1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Taylor Swift
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Taylor Alison Swift is an American singer-songwriter. One of the most popular contemporary female recording artists, she is known for songs about her personal life. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at age 14 to pursue a career in country music and she signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. Her eponymous debut album in 2006 peaked at five on Billboard 200. The albums third single, Our Song, made her the youngest person to single-handedly write, Swifts second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the pop success of the singles Love Story and You Belong with Me. The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner, Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, Speak Now. It debuted at one in the United States and the single Mean won two Grammy Awards. Her fourth album, Red, yielded the successful singles We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together, with her fifth album, the pop-focused 1989, she became the first act to have three albums sell a million copies within one week in the United States. Its singles Shake It Off, Blank Space and Bad Blood reached number one in the US, Australia, the album received three Grammy Awards, and Swift became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. The 2015 eponymous concert tour for 1989 became one of highest-grossing of the decade, as a songwriter, Swift has received awards from the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Swift is one of the artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albums—including 27.1 million in the US—and 130 million single downloads. She has appeared in Times 100 most influential people in the world, Forbes top-earning women in music, Forbes 100 most powerful women and she was the youngest woman to be included in the third of these and ranked first in Celebrity 100. Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13,1989, in Reading and her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, was a financial advisor, and her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift, was a homemaker who worked previously as a mutual fund marketing executive. She has a brother named Austin. Swift spent the years of her life on a Christmas tree farm in Cumru Township. She attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia Montessori School, run by Franciscan nuns, the family then moved to a rented house in the suburban town of Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School. At the age of nine, Swift became interested in musical theater and she also traveled regularly to New York City for vocal and acting lessons
3.
The Civil Wars
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The Civil Wars were a critically acclaimed American musical duo composed of Joy Williams and John Paul White. Formed in 2008, The Civil Wars won four Grammy Awards prior to their 2014 breakup, both Williams and White had solo careers prior to meeting at a songwriting workshop in Nashville in 2008. At the workshop, approximately 25 songwriters were assembled by music publishers to write radio singles for a band later identified as the country group Gloriana. Williams and White were randomly paired to write together, and quickly discovered an affinity, in a 2012 interview, Williams said that when he started singing it was like I knew where he was going to go before he went there. Following the workshop, White and Williams made immediate plans to meet again and they wrote the song Falling during their first session, which took place at Williams house. Looking for a name for the project, Williams came up with The Civil Wars and it has nothing to do with the historical meaning. There is a quote that I believe is Plato, who said, Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a great battle. As I was thinking about the music we make, that sense of battle seemed applicable, the duo performed for the first time as The Civil Wars at the French Quarter Cafe in Nashville on April 7,2009. Williams former producer Charlie Peacock was in attendance, and impressed by their dynamics and on-stage chemistry, on April 8,2009, Shalom Aberle recorded The Civil Wars second live show. Eight of the songs that were recorded that night were on Live at Eddies Attic, in November 2009, Poison & Wine was used in its entirety as a music bed for a pivotal montage at the end of a sixth season episode of Greys Anatomy. At the time, the song was only on Live at Eddies Attic. White, Williams and Yetton found out about the placement only four prior to the episodes airing. They uploaded the newly recorded version of the song to iTunes, as the video was being put online, Williams and White were watching the Greys Anatomy episode, and the uploading was completed almost to the second that the last note of the song played. Through Greys Anatomy, The Civil Wars were exposed to a national audience, which included Taylor Swift. Poison & Wine was released a week after Greys Anatomy aired, the duo toured consistently throughout 2009 and 2010. Williams, White, and Peacock returned to the Art House to record The Civil Wars debut album, Barton Hollow, which was released on February 1,2011. It also charted at #1 on the Billboard Digital Albums chart, #1 on the Billboard Folk Albums chart, #2 on the Rock Albums Chart, Barton Hollow received significant critical acclaim. The BBC wrote A timeless, anachronistic record, Barton Hollow could be from 30 years ago, or it could be from 30 years hence
4.
Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
5.
Alternative country
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Alternative country is a loosely defined subgenre of country music, which includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream or pop country music. It has been used to describe country music bands and artists that have incorporated influences ranging from rock, bluegrass, rockabilly, honky-tonk, alternative rock, folk rock. Attempts to combine punk and country were pioneered by Jason and the Scorchers, members and figures associated with Uncle Tupelo formed three major bands in the genre, Wilco, Son Volt and Bottle Rockets. Other influential bands included Blue Mountain, Whiskeytown, and Blood Oranges, lyrics may be bleak or socially aware, but also more heartfelt and less likely to use the clichés sometimes used by mainstream country musicians. No Depression, the magazine dedicated to the genre, declared that it covered alternative-country music. Another major influence was country rock, the result of fusing country music with a rock & roll sound, the artist most commonly thought to have originated country rock is Gram Parsons, although Michael Nesmith, Steve Earle and Gene Clark are frequently identified as important innovators. The third factor was punk rock, which supplied an energy, the bands Blue Mountain, Whiskeytown, Blood Oranges and Drive-By Truckers further developed this tradition before most began to move more in the direction of rock music in the 2000s. List of alternative country musicians Heartland rock Red Dirt Southern rock Texas country music Notes Bibliography Alden, Grant, & Blackstock, no Depression, An Introduction to Alternative Country Music. Modern Twang, An Alternative Country Music Guide and Directory, kasten, Roy, Fifteen Things You Might Not Know about The Bottle Rockets, on Their Fifteenth Birthday, Riverfront Times. Hogeland, William, Emulating the Real and Vital Guthrie, Not St. Woody, so what is insurgent country anyway. From American Studies at the University of Virginia
6.
Big Machine Records
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Big Machine Records, LLC is an independent American record label specializing in country and pop artists. Big Machine is based on Music Row in Nashville, Tennessee, the label was launched in September 2005 by former DreamWorks Records executive, Scott Borchetta, and initially became a joint venture between Borchetta and country singer Toby Keith. As of November 2014, the company consists of 88 employees—in the areas of music publishing, management. The business also oversees numerous imprints, including Valory Music, that are under Big Machine Label Group, among the artists signed to the label is Taylor Swift, whose most recent studio album,1989, was released in October 2014. Swifts father owns a stake in the record label, other artists include Tim McGraw, Reba McEntire, and Rascal Flatts. Borchetta is originally from Los Angeles, Californias San Fernando Valley area, borchettas father, Mike Borchetta, worked in Nashville as a country promoter who courted radio stations with music he transported in the trunk of his car. Mike Borchetta was married to a country singer at the time. Borchetta did not leave Nashville after a 1981 visit, Borchetta worked in the mailroom of his fathers music company and eventually became a promotions staff member in 1991 for Universal’s MCA Records label. According to Bloomberg Businessweek, Borchetta was a manager at MCA, choosing singles. After he was fired from MCA in 1997, Borchetta accepted a role at the Nashville division of DreamWorks Records, before he left DreamWorks, Borchetta approached Swift and her family after the musician performed at the Blue Bird Café in Nashville, TN. At the time, Borchetta had no infrastructure or financing, made an offer to Swift and her parents, Swift eventually recontacted Borchetta around two weeks later, telling him, I’m waiting for you. After he formed the label in 2005, Big Machine released Swifts first ever recording, Keith dropped his affiliation with the label in 2006, but he was reported as an equity holder in November 2014, alongside the Swift family and Borchetta. In October 2012, Borchetta told Rolling Stone magazine, Scott Swift owns three percent of Big Machine, by March 2009, Big Machine artist Danielle Peck had left the label. The departure occurred during a period for the overall U. S. music industry. Borchetta signed a deal with Clear Channel, which changed its name to iHeartMedia. Three years after the deal was signed, Borchetta said that the streams were very meaningful. On November 3,2014, Swift removed all but one of her songs from Spotify after indications of her disapproval of the streaming service emerged in July of the same year. Swift, statistically one of the worlds most popular artists at the time, had previously delayed the streaming of her 2012 album
7.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
8.
