1.
South Korea
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South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The earliest Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC, with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC and its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, the third largest in the world, along with 12 World Heritage Sites. Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910, Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945, peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the worlds 10th largest defence budget. South Koreas tiger economy soared at an average of 10% for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River. A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful, today, it is the worlds fifth largest exporter with the G20s largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia. It has free trade agreements with 75% of the economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China, the US. Since 1988, its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency, high personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama, a phenomenon called the Korean Wave, known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style. Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI, South Korea is a leader in low carbon growth, committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC. It is the third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance, ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance. It is the worlds largest spender on R&D per GDP, leading the OECD in graduates in science, the name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo in the 5th century as a form of its name. The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo, and thus inherited its name, the modern spelling of Korea first appeared in the late 17th century in the travel writings of the Dutch East India Companys Hendrick Hamel. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the name for the entire territory. The new official name has its origin in the ancient country of Gojoseon, in 1897, the Joseon dynasty changed the official name of the country from Joseon to Daehan Jeguk. The name Daehan, which means great Han literally, derives from Samhan, however, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted, there were several groups who fought for independence, the most notable being the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the Republic of Korea was adopted as the name for the new country. Since the government only controlled the part of the Korean Peninsula
2.
Seoul National University
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Seoul National University is a national research university located in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Since its founding in 1946, Seoul National University has been considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the country. It is located on three campuses, the campus is in Gwanak and two additional campuses in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one school, and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 17,000 undergraduate and 11,000 graduate students, according to data compiled by KEDI, the university spends more on its students per capita than any other university in the country that enrolls at least 10,000 students. Following a government mandate to globalize Korean universities, the international faculty head count peaked at 242 or 4% of the total in 2010. Seoul National University originates from various institutions which were established by King Gojong of the Joseon Dynasty. Several of them were integrated into various colleges when later Seoul National University was founded, to modernize the country, Gojong initiated the establishment of modern higher education institutions. By means of the issue of an order, the law academy Beopkwan Yangseongso has been founded in 1895. It produced 209 graduates including the later envoy Yi Jun, hanseong Sabeomhakgyo, a training school for teachers and Euihakkyo, a medical school, are also considered the origins of respected colleges. After the proclamation of the Empire of Korea in 1897, Gojong, in 1899, a medical school was established. This school changed its name several times to Daehan Euiwon Gyoyukbu and Gyeongseong Euihak Jeonmunhakgyo, in 1901, a department for nursing was established, which was the forerunner of the later College of Nursing. During the Japanese rule, Keijō Imperial University was established as one of Japans nine imperial universities, after World War II and the independence of Korea, the name of the university was changed from Keijō Teikoku Daigaku to Gyeongseong Daehak. The Hanja letters, that were used in the name, were pronounced in the Korean reading, the renaming of National was based on the academic internationalism the USA claimed. Seoul National University was founded on August 27,1946 by merging ten institutions of education around the Seoul area. For over a year and a half, there was a protest movement by students, finally,320 professors were fired and more than 4950 students left the school. The universitys second president was Lee Choon-ho, who served beginning in October 1947, the College of Law was founded by merging the law department of Kyŏngsŏng University with Kyŏngsŏng Law College. The university absorbed Seoul College of Pharmacy in September 1950, as the College of Pharmacy and this had previously been a private institution
3.
Korea University
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Korea University is a private research university in Seoul, South Korea. Established in 1905, it is one of the nations oldest and most prominent institutions of higher education and it is considered one of SKY universities, known for being one of the best universities in the country. The student body consists of over 20,000 undergraduate students, the university’s academic breadth is broad with its 81 departments in 19 colleges and divisions, and 18 graduate schools. It has over 1,500 full-time faculty members with over 95% of them holding Ph. D. or equivalent qualification in their field, the Korea University Alumni Association consists of more than 280,000 university graduates. It is particularly known for its College of Law, which is widely considered to be one of the most well-known undergraduate law programs in South Korea. There are 115 research institutes, including the Battelle@KU Laboratory, the Ilmin International Relations Institute, Korea University was established on May 5,1905, as Bosung College by Lee Yong-Ik, Treasurer of the Royal Household. The first College President was Hae-Uoung Shin, as an academic institution of nationalistic origin, it was regarded as a symbol of national pride during the colonial period. Bosung College had to many hardships before Korea University of today came into being. Shortly after Bosung College was established, the Korea-Japan Protocol was signed and his exile created financial hardship for the institution. By 1929 the foundation once again faced a financial crisis as a result of the worldwide recession. Kim Sung-Soo came to the rescue when he became the president of the College in 1932, at that time, Kim was managing Choong-Ang High School and the Dong-A Ilbo, a daily newspaper. In June 1932, Kim Sung-Soo took office as President of Bosung College and in 1934 the main building was completed on a 63, construction of the library started in 1935 in commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary of the founding of Bosung College and was completed two years later. In July of the year, a large athletic field. Kim Sung-Soo, as President, made effort to develop Bosung College into the first genuine Korean university. Unfortunately, his hope did not become a reality because of Japanese colonial interference, in April 1944, the Japanese colonial government forced Bosung College to change its name and placed it under the thumb of the Japanese authorities. Following Independence in 1945, the status of Bosung College was elevated to that of a university comprising three colleges, Political Science and Law, Economics and Commerce, and Liberal Arts. Hyun Sang-Yun, the first president, initiated an expansion of the campus by purchasing forest, in June 1949, Korea University awarded its first bachelors degrees and in September of the same year, the graduate school was established. In June 1961 the present Liberal Arts building was completed, various facilities were also completed such as the museum, the agriculture laboratory, the greenhouse, and other buildings for student services
4.
