of Saturday Night Live. Beginning October 1953, ABC added a series, created to promote Krafts new Cheez Whiz product. This series ran for sixteen months, telecast on Thursday evenings at 9, 30pm, after Kraft cancelled the second show, the second show changed its sponsor to become Ponds Theatre on ABC-TV from March 1955, while the original Kraft Theatre continued on NBC-TV. A prestige show for NBC, it launched the careers of more than a few actors, directors and playwrights, including future Emmy-winning, scott, Rod Steiger, Joan Tompkins, and Joanne Woodward. Announcers for the show were Ed Herlihy and Charles Stark, in 1958, young performers Martin Huston and Zina Bethune appeared in This Property Is Condemned, based on a Tennessee Williams play, the last show of Kraft Television Theatre. Directors for the series included Sidney Lumet, George Roy Hill, Fielder Cook, and John Boulting, Serling won an Emmy for scripting Patterns, the best remembered episode of the series. The drama had such an impact that it made history by staging a second live encore performance three weeks later and was developed as a feature film, also titled Patterns. In April 1958, Kraft sold the rights to David Susskinds Talent Associates, under that title, it continued until September 1958. However, this evolved into the 1963 filmed series Kraft Suspense Theatre. Between 1947 and 1958, the Kraft Television Theatre presented more than 650 comedies, the series finished #14 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1950-1951 season, #23 for 1951-1952 and #21 for 1953-1954. Excerpts from several 1947 episodes are part of a reel of 1947 television clips held by the Library of Congress, in addition, the Library of Congress holds a large number of complete episodes, including five from 1948. The American Heritage Center has a number of scripts from various episodes for the years 1947,1948 and these scripts, though authored by various people, were edited by Rice. Kraft Television Theatre at the Internet Movie Database Kraft Television Theatre at TV. com Kraft Mystery Theatre at CVTA with episode list
Kraft Mystery Theater
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Ed Begley, Everett Sloane and Richard Kiley in Rod Serling's Patterns on Kraft Television Theatre (1955)
47.
Combat!
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Combat. is an American television program that originally aired on ABC from 1962 until 1967. The show covered the lives of a squad of American soldiers fighting the Germans in France during World War II. The program starred Rick Jason as platoon leader Second Lieutenant Gil Hanley, the series was unusual in that Jason and Morrow would play the lead in alternating episodes. Premiered on ABC on October 2,1962, and was broadcast for five seasons, TVs longest-running World War II drama, Combat. The first four seasons, spanning 127 episodes, were produced in black and white, with the season,25 episodes long. The show was developed by Robert Pirosh, who wrote the pilot episode, according to Rick Jason, Our budgets for the first year, including pre-production, production, and post-production, was $127,500. In the fifth year we delivered them for $183,000 and our time schedules were six shooting days. Therefore, on a week, we took a week. Here and there, a segment went to seven shooting days, Jason said of the working conditions, In the first year of the show, Vic and I were given dressing room suites in a building that hadnt been renovated in twenty-five years. We also had no dressing rooms on the outdoor sets, Vic went on strike the beginning of the second year and things got much better. Wesley Britton wrote, The producers and directors of the series went the mile for establishing credibility. Then and now, viewers see motion picture quality photography as in the long shots very unlike most network television of the period and they had military advisors on hand to look over scripts and maps. The cast couldnt shave during the five day shoots to help the beard continuity, except for occasional dialogue, for the most part when the Krauts or Gerrys spoke, they did so in German. Recurring Characters, Season 1 only Fletcher Fist as Cpl. /Pvt, brockmeyer 7 episodes Joby Baker as Pvt. Kelly 3 episodes John Considine as Pvt, wayne Temple Jr.2 episodes Arnold Meritt as Pvt. Jerome Crown 3 episodes Dennis Robertson as Pvt, mcCall, William Bryant made three guest appearances throughout the first four seasons. Throughout the whole series, however, Paul Busch portrayed multiple characters, conlan Carter was nominated for an Emmy in 1964 for his portrayal of PFC Doc Walton. The majority of the guest stars appeared as additional squad members, in the first season, the then little-known Ted Knight and Frank Gorshin made appearances
Combat!
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1966-67 season color title card (With
Rick Jason)
Combat!
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Rick Jason (left) and Vic Morrow in a first season episode
Combat!
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Sal Mineo and Vic Morrow in a 1965 episode
Combat!
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Rick Jason and
Luise Rainer in 1965
48.
Hawaiian Eye
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Hawaiian Eye is an American detective television series that ran from October 1959 to April 1963 on the ABC television network. Private investigator Tracy Steele and his partner, Tom Lopaka, own Hawaiian Eye. Their principal client is the Hawaiian Village Hotel, which in exchange for security services, provides the agency with a private compound on the hotel grounds. Engineer turned detective Greg McKenzie, joins the agency later on as a full partner, Hawaiian Eye was one of several ABC/Warner Brothers Television detective series of the era situated in different exotic locales. Others included Hollywood-based 77 Sunset Strip, Bourbon Street Beat, set in New Orleans, in reality, all were shot on the Warner Brothers lot in Los Angeles, making it easy for characters—and sometimes whole scripts—to cross over. Although the shows arent spin-offs in the sense, Sunset was the first in this chain of exotic location detective series. In this regard, Hawaiian Eye was the most viable of the Sunset look-alikes, the shows debut coincided with several real-world developments that helped contribute to its longevity. Kaiser, whose real estate projects in Honolulu included building the complex originally known as Kaisers Hawaiian Village. The program did well in the ratings on Wednesday evenings, in its last season, it was placed on the Tuesday schedule opposite CBSs The Red Skelton Show and a new NBC Western drama Empire set on a modern New Mexico ranch. Skelton survived the competition, and Empire was cut to a program called Redigo the following season and was soon cancelled. Each episode in season 3 followed the Hanna-Barbera cartoon show, Top Cat, the series regulars, who were shown during the opening credits, are listed below in the order in which they debuted during the shows four-year run. Lt. Danny Quon, played by Mel Prestidge, was the Hawaiian Eyes main contact with the Honolulu Police Department, moke, played by Doug Mossman, was the chief uniformed security officer for Hawaiian Eye. He went by several variant names in the first season before the writers settled on one. Paul, played by Andre Philippe, was the MC at the Shell Bar in the Hawaiian Village Hotel, bert, played by Sam Rawlins, was the doorman at the Hawaiian Village Hotel. Teo, played by actors including Ralph Hanalei and Keone, was a uniformed security guard for the Hawaiian Eye agency. Roy Hondine, played by Rush Williams, was a columnist for a major Honolulu newspaper, sunny Day, played by Tina Cole, was a singer at the Shell Bar in the Hawaiian Village Hotel. The role was created after Connie Stevens temporarily left the series in the season over a contract dispute. Alika, played by Makee K. Blaisdell, was a detective for the Hilo police force, bubbles Smith, played by Karen Griffin, was a temporary girlfriend of Tom Lopaka in several second-season episodes
Hawaiian Eye
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Robert Conrad,
Connie Stevens,
Anthony Eisley, and Poncie Ponce in Hawaiian Eye