Joy Williams (singer)
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Joy Elizabeth Williams is an American singer-songwriter. The winner of four Grammy awards, Williams has released four solo albums and she performed with John Paul White as The Civil Wars from 2009 until 2014. Williams was born in West Branch, Michigan and raised in a Christian home in Santa Cruz, California and she attended Valley Christian High School in San Jose and graduated as the class valedictorian in 2001. In addition to singing in church, Williams began writing faith-based pop songs while living in Santa Cruz, at 17, she was signed by Reunion Records, a subsidiary of Sony/BMG based in Brentwood, Tennessee. Williams moved to Nashville in 2001, in part to be closer to the label’s headquarters and she cites Kate Bush, Peter Gabriel, Massive Attack, and Portishead as being her influences. Williams achieved significant success between 2001 and 2005 and she was nominated for 11 Dove Awards, and the three records she released on Reunion cumulatively sold more than 250,000 albums. In 2005 she left the label, noting that her perspective had changed considerably since she had started recording for Reunion at 17. “My worldview shifted like tectonic plates from 17 to mid-twenties, and over time, I wanted to write things that moved me and not feel like I had any parameters telling me what to do or not to do, she said in a 2014 interview. After leaving Reunion, Williams spent time in Europe, and worked briefly at Paste Magazine and that same year she began to seek licensing opportunities for her music in film, television, and commercials. Oscar Mayer selected her song “It Doesn’t Get Better Than This” for a 2008 marketing campaign, Williams subsequently released three EPs through Sensibility Music. Her catalog includes the songs “Charmed Life, ” “Speaking A Dead Language” and “Sunny Day, in 2008, Williams attended a writing camp in Nashville, where she met John Paul White. They formed the rock duo The Civil Wars in 2009. The album was praised by critics, and went on to sell more than 650,000 copies in the US. White and Williams won four Grammy Awards as The Civil Wars, the duo announced an indefinite hiatus in November 2012, prior to the release of their 2013 self-titled album. White and Williams announced on their website in August 2014 that they had dissolved the band, in March 2015, she stated in an interview that she last spoke with White after their Roundhouse show at London in November 2012. Late in 2013, Williams collaborated with Chris Cornell on the song Misery Chain for the 12 Years A Slave soundtrack and they performed the song together on Late Night with David Letterman at the end of the year. She also collaborated with Matt Berninger from the National on Hush, the song for TURN. Williams announced that she had work on a new solo album in April 2014
9.
John Paul White
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John Paul White is an American singer-songwriter, and was a member of the Grammy Award-winning duo The Civil Wars. He re-started his solo career with his 2016 release, Beulah, White was born in Muscle Shoals, Alabama and grew up in Loretto, Tennessee, United States. White released the album The Long Goodbye in 2008, the following year White joined Joy Williams to form The Civil Wars. The duo won the 2012 Grammy Awards for best Folk Album, in 2015 he contributed the song Kyrie, a duet with Emmylou Harris, to the album Mercyland, Hymns for the Rest of Us, Vol. II. Then in 2016, White release a solo Simple Song for the album Southern Family by Dave Cobb, White is a co-owner of Single Lock Records. His new album, Beulah, was released on August 19,2016, in 2017, White guested on the song It Aint Over Yet with Rodney Crowell and Rosanne Cash. The track will appear on Crowells album Close Ties, White lives in Florence, Alabama with his wife Jenny and three of his four children. The Long Goodbye Beulah Live at Eddies Attic Poison & Wine Barton Hollow Unplugged On VH1 The Civil Wars
10.
T Bone Burnett
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Joseph Henry T Bone Burnett III is an American musician, songwriter, and soundtrack and record producer. He was a touring guitarist in Bob Dylans band on the Rolling Thunder Revue, after the tour ended, Burnett and two other members of the backing band formed The Alpha Band, followed by his first solo album in 1980. d. Lang on the A Wonderful World album, Burnett won Grammy Awards for the O Brother, Where Art Thou. Soundtrack and for his work with Alison Krauss and Robert Plant and he was nominated for an Academy Award for his songwriting contribution to the film Cold Mountain, and won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for The Weary Kind from Crazy Heart. He founded the record label DMZ, an imprint of Columbia and he oversaw the music for the films Walk the Line, The Big Lebowski, and Inside Llewyn Davis, and the True Detective TV series. Burnett, the son of Joseph Henry Burnett Jr. and Hazel Perkins Burnett, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1948 and he attended R. L. Paschal High School, and is featured in the schools Hall of Honor. He played rhythm guitar in a called the Shadows. His first significant contribution to the field was as the manic drummer for the Legendary Stardust Cowboys novelty hit. Also in 1968, he produced 6 songs for a group of friends, called at the time, The Case Hardy Boys. Later this band would move to Los Angeles and become known first as The Fare, and later as El Roacho, in 1972, he moved to Los Angeles and recorded his second album, The B-52 Band and the Fabulous Skylarks. In 1975 and 1976, he toured with Bob Dylans Rolling Thunder Revue, when the Revue ended, Burnett and two other members of Dylans band, David Mansfield and Steven Soles, formed The Alpha Band, which released three albums. The Alpha Band and Spark in the Dark were both released in 1977, while The Statue Makers of Hollywood was released in 1978, Burnett and singer-songwriter Sam Phillips were married in 1989 and divorced in 2004. He produced many of her albums, including Martinis and Bikinis and he is currently married to writer-producer Callie Khouri. Burnett has three daughters, including one from his marriage to Phillips, in 1980, Burnett released his first post–Alpha Band solo album, Truth Decay, produced by Reggie Fisher, on the Takoma Records label. Truth Decay was a rock album described by the Rolling Stone Record Guide as mystic Christian blues. In 1982, his Trap Door EP, released on the Warner Brothers label, Burnett toured after the release of Trap Door, opening several dates for The Who, leading a band that featured Mick Ronson on guitar. His 1992 album The Criminal Under My Own Hat tended toward adult alternative music. All were critically acclaimed but not big sellers, proof Through the Night was reissued by Rhino Records Handmade Music in a limited edition of 5,000 on May 29,2007, in an expanded version
11.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
12.