Yonsei University
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Yonsei University is a private research university in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of Koreas three SKY universities, considered the most prestigious in the country, Yonsei was established in 1885 and is the oldest university in South Korea. The student body consists of 38,725 students,26,731 undergraduate students,11,994 graduate students,4,518 faculty members,6,788 staff, Yonsei operates its main campus in Seoul and has extensive programs in Korean and English. The university was established in January 1957 through the union of Yonhi College and this was a result of a lasting bilateral cooperation between the colleges that began in the 1920s. The institutions were new to Korea at the time of their inception, Yonhi College was one of the first modern colleges, founded as Chosun Christian College in March 1915. Severance has its roots in the first modern medical center in Korea, Gwanghyewon, founded in April,1885. As a tribute, the name Yonsei was derived from the first syllables of the names of its two parent institutions, Yon, 연, 延 from Yonhi College and Sei, 세, 世 from Severance Union Medical College. In the symbol of Yonsei University, there is a shield, in the shield, ㅇ means sky, ㅡ means land and ㅅ means human. On the left side of ㅇ, the book is truth, on the right side, the shield defends these two ideologies. The Yonsei University Medical School dates to April 10,1885, the hospital was founded by Horace Newton Allen, the American protestant missionary appointed to Korea by the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. The hospital was renamed Jejungwon on April 26, as there appeared difficulties, the Church appointed Canadian Oliver R. Avison to run Jejungwon on July 16,1893. Gwanghyewon was financed at first by the Korean government, while the staff was provided by the church. In 1899, Avison returned to the U. S. louis Severance, a businessman and philanthropist from Cleveland, Ohio, was present and deeply moved. He later paid for the portion of the construction cost of new buildings for the medical facility. Jejungwon was renamed Severance Hospital after his name, Jejungwon was primarily a hospital, but it also performed medical education as an attachment. The hospital admitted its first class of 16 medical students selected through examinations in 1886, by 1899, Jejungwon Medical School was independently recognized. Following the increase of diversity in missionary denominations in Korea, collaboration began to form, Jejungwon began to receive medical staff, school faculty and financial support from the Union Council of Korean Missionaries in 1912. Accordingly, the school was renamed as Severance Union Medical College in 1913
5.
Gwanak District
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Gwanak District is an administrative subdivision of Seoul, South Korea. It lies on the skirt of Seoul, bordering Anyang of Gyeonggi Province. The southern border of Gwanak-gu, bordering Anyang, consists of the ridgeline of Gwanaksan. Originally a part of Siheung, Gyeonggi, it was transferred to Seoul with the expansion of the National Capital Area. Gwanak District is densely populated with over 500,000 people, large slum quarters were formed by migrant populations from all over Korea who sought jobs in industrialized Seoul. The area is heavily populated by university students from surrounding provinces. Central commercial zones include the Seorim and Daehak area and the Cheongnyong area near Seoul National University, restaurants, supermarkets, bars and pubs in the area are centered in Nokdu Street in the Daehak area and near Seoul National University Station. Other commercial zones for residents are located along the Nambu Beltway, the main shopping district, the Bongcheon Central Market, is positioned in Jungang Neighbourhood, north from Seoul National University Station. Nambu Beltway, which circles Seoul, passes through the center of the district. The beltway and two avenues, Gwanak Road and Sillim Road, make the main route of the automobile traffic. Nambu Beltway is connected to multiple express ways, green Line and Blue Line of Seoul Metro links Gwanak District and other areas. Many trunk buses such as 501,506,651 and 750 lines, Seoul Metro Seoul Subway Line 2 ← Nakseongdae — Bongcheon — Sillim → Seoul Subway Line 4 ← Sadang → There are three statutory subdivisions, Sillim, Bongcheon and Namhyeon Neighbourhood. Those are further divided into multiple administrative neighbourhoods to balance excessive populations, as of September,2008, there are 21 administrative neighbourhoods in Gwanak District
6.
