A snuff film is a genre that purports to show scenes of actual homicide. The promotion of these films depends on sensational claims which are impossible to prove, there are sophisticated special effects for simulating murder. A snuff film, or snuff movie, is "a movie in a purported genre of movies in which a person is murdered or commits suicide, it may or may not be made for financial gain, but is "circulated amongst a jaded few for the purpose of entertainment". Some filmed records of executions and murders exist, but in those cases, the death was not staged for financial gain or entertainment; the first known use of the term snuff movie is in a 1971 book by Ed Sanders, The Family: The Story of Charles Manson's Dune Buggy Attack Battalion. He alleges that the Manson Family was involved in making such a film in California to record their murders; the noun snuff meant the part of a candle wick that has burned. The word has been used in this sense in English slang for hundreds of years, it was defined in 1874 as a "term common among the lower orders of London, meaning to die from disease or accident".

Film studies professor Boaz Hagin argues that the concept of snuff films originated decades earlier than is believed, at least as early as 1907. That year, Polish-French writer Guillaume Apollinaire published the short story "A Good Film" about newsreel photojournalists who stage and film a murder due to public fascination with crime news. Hagin proposes that the film Network contains an explicit snuff film depiction when television news executives orchestrate the on-air murder of a news anchor to boost ratings. According to film critic Geoffrey O'Brien, "whether or not commercially distributed'snuff' movies exist, the possibility of such movies is implicit in the stock B-movie motif of the mad artist killing his models, as in A Bucket of Blood, Color Me Blood Red, or Decoy for Terror known as Playgirl Killer; the concept of "snuff films" being made for profit became more known with the commercial film Snuff. This low-budget exploitation horror film titled Slaughter, was directed by Michael and Roberta Findlay.

In an interview decades Roberta Findlay said the film's distributor Allan Shackleton had read about snuff films being imported from South America and retitled Slaughter to Snuff, to exploit the idea. The promotion of Snuff on its second release suggested it featured the murder of an actress: "The film that could only be made in South America... where life is CHEAP", but, false advertising. Shackleton put out false newspaper clippings that reported a citizens group's crusading against the film and hired people to act as protesters to picket screenings; the first two films in the Japanese Guinea Pig series are designed to look like snuff films. The sixth film in the series, Mermaid in a Manhole served as an inspiration for Japanese serial killer Tsutomu Miyazaki, who murdered several preschool girls in the late 1980s. In 1991, actor Charlie Sheen became convinced that Flower of Flesh and Blood, the second film in the series, depicted an actual homicide and contacted the FBI; the Bureau initiated an investigation but closed it after the series' producers released a "making of" film demonstrating the special effects used to simulate the murders.

The Italian director Ruggero Deodato was charged after rumors that the depictions of the killing of the main actors in his film Cannibal Holocaust were real. He was able to clear himself of the charges. Other than graphic gore, the film contains several scenes of sexual violence and the genuine deaths of six animals onscreen and one off screen, issues which find Cannibal Holocaust in the midst of controversy to this day, it has been claimed that Cannibal Holocaust is banned in over 50 countries, although this has never been verified. In 2006, Entertainment Weekly magazine named Cannibal Holocaust as the 20th most controversial film of all-time; this trilogy of films, purportedly portraying amateur footage made by a serial killer and his friends, depicting gore, sex and murders, has some of its scenes distributed on the darknet as if the footage were real. A racket in which prostitutes are brought illegally from Mexico into the United States to be killed on film is the plot premise of the movie Cold in July.