Ours (song)
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Ours is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album Speak Now. Produced by Swift and Nathan Chapman, it was released as a promotional single by iTunes. It was released as the sixth and final single of the album and was the single from Speak Now to be sent to country radio on December 5,2011. The song peaked at one on the Billboard Country Songs Chart. Internationally, the peaked at 91 in Australia and 68 on the Canadian Hot 100. In the UK, it peaked at number 181 on the UK Singles Chart, the video received positive praise from music critics. Ours was first released as a single from Speak Now by Big Machine Records on November 8,2011. A CD single was released exclusively to US Wal-Mart stores alongside the live album, the song is the sixth single from the album, Speak Now, and was originally intended to be released on November 28,2011 but was released to country radio on December 5,2011. It was the single from Speak Now to be sent to country radio. Ours is a ballad, with a length of three minutes and 58 seconds. The song is solely by Swift, who also produced the song along with Nathan Chapman. The song is written in the key of C Major with Swifts vocals spanning two octaves, between E3 and A4, the song has been described as a love letter. Amy Sciarretto of Pop Crush describes the song as a pretty, slower tempo song that showcases Swift’s strengths, which are her inviting, open journal lyrics and that sweet voice. Karen Goodner of All Access describes the song as being in love, the song received acclaim from music critics. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a four-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that Lyrically, Ours is similar to Our Song in that it’s cheesy and delicious. He added that the lyrics were written and that the production was welcomed respite from the shine. Liv Carter of Urban Country News gave the song a thumbs up, amy Sciarretto of Pop Crush praised the song and stated that Swift saved the best for last. Karen Goodner of All Access called the one of my favorites
13.
Billie Jean
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Billie Jean is a song by American singer Michael Jackson. It is the single from the singers sixth solo album. It was written and composed by Jackson and produced by Jackson, There are contradictory claims on the meaning of the songs lyrics. One suggests that they are derived from an experience, in which a female fan claimed that Jackson had fathered one of her twins. However, Michael Jackson stated that Billie Jean was based on groupies he had encountered, the song was mixed 91 times by audio engineer Bruce Swedien before it was finalized, though he reportedly went with the second mix as the final product. The song became a success, it was one of the singles of 1983 and is one of the best-selling singles worldwide. The song topped both the US and UK charts simultaneously, in other countries, it topped the charts of Switzerland and reached the top ten in Austria, Italy, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden. Billie Jean was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine placed the song in the 58th spot on its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song was promoted with a film that broke down MTVs racial barrier as the first video by a black artist to be aired in heavy rotation. Also, Jacksons Emmy-nominated performance on Motown 25, Yesterday, Today, Forever, in which Jackson premiered his moonwalk and it was additionally promoted through Jacksons Pepsi commercials. Covered by modern artists, Billie Jean sealed Jacksons status as a pop icon. In YouTube, the song has garnered more than 284 million views, Jackson stated several times that Billie Jean was based on the groupies he and his brothers encountered while part of The Jackson 5. Billie Jean is kind of anonymous and it represents a lot of girls. They used to call them groupies in the 60s, There were a lot of Billie Jeans out there. Every girl claimed that their son was related to one of my brothers, the reason for this was due to the fame of the Jackson 5, and wanting to have their money in order to have a way of living. Jacksons biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli promoted the theory that Billie Jean was derived from a life experience the singer faced in 1981. The Magic & The Madness documents how a woman wrote Jackson a letter. Jackson, who regularly received letters of this kind, had never met the woman in question, the woman, however, continued to send Jackson more letters, which stated that she loved him and wanted to be with him
14.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
15.
The Hunger Games (film)
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The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins. It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Lenny Kravitz, Stanley Tucci, Katniss Everdeen volunteers to take her younger sisters place. Joined by her districts male tribute, Peeta Mellark, Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy. Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into an agreement with Color Force. Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay, the screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow. The main characters were cast between March and May 2011, principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011, with filming taking place in North Carolina. The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital, the film was released on March 21,2012, in some European countries and in the US on March 23,2012, in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters. Japan received it last, on September 28, when the film released, it set records for opening day and opening weekend for a non-sequel. At the time of its release, the opening weekend gross was the third-largest of any movie in North America. It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends and it was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18,2012. With 7,434,058 units sold, the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012, a sequel, The Hunger Games, Catching Fire, was released on November 22,2013, in the United States. The song Safe & Sound won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, in District 12, Katniss Everdeen volunteers after her younger sister Primrose is initially chosen by lot. She and the tribute, Peeta Mellark, are escorted to the Capitol by chaperone Effie Trinket and their mentor Haymitch Abernathy. Haymitch impresses on them the importance of gaining sponsors, as they can provide gifts of food and supplies during the Games. While training, Katniss observes the Careers, Marvel, Glimmer, Cato, Katniss tries to stay as far away from the rest of the competitors as possible, but Head Gamemaker Seneca Crane triggers a forest fire to drive her back towards the others. She runs into the Careers, with whom Peeta has seemingly allied, the Career pack fails to kill her and Peeta advises them to wait for her to come down. The next morning, while the Careers and Peeta sleep, Katniss notices Rue, District 11s young female tribute, Rue silently draws her attention to a nest of poisonous tracker jackers, genetically modified wasps that can cause hallucinations and death
16.
ITunes Store
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ITunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. It opened on April 28,2003, and has been the largest music vendor in the United States since April 2008, and the largest music vendor in the world since February 2010. It offers over 35 -40 million songs,2.2 million apps,25,000 TV shows, iTunes Stores revenues in the first quarter of 2011 totaled nearly US$1.4 billion, by May 28,2014, the store had sold 35 billion songs worldwide. On January 6,2009, Apple announced that DRM had been removed from 80% of its catalog in the US. As of June 2013, iTunes Store possesses 575 million active user accounts, before iTunes Store, most of the online music was download through websites like Napster. Steve Jobs expressed concern that people were illegally obtaining music because it was the option they had. In 2002, Steve Jobs made an agreement with the five major record labels to offer their content through iTunes, iTunes Store was introduced by Steve Jobs at a Worldwide Developers Conference to give music listeners a legal alternative to peer-to-peer file sharing networks. When it opened, it was the only legal digital catalog of music to songs from all five major record labels. At first, it was available on Mac OS X. Following the introduction of iTunes Store, individual songs were all sold for the same price, Music in the store is in the Advanced Audio Coding format, which is the MPEG-4-specified successor to MP3. Originally, songs were available with DRM and were encoded at 128 kbit/s. At the January 2009 Macworld Expo, Apple announced that all music would be made available without DRM. Previously, this model, known as iTunes Plus, had available only for music from EMI. Users can sample songs by listening to previews, ninety seconds in length, some Apps cost money and some are free. Developers can decide which prices they want to charge for apps, from a pre-set list of pricing tiers, when someone downloads an App,70 percent of the purchase goes to the developer, and 30 percent goes to Apple. At the Macworld 2008 keynote, Steve Jobs, who was Apples CEO at the time, movies are available for rent in iTunes Store on the same day they are released on DVD, though iTunes Store also offers for rental some movies that are still in theaters. Movie rentals are only viewable for 24 hours or 48 hours after users begin viewing them, iTunes Store also offers one low-priced movie rental a week, in the United States, this rental costs 99 cents. Movie rentals are not yet available in all countries but it is available in the United States, Mexico, there is a weekly promotion in which one to three songs are available to download for free to logged-in users
17.
