1.
Documentary film
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A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
2.
Public Broadcasting Service
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcaster and television program distributor headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid 2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. Founded by Hartford N. Gunn Jr, in 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. Each station is charged with the responsibility of programming content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule
3.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Princeton University
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Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, then to the current site nine years later, Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States. The university has graduated many notable alumni, two U. S. Presidents,12 U. S. Supreme Court Justices, and numerous living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princetons alumni body. New Light Presbyterians founded the College of New Jersey in 1746 in order to train ministers, the college was the educational and religious capital of Scots-Irish America. In 1754, trustees of the College of New Jersey suggested that, in recognition of Governors interest, gov. Jonathan Belcher replied, What a name that would be. In 1756, the moved to Princeton, New Jersey. Its home in Princeton was Nassau Hall, named for the royal House of Orange-Nassau of William III of England, following the untimely deaths of Princetons first five presidents, John Witherspoon became president in 1768 and remained in that office until his death in 1794. During his presidency, Witherspoon shifted the focus from training ministers to preparing a new generation for leadership in the new American nation. To this end, he tightened academic standards and solicited investment in the college, in 1812, the eighth president the College of New Jersey, Ashbel Green, helped establish the Princeton Theological Seminary next door. The plan to extend the theological curriculum met with approval on the part of the authorities at the College of New Jersey. Today, Princeton University and Princeton Theological Seminary maintain separate institutions with ties that include such as cross-registration. Before the construction of Stanhope Hall in 1803, Nassau Hall was the sole building. The cornerstone of the building was laid on September 17,1754, during the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the countrys capital for four months. The class of 1879 donated twin lion sculptures that flanked the entrance until 1911, Nassau Halls bell rang after the halls construction, however, the fire of 1802 melted it. The bell was then recast and melted again in the fire of 1855, James McCosh took office as the colleges president in 1868 and lifted the institution out of a low period that had been brought about by the American Civil War. McCosh Hall is named in his honor, in 1879, the first thesis for a Doctor of Philosophy Ph. D. was submitted by James F. Williamson, Class of 1877. In 1896, the officially changed its name from the College of New Jersey to Princeton University to honor the town in which it resides
6.
Princeton, New Jersey
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As of the 2010 United States Census, the municipalitys population was 28,572, reflecting the former townships population of 16,265, along with the 12,307 in the former borough. Princeton was founded before the American Revolution and is best known as the location of Princeton University, Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to major highways that serve both cities, and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jerseys capital city, the governor of New Jerseys official residence has been in Princeton since 1945, when Morven in the borough became the first Governors mansion. It was later replaced by the larger Drumthwacket, a mansion located in the former Township. Morven became a property of the New Jersey Historical Society. Princeton was ranked 15th of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live, although residents of Princeton traditionally have a strong community-wide identity, the community had been composed of two separate municipalities, a township and a borough. The central borough was completely surrounded by the township, the Borough contained Nassau Street, the main commercial street, most of the University campus, and incorporated most of the urban area until the postwar suburbanization. The Borough and Township had roughly equal populations, the Lenni Lenape Native Americans were the earliest identifiable inhabitants of the Princeton area. Europeans founded their settlement in the part of the 17th century. The first European to find his home in the boundaries of the town was Henry Greenland. He built his house in 1683 along with a tavern, in this drinking hole representatives of West Jersey and East Jersey met to set boundaries for the location of the township. Originally, Princeton was known only as part of nearby Stony Brook, James Leonard first referred to the town as Princetown, when describing the location of his large estate in his diary. The town bore a variety of names subsequently, including, Princetown, Princes Town, although there is no official documentary backing, the town is considered to be named after King William III, Prince William of Orange of the House of Nassau. Another theory suggests that the name came from a large land-owner named Henry Prince, a royal prince seems a more likely eponym for the settlement, as three nearby towns had similar names, Kingston, Queenstown and Princessville. When Richard Stockton, one of the founders of the township, died in 1709 he left his estate to his sons, who helped to expand property, based on the 1880 United States Census, the population of the town comprised 3,209 persons. Local population has expanded from the nineteenth century, according to the 2010 Census, Princeton Borough had 12,307 inhabitants, while Princeton Township had 16,265. Aside from housing the university of the name, the settlement suffered the revolutionary Battle of Princeton on its soil
7.
Princeton High School (New Jersey)
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Students from Cranbury Township attend PHS as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Cranbury School District. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges, as of the 2014-15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,519 students and 126.0 classroom teachers, for a student–teacher ratio of 12.1,1. There were 105 students eligible for free lunch and 25 eligible for reduced-cost lunch, PHS is notable for its high academic standards and strong arts programs that rival many of the nations private schools. The school consistently ranks amongst the top public high schools in the state concerning SAT scores. Princeton High is located between Moore Street and Walnut Lane, the district middle school, John Witherspoon Middle School, is located across from the high school athletic fields on Walnut Lane. The school offers 200 courses in subjects and levels, including most of the courses in the Advanced Placement Program. More than 70% of students take at least one AP or accelerated course, the school contains over 250 classrooms, several equipped science labs, two gymnasiums, a performing arts center, a fitness center, a garden, athletic turf and tennis courts. The schools principal is Gary R. Snyder, and its assistant principals are Jessica Baxter, Jared Warren, nationally, Princeton High School ranked in Newsweeks top high school list in 2004,2005,2006,2007,2008, and 2009. In The Washington Postss Most Challenging High Schools list, PHS ranked in 2011,2012,2013, in U. S. News & World Report, Princeton High School was ranked in 2009,2010 and 2014. In 2007, The Wall Street Journal, ranking the high schools based on a percentage of 2007 high school seniors sent to eight selective colleges. PHS was the second highest ranked publicly funded school, with a total of 31 students matriculating to those schools, statewide, New Jersey Monthlys Top Public High Schools has ranked Princeton High in 2006,2008,2010,2012 and 2014. Schooldigger ranked the school in 2011,2013 and 2014, the 2009 U. S News & World Report ranked Princeton High as the highest ranked open-admissions high school in New Jersey. School is held Monday through Friday from 7,51 a. m. -2,51 p. m. for 180 days per year, there are four minutes between each class period for the students to get to their next class. Every Wednesday, and on days when special events are planned, students attend 35 minute class periods, and homeroom and break periods are not shortened. Short Wednesdays exist to permit the operation of the mandatory freshmen Peer Group program between 1,49 and 2,51, the school days are assigned letter labels, cycling from A through G. This is done to accommodate double periods for science classes, which are scheduled so there is a gym class during the preceding or following period. For two out of seven days the science class meets two periods in a row to give the class opportunity for a lab experiment. For example, if a student has lab on B and F days, he or she not have gym, health or drivers education on those cycle days
8.