Seoul
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The Seoul Capital Area houses up to half of the countrys population of 50.22 million people with 678,102 international residents. Situated on the Han River, Seouls history stretches back more than two years when it was founded in 18 BCE by Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It continued as the capital of Korea under the Joseon Dynasty, the Seoul Capital Area contains five UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul is surrounded by mountains, the tallest being Mt. Bukhan, in 2015, it was rated Asias most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis. In 2014, the citys GDP per capita of $39,786 was comparable to that of France and Finland. Ranked sixth in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index, Seoul is the worlds most wired city and ranked first in technology readiness by PwCs Cities of Opportunity report. It is served by the KTX high-speed rail and the Seoul Subway, providing 4G LTE, WiFi, Seoul is connected via AREX to Incheon International Airport, rated the worlds best airport nine years in a row by Airports Council International. Lotte World Tower, a 556-metre supertall skyscraper with 123 floors, has built in Seoul and become the OECDs tallest in 2016. Its Lotte Cinema houses the worlds largest cinema screen, Seouls COEX Mall is the worlds largest underground shopping mall. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games,1988 Summer Olympics,2002 FIFA World Cup, the Miss Universe 1980 pageant, a UNESCO City of Design, Seoul was named the 2010 World Design Capital. The city has known in the past by the names Wirye-seong, Hanju. During Japans annexation in Korea, Hanseong was renamed to Keijō by the Imperial authorities to prevent confusion with the hanja 漢, in reality, the ancient name of Seoul, Hanseong, originally had the meaning of big or vast. Its current name originated from the Korean word meaning city, which is believed to be derived from the word Seorabeol, which originally referred to Gyeongju. Unlike most place names in Korea, Seoul has no corresponding hanja, on January 18,2005, Seoul government officially changed its official Chinese language name to Shouer from the historic Hancheng, of which use is becoming less common. Settlement of the Han River area, where present-day Seoul is located, Seoul is first recorded as Wiryeseong, the capital of Baekje in the northeastern Seoul area. There are several city walls remaining in the area date from this time. Pungnaptoseong, a wall just outside Seoul, is widely believed to have been at the main Wiryeseong site. As the Three Kingdoms competed for this region, control passed from Baekje to Goguryeo in the 5th century
7.
Crane (bird)
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Cranes are a family, Gruidae, of large, long-legged and long-necked birds in the group Gruiformes. There are fifteen species of crane in four genera, unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Cranes live on all continents except Antarctica and South America and they are opportunistic feeders that change their diet according to the season and their own nutrient requirements. They eat a range of items from suitably sized small rodents, fish, amphibians, and insects to grain, berries, Cranes construct platform nests in shallow water, and typically lay two eggs at a time. Both parents help to rear the young, which remain with them until the breeding season. Some species and populations of cranes migrate over long distances, others do not migrate at all, Cranes are solitary during the breeding season, occurring in pairs, but during the non-breeding season they are gregarious, forming large flocks where their numbers are sufficient. Most species of cranes have been affected by human activities and are at the least classified as threatened, the plight of the whooping cranes of North America inspired some of the first US legislation to protect endangered species. The cranes are large to large birds, including the worlds tallest flying bird. They are long-legged and long-necked birds with streamlined bodies and large rounded wings, the males and females do not vary in external appearance, but on average males tend to be slightly larger than females. The plumage of the cranes varies by habitat, species inhabiting vast open wetlands tend to have more white in the plumage than do species that inhabit smaller wetlands or forested habitats, which tend to be more grey. These white species are generally larger. Most species of crane have some areas of skin on the face. This skin is used in communication with other cranes, and can be expanded by contracting and relaxing muscles, feathers on the head can be moved and erected in the blue, wattled and demoiselle cranes for signalling as well. Also important to communication is the position and length of the trachea, in the two crowned-cranes the trachea is shorter and only slightly impressed upon the bone of the sternum, whereas the trachea of the other species is longer and penetrates the sternum. In some species the entire sternum is fused to the plates of the trachea. The cranes have a distribution, occurring across most of the world continents. They are absent from Antarctica and, mysteriously, South America, east Asia is the centre of crane diversity, with eight species, followed by Africa, which holds five resident species and wintering populations of a sixth. Australia, Europe and North America have two species, the remaining genus, Grus, contains the most species and is the most widespread genus, although only a single species occurs in Africa as a wintering migrant
8.
Tiger
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The tiger is the largest cat species, most recognisable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. The species is classified in the genus Panthera with the lion, leopard, jaguar, Tigers are apex predators, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and bovids. They are territorial and generally solitary but social animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey requirements and this, coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on Earth, has caused significant conflicts with humans. Tigers once ranged widely across eastern Eurasia, from the Black Sea in the west, to the Indian Ocean in the south, today, they range from the Siberian taiga to open grasslands and tropical mangrove swamps. The remaining six tiger subspecies have been classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, a 2016 global census estimated the population of wild tigers at approximately 3,890 individuals. Major reasons for decline include habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation. The extent of area occupied by tigers is estimated at less than 1,184,911 km2, in 2016, wildlife conservation group at WWF declared that worlds count of wild tigers has risen for the first time in a century. Tigers are among the most recognisable and popular of the charismatic megafauna. They have featured prominently in ancient mythology and folklore, and continue to be depicted in modern films and they appear on many flags, coats of arms, and as mascots for sporting teams. The tiger is the animal of Bangladesh, India, Malaysia. In 1758, Linnaeus described the tiger in his work Systema Naturae, in 1929, the British taxonomist Reginald Innes Pocock subordinated the species under the genus Panthera using the scientific name Panthera tigris. The derivation from Greek pan- and ther may be folk etymology, the specific epithet, tigris, as well as the common name, tiger, come from the Middle English tigre and the Old English tigras, both used for the animal. These derive from the Old French tigre, itself a derivative of the Latin word tigris and the Greek word tigris. The original source may have been the Persian tigra meaning pointed or sharp, the tigers closest living relatives were previously thought to be the lion, leopard and jaguar, all of which are classified under the genus Panthera. The oldest remains of an extinct relative, called Panthera zdanskyi or the Longdan tiger, have been found in the Gansu province of northwestern China. This species is considered to be a taxon to the extant tiger and lived about 2 million years ago. It was smaller than the tiger, being the size of a jaguar. Despite being considered more primitive, the Longdan tiger was functionally and possibly ecologically similar to its modern cousin, as Panthera zdanskyi lived in northwestern China, that may have been where the tiger lineage originated
9.