BBC Radio 1
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Radio 1 provides alternative genres after 7,00 pm, including electronic dance, hip hop, rock, indie or interviews. It was launched in 1967 to meet the demand for music generated by radio stations. Recently, the BBC claimed that it targets the 15–29 age group. BBC Radio 1 started 24-hour broadcasting on 1 May 1991, Radio 1 was established in 1967 as a successor to the BBC Light Programme, which had broadcast popular music and other entertainment since 1945. Radio 1 was conceived as a response to the popularity of offshore pirate radio stations such as Radio Caroline and Radio London. Radio 1 was launched at 7,00 am on Saturday 30 September 1967. The first words on Radio 1 – after a countdown by the Controller of Radios 1 and 2, Robin Scott, welcome to the exciting new sound of Radio 1. This was the first use of US-style jingles on BBC radio, the first complete record played on Radio 1 was Flowers in the Rain by The Move. The second single was Massachusetts by The Bee Gees, the breakfast show remains the most prized slot in the Radio 1 schedule, with every change of breakfast show presenter exciting considerable media interest. Despite this, it gained massive audiences, becoming the most listened to station in the world with audiences of over 10 million claimed for some of its shows, in the early-mid-1970s Radio 1 presenters were rarely out of the British tabloids, thanks to the Publicity Departments high-profile work. Alan Freemans Saturday Rock Show was voted Best Radio Show 5 years running by readers of a music publication. In his last few months as controller, Johnny Beerling commissioned a handful of new shows that in some set the tone for what was to come under Matthew Bannister. One of these Loudnproud was the UKs first national radio series aimed at a gay audience, far from being a parting quirk, the show was a surprise hit and led to the networks first coverage of the large outdoor Gay Pride event in 1994. Bannister took the reins fully in October 1993 and his aim was to rid the station of its Smashie and Nicey image and make it appeal to the under 25s. Although originally launched as a station, by the early 1990s. Many listeners rebelled as the first new DJs to be introduced represented a crossover from other parts of the BBC with Emma Freud, Evans was a popular but controversial presenter who was eventually sacked in 1997 after he demanded to present the breakfast show for only four days per week. Evans was replaced from 17 February 1997 by Mark and Lard – Mark Radcliffe and they were replaced by Zoë Ball and Kevin Greening eight months later in October 1997, with Greening moving on and leaving Ball as solo presenter. Documentaries like John Peels Lost in Music which looked at the influence that the use of drugs have had over popular musicians received critical acclaim but were slated inside Broadcasting House, later in the 1990s the Britpop boom declined, and manufactured chart pop came to dominate the charts
18.
Lionsgate
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Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. doing business as Lionsgate, is an American, Canadian-domiciled entertainment & media company. The company was formed on July 10,1997, in Vancouver, British Columbia and it owns a variety of subsidiaries such as the American film production company Summit Entertainment, and Debmar-Mercury, a television syndication company acquired by Lionsgate in 2006. Giustra had recently retired as CEO from Yorkton, an investment bank, Giustra then merged Lionsgate with Toronto Stock Exchange listed Beringer Gold Corp. to take the company public. Beringers mining assets were sold off. Lionsgate then began a series of acquisitions to get into the film industry, the company bought a number of small production facilities and distributors, starting with Montreal-based Cinépix Film Properties and North Shore Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia. Mandalay Television was acquired by Lionsgate from Peter Guber for a 4% Lionsgate stake, in 1998, Lionsgate helped Guber form Mandalay Pictures with a 45% investment in Mandalay. Lionsgate followed that up with a June purchase of International Movie Group, Inc. a bankrupt film distributor previously invested in by Guber and Yorktown Securities, iMGs CEO Peter Strauss became president of Lions Gate Entertainment, Inc. Lionsgates U. S. film & TV production & distribution subsidiary, Lions Gate Media subsidiary was also formed to produce for television. Completing its first year of operation, Lionsgate had revenue of $42.2 million with loss of $397,000, the company share price dropped to a low of $1.40. This limited the ability to make acquisitions via stock swaps. Lionsgate instead made its acquisition of Termite Art Productions, a reality-based television production company. Lionsgate created US based Avalanche Films and acquired half of Sterling Home Entertainment, again, Lionsgate registered losses in its second year of $9.3 million on revenues of $78.3 million with most of the losses were from its stake in Mandalay Pictures. Thus in the summer, Lionsgate placed its studios up for sale with no buyers, TV operations were changed to non-network hourlong series over riskier network shows and ended its relationship with Mandalay Television. The corporation sought out more capital and cash with a filing of a prospectus for the sale of preferred stock and common stock warrants. This led to Feltheimer taking over as CEO from Giustra thus the passed over Doroniuk left the company, Feltheimer increased film making including several $1 million films at Avalanche. However, Federgreen still remains one of the owners of the company and is extremely involved in the making of all their major movies. In June, Lionsgate acquired Trimark Holdings, Inc. for approximately $50 million in stock, Lionsgate continued making acquisitions during the decade to boost distribution and its film library. On December 15,2003, Lionsgate acquired Artisan Entertainment for $220 million, in 2004, Erik Nelson reacquired Termite Art and renamed it to Creative Differences
19.