Sorbonne University
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The University of Paris, metonymically known as the Sorbonne, was a university in Paris, France. Emerging around 1150 as an associated with the cathedral school of Notre Dame de Paris. Vast numbers of popes, royalties, scientists and intellectuals were educated at the University of Paris, following the turbulence of the French Revolution, education was suspended in 1793 whereafter its faculties were partly reorganised by Napoleon as the University of France. In 1896, it was renamed again to the University of Paris, in 1970, following the May 1968 events, the university was divided into 13 autonomous universities. Others, like Panthéon-Sorbonne University, chose to be multidisciplinary, in 1150, the future University of Paris was a student-teacher corporation operating as an annex of the Notre-Dame cathedral school. The university had four faculties, Arts, Medicine, Law, the Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank, but also the largest, as students had to graduate there in order to be admitted to one of the higher faculties. The students were divided into four nationes according to language or regional origin, France, Normandy, Picardy, the last came to be known as the Alemannian nation. Recruitment to each nation was wider than the names might imply, the faculty and nation system of the University of Paris became the model for all later medieval universities. Under the governance of the Church, students wore robes and shaved the tops of their heads in tonsure, students followed the rules and laws of the Church and were not subject to the kings laws or courts. This presented problems for the city of Paris, as students ran wild, students were often very young, entering the school at age 13 or 14 and staying for 6 to 12 years. Three schools were especially famous in Paris, the palatine or palace school, the school of Notre-Dame, the decline of royalty brought about the decline of the first. The other two were ancient but did not have much visibility in the early centuries, the glory of the palatine school doubtless eclipsed theirs, until it completely gave way to them. These two centres were much frequented and many of their masters were esteemed for their learning, the first renowned professor at the school of Ste-Geneviève was Hubold, who lived in the tenth century. Not content with the courses at Liège, he continued his studies at Paris, entered or allied himself with the chapter of Ste-Geneviève, and attracted many pupils via his teaching. Distinguished professors from the school of Notre-Dame in the century include Lambert, disciple of Fulbert of Chartres, Drogo of Paris, Manegold of Germany. Three other men who added prestige to the schools of Notre-Dame and Ste-Geneviève were William of Champeaux, Abélard, humanistic instruction comprised grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. To the higher instruction belonged dogmatic and moral theology, whose source was the Scriptures and it was completed by the study of Canon law. The School of Saint-Victor arose to rival those of Notre-Dame and Ste-Geneviève and it was founded by William of Champeaux when he withdrew to the Abbey of Saint-Victor
9.
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
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The school was founded by the noted acting teacher Lee Strasberg in 1969 to teach and promote the techniques of method acting. The Institute has a relationship with the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, the institute is currently under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasbergs widow. Actors Studio Group Theatre Stanislavskis system Explanatory notes Citations Official website Tsunoda, teens Try Method Acting Exercises, The Milwaukee Journal Green Sheet, pp. 1–2
10.
Nuclear weapons testing
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Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability of nuclear weapons. Throughout the twentieth century, most nations that developed nuclear weapons tested them, the first nuclear device was detonated as a test by the United States at the Trinity site on July 16,1945, with a yield approximately equivalent to 20 kilotons of TNT. The first thermonuclear weapon technology test of engineer device, codenamed Mike, was tested at the Enewetak atoll in the Marshall Islands on November 1,1952, also by the United States. The largest nuclear weapon ever tested was the Tsar Bomba of the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya on October 30,1961, with the largest yield ever seen, the treaty permitted underground nuclear testing. France continued atmospheric testing until 1974, and China continued until 1980, underground tests in the United States continued until 1991, the Soviet Union until 1990, the United Kingdom until 1991, and both China and France until 1996. Non-signatories India and Pakistan last tested nuclear weapons in 1998, North Korea conducted nuclear tests in 2006,2009,2013, and 2016. The most recent confirmed nuclear test occurred in September 2016 in North Korea, Nuclear weapons tests have historically been divided into four categories reflecting the medium or location of the test. Atmospheric testing designates explosions that take place in the atmosphere, Nuclear explosions close enough to the ground to draw dirt and debris into their mushroom cloud can generate large amounts of nuclear fallout due to irradiation of the debris. This definition of atmospheric is used in the Limited Test Ban Treaty, underground testing refers to nuclear tests conducted under the surface of the earth, at varying depths. True underground tests are intended to be contained and emit a negligible amount of fallout. Unfortunately these nuclear tests do occasionally vent to the surface, producing from nearly none to considerable amounts of debris as a consequence. In 1976, the United States and the USSR agreed to limit the maximum yield of underground tests to 150 kt with the Threshold Test Ban Treaty. Underground testing also falls into two categories, tunnel tests in generally horizontal tunnel drifts, and shaft tests in vertically drilled holes. Exoatmospheric testing refers to tests conducted above the atmosphere. The test devices are lifted on rockets, underwater testing results from nuclear devices being detonated underwater, usually moored to a ship or a barge. Tests of this nature have usually been conducted to evaluate the effects of weapons against naval vessels. Another way to nuclear tests are by the number of explosions that constitute the test.1 second. The USSR has exploded up to eight devices in a single salvo test, Pakistans second, almost all lists in the literature are lists of tests, in the lists in Wikipedia, the lists are of explosions
11.