Sinchon-dong, Seoul
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Sinchon-dong is a neighbourhood and a judicial dong in Seodaemun-gu in Seoul, South Korea. Sinchons main attraction is its nightlife, with bars of both western style and traditional Korean hofs, restaurants and other activities aimed at the areas student population. Sinchon Station is located on Seoul Subway Line 2 between Ewha Womans University Station and Hongik University Station, Sinchon Station is also the name of a station on the Gyeongui Line which connects Seoul and Dorasan. Sinchon is the second station, located between Seoul Station and Gajwa Station. The main bus station/terminal is located near the station about 100m south from Sinchon Rotary. Bus number 110A goes to Itaewon and can be caught near Hyundai dept. store, the first transit mall in Seoul and only second in the nation following one in Daegu, opened on Sinchon-ro on January 2014. The vehicle street has shrunk from four lanes to two and the sidewalks and pedestrian areas were greatly enlarged, with rare exceptions the street is only for 15+ seater buses, pedestrians, and cyclists. Sinchon is an area of the city and holds several department stores, cinemas. Also in the vicinity are several such as Yonsei University, Ewha Womans University, Hongik University, Sogang University. Sinchon is also one of the entertainment districts with bars, karaoke rooms, PC-rooms, DVD rooms, Korean billiards halls. One of Koreas largest hospitals, Severance Hospital, is linked with Yonsei University in Sinchon, Hyundai Department Store is located here as well as the Uplex, which is connected to the Hyundai Department Store via an above ground walkway
10.
Seodaemun District
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Seodaemun District is a gu located in northwestern Seoul, South Korea. The name derives from Seodaemun, meaning literally Great West Gate, Seodaemun was one of the four great gates of the city wall surrounding the Joseon capital of Hanyang. Seodaemun District consists of 14 administrative dongs, seobu District Office of Education under the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education operates public schools in Seodaemun District. Seodaemun District also has a library called Lee Jin Ah Memorial Library. The construction of the library was made possible through a donation by the parents of the namesake Lee. Lees Parents, after losing Lee in a tragic lethal accident, since the opening on Lees anniversary in 2005, the main library now has approximately over 76,000 books. The district covers 17.6 square kilometers, approximately 2. 9% of the area of Seoul. Seodaemun District is populated by middle and upper-income families, Seodaemun District incorporates residential areas and historical areas including Bongwon Temple, Sinchon Railway Station and Seodaemun Prison History Hall. Also it has a historic culture site Seodaemun Independence Park and this place located at Dongnimmun station, allows people to learn about history through 3.1 independence memorial statue, Independence Gate and more. This educational park is a major tourist attraction of Seodaemun District that provides a place of culture and leisure. Seodaemun District is a Rest Place together with nature surrounded by Mt. Ansan, Mt. Baengnyeonsan and Hongjecheon stream in the city. Also known as Mt. Muaksan, Mt. Ansan has many steep slopes, there are about ten climbing courses where everyone can enjoy a walk in the forests filled with wild flowers, pine trees, cherry blossom trees, etc. At the summit, there is Ansan Beacon Mound, where you can view Mt. Bukhansan, Mt. Inwangsan, Haegjusanseong Fortress, Mt. Ansan is a highly popular tourist attraction of Seodaemun District. Also, on the Mt. Ansan path, the Seodaemun Museum of Natural History, built by the governing body, exhibits various geological and biological relics. The once dried stream was restored and today there is a fountain, a water mill. There are shopping streets for the young, Walking street in Sinchon and Fashion street near Ewha Womans University, here, People can enjoy shopping according to their own style from head to toe and still have money left for a cup of coffee. The area has a 66㎡ store of Korean cosmetics brand Skin Food, bongwonsa Buddhist temple Dongnimmun Dream Cinema Seodaemun Prison History Hall Sinchon-dong Seodaemun Museum of Natural History Haidian, China Mokpo, South Korea Seodaemun-gu Office
11.