Maroon 5
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Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band that originated in Los Angeles, California. The band, which self-released an album called We Like Digging, then signed to Reprise Records and released the album The Fourth World in 1997. After the album garnered a tepid response, the band parted ways with the record label, in 2001, the band changed its image by adding guitarist James Valentine and pursuing a different direction under the name Maroon 5. At this point, Carmichael switched to playing keyboards, which has become his main instrument in the band. After these changes, Maroon 5 signed with a subsidiary of J Records, Octone Records, the albums lead single, Harder to Breathe, received heavy airplay, which helped the album to debut at number six on the Billboard 200 chart. In 2004, the album went platinum and has dubbed the sleeper hit of the millennium. The band won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2005, for the next few years, Maroon 5 toured extensively worldwide in support of Songs About Jane and produced two live recordings, 2004s 1.22.03. Acoustic and 2005s Live – Friday the 13th. In 2006, Dusick officially left Maroon 5 after suffering from serious wrist, the band then recorded their second album, It Wont Be Soon Before Long and released it in May 2007. The album reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, in September 2010, Maroon 5 released their third studio album Hands All Over, which was re-released in 2011 to include the single Moves like Jagger featuring Christina Aguilera. While the original version of the album received mixed reviews, Moves like Jagger reached the one position on the Billboard Hot 100. The band released their album, Overexposed, on June 26,2012. All four singles of the album were successful on the Billboard Hot 100, including second single One More Night. Keyboardist PJ Morton became a member of the band in 2012. The addition of PJ Morton meant that for the first time, in 2014, the band signed with Interscope Records and released their fifth studio album, V. Maroon 5 has sold more than 20 million albums and 70 million singles worldwide, Adam Levine was introduced to Ryan Dusick by a mutual friend and guitarist, Adam Salzman. Levine was 15 years old and Dusick was 16, three of the five members of the band started playing together at age 12. The four original members of the band met while attending Brentwood EMH School in Los Angeles, while attending Brentwood EMH School, Adam Levine and Jesse Carmichael joined up with Mickey Madden and Ryan Dusick to form Karas Flowers, a rock band. The name was taken from a girl went to their high school that the band had a collective crush on
20.
Arcade Fire
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Founded in 2001 by friends and classmates Win Butler and Josh Deu, the band came to prominence in 2004 with the release of their critically acclaimed debut album Funeral. Their second studio album, Neon Bible, won them the 2008 Meteor Music Award for Best International Album and their third studio album, The Suburbs, was released in 2010 to critical acclaim and commercial success. It received many accolades, including the 2011 Grammy for Album of the Year, the 2011 Juno Award for Album of the Year, Win Butler and Josh Deu founded Arcade Fire in Montreal around 2001, having first met at Phillips Exeter Academy as high school students. Both attended Concordia University, where their musical ideas began to develop, the duo began rehearsing their material at McGill University where they met Régine Chassagne, a music student whom they asked to join them. Deu recalls, Win and I played guitar and we had no music to show her, but she ended up saying yes to joining us, and I don’t know why. Maybe there was a spark with Win. The trio recorded a set of demos and began performing live in the half of 2001. The initial Montreal structure of the band began to dissolve in the summer of 2002, tension between Butler and bassist Myles Broscoe led the latter to exit the band following the recording session. Richard Reed Parry, who had enlisted to help the band record, began to collaborate with them during the sessions. Around the same time, Joshua Deu left the band to continue his studies, in the winter of 2003, the band celebrated the release of its EP with a show at Montreals Casa del Popolo. Before a crowd packed beyond capacity, the set ended with an argument between Butler and Reed, who quit the band on-stage. Mills told gathered friends in the crowd immediately thereafter that he considered the band to have broken up, the eponymous release was sold at early shows. After the band achieved fame, the EP was subsequently remastered, the promise shown by the new band in its early live shows allowed them to land a record contract with the independent record label, Merge Records, before the end of its first year together. When asked about the rumour that the name refers to a fire in an arcade, Win Butler replied, Its not a rumour. Its not an event, but one that I took to be real. I would say that its something that the kid made up. Funeral was released in September 2004 in Canada and February 2005 in Great Britain, the title of the debut album referred to the deaths of several relatives of band members during its recording. These events created an atmosphere that influenced songs such as Une année sans lumière, In the Backseat
21.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
22.
Twitter
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Twitter is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, tweets, restricted to 140 characters. Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them, users access Twitter through its website interface, SMS or a mobile device app. Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams and launched in July. The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, in 2012, more than 100 million users posted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has described as the SMS of the Internet. As of 2016, Twitter had more than 319 million monthly active users. On the day of the 2016 U. S. presidential election, Twitter proved to be the largest source of breaking news, Twitters origins lie in a daylong brainstorming session held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. Jack Dorsey, then a student at New York University. The original project name for the service was twttr, an idea that Williams later ascribed to Noah Glass, inspired by Flickr. The developers initially considered 10958 as a code, but later changed it to 40404 for ease of use. Work on the project started on March 21,2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter message at 9,50 PM Pacific Standard Time, Dorsey has explained the origin of the Twitter title. we came across the word twitter, and it was just perfect. The definition was a short burst of inconsequential information, and chirps from birds, and thats exactly what the product was. The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as a service for Odeo employees. Williams fired Glass, who was silent about his part in Twitters startup until 2011, Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007. Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early period in a 2013 interview, With Twitter and they called it a social network, they called it microblogging, but it was hard to define, because it didnt replace anything. There was this path of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is, Twitter actually changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status updates and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was Twitter was really more of an information network than it is a social network, the tipping point for Twitters popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000, the Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages, remarked Newsweeks Steven Levy
23.
Country pop
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Country pop is a subgenre of country music and pop music that was developed by members of the Country genre out of a desire to reach a larger, mainstream audience. It is a continuation of efforts that began in the late 1950s originally known as Nashville sound. By the mid-1970s, many artists were transitioning to the pop-country sound which led to some records charting high on mainstream top 40 as well as country Billboard charts. According to Bill Ivey, this genre originated in Nashville, Tennessee. He believes that the Nashville Sound often produced records that sounded more pop than country, after the removal of the fiddle, Patsy Cline, Jim Reeves, and Eddy Arnold were among the most popular artists during this time. This was intended to have country singers gain more success in pop music, the first male artists to come out of this new genre were Jim Reeves and Eddy Arnold, who both grew to have widespread acceptance among both country and pop music listeners. Both Jim Reeves and Eddy Arnold had major influence on their RCA labelmate Elvis Presley, apparent not only in secular songs, the first female country singer to emerge from this new genre was Patsy Cline in the early 1960s. The example she created was followed by female country artists, such as Lynn Anderson, Crystal Gayle and Shania Twain. Country pop found its first widespread acceptance during the 1970s and it started when pop music singers, like Glen Campbell, John Denver, Olivia Newton-John and Anne Murray, began having hits on the country charts. Songs like Campbells Rhinestone Cowboy were among the biggest crossover hits in country music history and these pop-oriented singers thought that they could gain higher record sales and a larger audience if they crossed over into the country world. One of the artists who did this was Olivia Newton-John, who emerged from Australia in the mid-1970s, a group of artists, troubled by this trend, formed the Association of Country Entertainers in 1974. The debate raged into 1975, and reached its apex at that years Country Music Association Awards when reigning Entertainer of the Year Charlie Rich presented the award to his successor, as he read Denvers name, Rich set fire to the envelope with a cigarette lighter. The action was taken in some quarters as a protest against the pop style in country music. However, the ACE would only last two years, its two biggest backers, firm traditionalists George Jones and Tammy Wynette, faced a bitter divorce. In 1979 Barbara Mandrell had her highest crossover hit with her number 1 song I Dont Want to Be Right It charted number 31 on the Billboard Top 40, several of her other hits charted well on the adult contemporary charts and the Bubbling under 100 charts. Mandrell also did countrypolitan style music on her Barbara Mandrell & the Mandrell Sisters show and she had R & B artists, pop artists and country artists featured every week. It was the last successful musical variety show on TV and she is also known for her Blue-Eyed Soul sound. She was given the nickname The Princess of Steel, for her ability at the steel guitar and she was one of country musics most successful crossover artists during the 1970s and 1980s
24.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
25.