Bikini Atoll
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Bikini Atoll is an atoll in the Marshall Islands which consists of 23 islands totaling 3.4 square miles surrounding a deep 229. 4-square-mile central lagoon. It is at the end of the Ralik Chain, approximately 87 kilometres northwest of Ailinginae Atoll and 850 kilometres northwest of Majuro. Within Bikini Atoll, Bikini, Eneu, Nam, and Enidrik islands comprise just over 70% of the land area, Bikini and Eneu are the only islands of the atoll that hosted a permanent population. Bikini Island is the northeastern most and largest islet, before World War II, the atoll was known by its German name, Eschscholtz Atoll. The islands English name is derived from the German colonial name Bikini given to the atoll when it was part of German New Guinea. The German name is transliterated from the Marshallese name for the island, Pikinni, Pik meaning surface and Ni meaning coconut, before the advent of Western influence, the Bikini islanders sustenance-based lifestyle was based on cultivating native plants and eating shellfish and fish. They were skilled builders and navigators, sailing the two-hulled proa to and from islets around the Bikini. The islanders were relatively isolated and had developed a society bound by close extended family association and tradition. Every lagoon was led by a king and queen and a following of chieftains, some of the leaders maintained Asian-style bungalows and maintained servants, including secretaries, maids, and valets. The islanders worked the plantations under the watchful eye of the Japanese. Chiefs could retain as much as $20,000 per year, the Marshall islanders were formerly aggressive, but the influence of the mission churches eliminated most conflict. They took pride in extending hospitality to one another, even distant relatives, the men wore a fringe skirt of native materials about 25 to 30 inches long. Women traditionally wore two mats about a square each, made by weaving pandanus and hibiscus leaves together. The Christian missionaries who began arriving in the late 19th century influenced the islanders notions of modesty, in 1919, a visitor reported that Marshall Islands women are perfect models of prudery. Not one would think of exposing her ankles, women in the Marshall Islands today are still very modest. They believe that a womans thighs and shoulders should be covered, women generally wear cotton muʻumuʻus or similar clothing that covers most of the body. Personal health is never discussed except within the family, and women are especially private about female-related health issues, Marshall island women swim in muʻumuʻus which are made of a fine polyester that quickly dries. In the capital of Majuro, revealing cocktail dresses are inappropriate for both islanders and guests, with the increasing influence of Western media, the younger generation may wear shorts, though the older generation equates shorts with loose morals
12.
Pandora's Promise
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Pandoras Promise is a 2013 documentary film about the nuclear power debate, directed by Robert Stone. In fact, according to records at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Basel, Switzerland, according to the report that UNSCEAR presented to the UN General Assembly in 2011, concerning Chernobyl, that accident was responsible for 46 deaths. So nuclear power is not just relatively safe, it is the way to make electricity. The title is derived from the ancient Greek myth of Pandora, anti-nuclear advocate Helen Caldicott is questioned and along with Harvey Wasserman appears briefly at the beginning. Historic clips of Jane Fonda, Ralph Nader and Amory Lovins speaking are used, richard Branson is credited as an executive producer, as are Paul and Jody Allen, whose production company, Vulcan Productions, helped provide financial support. A total of $1.2 million was raised to finance the film, particularly through Impact Partners, mr. Stone said the money came mainly from wealthy “tech heads” who have worked in Silicon Valley. Rickover Stock footage and movie clips are used throughout Pandoras Promise to enhance the narrative, scenes are shown of a No Nukes concert, Margaret Thatcher addressing the United Nations General Assembly, and from the drafting of the Kyoto Protocol. Movie/TV sources include, A Is for Atom, Our Friend the Atom, The China Syndrome, the film poster depicts a piece of metallic enriched uranium with the caption What if this cube could power your entire life. In January 2013 it was shown at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, in March 2013 it was shown at the True/False Film Festival. In June 2013 it won the Sheffield Doc/Fest Green Award for best addressing environmental challenges. In April 2013, it was announced that CNN Films had obtained the US television rights to Pandoras Promise, it was shown on CNN in the US on November 7,2013 and it was released on Region 2 DVD in December 2013. A DVD via Alive Mind Cinema was announced for 24 June 2014 and it is also available via various digital distribution services. Reactions to the film have been mixed, if not polarized, friends of the Earth Australia has denounced the movie as propaganda. Owen Gleiberman lauded it as radically sane, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. characterized it as an elaborate hoax and a big lie. Edwin Lyman of the Union of Concerned Scientists was critical of various less-than-half truths, michael Moore discussed the film with director Robert Stone in front of an audience at the Traverse City Film Festival in July 2013. Quiggin says that we need more energy efficiency and more renewable energy commercialization, christine Todd Whitman described it as a very important, impactful film that should be seen by as wide an audience as possible. Terry Tempest Williams stated this film’s strength was not that it changed my mind, which it did not, eric Zorn noted shortcomings, but hailed it as the most important movie about the environment since An Inconvenient Truth. Robert Stone, Director of PANDORAS PROMISE on YouTube, answering questions about the film at the FCCJ, the Education of an Environmentalist by Robert Stone,2016
13.