Eagle
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Eagle is a common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae, it belongs to several groups of genera that are not necessarily closely related to each other. Most of the 60 species of eagles are from Eurasia and Africa, outside this area, just 14 species can be found – two in North America, nine in Central and South America, and three in Australia. Eagles are large, powerfully built birds of prey, with heavy heads, most eagles are larger than any other raptors apart from some vultures. The smallest species of eagle is the South Nicobar serpent eagle, the largest species are discussed below. Like all birds of prey, eagles have large, hooked beaks for ripping flesh from their prey, strong, muscular legs. The beak is typically heavier than that of most other birds of prey, Eagles eyes are extremely powerful, having up to 3.6 times human acuity for the martial eagle, which enables them to spot potential prey from a very long distance. This keen eyesight is primarily attributed to their extremely large pupils which ensure minimal diffraction of the incoming light, the female of all known species of eagles is larger than the male. Eagles normally build their nests, called eyries, in trees or on high cliffs. Many species lay two eggs, but the older, larger chick frequently kills its younger sibling once it has hatched, the dominant chick tends to be a female, as they are bigger than the male. The parents take no action to stop the killing, due to the size and power of many eagle species, they are ranked at the top of the food chain as apex predators in the avian world. The type of prey varies by genus, the snake and serpent eagles of the genera Circaetus, Terathopius, and Spilornis predominantly prey on the great diversity of snakes found in the tropics of Africa and Asia. The eagles of the genus Aquila are often the top birds of prey in open habitats, where Aquila eagles are absent, other eagles, such as the buteonine black-chested buzzard-eagle of South America, may assume the position of top raptorial predator in open areas. Many other eagles, including the species-rich Spizaetus genus, live predominantly in woodlands and these eagles often target various arboreal or ground-dwelling mammals and birds, which are often unsuspectingly ambushed in such dense, knotty environments. Hunting techniques differ among the species and genera, with some individual eagles having engaged in quite varied techniques based their environment, most eagles grab prey without landing and take flight with it, so the prey can be carried to a perch and torn apart. The bald eagle is noted for having flown with the heaviest load verified to be carried by any flying bird, golden and crowned eagles have killed ungulates weighing up to 30 kg and a martial eagle even killed a 37 kg duiker, 7–8 times heavier than the preying eagle. It has been observed that most birds of prey look back over their shoulders before striking prey, all hawks seem to have this habit, from the smallest kestrel to the largest Ferruginous – but not the Eagles. Among the eagles are some of the largest birds of prey, only the condors and it is regularly debated which should be considered the largest species of eagle. They could be measured variously in total length, body mass, different lifestyle needs among various eagles result in variable measurements from species to species
12.
Gospel of John
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The Gospel According to John is one of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament. It traditionally appears fourth, after the gospels of Matthew, Mark. John begins with the witness and affirmation of John the Baptist and concludes with the death, burial, resurrection, although the Gospel of John is anonymous, Christian tradition historically has attributed it to John the Apostle, son of Zebedee and one of Jesus Twelve Apostles. C. K. Barrett, and later Raymond E. Brown, suggested that a tradition developed around the Johannine Community, and that this tradition gave rise to the gospel. The discovery of a number of papyrus fragments of manuscripts with Johannine themes has led more scholars to recognize that the texts were among the most influential in the early Church. The discourses contained with this gospel seem to be concerned with issues of the debate at the time of composition. It is notable that in John, the community appears to define itself primarily in contrast to Judaism, though Christianity started as a movement within Judaism, it gradually separated from Judaism because of mutual opposition between the two religions. The Gospel of John can be divided into four sections, a prologue, a Book of Signs, a Book of Glory, the narrative of Jesus public ministry, beginning with the introduction of the first disciples of Jesus. It consists of seven miracles, or signs, interspersed with long dialogues, discourses, Amen, amen sayings, in John it is this, and not the cleansing of the Temple, that prompts the authorities to have Jesus executed. The narrative of Jesus Passion, Resurrection, and post-Resurrection appearances and this is followed by Jesus Farewell Discourse, an account of his betrayal, arrest, trial, death, burial, post-Resurrection appearances, and final commission for his followers. Jesus mocking and crowning with thorns, the Ecce homo, the discovery of the empty tomb, the noli me tangere, the Great Commission, and the incredulity of Thomas. The section ends with a conclusion on the purpose of the gospel, that may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, a large majority of scholars believes this chapter to be an addition to the gospel. The Gospel of John is anonymous, traditionally, Christians have identified the author as the Disciple whom Jesus loved mentioned in John 21,24, who is understood to be John son of Zebedee, one of Jesus Twelve Apostles. These identifications, however, are rejected by the majority of biblical scholars. Nevertheless, the author of the fourth Gospel is sometimes called John the Evangelist, a significant minority consider the traditional account of John the Apostles authorship to be genuine. In addition, the ancient external attestation for Johannine authorship is strong, John is usually dated to AD 90–110. It arose in a Jewish Christian community in the process of breaking from the Jewish synagogue, scholars believe that the text went through two to three redactions, or editions, before reaching its current form. John, which regularly describes Jesus opponents simply as the Jews, is more hostile to the Jews than any other body of New Testament writing
13.