Key (music)
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In music theory, the key of a piece is a group of pitches, or scale upon which a music composition is created in classical, Western art, and Western pop music. Notes and chords other than the tonic in a piece create varying degrees of tension, the key may be in the major or minor mode, although major is assumed in a phrase like this piece is in C. Popular songs are usually in a key, and so is classical music during the common practice period, longer pieces in the classical repertoire may have sections in contrasting keys. Methods that establish the key for a piece can be complicated to explain. The key signature is not always a reliable guide to the key of a written piece, occasionally, a piece in a mode such as Mixolydian or Dorian is written with a major or minor key signature appropriate to the tonic, and accidentals throughout the piece. Pieces in modes not corresponding to major or minor keys may sometimes be referred to as being in the key of the tonic. A piece using some type of harmony, resolving e. g. to A. An instrument may be said to be in a key, an unrelated usage referring to the pitches considered natural for that instrument. For example, modern trumpets are usually in the key of B♭, a key relationship is the relationship between keys, measured by common tones and nearness on the circle of fifths. The key usually identifies the tonic note and/or chord, the note and/or major or minor triad that represents the point of rest for a piece. For example, the key of G includes the following pitches, G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯, and its corresponding tonic chord is G—B—D. Most often at the beginning and end of traditional pieces during the common practice period, a key may be major or minor. Music can be described as being in the Dorian mode, or Phrygian, languages other than English may use other key naming systems. Although many musicians confuse key with scale, a scale is a set of notes typically used in a key, while the key is the center of gravity. All of these notes and chords, however, are used in patterns that serve to establish the primacy of the tonic note. Cadences are particularly important in the establishment of key, even cadences that do not include the tonic note or triad, such as half cadences and deceptive cadences, serve to establish key because those chord sequences imply a unique diatonic context. Short pieces may stay in a single key throughout, more elaborate pieces may establish the main key, then modulate to another key, or a series of keys, then back to the original key. In the Baroque it was common to repeat a phrase of music, called a ritornello
26.
G major
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G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. Its key signature has one sharp, F♯, G majors relative minor is E minor, and its parallel minor is G minor. For orchestral works in G major, the timpani are typically set to G and D, in the Baroque era, G major was regarded as the key of benediction. Of Domenico Scarlattis 555 keyboard sonatas, G major is the key for 69. Pianist Jeremy Denk observes that the Goldberg Variations are 80 minutes in G major, twelve of Joseph Haydns 104 Symphonies are in G major. See also, List of symphonies in G major, likewise one of Haydns most famous piano trios, No. 39, and one of his last two complete published string quartets, are in G major, G major is the home key of Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik, serving as the tonic for three of its four movements. However, almost none of his works such as his symphonies or concertos are in this key. 17, Flute Concerto No.1 and his String Quartet No,14, along with some examples among his juvenilia. G sometimes called the key, is one of the most frequently-employed keys across classical. It is the key stipulated by Queen Elizabeth II to be used for God Save the Queen in Canada, the music to the American national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner, was originally written in G major. God Defend New Zealand was originally composed by John Joseph Woods in A-flat, key Major and minor Chord Chord names and symbols Media related to G major at Wikimedia Commons
27.
Downtempo
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Downtempo is a genre of electronic music similar to ambient, but with a greater emphasis on rhythm, and is not as earthy as trip hop. The 1990s brought on a wave of slower paced music which was played throughout chillout rooms—the relaxation sections of the clubs or dedicated sections at electronic music events. Downtempo music started to surface around Ibiza, when DJs and promoters would bring down the vibe with slower rhythm and gentler electronic music upon approaching sunrise. In the late 1980s, trip hop emerged from Bristol, which combined elements of hip hop beats, drum and bass breaks, at the end of the 1990s a more melodic instrumental electronica incorporating acoustic sounds with electronic styles emerged under its own umbrella name of downtempo. In the late 1990s, the Austrian duo Kruder & Dorfmeister popularized the style with their downtempo remixes of pop, hip-hop, and drum and bass tracks with influences of the 70s soul jazz. Britons Steve Cobby and Dave McSherry, producing under the name Fila Brazillia, released a handful of downtempo, electronica and ambient techno albums that propelled the style further. In 2010, downtempo pop was described by The Atlantic as a variety of styles from the 2000s characterized by mellow beats, vintage synthesizers. In other words, a term that includes chillwave, glo-fi
28.
Acoustic guitar
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An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification. The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitars body and this typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings. The main source of sound in a guitar is the string. The string vibrates at a frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies. The frequencies produced can depend on string length, mass, gitterns, a small plucked guitar were the first small guitar-like instruments created during the Middle Ages with a round back like that of a lute. Modern guitar shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era where the body, the earliest string instruments that related to the guitar and its structure where broadly known as the vihuelas within Spanish musical culture. Vihuelas where string instruments that were seen in the 16th century during the Renaissance. Later, Spanish writers distinguished these instruments into 2 categories of vihuelas, the vihuela de arco was an instrument that mimicked the violin, and the vihuela de penola was played with a plectrum or by hand. When it was played by hand it was known as the vihuela de mano, vihuela de mano shared extreme similarities with the Renaissance guitar as it used hand movement at the sound hole or sound chamber of the instrument to create music. The real production of guitars kicked off in France where the popularity, the production became so large that early famous creators such as Gaspard Duyffooprucgars instruments were being sold as copies by other guitar makers in Lyon. Benoist Lejeune, a maker, offered and sold guitar copies of Duyffoprucgars instruments and was later imprisoned for using his mark and work. During this time, the production was increasing tremendously but it was not until Robert and Claude Denis appeared overproducing the early Renaissance guitar in Paris, as father and son, Robert and Claude produced hundreds of guitars that increased the popularity of the instrument greatly. Because of them and the great many guitar inventors of this time, by 1790 only six-course vihuela guitars were being created and had become the main type and model of guitar used in Spain. Most of the older 5-course guitars where still in use but were also being modified to a six-coursed acoustical guitar, by the 19th century, coursed strings where evolved into 6 single-stringed instruments much like that of the guitar today. It had evolved into the modern look except for size, retaining a smaller frame, the acoustic guitars soundboard, or top, also has a strong effect on the loudness of the guitar. No amplification actually occurs in this process, because no energy is added to increase the loudness of the sound. All the energy is provided by the plucking of the string, but without a soundboard, the string would just cut through the air without actually moving it much. The soundboard increases the surface of the area in a process called mechanical impedance matching
29.