Entertainment Weekly
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Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
14.
World War III (film)
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World War III is a 1998 German television mockumentary, directed by Robert Stone and distributed by ZDF. An English version, in collaboration with The Learning Channel, was made as well, the film mixes real footage of world leaders and archive footage of combat exercises and news events, with newly shot footage of citizens, soldiers and political staff. The movie opens with clips of the US military scrambling to respond to a Soviet nuclear attack, daniel Schorr, reporting in front of the White House, is vaporized when a nuclear weapon detonates. In the summer of 1989, East Germany is in turmoil, many citizens are dissatisfied with their nation’s communist leadership and demand pro-Western reforms. They also seek unification with West Germany, on October 7, Mikhail Gorbachev, a supporter of those reforms, visits East Berlin. Soshkin and the hard-liners fiercely resist the rise of glasnost and perestroika and they are determined to end the uprisings in East Germany and the rest of the Eastern Bloc with a swift Chinese-style military crackdown in late October. The crackdown inflames popular opposition to communism, in late November, a demonstration in Leipzig is brutally repressed by the Red Army at great loss of life. Those soldiers also fire shots over the wall into West Berlin, soon after, the East German government responds to the international condemnation of their conduct by ordering all foreign journalists out of the country. In mid-December, the Western Allies airlift military reinforcements to West Berlin, soon after, US Secretary of State James Baker arrives in West Berlin to secretly meet with General Dmitry Leonov, the Soviet commander in East Germany, who strongly opposes Soshkins crackdown. However, on the way to the meeting, Leonov is killed by a car bomb, after an interview with West German TV in which Soshkin implicitly threatens West Berlin, an American colonel orders that tactical nuclear weapons in West Germany be placed on high alert. Soshkin responds with new threats, a deployment of the Soviet submarine fleet. On January 25,1990, Soshkin implements Operation Thunderbolt, Eastern troops cut off transportation and supply links between West Germany and West Berlin, and the Soviet Air Force mobilizes to close off East Germanys airspace. Soshkin hopes the plan will prevent the West from entering into the Eastern sphere of influence, NATO forces start a full-scale deployment into West Germany, and many citizens in West Germany are preparing shelters should the worst come. As the United States prepares their first military convoy across the North Atlantic, Soshkin desires to cut off Western Europe and weaken the NATO buildup. The US and Britain condemn the blockade and declare it to be an act of hostility, on February 18, the United States Navy violates the blockade, and US ships are attacked by Soviet forces. Nearly a quarter of the convoy is lost in the battle before American. War at this point seems inevitable, the world panics after the failed summit and the United States dispatches Martin Jacobs to the Soviet Union for last ditch effort talks with Soshkin. Soshkin refuses him utterly, and thus, World War III begins, on March 12, Soshkin orders a full-scale amphibious landing near Kiel on the Baltic coast
15.
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
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The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and museum of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States. Designed by the architect I. M, the library and museum were dedicated in 1979 by President Jimmy Carter and members of the Kennedy family. It can be reached from nearby Interstate 93 or via shuttle bus or walk from the JFK/UMass stop on the Boston subways Red line. At the time there were four other Presidential Libraries, the Hoover Presidential Library, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, the Truman Library. They were all scattered around the country in small towns from New York to Iowa, Kennedy had not decided on any design concept yet, but he felt that the existing presidential libraries were placed too far away from scholarly resources. Kennedy chose a plot of land next to the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, the building would face the Charles River which was a few feet away, and on the other side of which, the dormitories that included Winthrop House where Kennedy spent his upperclassman days. Therefore, the building would have the word museum appended to its name, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, after President Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963, his family and friends discussed how to construct a library that would serve as a fitting memorial. A committee was formed to advise Kennedys widow Jacqueline, who would make the final decision, the group deliberated for months, and visited with architects from around the world including Pietro Belluschi and others from the United States, Brazils Lucio Costa, and Italys Franco Albini. Mrs. Kennedy and others met with the candidates together at the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis, Massachusetts, the committee also conducted a secretive process whereby the architects voted anonymously for the most capable of their colleagues. Progress on the building shortly after his death. On January 13,1964, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy announced that a taped oral-history project was to be undertaken for inclusion in the library, the project would feature administration staff, friends, family, and politicians from home and abroad. Large donations came from the Hispanic world with Venezuela pledging $100,000, the oral-history project also began recording, starting with Jacqueline Kennedy and Robert Kennedy. Originally projected to consist of interviews with 150 people,178 had agreed to participate, some notable donations include $900,000 handed over to Postmaster General John A. Gronouski on July 9,1964. It was the sum of a campaign encompassing 102 Federal agencies, Gronouski said many of the Federal employee contributions were in the form of a $5 withholding each payday for a period of three years. The next day the Indian ambassador to the United States, Braj Kumar Nehru, presented Black with a check for $100,000 during a ceremony at the River Club. Nehru said that the Indian people were hit by a sad blow when the President died, and he desired for Indian students abroad in the United States to use the library, then still planned for construction at Harvard along the banks of the Charles River. On December 13,1964, the Kennedy family announced that I. M. Pei was unanimously chosen by a subcommittee as the architect of the library. Even though Pei was relatively unknown amongst the list of candidates, Mrs. Pei did not have a design yet, but the idea as described by Robert Kennedy was to “stimulate interest in politics. ”Meanwhile, the suggestion that Harvard may not be a suitable site for the library had begun cropping up
16.