Manhunt tells the story of James Earl Cash, a executed death row inmate, forced to participate in a series of snuff films for a former film producer and now underground snuff director, It was released by developer Rockstar North in 2003. Johnny Depp directed and starred in the 1997 film The Brave, in which a poverty-stricken Native American man sells his life to a producer of snuff films in order to provide for his family. Live streaming crimes Crush film Dnepropetrovsk maniacs Faces of Death Martyrdom video Mondo films Beheading video Ricardo López R. Budd Dwyer, an American politician who shot himself while giving a filmed press conference David Kerekes and David Slater. Killing for Culture: Death Film from Mondo to Snuff. London: Creation Books, 1996. Snuff film at Curlie

Louise Essengue Eloumu Parfait is a Cameroonian footballer who plays for Liga 1 club TIRA-Persikabo as a central midfielder. He was known as Essengue or P. Essengue on his shirt but refer as Louise Parfait in Italian media. Essengue began his career in Italy with Genoa. With the youth team he won the Coppa Italia Primavera 2008/09, he was sent on loan to Serie B club Piacenza for the 2009–10 season. He made his debut for Piacenza on October 2009 as starter in a 2 -- 3 home defeat against Modena. On 21 July 2011 he was signed by Ascoli. On 21 June 2012 he was transferred to A. C. Cesena for €150,000 in 4-year contract. On 2 September 2013 Essengue joined Italian third division club Lecce. On 14 January 2014 he was signed by Pisa. On 8 August 2014 Essengue was sold to Chiasso. Parfait has played for Cameroon at Under-20 level. In 2009, he played in the African Youth Championship, held in Rwanda, he represented Cameroon team in the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, where he played three games. Profile at AIC.it

This is a list of WWE pay-per-view and WWE Network events, detailing all professional wrestling cards promoted on pay-per-view and the WWE Network by WWE. WWE has been broadcasting PPV events since the 1980s, when its classic "Big Four" events were first established; the company's PPV lineup expanded to a monthly basis in the mid-1990s before expanding further in the early-2000s. Aside from its standard monthly schedule, WWE produced additional international PPVs between 1997 and 2003; these events were not available in the United States and coincided with overseas tours in the United Kingdom. Following WWE's original brand extension in 2002, the company promoted two touring rosters representing its Raw and SmackDown television programs; the traditional "Big Four" continued to showcase the entire roster, while the remaining PPV events alternated between Raw and SmackDown cards. A special ECW PPV in 2005 led to the creation of an ECW brand in 2006, which received its own dedicated PPV events. In March 2007, WWE announced that all subsequent PPV events would feature performers from all brands.

In 2008, all WWE PPV events began broadcasting in high-definition. The company's PPV business began to drastically change with the launch of the WWE Network on February 24, 2014. While most of the WWE events still air in many parts of the world on traditional PPV channels, WWE's focus has shifted away from delivering their events on PPV channels, their main focus now is delivering all of the events on the WWE Network, including some that are on the Network. WWE has pushed the Network's launching price of US$9.99 monthly as a way to lure potential customers away from traditional PPV which, on average, costs five to six times as much as the Network. The WWE Network features the back catalog of WWE, WCW, ECW PPV events, as well as all WWE Network exclusive events from NXT Arrival onwards in their on-demand section. All WWE Network events that have aired since the launch of the Network have been broadcast in high-definition. Since the second brand extension in July 2016, brand-exclusive PPVs returned with only the "Big Four" as the only PPVs to feature both Raw and SmackDown brands.

Just like the previous brand extension, brand exclusive PPVs ended after WrestleMania 34. In addition to the WWE Network, WWE PPVs are still made available on traditional PPV outlets in the United States by In Demand. In Canada, WWE PPVs are available through Vu!, Shaw PPV, or SaskTel PPV, can be seen in movie theatres in HD through selected locations of the Cineplex Entertainment chain, a practice dating to the Famous Players ownership by Viacom. In Australia, WWE's pay-per-views are shown on Main Event. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, all PPVs are shown on Sky Sports Box Office. In India and South Asia, a single broadcaster holds the rights to all WWE programming, including PPVs, they are broadcast for no additional charge. WWE PPV events are 3½ hours to 4 hours in length, while WWE's WrestleMania events are 5 to 5½ hours in length. WWE airs a pre-show before most Network events known as the Kickoff show; each Kickoff show includes matches, a panel of experts previewing the upcoming line-up.