NRSV
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The New Revised Standard Version of the Christian Bible is an English translation released in 1989. It is a revision of the Revised Standard Version, which was itself an update of the American Standard Version. The NRSV was intended as a translation to serve devotional, liturgical, the full translation includes the books of the standard Protestant canon as well as the books traditionally included in the canons of Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity. Special editions of the NRSV employ British spelling and grammar, the New Revised Standard Version was translated by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches. The group included scholars representing Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant Christian groups as well as Jewish representation in the responsible for the Hebrew Scriptures or Old Testament. The mandate given the committee was summarized in a dictum, “As literal as possible, the NRSV was intended to take advantage of this and other manuscript discoveries, and to reflect advances in scholarship. The RSV retained the second person familiar forms when God was addressed but eliminated their use in other contexts. The NRSV eliminated all such archaisms, the RSV observed the older convention of using masculine nouns in a gender-neutral sense, and in some cases used a masculine word where the source language used a neuter word. The NRSV by contrast adopted a policy of inclusiveness in gender language. ”The following scholars were active on the NRSV Bible Translation Committee at the time of publication. The New Revised Standard Version is the version most commonly preferred by biblical scholars, many of the older mainline Protestant churches officially approve the NRSV for both private and public use. The Episcopal Church and the Anglican Communion in Canon II.2 added the NRSV to the list of translations approved for church services, in accordance with the Code of Canon Law Canon 825. The NRSV, along with the RSV, is one of the texts adapted and quoted in the English-language edition of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. In Coogan, Michael D. Brettler, Mark Zvi, Newsom, ehrman, Bart D. Jesus, Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. The Complete Guide to Bible Translations, sweeney, Marvin A. Isaiah 1 –39, with an introduction to prophetic literature. Official website Text of the NRSV at the Oremus Bible Browser Religion, Farewell To Thees and Hes, Time magazine
14.
Severance Hospital
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The Severance Hospital of the Yonsei University Health System is a hospital located in Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun District, South Korea. It is one of the oldest and biggest university hospitals in South Korea and it has 3,700 beds, approximately 3,000,000 outpatients and 1,000,000 inpatients annually and is affiliated with Yonsei University College of Medicine. The hospital is part of the Yonsei University Health System which has 7,000 employees,24,000 students have graduated from its medical schools. It is the oldest western-style hospital in the country, founded in 1885 as a hospital named Gwanghyewon by Horace N. Allen. It was renamed Severance Hospital on 3 September 1904 after a generous American donor, Louis Severance, in the same year, the hospital added Severance Hospital Medical School and the attached School of Nursing. The medical school was upgraded to Severance Medical College in 1947 and on 5 January 1957, the Severance Medical College was united with Yonhee University under the name of Yonsei University
15.
Academic elitism
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Alternatively, the term elitism may be used to describe a situation in which power is concentrated in the hands of a limited number of people. Oppositions of elitism include anti-elitism, egalitarianism, populism and political theory of pluralism, Elite theory is the sociological or political science analysis of elite influence in society, elite theorists regard pluralism as a utopian ideal. Elitism also refers to situations in which an individual assumes special privileges and responsibilities in the hope that this arrangement will benefit humanity or themselves, elitism is closely related to social class and what sociologists call social stratification. Members of the classes are sometimes known as the social elite. This form of elitism may be described as discrimination, attributes that identify an elite vary, personal achievement may not be essential. As a term Elite usually describes a person or group of people who are members of the uppermost class of society, elitists tend to favor social systems such as meritocracy, technocracy and plutocracy as opposed to radical democracy, political egalitarianism and populism. Elitists also believe only a few shakers and movers truly change society rather than society being changed by the majority of people who only vote, to elitists, the public is abjectly powerless and can be manipulated only by the top group of elites. Some synonyms for elite might be upper-class or aristocratic, indicating that the individual in question has a large degree of control over a societys means of production. This includes those who gain this position due to socioeconomic means, elitism in the context of education is the practice of concentrating attention on or allocating funding to the best students, or those students who rank highest in a particular field of endeavour. Elitism in education could be based on assessment of learning ability, knowledge. However, a school can also mean a school for the wealthy or hard to enter. The term elitism and the pejorative title elitist are sometimes used by people who arent members of elite organizations, in politics, such terms are often used to disparage a politicians views as out of touch with the interests of the average Joe. The implication is that the alleged elitist person or group thinks they are better than everyone else and its definition is therefore similar to that of the word snob. An elitist is not always seen as elite, but only privileged. The definition may have different appreciations depending on the political contexts, elitism endorses the exclusion of large numbers of people from positions of privilege or power. Thus, many populists seek the social equality of egalitarianism, populism, socialism and they may also support affirmative action, social security, luxury taxes, and highly progressive taxes for the wealthiest members of society. All of these seek to reduce the difference of power between the elite and the ordinary. The terms elitism and meritocracy are not equivalent in meaning, in this way, those who are picked by meritocracy as having merit may already have enjoyed unfair advantages from the very beginning, ignored according to the principle of nondiscrimination
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Kyujanggak