Hudson Valley
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The Hudson Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U. S. state of New York, from the cities of Albany and Troy southward to Yonkers in Westchester County. In the Hudson Highlands, the river enters a cut during previous ice ages. To the west lie the extensive Appalachian highlands, in the Tappan Zee region, the west side of the river has high cliffs produced by an erosion-resistant diabase, these cliffs range from 400–800 feet in height. The Hudson Valley is one section of the larger Ridge-and-Valley province. The northern portions of the Hudson Valley fall within the Eastern Great Lakes, during the last ice age, the valley was filled by a large glacier that pushed south as far as Long Island. Near the end of the last ice age, the Great Lakes drained south down the Hudson River, Lake Ontario is the remnant of that Lake. Large sand deposits remain from where Lake Iroquois drained into the Hudson, the first Dutch settlement was in the 1610s with the establishment of Fort Nassau, a trading post south of modern-day Albany, with the purpose of exchanging European goods for beaver pelts. Fort Nassau was later replaced by Fort Orange, during the French and Indian War in the 1750s, the northern end of the valley became the bulwark of the British defense against French invasion from Canada via Lake Champlain. The valley became one of the regions of conflict during the American Revolution. Part of the strategy of the British was to sever the colonies in two by maintaining control of the river. In 1797, the capital of New York was established permanently at Albany. Following the building of the Erie Canal, the became an important industrial center. The canal opened the Hudson Valley and New York City to commerce with the Midwest, however, in the mid 20th century, many of the industrial towns went into decline. The area is associated with the Hudson River School, a group of American Romantic painters who worked from about 1830 to 1870, a similar 30-mile stretch of the east bank in Dutchess and Columbia counties has been designated a National Historic Landmark. Tourism became an industry as early as 1810, as elite visitors frequented the mineral water at Ballston Spa. With convenient steamboat connections in New York City, and numerous hotels in romantic settings. Early guidebooks providing suggestions on their itinerary, middle-class people who read James Fenimore Coopers novels, or saw the paintings of the Hudson River School, were especially attracted. Hudson Valley Tech Valley is a name for the eastern part of New York State, including the Hudson Valley
17.
Symbionese Liberation Army
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The United Federated Forces of the Symbionese Liberation Army was an American self-styled left-wing revolutionary organization active between 1973 and 1975 that considered itself a vanguard army. The group committed bank robberies, two murders, and other acts of violence, the SLA became internationally notorious for the kidnapping of heiress Patty Hearst, abducting the 19-year-old from Berkeley, California. Interest increased when Hearst, in audiotaped messages delivered to news media. Hearst later said that members of the terrorist group threatened to kill her, held her in close confinement and this political symbiosis DeFreeze describes means the unity of all left-wing struggles, feminist, anti-racist, anti-capitalist, and others. DeFreeze wanted all races, genders, and ages to fight together in a united front. DeFreeze was the SLAs only black member and his seven-headed SLA cobra symbol was based on the seven principles of Kwanzaa, with each head representing a principle. The Swahili words for these seven principles are, Umoja, Kujichagulia, Ujima, Ujamaa, Nia, Kuumba, the particular graphic of the seven-headed cobra used by the SLA may have been copied from an illustration in The Lost Continent of Mu by James Churchward. The SLA formed as a result of the prison visitation programs of the radical left-wing group Venceremos Organization, some activists within the New Left and the social justice movements compared the U. S. prison system to concentration camps designed to oppress African Americans. They believed that a majority of African-American convicts were political prisoners, group member Willie Wolfe developed this ideology into a plan for action, linking student activists with prison militants. The SLA formed after the escape from prison by Donald DeFreeze and he had been serving five-to-15 years for robbing a prostitute. DeFreeze took the name Cinque from the leader of the rebellion who took over the slave ship Amistad in 1839. DeFreeze escaped from Soledad State Prison on March 5,1973, DeFreeze has been accused by some sources of being an informant from 1967 to 1969 for the Public Disorder Intelligence Unit of the Los Angeles Police Department. He sought refuge among these contacts, and ended up at a known as Peking House in the San Francisco Bay Area. For some time he shared living quarters with future SLA members Willie Wolfe and Russell Little, DeFreeze and Soltysik became lovers and began to outline the plans for founding the Symbionese Nation. The hollow-point bullets used to kill Foster had been packed with cyanide, the SLA had condemned Foster for his plan to introduce identification cards into Oakland schools, calling him fascist. In fact, Foster had opposed the use of cards in his schools. An African American, Foster was popular on the Left and in the black community, on January 10,1974, Joseph Remiro and Russell Little were arrested and charged with Fosters murder, and initially both men were convicted of murder. Both men received sentences of life imprisonment, seven years later, on June 5,1981, Littles conviction was overturned by the California Court of Appeal, and he was later acquitted in a retrial in Monterey County
18.
Earth Days
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Earth Days is a 2009 documentary film about the history of the environmental movement in the United States, directed by Robert Stone and distributed by Zeitgeist Films in theaters. Earth Days premiered on US television April 192010 as part of the American Experience series on PBS, Earth Days combines personal testimony and archival media. Also included are Richard Nixon, former Governor of California Jerry Brown, Jimmy Carter, Denis Hayes, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, closing night film,2009 Sundance Film Festival The Sheffield Green Award,2009 Sheffield Doc/Fest Environmentalism Radio Bikini Biophilia hypothesis Catching the Sun Official website Earth Days. Earth Days at the Internet Movie Database Uprising Radio interview with Robert Stone
19.