The Kickoff pre-show began as a 30-minute show before expanding to 1 hour, beginning with Night of Champions in September 2014. The "Big Four" Kickoff shows are the longest, at 2 hours. WWE airs a post-show after some Network events. Known as Fallout, known as Raw Talk and Talking Smack during the brand-only events, each post-show includes interviews and a panel of experts analyzing the event; the post-shows vary in length. The NXT TakeOver events began at 2 hours in length before expanding to 2½ hours, beginning with TakeOver: Brooklyn in 2015, sometimes 3 hours, beginning with TakeOver: New Orleans in 2018; each TakeOver pre-show includes a panel of experts previewing the upcoming line-up. The TakeOver pre-shows are 30 minutes in length while some have been 1 hour, beginning with TakeOver: San Antonio in 2017. WWE occasionally aired a post-show after TakeOver events known as TakeOver Fallout; each TakeOver Fallout included a panel of experts analyzing the event. The Fallout post-shows varied in length.

WrestleMania 2 was staged at three locations. Each match is listed as the main event for that venue's card. Hulk Hogan vs. King Kong Bundy was billed as the official main event; the WWE Network was launched on February 24, 2014. Every pay-per-view event from this point forward aired on both traditional PPV outlets and the WWE Network. However, beginning with NXT Arrival, several additional events began airing on the Network; the Network exclusives are noted below. Total – 429 These ten wrestlers have the most PPV matches. Only the actual pay-per-view matches are counted. No pre-show or dark matches. Many WWE events are thematic, centered on particular types of matches, or have an annually-recurring main-event. Most themed events are treated like filler themed events to carry the audience until the next event dating back to the days when the In Your House system was used. 2020 in professional wrestling List of ECW pay-per-view events List of FMW supercards and pay-per-view events List of ROH pay-per-view events List of Impact Wrestling pay-per-view events List of NWA/WCW closed-circuit events and pay-per-view events List of NJPW pay-per-view events List of AEW pay-per-view events List of Major League Wrestling events WWE Official Website WWE Network WWE Corporate Website

Heleen Mees is a Dutch opinion writer and lawyer. Involved with politics and public policy in the Netherlands and the US, she has taught at universities in both countries. Mees graduated in Law at University of Groningen. From 1992 to 1998, she worked for the Dutch Treasury in The Hague, for two years as spokeswoman for former State Secretary Willem Vermeend, she worked for the European Commission in Brussels from 1998 to 2000. In 2000 she emigrated to the US. In New York Mees was employed as a European affairs consultant for Ernst & Young; when her contract was not renewed, Mees stayed in New York and worked as an independent consultant on European affairs. Mees started writing opinion pieces for several Dutch newspapers. Mees' breakthrough as an opinion writer in the Netherlands came in 2006 when she wrote "The time is long overdue that women should go to work", her first feminist opinion piece in NRC Handelsblad; the same year, she co-founded Women on Top, an organization that until 2011 advocated more women in top jobs.

As a firm advocate of female ambition and a promoter of more women in the supervisory and executive boards of big companies, Mees has been described as a "power feminist". From 2006 to 2010 she wrote a bi-weekly column in NRC Handelsblad, from 2012 to 2013 a weekly column for Het Financieele Dagblad, she has written for publications such as the Financial Times. Mees is a columnist for Capital. In September 2015 she was a guest columnist for de Volkskrant, in 2016 began a biweekly column for that same paper, she was vice-president of the chapter of the Dutch Labour Party in New York. From 2005 to 2008 she worked as volunteer-fundraiser for the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton. In August 2012, Mees completed a doctoral thesis at the Erasmus School of Economics, in which she argued that the primary cause of the 2008 global financial crisis was the flourishing economy in China and resulting savings and government investments by the Chinese. While completing her research, she worked as an Adjunct Assistant Professor at Tilburg University.