The Hunger Games
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The Hunger Games is a trilogy of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins. The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young characters Katniss Everdeen, the novels in the trilogy are titled The Hunger Games, Catching Fire, and Mockingjay. The novels have all developed into films, with the film adaptation of Mockingjay split into two parts. The first two books in the series were both New York Times best sellers, and Mockingjay topped all US bestseller lists upon its release. By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012, the Hunger Games universe is a dystopia set in Panem, a country consisting of the wealthy Capitol and 12 districts in varying states of poverty. Every year, children from the districts are selected to participate in an annual televised death match called The Hunger Games. The novels were all well received, in August 2012, the series ranked second, beaten only by the Harry Potter series in NPRs poll of the top 100 teen novels, which asked voters to choose their favorite young adult books. On August 17,2012, Amazon announced The Hunger Games trilogy as its top seller, as of 2014, the trilogy has sold more than 65 million copies in the U. S. alone. The Hunger Games trilogy has been sold into 56 territories in 51 languages to date, the Hunger Games trilogy takes place in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America. The country consists of a wealthy Capitol city, located in the Rocky Mountains, the Capitol is lavishly rich and technologically advanced, but the districts are in varying states of poverty. The trilogys narrator and protagonist Katniss Everdeen, lives in District 12, the poorest region of Panem, located in Appalachia, the Games are a televised event in which the participants, called tributes, are forced to fight to the death in a dangerous public arena. The winning tribute and his/her home district are then rewarded with food, supplies, the Hunger Games is the first book in the series and was released on September 14,2008. The Hunger Games follows 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her younger sister Primrose Everdeen, also participating from District 12 is Peeta Mellark, a boy who has developed a secret crush on Katniss. They are mentored by District 12s only living victor, Haymitch Abernathy, Peeta confesses his love for Katniss in a television interview prior to the Games, leading the Capitol to portray Katniss and Peeta as star-crossed lovers. This revelation surprises Katniss, who harbors feelings for Gale Hawthorne, her friend, Haymitch advises Katniss to play along and feign feelings for Peeta in order to gain wealthy sponsors who can gift them crucial supplies during the Games. In the arena, Katniss develops an alliance with Rue, a tribute from District 11 who reminds Katniss of her kid sister. Katniss devises a memorial for Rue by placing flowers over her body as an act of defiance toward the Capitol. More than halfway through The Games, the tributes are alerted to a rule change that allows both tributes from the same district to be declared victors if they are the final two standing
30.
Music journalism
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Music journalism is media criticism and reporting about popular music topics, including pop music, rock music, and related styles. Journalists began writing music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on what is now thought of as classical music. An influential English 19th-century music critic, for example, was James William Davison of The Times, the composer Hector Berlioz also wrote reviews and criticisms for the Paris press of the 1830s and 1840s. The 1840s could be considered a point, in that music critics after the 1840s generally were not also practicing musicians. However, counterexamples include Alfred Brendel, Charles Rosen, Paul Hindemith, in the early 1980s, a decline in the quantity of classical criticism began occurring when classical-music criticism visibly started to disappear from the media. Also of concern in classical music journalism was how American reviewers can write about ethnic and folk music from other than their own, such as Indian ragas. The performers be treated as human beings and their music be treated as human activity rather than a mystical or mysterious phenomenon, the review should show an understanding of the musics cultural backgrounds and intentions. A key finding in a 2005 study of journalism in America was that the profile of the average classical music critic is a white, 52-year old male. Demographics indicated that the group was 74% male, 92% white, davis, one of the most respected voices of the craft, said he had been forced out after 26 years. Music writers only started treating pop and rock music seriously in 1964 after the breakthrough of the Beatles, one of the early music magazines in Britain, Melody Maker, complained in 1967 about how newspapers and magazines are continually hammering pop music. Melody Maker magazine advocated the new forms of pop music of the late 1960s, by 1999, the quality press was regularly carrying reviews of popular music gigs and albums, which had a key role in keeping pop in the public eye. As more pop music critics began writing, this had the effect of legitimating pop as an art form, as a result, in the world of pop music criticism, there has tended to be a quick turnover. In the realm of music, as in that of classical music. Frank Zappa declared that, Most rock journalism is people who cant write, interviewing people who cant talk, in the 2000s, online music bloggers began to supplement, and to some degree displace, music journalists in print media. In 2006, Martin Edlund of the New York Sun criticized the trend, arguing that while the Internet has democratized music criticism, slate magazine writer Jody Rosen discussed the 2000s-era trends in pop music criticism in his article The Perils of Poptimism. Rosen noted that much of the debate is centered on a perception that rock critics regard rock as normative … the standard state of popular music … to which everything else is compared. At a 2006 pop critic conference, attendees discussed their guilty pop pleasures, reconsidering musicians and genres which rock critics have dismissed as lightweight. Rosen stated that this new paradigm is called popism — or, more evocatively
31.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
32.
Idolator (website)
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Created by the blog network Gawker Media in August 2006, Idolator was later sold to rival blog network Buzz Media, which also owns Stereogum and Spin. In September 2016, the website was sold to Hive Media along with Buzznet, the current editor-in-chief is Robbie Daw. The blog also took advantage of surrounding the Pazz & Jop critics poll by The Village Voice in November 2006
33.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
34.
Entertainment Weekly
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Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
35.
The Wall Street Journal
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The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, the newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation, according to the Alliance for Audited Media, the Journal had a circulation of about 2.4 million copies as of March 2013, compared with USA Todays 1.7 million. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes through 2015 and derives its name from Wall Street in the heart of the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8,1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, the Journal also publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ. They were later aggregated in a daily summary called the Customers Afternoon Letter. In 1896, The Dow Jones Industrial Average was officially launched and it was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journals Review & Outlook column, which still today, appeared for the first time. Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for US$130,000 in 1902, circulation was then around 7,000, Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism. In 1921, Barrons, Americas premier financial weekly, was founded, Barron died in 1928, a year before Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great Depression in the United States. Barrons descendants, the Bancroft family, would continue to control the company until 2007, the Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York. Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in 1941, under Kilgore, in 1947, that the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize, for William Henry Grimess editorials. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies, later, the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group. In 2007 News Corp. acquired Dow Jones, a luxury lifestyle magazine, was launched in 2008. A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online, was launched in 1996, in 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journals print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements. In 2007, it was believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on the Web. Since then, online subscribership has fallen, due in part to rising subscription costs, in May 2008, an annual subscription to the online edition of The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly cost for a subscription to the edition was $22.99, or $275.88 annually
36.