Stewart Brand
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Stewart Brand is an American writer, best known as editor of the Whole Earth Catalog. He founded a number of organizations, including The WELL, the Global Business Network, and he is the author of several books, most recently Whole Earth Discipline, An Ecopragmatist Manifesto. He studied biology at Stanford University, graduating in 1960 and he was married to Lois Jennings, an Ottawa Native American and mathematician. As a soldier in the U. S. Army, he was a parachutist and taught infantry skills, Brand has lived in California since the 1960s. He and his wife live on Mirene, a 64-foot -long working tugboat. Built in 1912, the boat is moored in a shipyard in Sausalito. He works in Mary Heartline, a fishing boat about 100 yards away. A favorite item of his is a table on which Otis Redding is said to have written “ The Dock of the Bay”, through engaging in scholarship and by visiting numerous Indian reservations, Brand familiarized himself with the Native Americans of the West. Native Americans have continued to be an important cultural interest, one which has continually re-emerged in Brands work in various ways, by the mid-1960s, Brand became associated with author Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters. With his partner Zach Stewart, he produced the Trips Festival in San Francisco and this was one of the first venues at which the Grateful Dead performed in San Francisco. About 10,000 hippies attended, and Haight-Ashbury soon emerged as a community, tom Wolfe describes Brand in the beginning of his 1968 book, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. In 1966, Brand campaigned to have NASA release the satellite image of the entire Earth as seen from space. He sold and distributed buttons for 25 cents each asking, Why havent we seen a photograph of the whole Earth yet, during this campaign, Brand met Richard Buckminster Fuller, who offered to help Brand with his projects. In 1967, a satellite, ATS-3, took the photo, Brand thought the image of our planet would be a powerful symbol. It adorned the first edition of the Whole Earth Catalog, later in 1968, a NASA astronaut took an Earth photo, Earthrise, from Moon orbit, which became the front image of the spring 1969 edition of the Catalog. 1970 saw the first celebration of Earth Day, during a 2003 interview, Brand explained that the image gave the sense that Earth’s an island, surrounded by a lot of inhospitable space. And it’s so graphic, this blue, white, green. During the late 1960s and early 1970s about 10 million Americans were involved in living communally, Brand and his wife Lois travelled to communes in a 1963 Dodge truck known as the Whole Earth Truck Store, which moved to a storefront in Menlo Park, California
20.
Barry Brook (scientist)
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Barry William Brook is an Australian scientist. He is an ARC Australian Laureate Professor and Chair of Environmental Sustainability at the University of Tasmania in the Faculty of Science and he was also Director of Climate Science at the Environment Institute. He is known for his work in ecological models, conservation biology, paleoecology, sustainable energy. Brook established the popular blog Brave New Climate in 2008 and posts regularly, guest bloggers also feature and BNC occasionally republishes articles by authors who share Brooks interests. Brook describes the website as catering for people concerned about mitigating climate change, protecting biodiversity and his most recent book is Why vs Why, Nuclear Power, which is co-authored by Ian Lowe. The two authors present opposing viewpoints, in 2011, Brook co-authored a Nuclear Series of articles for the South Australian Chamber of Mines and Energy with Ben Heard, and Australias nuclear options, a policy perspective document for CEDA. Brook contributed the first of five chapters to the latter, entitled The role of fission energy in mitigating future carbon emissions. The other chapters were written by fellow advocates Anthony Owen, Tony Wood, Tony Irwin, in an open letter of December 2014 that he led,75 leading scientists urged environmentalists to set aside their preconceptions about nuclear power. They express their support for an article titled Key role for energy in global biodiversity conservation. Written by Brook, stating that it provided evidence for the need to accept a substantial role for advance nuclear power systems as part of a range of sustainable energy technologies. Much as leading climate scientists have advocated the development of safe. Brooks advocacy for nuclear power has been challenged by opponents of nuclear industries, Brook described the announcement as real progress. The summary of the manifesto says, We offer this statement in the belief that both human prosperity and an ecologically vibrant planet are not only possible, but also inseparable. By committing to the processes, already underway, that have begun to decouple human well-being from environmental destruction. As such, we embrace an optimistic view toward human capacities and it was described by Eduardo Porter of The New York Times as a. new strategy, of course, presents big challenges. Brook has held positions on a number of boards, committees. He also advocates for the not-for-profit Science Council for Global Initiatives, Brook has lived in Melbourne, Bristol, Coonabarabran, Sydney, Darwin, Adelaide, Kyoto and currently resides near Hobart, Tasmania. G. Andrewartha Medal, Royal Society of SA, awarded for outstanding research by a scientist under 40 years 2006, Fenner Medal, Australian Academy of Science
21.
Mark Lynas
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Mark Lynas is a British author, journalist and environmental activist who focuses on climate change. He is a contributor to New Statesman, The Ecologist, Granta and Geographical magazines and he was born in Fiji, grew up in Peru and the United Kingdom and holds a degree in history and politics from the University of Edinburgh. He has published books including Six Degrees, Our Future on a Hotter Planet and The God Species. He has stated I think there is a 50–50 chance we can avoid a rise in global temperature. In 2004, Lynas High Tide, The Truth About Our Climate Crisis was published by Macmillan Publishers on its Picador imprint. In January 2007, Lynas published Gem Carbon Counter, containing instructions to calculate peoples personal carbon emissions and recommendations about how to reduce their impact on the atmosphere. Special coverage is given to the feedback mechanisms that could dramatically accelerate the climate change. As a possible end scenario the release of methane hydrate from the bottom of the oceans could replicate the end-Permian extinction event and this book won the Royal Societys science book of the year award in 2008. In 2008, National Geographic released a film based on Lynass book. This latter position was attacked as patronising and naive by some developing world commentators, a number of experts also criticised Lynass factual errors in contributing to the film. British environmentalist George Monbiot wrote in the Guardian that Brand and Lynas present themselves as heretics, but their convenient fictions chime with the thinking of the new establishment, corporations, thinktanks, neoliberal politicians. The true heretics are those who remind us that neither social nor environmental progress are possible unless power is confronted, since writing this, George Monbiot is no longer opposed to nuclear power as an alternative to more polluting sources such as coal. In July 2011, Lynas published in the U. K. the book entitled The God Species and it was also published in the U. S. by National Geographic in October 2011 as The God Species, Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans. In 2012, Mark Lynas was bestowed the Paradigm Award by the Breakthrough Institute in recognition of his leadership on the Anthropocene. This is why I want to see nuclear power in the UK and elsewhere. In September 2012, Lynas wrote an article in the Guardian entitled Without nuclear. In 2013, Lynas published Nuclear 2.0, Why A Green Future Needs Nuclear Power, Lynas is featured in the 2013 pro-nuclear documentary film Pandoras Promise. Generation IV reactor research programs are developing the type of nuclear power described in Pandoras Promise, in a January 2013 lecture to the Oxford Farming Conference, Lynas detailed his conversion from an organizer of the anti-GMO food movement in Europe to becoming a supporter of the technology
22.