From September 2012 until July 2013, Mees was employed as an Adjunct Associate Professor of Public Administration at New York University's Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service. In July 2013, Mees was arrested in New York on charges of stalking her former lover, the chief economist of Citigroup, Willem Buiter. In March 2014, the court decided that the case against Mees was to be dismissed in one year provided that she complies with two conditions; that year, in September 2014, Mees responded by filing for damages against Buiter. The Chinese Birdcage - How China's Rise Almost Toppled the West. ISBN 978-1-137-58885-2 Changing Fortunes. How China's Boom Caused the Financial Crisis, 2012. ISBN 978-90-5892-311-0 "NY Service Economy - A Template for a Future Suburbia" in Here, Everywhere 2014. DroogLab Amsterdam. ISBN 978-9090281735. Tussen hebzucht en verlangen - de wereld en het grote geld. ISBN 978-90-468-0572-5 Weg met het deeltijdfeminisme! - over vrouwen, ambitie en carrière. ISBN 978-90-468-0214-4 Compendium van het Europees belastingrecht.

ISBN 90-200-2435-3 Official website

Keeley Forsyth is an English actress and musician. Forsyth's first acting role was as Nicky in the BBC children's television series The Biz in 1995, appearing alongside Paul Nicholls, she subsequently appeared in several television series, including Peak Practice, Where the Heart Is, Heartbeat, The Bill and Pascoe, Holby City, The Line of Beauty, Criminal Justice, Coronation Street and Lovers, “New Tricks“. She has performed for Real Circumstance Theatre Company. In 2001, Forsyth appeared in an all-star Family Fortunes: Heartbeat vs Peak Practice edition. In 2015, Forsyth appeared as Terri Weedon in the BBC TV mini series The Casual Vacancy. In 2016, Forsyth appeared as Annette in the second series of Happy Valley. In October 2019, Forsyth released the single "Debris" on The Leaf Label, followed by "Start Again", with accompanying video by Andrew Hulme, in January 2020, her debut album of the same name, released on 17 January 2020, features "minimal arrangements" that feature Forsyth's "elemental voice and an outpouring of candid, haunting lyrics".

The album features fellow Leaf Label artist and pianist Matthew Bourne. Talking to The Line of Best Fit, she detailed the inception of the record and finding Bourne via the BBC's Late Junction: "I recorded all my stuff on the harmonium and gave it to him. I was meant to re-record my voice over his sounds, but he sent back what he heard on the harmonium – the chords, the keys, the silences, the breaths in and out – and it was just like, wow. I was stunned and I didn't do anything with it for a little while He's the only person who I know making music who lives close enough for me to make anything happen."Speaking to The Guardian in January 2020 Forsyth shared plans to develop a live performance in collaboration with film-makers Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard. The album was met with critical acclaim, praised by the likes of Pitchfork, The Quietus and Loud and Quiet. Official website Keeley Forsyth on Facebook Keeley Forsyth on Twitter Keeley Forsyth on IMDb Robertson, Derek. "A Path Through Darkness: Keeley Forsyth Interviewed".

The Quietus

Alan Cumyn is a Canadian novelist who lives in Ottawa, Ontario. Born in Ottawa, Alan Cumyn studied at Royal Roads Military College in 1983, Queen's University before earning an M. A. in Creative Writing and English Literature at the University of Windsor. He has lived across Canada and in China and Indonesia, worked variously as a geologist's assistant, group home manager, tai chi instructor, English teacher, program officer in international development, human rights researcher and freelance writer. Cumyn's fiction focuses on personal and political relations in a cross-cultural context, he now lives in Ottawa with two daughters. In 2016 he won the Writers' Trust of Canada's Vicky Metcalf Award for Literature for Young People for his body of work. Waiting for Li Ming - 1993 Between Families and the Sky - 1995 Man of Bone - 1998 - Burridge Unbound - 2000 - shortlisted for the 2000 Giller Prize Losing It - 2001 The Secret Life of Owen Skye - 2002 The Sojourn - 2003 After Sylvia - 2004 The Famished Lover - 2006 Dear Sylvia - 2008 Tilt - 2011 W. H. New, ed. Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada.

Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. Author's Website: https://web.archive.org/web/20110903150747/http://www.alancumyn.com/acumyn.html Online interview from CBC Words at Large Alan Cumyn's web page Writer's Union profile on Alan Cumyn