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The Kyujanggak, also known as Gyujanggak, was the royal library of the Joseon Dynasty. It was founded in 1776 by order of King Jeongjo of Joseon, today known as Kyujanggak Royal Library or Kyujanggak Archives are maintained by Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies at the Seoul National University, located in Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu in Seoul. It functions as a key repository of Korean historical records and a centre for research, the librarys role underwent various changes after the Gabo Reforms of 1894. In 1922, it was moved under the jurisdiction of Keijo Imperial University, the library moved to its present location in 1990 and became independent of the Seoul National University Central Library in 1992. The Korean Government tried to retrieve the documents through a permanent lease. In 2010, a Seoul-based civic group spearhead the return but the request to exclude illegally obtained property from its list of assets was rejected by a Paris court. An agreement was made by President Lee Myung-bak and President Nicolas Sarkozy at the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit to return the documents on a five-year renewable loan basis. From April to June 2011,297 volumes with 191 different Uigwes, were shipped back in four separate installments, in August 2010, then-Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan announced the return of the Uigwe to mark the centenary of the Japanese annexation of Korea. After a 16-month process 1,200 volumes including 150 Uigwe were returned in December 2011, the collection has over 260,000 items, with many of them digitized and available online. Notability the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat and Uigwe or Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty and they are among the National treasures of South Korea and are inscripted in UNESCOs Memory of the World Programme. In addition, it has royal, government, private documents, such as land transactions and power of attorney and maps on natural geography, the antique maps include a provincial map of 1872, a plotting-paper map stamped by Bibyeonsa, a Joseon map, and an eight-province map. The materials depicts how the nation took modernization policies and coped with aggressions of Western powers, the court proceeding records, from 1894 to 1910, provide information on life style of people from various walks of life, their way of thinking, and acts of the State. It also includes book titles plates and Naegak illyeok, at 1,249 volumes and its contents not found in other chronological documents covering the same period. The library was used as a location, as part of Seoul National University. It was used as the university of Kim Chul Soos, played by Yoo Ji-tae, employment, his lectures and Lee Ma-ris, played by Choi Ji-woo, other locations used included the gallery and museum roads. This is the first time the university has allowed its campus to be used as a filming location
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Seoul National University Hospital
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Seoul National University Hospital is one of the oldest and biggest hospitals in South Korea. It is a general and teaching hospital of Seoul National Universitys College of Medicine and its headquarters are in Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu in Seoul. Seoul National University Hospital consists of four branches, Except SNUH Healthcare System Gangnam Center, SNUH is owned and operated by SNUH Special Corporation, independent from Seoul National University. The South Korean governments Ministry of Education and Human Resources partly supervises management of the hospital, Seoul National University Hospital was started as Naebu Hospital and changed into Gwangjewon in 1900 and Daehan Hospital in 1907. In 1910, when Imperial Japan colonized Korea, its changed to Viceroyalty Hospital of Chosun. During the colonization period, the institution was under the supervision of the Japanese viceroyalty. Koreans had a scarce number of opportunities to learn medicine at that time. In 1924, the viceroyalty moved the site of the hospital to the current location of SNUH, when Imperial Japan surrendered to the United States in 1945, Korea was liberated from Japanese rule. After liberation, the government of the Republic of Korea installed Seoul National Universitys School of Medicine on the site of the Viceroyalty Hospital, until 1978, SNUH was a state-owned hospital. However, the government handed off the hospitals ownership by forming SNUH P. C. an independent professional corporation, list of hospitals in South Korea Seoul National University Hospital Massacre
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Seoul National University Hospital massacre
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During the First Battle of Seoul, the KPA wiped out one platoon which guarded Seoul National University Hospital on 28 June 1950. They massacred medical personnel, inpatients and wounded soldiers, the Korean Peoples Army shot or buried the people alive. The civilian victims alone numbered 900, according to South Korean Ministry of National Defense, the victims included 100 South Korean wounded soldiers. Bodo League massacre Jeju Uprising Mungyeong massacre Geochang massacre Hill 303 massacre List of massacres in South Korea
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Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
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Seoul National University Bundang Hospital is located in Gumi-dong, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It began its first treatment on 10 May 2003 and it was set up due to a rapid increase in demand for geriatric treatment and the governments request for the establishment of a medical facility for local residents. There is also an accident and emergency department, the hospital is situated between Bulgoksan and the Tancheon
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SKY universities
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SKY is an acronym used to refer to the three most prestigious universities in South Korea, Seoul National University, Korea University, and Yonsei University. The term is used in South Korea, both in media broadcast and by the universities themselves. In South Korea, admission to one of the SKY universities is widely considered as determining ones career, many of South Koreas most influential politicians, lawyers, physicians, engineers, professors, and policy makers have graduated from one of the SKY universities. 1895, The former institute of Seoul National University College of Law was established,1905, Bosung College established 1924, Headquarters and a preparatory departments of Keijō Imperial University was founded by Japan. This university is the predecessor to Seoul National University. 1926, Three Departments of Keijō Imperial University were opened by Japan and these were the first modern university classes in Korea. This university was the university in Korea at the time due to oppression by Japan. Also, over 60% of the students who passed the 2010 Korean Bar examination were graduates of SKY universities, there have been a number of SKY university students who have dropped out of school to protest against South Koreas overheated academic elitism. Yonsei–Korea rivalry Golden triangle — grouping of leading English universities Csizmazia Roland A. Jambor, Paul Z
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Korea University Law School