Roger A. Pielke Jr.
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Roger A. Pielke Jr. Pielke was a visiting scholar at Oxford Universitys Saïd Business School in the 2007-2008 academic year. Pielke earned a B. A. in mathematics, an M. A. in public policy, prior to his positions at CU-Boulder, from 1993 to 2001 he was a staff scientist in the Environmental and Societal Impacts Group of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. From 2002 to 2004 Pielke was Director of Graduate Studies for the CU-Boulder Graduate Program in Environmental Studies, Pielke serves on numerous editorial boards and advisory committees, retains many professional affiliations, and sat on the Board of Directors of WeatherData, Inc. from 2001 to 2006. In 2012 he was awarded a doctorate by Linköping University. Pielkes early work was on the Space Shuttle program, in 1993 he argued that the shuttle was expensive and risky - that it was probable that another orbiter would be lost within 20-35 flights. Shortly before the loss of Columbia he warned that loss of another shuttle was only a matter of time and he has also been critical of the space station program. Pielke has also written extensively on climate change policy, and on this basis alone I am personally convinced that it makes sense to take action to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Pielke has been labeled a skeptic and denier of climate change and his views on climate change have been widely criticized by scientists, including US presidential science adviser John Holdren. Pielke rejected Holdrens criticisms, saying the facts are on my side, but The Huffington Post reported on this in 2014. Legum told The Huffington Post that he contacted Nate Silver, the editor of FiveThirtyEight, other criticisms of Pielkes article followed. In April 2015, Pielke joined with a group of scholars in issuing An Ecomodernist Manifesto, the other authors were, John Asafu-Adjaye, Linus Blomqvist, Stewart Brand, Barry Brook. Benson requesting information on the sources of funding for and communications related to Pielkes research, Pielke responded that he has no funding from fossil fuel interests and characterized the letter as part of a politically motivated witch-hunt. In response to criticism that requesting communications was counter to principles of academic freedom, Grijalva said he was willing to eliminate that part of the request. The heads of some mainstream scientific organizations criticized Grijalva’s letters. ”Conservative columnist Rich Lowry, editor of the National Review, noted in a piece that, It’s not that he doubts climate change. His offense is merely pointing to data showing that extreme weather events like hurricanes, tornadoes and this is enough to enrage advocates who need immediate disasters as a handy political cudgel. Pielke was also named in a letter sent by Senator Edward Markey to numerous energy industry groups, regarding Conflict of Interest disclosures, Pielke said that if you look at our community, the failure to disclose conflicts of interest is fairly endemic
23.
Michael Shellenberger
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Michael Shellenberger is an American author, environmental policy expert, and cofounder of Breakthrough Institute. He was named a Time magazine Heroes of the Environment, winner of the 2008 Green Book Award, co-editor of Love Your Monsters and co-author of Break Through and he and his co-author Ted Nordhaus have been described as ecological modernists and eco-pragmatists. In 2015, Shellenberger joined with 18 other self-described ecomodernists to coauthor An Ecomodernist Manifesto, shellenbergers early writing and activism focused on Latin America. He traveled and worked in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s, in 1993 he moved to the San Francisco to work with progressive organization, Global Exchange, authoring articles on Haiti, Brazil Mexico, Gulf War syndrome, and affirmative action. At UC-Santa Cruz he helped organize a graduate students union and defend affirmative action, later he co-founded Communication Works, an allied progressive public relations organization. Which worked on a range of campaigns, from challenging Nike over its labor practices in Asia. In 2002 Shellenberger co-founded the consulting firm Lumina Strategies and its clients included Global Exchange, Americans United for Affirmative Action, the Ford Foundation, the Sierra Club, and the Venezuelan Information Center. In 2005 Shellenberger and Nordhaus co-founded American Environics, whose clients include AARP, Earthjustice, the Ford Foundation, Shellenberger is a senior fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, which he co-founded with Ted Nordhaus in 2003. Today, Breakthrough Institute consists of a staff, an annual conference, a policy journal. Breakthrough Institute analyses of energy, climate and innovation policy have been cited by National Public Radio the Wall Street Journal, the Institute has conducted research showing that shale gas and other major technological innovations were created by American government institutions and public financing. The Institute advocates higher levels of spending on technology innovation, which they argue will lead to higher environmental quality, economic growth. It was addressed to California Governor Jerry Brown, the CEO of Pacific Gas & Electric, in 2007, 48% of Illinois electricity was generated using nuclear power. The paper argues that environmentalism is conceptually and institutionally incapable of dealing with climate change, Wired Magazine called Break Through the most important thing to happen to environmentalism since Silent Spring. Break Through was awarded the Green Book Award,2009, whose other recipients include E. O. Wilson and their writings have focused on the intersection of climate change, energy innovation, and politics. The two predicted the failure of cap and trade for its focus on making fossil fuels expensive rather than on technology innovation to make clean energy cheap and they faulted the Kyoto climate treaty for being focused on what they called shared sacrifice rather than shared technological innovation. They have criticized green cultural life as a consequence of status anxieties among Western consumers, and they have argued for a theology of ecological modernization that embraces technological innovation and human development. Nordhaus and Shellenberger have argued for a climate pragmatism and an embrace of modernization, in April 2015, Shellenberger joined with a group of scholars in issuing An Ecomodernist Manifesto. The other authors were, John Asafu-Adjaye, Linus Blomqvist, Stewart Brand, ruth DeFries, Erle Ellis, Christopher Foreman, David Keith, Martin Lewis, Mark Lynas, Ted Nordhaus, Roger A. Pielke, Jr
24.