70th Golden Globe Awards
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The 70th Golden Globe Awards honoring the best in film and television of 2012, was broadcast live from the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on January 13,2013, by NBC. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler co-hosted, nominations were announced on December 13 by Jessica Alba, Megan Fox and Ed Helms. DeMille Award, honoring the achievements of actors and filmmakers, was announced on November 1,2012. The ceremony was produced by Dick Clark Productions in association with the Hollywood Foreign Press Association and these are the nominees for the 70th Golden Globe Awards. Winners are listed at the top of each list
37.
Adele
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Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE is an English singer-songwriter. After graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006, in 2007, she received the Brit Awards Critics Choice award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll. Her debut album,19, was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success and it is certified seven times platinum in the UK, and three times platinum in the US. An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US, at the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. She released her studio album,21, in early 2011. The album has been certified 16 times platinum in the UK, in the US, it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985, and is certified diamond. The album has sold over 31 million copies worldwide, the success of 21 earned Adele numerous mentions in the Guinness Book of World Records. 21 is the number one album by a female solo artist in the history of the UK. In 2012, Adele released Skyfall, which she co-wrote and recorded for the James Bond film of the same name. The song won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, after taking a three-year break, Adele released her third studio album,25, in 2015. It became the years best-selling album and broke first week records in the UK. 25 was her album to be certified diamond in the US and earned her five Grammy Awards, including her second Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The lead single, Hello, became the first song in the US to sell one million digital copies within a week of its release. Her third concert tour, Adele Live 2016, visited Europe, North America and Oceania, in 2011,2012 and 2016, Billboard named Adele Artist of the Year. In 2012, she was listed at five on VH1s 100 Greatest Women in Music. Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2016, with sales of more than 100 million records, Adele is one of the best-selling recording artists in the world. Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her. She began singing at age four and asserts that she became obsessed with voices, growing up, Adele spent most of her time singing rather than reading, the last book she read was Roald Dahls Matilda when she was six years old
38.
Skyfall (Adele song)
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Skyfall is the theme song of the 2012 James Bond film Skyfall, performed by British singer Adele. It was co-written by Adele and producer Paul Epworth and features orchestration by J. A. C, film company Eon Productions invited the singer to work on the theme song in early 2011, a task that Adele accepted after reading the films script. While composing the song, Adele and Epworth aimed to capture the mood and style of the other Bond themes, including dark and moody lyrics descriptive of the films plot. Skyfall was released at 0,07 BST on 5 October 2012 as part of the Global James Bond Day, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the release of Dr. No, the first James Bond film. The song quickly went to the top of the iTunes chart, reviews were positive, with the song being compared to Shirley Basseys Bond themes, and Skyfall became the first Bond theme to win at the Golden Globes, the Brit Awards and the Academy Awards. It also won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media, during the 85th Academy Awards, Adele performed the song live for the first time. Adele, who had just released her second album 21, admitted that initially she was a little hesitant about agreeing to write a Bond theme song. Mendes simply replied just write a song, telling her to use Carly Simons Nobody Does It Better from The Spy Who Loved Me as an inspiration. Adele left the meeting with the script of Skyfall and, upon reading it, producer Paul Epworth, who had worked with Adele on 21, was brought in to help her write the song. Adele stated that she enjoyed working to a brief and set of guidelines, production of Skyfall, from the first contact with Adele to the songs release, took 18 months to complete. Vollack stated that the reason for this was fine-tuning the song, as Adele, the first cut of the song was completed in October 2011, as Adele had free time after cancelling the final concerts of her Adele Live tour due to vocal problems. During an interview at their post-Academy Award for Best Original Song win in February 2013, after Adele underwent throat microsurgery for vocal problems, she recorded a demo of the track and sent it to Mendes, who was doing the principal photography of Skyfall. The director in turn played the demo for film producer Barbara Broccoli and Bond actor Daniel Craig, Adele stated that the final cut of the song lasted two studio sessions at Abbey Road Studios in London. It features a 77-piece orchestra conducted by J. A. C, Skyfall is an orchestral pop song with a duration of four minutes and forty-six seconds. Epworth stated that although Skyfall is a composition, he. The song intentionally references Monty Normans James Bond Theme after the first chorus, a sense of death and rebirth. Epworth identified as an uniting factor a minor ninth as the harmonic code, the Bond songs, they have that elaboration to it, and wrote what would become the instrumental part of Skyfall. He described it as a bit of a Eureka, Skyfall was composed in the key of C minor using common time at 76 beats per minute
39.
55th Annual Grammy Awards
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The 55th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 10,2013, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. The show was broadcast on CBS at 8 p. m. ET/PT and was hosted for the time by LL Cool J. The Pre-Telecast Ceremony was streamed live from LAs Nokia Theater at the official Grammy website, Nominations were announced on December 5,2012 on prime-time television as part of The GRAMMY Nominations Concert Live. – Countdown to Musics Biggest Night, a one-hour special co-hosted by LL Cool J & Taylor Swift and broadcast live on CBS from the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee. Fun, Frank Ocean, Mumford & Sons, Jay-Z, Kanye West and Dan Auerbach received the most nominations with six each, all of whom were male artists. Gotye and Kimbra won the Record of the Year for Somebody That I Used to Know, becoming the second Australian and first New Zealand act to win the award. Mumford & Sons won the Album of the Year for Babel, kelly Clarkson won the Best Pop Vocal Album for Stronger, becoming the first and only artist to win the award twice. Dan Auerbach won the most number of awards during the ceremony, with five, followed by The Black Keys, Gotye, Jay-Z, Skrillex, Kanye West, with three each. Other multiple winners include, Chick Corea, Fun, Kimbra, Mumford & Sons, Frank Ocean, Matt Redman,70 of them were presented at the pre-telecast at the Nokia Theatre, with the remaining 11 were presented at the main ceremony. Bruce Springsteen received the MusiCares Person of the Year award on February 8,2013 at the 23rd Grammy Benefit Gala at the Los Angeles Convention Center, the official poster was designed by Artist Erika Iris Simmons. The program producer is AEG Ehrlich Ventures, with Ken Ehrlich serving as producer, Louis J. Horvitz as director and David Wild. Pt.1 – Lupe Fiasco Life Is Good – Nas Undun – The Roots God Forgives, – The Okee Dokee Brothers High Dive and Other Things That Could Have Happened. Atlantic Riband, American Rhapsody, Divinium Mysterium Gershwin, Piano Concerto In F, four artists had three nominations without a win, Bruce Springsteen, Jack White, Hunter Hayes and Marvin Sapp. Two artists received a posthumous Grammy Award, Gil Evans and Ravi Shankar, for many winners, this years Grammy Award wasnt their first. In fact, over 40 winners now have achieved three or more wins and this year he won a posthumous award. The longest span for any artist who is still active was for Paul McCartney, janis Ian won her first Grammy in 37 years, having last won in 1976 in the Best Female Pop Vocal Performance category. In its original television broadcast, the ceremony received a 25 share/rating among viewers aged 18–49 and was watched by 28.37 million people. Official website The Recording Academy Grammy Category List CBS GRAMMY Site
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