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Korea University Law School, located in Seoul, South Korea, is the law school of Korea University, a member of the SKY universities. For more than a century, Korea University Law School has been a pioneer in education in South Korea. As the nations oldest law school, the origin of Korea University Law School can be traced back to the Law Department of Bosung College, founded in 1905. The Colleges Law Department was the first private institution in Korea to provide an education in the early 20th century when Korea was opening up to the world. It played an important role in shaping the legal education system in South Korea. The schools success as an institution for legal education has been proved by ranking 1st in the South Korean bar pass rate. In the 2013 QS World University Rankings, the law program at Korea University was ranked 51~100 in the world and its rival, Yonsei University, was ranked 101-150 worldwide
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Korea University Business School
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Korea University Business School located in Seoul, South Korea is the business school of Korea University, a member of the SKY universities. It was established in 1905 and is the countrys first collegiate business school, KUBS is the first and only school in Korea to be accredited by both AACSB and EQUIS. In 1905, the school was founded as the nations first Commerce Department, Korea University Business School has traditionally been one of the strongest business schools not only in Korea but also in Asia. The business schools of Seoul National University and Yonsei University are Korea University Business Schools long competitors, with the exception of the field of accounting, it is nowadays generally accepted that Korea University Business School holds superiority over all other business schools of Korea. hankyung. com/
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Korea University College of Science
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The College of Science is a division of Korea University in Seoul, South Korea. It was established in December 1952 as the Division of Science within the College of Liberal Arts, the college offers various bachelor, master, and doctorate programs through affiliation with the Graduate School. Its major academic buildings are located on the universitys Hana Square, which it shares with the College of Engineering, the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and it is widely regarded as one of the finest colleges of science in the country. Currently, the college teaches 800 undergraduates, with 63 full-time faculty members, there are nine research institutes within the college. The Korea Basic Science Institute in Seoul was also built on the campus in 1993, in 1996, Chung Ju-yung, former Honorary Chairman of the Hyundai Group, generously donated a building for the College of Science. The Asan Science Building has six floors and a basement with an area of about 20,000 square meters and this building accommodates all four Departments in the College, as well as research laboratories, networked computer systems, multimedia lecture rooms, and other supporting facilities. The College of Science houses the Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and it offers Bachelor of Science degrees. However, students may enroll in the program, which allows them to pursue programs of study in two colleges and receive two different degrees
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Korea University School of Medicine
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Korea University College of Medicine is the medical school of Korea University. It is located in Seoul, South Korea, as one of the oldest medical schools in South Korea, it has been historically regarded as one of the countrys top medical schools. In the 2013 QS World University Rankings, it was ranked as the 3rd best medical school in South Korea, the school was founded as Chosun Womens Medical Training Institute in 1928 by Rosetta Sherwood Hall. The institute was renamed several times and ultimately merged with Korea University to become Korea University College of Medicine. So far, the school has produced over 7,000 graduates, most of whom are working as prominent physicians and public health advocates worldwide
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Korea University College of Education
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The College of Education is one of the undergraduate colleges at Korea University in Seoul, South Korea. It is considered to be one of the schools of education in the country. Launched in 1972, the College of Education hosts 2,000 would-be-teachers in nine departments and it is a place in which top-tier professors and their students can grow together through teaching and learning. The students can acquire expertise in two areas by choosing from multiple, dual, and intensified majors. In addition, the college encourages the development of advanced educational, the college also operates the Graduate School of Education
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Korea University Division of International Studies
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The Division of International Studies is one of the undergraduate divisions at Korea University in Seoul, South Korea. Korea University Division of International Studies provides 5 tracks to the students, the council takes charge in preparing annual school events such as Ipsilenti, Ko-Yon-Jeon and endeavors to enhance its students’ general welfare
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Battelle Memorial Institute
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Battelle Memorial Institute is a private nonprofit applied science and technology development company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. The institute opened in 1929 but traces its origins to the 1923 will of Ohio industrialist Gordon Battelle which provided for its creation, Carlson had been turned down for funding by more than a dozen agencies including the U. S. Navy. Work led to the first commercial equipment, and to the formation of Xerox corporation. In 1987, PIRI, a fiber optics venture with Mitsubishi and NTT, was launched, in conjunction with Kevin M. Amula, Battelle Geneva developed No-melt chocolate in 1988. The Battelle Center for Science and Technology Policy began official operation in July 2011, chester Carlson John Crout Raymond Davis, Jr. Top 100 US Federal Contractors Future Attribute Screening Technology Official website
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Korea University Library System
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The Korea University Libraries is the library system of Korea University. With over 2.5 million volumes, it is one of the largest academic library systems in South Korea, Main Library - Opened in 1978, the Main Library contains about 800,000 pieces of data—the largest collection in any private university library in South Korea. Haesong Law Library - the Haesong Law Library boasts the largest collection of any Korean law facility, centennial Digital Library Science Library - the Science Library contains about 330,000 books, with a focus on engineering, medicine, and natural science. Graduate School Library - built in 1937 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Bosung College and it has been designated as Historic Site No.286. Print Materials, Non-Books,2,510,470 vols E-Resources,172,557 titles library. korea. ac. kr