TWiT.tv
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TWiT. tv, which is the operating trade name of TWiT LLC, is a podcast network founded by technology broadcaster and author Leo Laporte and run by his wife and company CEO Lisa Laporte. The network began operation in April 2005 with the launch of This Week in Tech, security Now was the second podcast on the network, debuting in August of that year. TWiT founder and owner Laporte, in an October 2009 speech, stated that it grossed revenues of $1.5 million per year, while costs were around $350,000. On March 18,2015, prior to the filming of This Week in Google, TWiT gets its name from its first and flagship podcast, This Week in Tech. The logo design originated from a logic gate symbol of an AND gate turned on its side. Voiceovers are provided by Jim Cutler, tWiTs netcasts are centered around technology and technology news. Hosts of the shows are usually experts in fields, either by working in the field itself or by being a journalist covering the field. At the beginning of 2014, there were 27 podcasts produced by TWiT, giz Wiz, Marketing Mavericks and Padres Corner were among the shows that were cancelled during the year. The New Screen Savers was the new show added to the network in 2015, a show based on The Screen Savers. TWiT further cut their field of self-produced shows by nearly twenty percent in late 2015, among the shows cut were Coding 101, which was replaced with a second weekly episode of Know How. IFive for the iPhone was cancelled, with some of that content being folded into iOS Today, before You Buy was also dropped, with its last episode being produced on December 18,2015. With the departure of news director Mike Elgan in December 2015, hosts Megan Morrone and Jason Howell took over Tech News Today on a daily basis at 4PM each weekday, starting on January 4,2016. No new news director has been named, all the shows are available free to watch or download from the TWiT. tv website and are funded by cost per mille embedded sponsorship. They are filmed in their studio in Petaluma, California of which the aspect is based around a NewTek Tricaster production system. The shows have a history of making heavy-use of remote hosts and guests connecting in via Skype and this Week in Tech Episode 561 on May 8,2016 had extensive talk about podcast revenue. This would put TWIT ad revenue around $13–14 million per year and this Week in Tech was the recipient of the 2005,2008, and 2010 Peoples Choice Podcast Awards Technology category. Tech News Today was the recipient of the 2012 International Academy of Web Television award for Best News Web Series, in 2011, This Week in Tech was named Best Technology Podcast, and TWiT Photo was named Best New Technology Podcast by iTunes Rewind. This Week in Tech Official website
25.
Anthropocene
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The Anthropocene is a proposed epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on the Earths geology and ecosystems. The Anthropocence thus includes, but also transcends, the duration of climate change. Scientists in the Soviet Union appear to have used the term anthropocene as early as the 1960s to refer to the Quaternary, in 2008, the Stratigraphy Commission of the Geological Society of London considered a proposal to to make the Anthropocene a formal unit of geological epoch divisions. A majority of the decided the proposal had merit and should be examined further. Independent working groups of scientists from various geological societies have begun to determine whether the Anthropocene will be accepted into the Geological Time Scale. Scientists have begun to use the term anthropocene, and the Geological Society of America entitled its 2011 annual meeting, Archean to Anthropocene, the Anthropocene has no agreed start-date, but one proposal, based on atmospheric evidence, is to fix the start with the Industrial Revolution. Other scientists link the new term to earlier events, such as the rise of agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution. In January 2015,26 of the 38 members of the International Anthropocene Working Group published a paper suggesting the Trinity test on 16 July 1945 as the point of the proposed new epoch. However a significant minority supports one of several alternative dates, a March 2015 report suggested either 1610 or 1964 as the beginning of Anthropocene. The Anthropocene Working Group met in Oslo in April 2016 to consolidate evidence supporting the argument for the Anthropocene as a geologic epoch. Evidence was evaluated and the group voted to recommend Anthropocene as the new age in August 2016. The name Anthropocene is a combination of anthropo- from anthropos meaning human, as early as 1873, the Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani acknowledged the increasing power and effect of humanity on the Earths systems and referred to an anthropozoic era. Although the biologist Eugene Stoermer is often credited with coining the term anthropocene, Paul Crutzen is credited with independently re-inventing and popularizing it. Stoermer wrote, I began using the term anthropocene in the 1980s, Crutzen has explained, I was at a conference where someone said something about the Holocene. I suddenly thought this was wrong, the world has changed too much. So I said, No, we are in the Anthropocene, I just made up the word on the spur of the moment. But it seems to have stuck, in 2008, Zalasiewicz suggested in GSA Today that an anthropocene epoch is now appropriate. The human impact on biodiversity forms one of the attributes of the Anthropocene
26.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
